78-515: Download coordinates as: Conservation reserves of South Australia is a class of protected area used in the Australian state of South Australia where crown land under the control of the responsible minister has been dedicated for conservation purposes . This class of protected area has been in use as early as 1985. In 2016 there were 15 conservation reserves that covered an area of 194.7 square kilometres (75.1 sq mi). As of March 2022
156-491: A critical factor in their success. Subsequently, the range of natural resources that any one protected area may guard is vast. Many will be allocated primarily for species conservation whether it be flora or fauna or the relationship between them, but protected areas are similarly important for conserving sites of (indigenous) cultural importance and considerable reserves of natural resources such as; Annual updates on each of these analyses are made in order to make comparisons to
234-640: A global network contribute to achieving the three objectives of the Convention and the 2010 target to significantly reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss ." In 2010, protected areas were included in Target 11 of the CBD's Strategic Plan for Biodiversity , known as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Target 11 states: In 2018, to complement protected areas across landscapes and seascapes,
312-482: A nationwide survey that compares the biodiversity of Bhutan's protected areas versus that of intervening non-protected areas. The study indicated that Bhutan's protected areas "are effectively conserving medium and large mammal species, as demonstrated through the significant difference in mammal diversity between protected areas, biological corridors, and non-protected areas with the strongest difference between protected areas and non-protected areas". Protected areas had
390-708: A protected area or an entire network of protected areas may lie within a larger geographic zone that is recognised as a terrestrial or marine ecoregions (see Global 200 ), or a Crisis Ecoregions for example. As a result, Protected Areas can encompass a broad range of governance types. A wide variety of rights-holders and stakeholders are involved in the governance and management of protected areas, including forest protected areas, such as government agencies and ministries at various levels, elected and traditional authorities, indigenous peoples and local communities, private individuals and non-profit trusts, among others. Most protected-area and forest management institutions acknowledge
468-662: A protected area. Scientific publications have identified 3,749 enacted PADDD events in 73 countries since 1892 which have collectively impacted an area approximately the size of Mexico. PADDD is a historical and contemporary phenomenon. 78% of PADDD events worldwide were enacted since 2000 and governments in at least 14 countries are currently considering at least 46 PADDD proposals. Proximate causes of PADDD vary widely but most PADDD events globally (62%) are related to industrial scale resource extraction and development – infrastructure, industrial agriculture, mining, oil and gas, forestry, fisheries, and industrialization. PADDD challenges
546-520: A source of aesthetic and cultural value for tourism and heritage. Such services are often overlooked by humanity, due to the ecosystem from which they originate being far from urbanized areas. The contamination of ecosystem services within a designated area ultimately degrades their use for society. For example, the protection of a water body inherently protects that water body's microorganisms and their ability to adequately filter pollutants and pathogens, ultimately protecting water quality itself. Therefore,
624-482: A specific class of protected area. China, a megadiverse country , has begun implementing various protected areas in recent years. As of the year 2017, China has nearly 10,000 to 12,000 protected areas , 80% of which are nature reserves aiming to foster biodiversity conservation. These newly implemented reserves safeguard a range of ecosystems, from tropical forests to marine habitats. These protected areas encompass nearly 20% of China's land area. Natura 2000
702-546: Is a private protected area , also known as a 'Private Reserve' predominantly managed for biodiversity conservation, protected without formal government recognition and is owned and stewarded by the O corporation International. O parks plays a particularly important role in conserving critical biodiversity in a section of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor known as the Paso del Istmo , located along
780-399: Is a heritage register, a list of national heritage places deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia, established in 2003. The list includes natural and historic places, including those of cultural significance to Indigenous Australians . Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs) are formed by agreement with Indigenous Australians, and declared by Indigenous Australians, and form
858-532: Is a network of protected areas established by the EU across all member states. It is made up of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and Special Protection Areas (SPAs) designated respectively under the Habitats Directive and Birds Directive . 787,767 km (304,159 sq mi) are designated as terrestrial sites and 251,564 km (97,129 sq mi) as marine sites. Overall, 18 percent of
SECTION 10
#1732780417780936-411: Is currently a developing country that is undergoing infrastructure development and resource collection. The country's economic progression has brought about human-wildlife conflict and increased pressure on the existence of its protected areas. In light of ongoing disputes on the topic of optimal land usage, Dorji (et al.), in a study using camera traps to detect wildlife activity, summarize the results of
1014-512: Is limited. The term "protected area" also includes marine protected areas and transboundary protected areas across multiple borders. As of 2016, there are over 161,000 protected areas representing about 17 percent of the world's land surface area (excluding Antarctica). For waters under national jurisdiction beyond inland waters, there are 14,688 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), covering approximately 10.2% of coastal and marine areas and 4.12% of global ocean areas. In contrast, only 0.25% of
1092-420: Is located on 7 hectares (17 acres) of land in the locality of Sherwood on the state's Limestone Coast. Lacroma Conservation Reserve ( 33°16′10″S 136°16′50″E / 33.269550°S 136.280440°E / -33.269550; 136.280440 ( Lacroma Conservation Reserve ) ) was established on 14 April 1988. It is located on 45 hectares (110 acres) of land in the locality of Solomon on
1170-493: Is located on 94 hectares (230 acres) of land in the locality of Cunyarie on the Eyre Peninsula. Desert Camp Conservation Reserve ( 36°28′30″S 140°22′55″E / 36.475090°S 140.381830°E / -36.475090; 140.381830 ( Desert Camp Conservation Reserve ) ) was established on 11 November 1993. It is located on 882 hectares (2,180 acres) of land in the locality of Marcollat on
1248-647: Is located within the federal division of Grey , the state electoral districts of Giles and Stuart , the local government area of the Flinders Ranges Council , the Pastoral Unincorporated Area of South Australia, and the state's Far North region . Flinders Ranges contains a number of places listed on the South Australian Heritage Register , including: Flinders Ranges is bounded by
1326-425: Is often why many Wildlife Reserves and National Parks face the human threat of poaching for the illegal bushmeat or trophy trades, which are resorted to as an alternative form of substinence. Poaching has thus increased in recent years as areas with certain species are no longer easily and legally accessible. This increasing threat has often led governments to enforce laws and implement new policies to adhere to
1404-488: Is recognised not only ecologically, but culturally through further development in the arena of Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs). ICCAs are "natural and/or modified ecosystems containing significant bio - diversity values and ecological services, voluntarily conserved by (sedentary and mobile) indigenous and local communities, through customary laws or other effective means". As of December 2022, 17% of land territory and 10% of ocean territory were protected. At
1482-687: Is the Main Ridge Forest Reserve, established by an ordinance dated 13 April 1776. Other sources mention the 1778 approval of a protected area on then- Khan Uul , a mountain previous protected by local nomads for centuries in Mongolia, by then-ruling Qing China Tenger Tetgegch Khaan . However, the mass protected areas movement did not begin until late nineteenth-century in North America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, when other countries were quick to follow suit. While
1560-586: Is to protect 30% of the terrestrial and marine territory of the United States by the year 2030. In the United Kingdom, the term conservation area almost always applies to an area (usually urban or the core of a village) of special architectural or historic interest, the character of which is considered worthy of preservation or enhancement. It creates a precautionary approach to the loss or alteration of buildings and/or trees, thus it has some of
1638-546: Is usually the main reason for constructing protected areas, the protection of biodiversity also protects the ecosystem services society enjoys. Some ecosystem services include those that provide and regulate resources, support natural processes, or represent culture. Provisioning services provide resources to humanity, such as fuel and water, while regulating services include carbon sequestration , climate regulation, and protection against disease. Supporting ecosystem services include nutrient cycling , while cultural services are
SECTION 20
#17327804177801716-484: The National Parks & Wildlife Act ." The name was subsequently approved by the board in 1988. Poolgarra Conservation Reserve ( 33°17′52″S 136°05′10″E / 33.297770°S 136.086130°E / -33.297770; 136.086130 ( Poolgarra Conservation Reserve ) ) was established on 28 January 1988. It is located on 170 hectares (420 acres) of land in the locality of Caralue on
1794-476: The 2022 United Nations Biodiversity Conference almost 200 countries, signed onto the agreement which includes protecting 30% of land and oceans by 2030 ( 30 by 30 ). In 1992, a protected area was defined in paragraph 2 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as "a geographically defined area which is designated or regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives." Under Article 8 of
1872-738: The Crown Land Management Act 2009 totalled fifteen with a total area of 194.71 km (75.18 sq mi) or less than 0.1% of South Australia's area. As of 2014, all fifteen declared conservation reserve reserves have been classified as IUCN Category VI protected areas . As of December 2016, the following conservation reserves were listed by the Government of South Australia. Bernouilli Conservation Reserve ( 36°58′21″S 139°41′09″E / 36.972430°S 139.685770°E / -36.972430; 139.685770 ( Bernouilli Conservation Reserve ) )
1950-653: The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework at the COP15, which includes the 30 by 30 initiative. Protected areas are implemented for biodiversity conservation , often providing habitat and protection from hunting for threatened and endangered species . Protection helps maintain ecological processes that cannot survive in most intensely managed landscapes and seascapes. Indigenous peoples and local communities frequently criticize this method of fortress conservation for
2028-535: The Millennium Development Goals and several other fields of analysis are expected to be introduced in the monitoring of protected areas management effectiveness, such as freshwater and marine or coastal studies which are currently underway, and islands and drylands which are currently in planning. The effectiveness of protected areas to protect biodiversity can be estimated by comparing population changes over time. Such an analysis found that
2106-617: The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 . Other places in South Australia whose names include the words "conservation reserve" include: Download coordinates as: Protected area Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural or cultural values. Protected areas are those areas in which human presence or the exploitation of natural resources (e.g. firewood, non-timber forest products , water, ...)
2184-549: The United Nations Environment Programme , the United States had a total of 6770 terrestrial nationally designated (federal) protected areas. These protected areas cover 2,607,131 km (1,006,619 sq mi), or 27.08 percent of the land area of the United States. This is also one-tenth of the protected land area of the world. According to a report from the Center for American Progress ,
2262-668: The World Charter for Nature in 1982, the Rio Declaration at the Earth Summit in 1992, and the Johannesburg Declaration 2002. Recently, the importance of protected areas has been brought to the fore at the threat of human-induced global heating and the understanding of the necessity to consume natural resources in a sustainable manner. The spectrum of benefits and values of protected areas
2340-534: The 12-mile-wide isthmus between Lake Nicaragua and the Pacific Ocean. On 21 May 2019, The Moscow Times cited a World Wildlife Fund report indicating that Russia now ranks first in the world for its amount of protected natural areas with 63.3 million hectares of specially protected natural areas. However, the article did not contain a link to WWF's report and it may be based on previously gathered data. As of 31 January 2008 , according to
2418-457: The 17th and 18th centuries, protected areas were mostly hunting grounds of rulers and thus, on the one hand, an expression of the absolute personal authority of a monarch, and on the other hand, they were concentrated in certain places and diminished with increasing spatial distance from the seat of power. In the late 19th century, modern territorial states emerged which, thanks to the transport and communication technologies of industrialisation and
Conservation reserves of South Australia - Misplaced Pages Continue
2496-646: The CBD, parties who entered the treaty agreed to, among other things, "establish a system of protected areas." In 2004, the CBD's Conference of the Parties (COP) adopted the Program of Work on Protected Areas (PoWPA) to further develop and promote protected areas. PoWPA's objective was the "establishment and maintenance by 2010 for terrestrial and by 2012 for marine areas of comprehensive, effectively managed, and ecologically representative national and regional systems of protected areas that collectively, inter alia through
2574-521: The EU land mass is designated. Protected areas of India include National parks , Wildlife sanctuaries , biosphere reserves , reserved and protected forests , conservation and community reserves , communal forests , private protected areas and conservation areas . Lebanon, home to one of the highest densities of floral diversity in the Mediterranean basin , hosts tree species with critical biogeographical locations (southernmost limit) on
2652-506: The Eyre Peninsula. Its name is derived from the Lacroma Water Conservation Reserve which was located on some "adjacent" land. Moongi Conservation Reserve ( 32°53′22″S 136°09′05″E / 32.889550°S 136.151350°E / -32.889550; 136.151350 ( Moongi Conservation Reserve ) ) was established on 13 September 1990. It is located on 232 hectares (570 acres) of land in
2730-499: The Eyre Peninsula. Its name is derived from the Tola Tank Water Conservation Reserve because its land holding consists of part of the land used for the water conservation reserve. The following is a list of former conservation reserves dedicated under the former Crown Lands Act 1929 and which either have been added to existing protected areas or proclaimed as new protected areas constituted under
2808-511: The Eyre Peninsula. Its name is derived from the previous use of the land as the Poolgara Water Conservation Reserve. Tola Conservation Reserve ( 33°07′38″S 136°18′54″E / 33.1272°S 136.3151°E / -33.1272; 136.3151 ( Tola Conservation Reserve ) ) was established on 28 January 1988. It is located on 30 hectares (74 acres) of land in the locality of Solomon on
2886-520: The United Nations. The categories provide international standards for defining protected areas and encourage conservation planning according to their management aims. IUCN Protected Area Management Categories : Protected areas are cultural artifacts, and their story is entwined with that of human civilization. Protecting places and natural resources is by no means a modern concept, whether it be indigenous communities guarding sacred sites or
2964-455: The abundance of 2,239 terrestrial vertebrate populations changed at slower rate in protected areas. On average, vertebrate populations declined five times more slowly within protected areas (−0.4% per year) than at similar sites lacking protection (−1.8% per year). Along with providing important stocks of natural resources, protected areas are often major sources of vital ecosystem services , unbeknownst to human society. Although biodiversity
3042-401: The administration of Joe Biden reached a record in conservation. In 3 years of ruling it conserved or in the process of conserving more than 24 millions acres of public land and in 2023 alone more than 12.5 million acres of public land became protected area. It is doing it together with the indigenous people as 200 agreements of co-stewardship with them were signed in 2023 alone. The goal of Biden
3120-473: The closely meshed and well-connected administrative apparatus that came with it, could actually assert claims to power over large contiguous territories. The establishment of nature reserves in mostly peripheral regions thus became possible and at the same time underpinned the new state claim to power. Initially, protected areas were recognised on a national scale, differing from country to country until 1933, when an effort to reach an international consensus on
3198-501: The control of the responsible government minister and which has been dedicated for conservation purposes. Declaration of a parcel of crown land as a conservation reserve can be an interim step towards declaration as a reserve under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 . As of 2016, conservation reserves are managed by the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources . As of June 2016, reserves declared under
Conservation reserves of South Australia - Misplaced Pages Continue
3276-543: The convention of European hunting reserves. Over 2000 years ago, royal decrees in India protected certain areas. In Europe, rich and powerful people protected hunting grounds for a thousand years. Moreover, the idea of protection of special places is universal: for example, it occurs among the communities in the Pacific ("tapu" areas) and in parts of Africa (sacred groves). The oldest legally protected reserve recorded in history
3354-531: The draft Global Biodiversity Framework, which is due to be agreed at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, which will be held 5 to 17 December in Montreal , Canada. How to manage areas protected for conservation brings up a range of challenges – whether it be regarding the local population, specific ecosystems or the design of the reserve itself – and because of
3432-498: The effectiveness of most of them remains unclear. Scientists advocate that 50% of global land and seas be converted to inter-connected protected areas to sustain these benefits. The Asian country Bhutan achieved this high-reaching target by reserving 51.4% of the country's area as protected areas interconnected through biological corridors . Although these networks are well regulated (local communities are aware of their importance and actively contribute to their maintenance), Bhutan
3510-533: The generally violent processes by which the regulations of the areas are enforced. The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorisation guidelines for protected areas. The definition is as follows: A clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve
3588-446: The highest levels of mammal biodiversity. This is made possible by the restriction of commercial activity and regulation of consumptive uses (firewood, timber, etc.). The regulation of such practices has allowed Bhutan's protected areas to thrive with high carnivore diversity and other rare mammals such as Chinese pangolin , Indian pangolin , mountain weasel ( Mustela altaica ) , small-toothed ferret badger , Asian small clawed otter ,
3666-509: The idea of protected areas spread around the world in the twentieth century, the driving force was different in different regions. Thus, in North America, protected areas were about safeguarding dramatic and sublime scenery; in Africa, the concern was with game parks; in Europe, landscape protection was more common. The designation of protected areas often also contained a political statement. In
3744-541: The implementation of protected areas is vital to maintaining the quality and consistency of ecosystem services, ultimately allowing human society to function without the interference of human infrastructure or policies. Through its World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), the IUCN has developed six Protected Area Management Categories that define protected areas according to their management objectives, which are internationally recognised by various national governments and
3822-453: The importance of recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, sharing the costs and benefits of protected areas and actively involving them in their governance and management. This has led to the recognition of four main types of governance, defined on the basis of who holds authority, responsibility, and who can be held accountable for the key decisions for protected areas. Indeed, governance of protected areas has emerged
3900-585: The infrastructure and networking needed to substitute consumable resources and substantively protect the area from development or misuse. The soliciting of protected areas may require regulation to the level of meeting demands for food, feed, livestock and fuel, and the legal enforcement of not only the protected area itself but also 'buffer zones' surrounding it, which may help to resist destabilisation. Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) events are processes that change
3978-713: The initial goal of protected areas, though many illegal activities are often overlooked. There is increasing pressure to take proper account of human needs when setting up protected areas and these sometimes have to be "traded off" against conservation needs. Whereas in the past governments often made decisions about protected areas and informed local people afterwards, today the emphasis is shifting towards greater discussions with stakeholders and joint decisions about how such lands should be set aside and managed. Such negotiations are never easy but usually produce stronger and longer-lasting results for both conservation and people. In some countries, protected areas can be assigned without
SECTION 50
#17327804177804056-528: The legal status of national parks and other protected areas in both terrestrial and marine environments. Downgrading is a decrease in legal restrictions on human activities within a protected area, downsizing is a decrease in protected area size through a legal boundary change, and degazettement is the loss of legal protection for an entire protected area. Collectively, PADDD represents legal processes that temper regulations, shrink boundaries, or eliminate legal protections originally associated with establishment of
4134-458: The legislative and policy characteristics of listed buildings and tree preservation orders . The concept was introduced in 1967, and by 2017 almost 9,800 had been designated in England. Flinders Ranges, South Australia Flinders Ranges is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located in the mountain range of the same name , about 380 km (240 mi) north of
4212-489: The localities of Moseley and Cortlinye on the Eyre Peninsula. Its name is derived from the previous use of the land as the Mootra Water Conservation Reserve. Pinkawillinie Reservoir Conservation Reserve ( 32°57′33″S 136°07′49″E / 32.95918322°S 136.13018525°E / -32.95918322; 136.13018525 ( Pinkawillinie Reservoir Conservation Reserve ) )
4290-463: The locality of Buckleboo in the Eyre Peninsula . Its name is derived from the "former town of Buckleboo." Bunbury Conservation Reserve ( 36°08′32″S 139°57′33″E / 36.1422°S 139.959160°E / -36.1422; 139.959160 ( Bunbury Conservation Reserve ) ) was established on 11 September 1993. It is located on 1,945 hectares (4,810 acres) of land in
4368-407: The locality of Buckleboo on the Eyre Peninsula. Its name is derived from its proximity to "the former town of Moongi." Mootra Conservation Reserve ( 33°02′52″S 136°25′43″E / 33.047820°S 136.428580°E / -33.047820; 136.428580 ( Mootra Conservation Reserve ) ) was established on 2 March 1989. It is located on 949 hectares (2,350 acres) of land in
4446-410: The locality of Bunbury in the state's Murray and Mallee region. Bunkers Conservation Reserve ( 31°23′55″S 138°50′14″E / 31.3986°S 138.8373°E / -31.3986; 138.8373 ( Bunkers Conservation Reserve ) ) was established on 27 March 2001. It is located on 14,062 hectares (34,750 acres) of land in the locality of Flinders Ranges in the mountain range of
4524-686: The long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. Protected Areas alleviate climate change effects in a variety of ways: The objective of protected areas is to conserve biodiversity and to provide a way for measuring the progress of such conservation. Protected areas will usually encompass several other zones that have been deemed important for particular conservation uses, such as Important Bird Areas (IBA) and Endemic Bird Areas (EBA), Centres of Plant Diversity (CPD), Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCA), Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites (AZE) and Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) among others. Likewise,
4602-430: The longstanding assumption that protected areas are permanent fixtures and highlights the need for decision-makers to consider protected area characteristics and the socioeconomic context in which they are situated to better ensure their permanence. A main goal of protected areas is to prevent loss of biodiversity . However, their effectiveness is limited by their small size and isolation from each other (which influence
4680-424: The maintenance of species), their restricted role in preventing climate change , invasive species , and pollution, their high costs, and their increasing conflict with human demands for nature's resources. In addition, the type of habitat, species composition, legal issues and governance, play important roles. One major problem is that only 18% of the area covered by protected areas have been assessed, hence
4758-479: The many unpredicatable elements in ecology issues, each protected area requires a case-specific set of guidelines. Enforcing protected area boundaries is a costly and labour-heavy endeavour, particularly if the allocation of a new protected region places new restrictions on the use of resources by the native people which may lead to their subsequent displacement. This has troubled relationships between conservationists and rural communities in many protected regions and
SECTION 60
#17327804177804836-527: The mountain range between the ‘town centre’ of Hawker in the south and the 'town centre' of Parachilna in the north, as well as some land to the west of the range. In the north east it contains all of the protected areas of the Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park and Bunkers Conservation Reserve , whose eastern boundaries align with that of the locality. The Marree railway line and The Outback Highway both pass through
4914-710: The networks that hold regular revisions for the succinct categorisations that have been developed to regulate and record protected areas. In 1972, the Stockholm Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment endorsed the protection of representative examples of all major ecosystem types as a fundamental requirement of national conservation programmes. This has become a core principle of conservation biology and has remained so in recent resolutions – including
4992-582: The number had increased to 16 conservation reserves covering 193.6 square kilometres (74.73 sq mi) or less than 1% of South Australia's land area. In South Australia, a conservation reserve is a class of protected area concerned with "(crown) land set aside for conservation of natural and cultural features under the Crown Land Management Act 2009 " and its predecessor, the Crown Lands Act 1929 . This class of protected area has been in use since at least 1985. Conservation reserves only concerns land under
5070-930: The same name in the state's Far North region . Its name is derived from the Bunker Range. The crown land was placed under "the care, control and management of the Yellow Footed Rock Wallaby Association Incorporated, subject to the various conditions as stipulated in the Memorandum of Agreement signed on 28 December 2000, between the Minister for Environment and Heritage and the Yellow Footed Rock Wallaby Association Incorporated." Cortlinye Conservation Reserve ( 33°03′16″S 136°19′26″E / 33.054510°S 136.323990°E / -33.054510; 136.323990 ( Cortlinye Conservation Reserve ) )
5148-821: The standards and terminology of protected areas took place at the International Conference for the Protection of Fauna and Flora in London. At the 1962 First World Conference on National Parks in Seattle the effect the Industrial Revolution had had on the world's natural environment was acknowledged, and the need to preserve it for future generations was established. Since then, it has been an international commitment on behalf of both governments and non-government organisations to maintain
5226-566: The state capital of Adelaide , about 86 km (53 mi) north-east of the municipal seat in Quorn and about 131 km (81 mi) north-east of the regional centre of Port Augusta . Its boundaries were created in April 2013, with the name selected in respect to the ‘long established local name’. Its southern boundary was altered in November 2013 with the addition of land from Hawker and
5304-505: The state's Limestone Coast about 65 kilometres (40 mi) north west of Naracoorte . Its name is derived from its proximity to the Desert Camp Conservation Park . Hardings Springs Conservation Reserve ( 36°03′54″S 140°43′55″E / 36.064960°S 140.731920°E / -36.064960; 140.731920 ( Hardings Springs Conservation Reserve ) ) was established on 24 April 1997. It
5382-653: The term ' other effective area-based conservation measures ' was defined as "a geographically defined area other than a Protected Area, which is governed and managed in ways that achieve positive and sustained long-term outcomes for the in situ conservation of biodiversity, with associated ecosystem functions and services and where applicable, cultural, spiritual, socio-economic, and other locally relevant values." Other effective area-based conservation measures complement protected areas across landscapes, seascapes, and river basins. Protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures are referenced together in Target 3 of
5460-506: The tiger, dhole ( Cuon alpinus ), Binturong , clouded leopard and Tibetan fox ( Vulpes ferrilata ) . Also found to be prevalent were the large herbivore species: Asiatic water buffalo Bubalus arnee , golden langur , musk deer , and Asian elephant . The maintenance of these charismatic megafauna and other threatened species can be attributed to the intensity of Bhutan's management of its protected areas and its local communities' commitment to preserving them. The National Heritage List
5538-403: The transfer of land to Shaggy Ridge . The sites of the government towns of Edeowie and Mernmerna are also within its boundaries. These town were both surveyed in 1863. Edeowie Post Office was open from c. 1870 to 1876 and then from 1879 to 1881, while Mernmerna Post Office was open from 1874 to 1881 and then again for a period in 1905. Flinders Ranges consists of the part of
5616-662: The west side of the locality while the Flinders Ranges Way passes through the south-east side. As of 2012, its land use was either pastoral farming or conservation . The Marree railway line is the boundary between these uses, with pastoral farming to the west and land to the east zoned for conservation, including the Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park and the Bunker Conservation Reserve. Flinders Ranges
5694-527: The western slopes of Mount Lebanon’s mountain range and has passed laws to protect environmental sites at the national level, including nature reserves, forests, and Hima (local community-based conservation), with some of these sites having acquired one or more international designations: There are three biosphere reserves in Lebanon that have been designated by the UNESCO : O Parks, Wildlife, and Recreation
5772-576: The world's oceans beyond national jurisdiction are covered by MPAs. In recent years, the 30 by 30 initiative has targeted to protect 30% of ocean territory and 30% of land territory worldwide by 2030; this has been adopted by the European Union in its Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 , Campaign for Nature which promoted the goal during the Convention on Biodiversity 's COP15 Summit and the G7 . In December 2022, Nations have reached an agreement with
5850-515: Was established on 11 November 1993. It is located on 21 hectares (52 acres) of land in the locality of Tooperang . Its name is derived from its proximity to the Cox Scrub Conservation Park . Cunyarie Conservation Reserve ( 32°56′48″S 136°16′15″E / 32.946590°S 136.270850°E / -32.946590; 136.270850 ( Cunyarie Conservation Reserve ) ) was established on 11 November 1985. It
5928-439: Was established on 11 November 1993. It is located on 265 hectares (650 acres) of land in the locality of Cape Jaffa in the state's Limestone Coast . Buckleboo Conservation Reserve ( 32°54′53″S 136°12′52″E / 32.9148°S 136.2144°E / -32.9148; 136.2144 ( Buckleboo Conservation Reserve ) ) was established on 13 September 1990. It is located on 281 hectares (690 acres) of land in
6006-526: Was established on 12 November 1987. It is located on 208 hectares (510 acres) of land in the locality of Cortlinye on the Eyre Peninsula. Its name is derived from the land's previous tenure as the Cortlinye Water Conservation Reserve. Cox Scrub Conservation Reserve ( 35°21′18″S 138°44′15″E / 35.3551°S 138.7375°E / -35.3551; 138.7375 ( Cox Scrub Conservation Reserve ) )
6084-620: Was established on 14 May 1987. It is located on 279 hectares (690 acres) of land in the locality of Pinkawillinie . Its name is derived from the previous use of the land as the Pinkawillinie Water Conservation Reserve. An earlier proposal to use ‘Pinkawillinie’ as the name of the conservation reserve was not accepted by Geographical Names Board due to "possible confusion with the Pinkawillinie Conservation Park proclaimed under
#779220