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30-402: The tenth-century Byzantine text De Administrando Imperio mentions "Perkri" belonging to King Ashot I Bagratuni at the beginning of the ninth century before being turned over to an Arab ruler, Abu'l-Ward. After the death of Ashot's son, Smbat I , another Arab ruler, Abu Sawada, took possession of Berkri. The Muradiye district also experienced forced evacuations of some of its inhabitants as

60-617: A 6th-century manual by Peter the Patrician . They rather describe administrative ceremonies like the appointment of certain functionaries (ch. 84,85), investitures of certain offices (86), the reception of ambassadors and the proclamation of the Western Emperor (87,88), the reception of Persian ambassadors (89,90), Anagorevseis of certain Emperors (91-96), the appointment of the senate's proedros (97). The "palace order" prescribes

90-625: A consequence of the Turkish-Kurdish conflict . Mehmet Ali Tunç was elected mayor in the local elections 2014. He was detained and a trustee was appointed instead in January 2017. In the local elections in March 2019, Yılmaz Şalan from the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) was elected mayor. On the 6 November 2019, Şalan was arrested due to charges relating to terrorism. The current Kaymakam

120-726: A new critical edition of this work and J.B. Bury later proposed to include this work in his collection of Byzantine Texts. He gave up the plan for an edition, surrendering it to Gyula Moravcsik in 1925. The first modern edition of the Greek text (by Gy. Moravscik) and its English translation (by R. J. H. Jenkins ) appeared in Budapest in 1949. The next editions appeared in 1962 (Athlone, London) then in 1967 and 1993 ( Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington D.C.). De Ceremoniis The De Cerimoniis or De Ceremoniis (fully De cerimoniis aulae Byzantinae )

150-668: Is Erkan Savar. There are 48 neighbourhoods in Muradiye District: The climate in Muradiye, with hot, dry summer, and cold, snowy winters, can be classified a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dsa ). In the early 2000s, there was reported a lack of teachers. Teachers were teaching more than 50 children per average. In 1976 an earthquake occurred in Muradiye, Van, and caused the death of about 3,640 people and leaving 51,000 people homeless. This article about an Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey location

180-472: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . De Administrando Imperio De Administrando Imperio ( lit.   ' on the governance of the Empire ' ; Greek : Πρὸς τὸν ἴδιον υἱὸν αὐτοῦ Ῥωμανὸν lit.   ' to my own son Romanos ' ) is a Greek -language work written by the 10th-century Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII . It is a domestic and foreign policy manual for

210-526: Is in essence reliable. The historical and antiquarian treatise, which the Emperor had compiled during the 940s, is contained in the chapters 12–40. This treatise contains traditional and legendary stories of how the territories surrounding the Empire came in the past to be occupied by the people living in them in the Emperor's times ( Saracens , Lombards , Venetians , Serbs , Croats , Magyars , Pechenegs ). Chapters 1–8, 10—12 explain imperial policy toward

240-624: Is the conventional Latin name for a Greek book of ceremonial protocol at the court of the Byzantine emperors in Constantinople . Its Greek title is often cited as Ἔκθεσις τῆς βασιλείου τάξεως ("Explanation of the Order of the Palace"), taken from the work's preface, or Περὶ τῆς Βασιλείου Τάξεως ("On the Order of the Palace"). In non-specialist English sources, it tends to be called

270-412: Is the regular use of technical terms which – being in standard use at the time – may present prima facie hardships to a modern reader. For example, Constantine writes of the regular practice of sending basilikoí ( lit. "royals") to distant lands for negotiations. In this case, it is merely meant that "royal men", i.e. imperial envoys, were sent as ambassadors on a specific mission. In the preamble,

300-476: The Book of Ceremonies of Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (variably spelt), a formula used by writers including David Talbot Rice and the modern English translation. It was written or at least commissioned by Emperor Constantine VII (reigned 913-959), probably around 956-959. The compilation of Rep. I 17 (Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek) was partially revised later under Nikephoros II (963-969), perhaps under

330-692: The Elevation of the Cross , Christmas, Epiphany, Palm Sunday, Good Friday, Easter and Ascension Day and saint's days like St Demetrius , St Basil etc. often extended over many days), while chapters 38-83 describe secular ceremonies or rites of passage like coronations (38-40), weddings (39,41), births (42), funerals (60), or the celebration of war triumphs during feasts at the Hippodrome like Lupercalia (73). These protocols gave rules for imperial progresses to and from certain churches at Constantinople and

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360-485: The Pechenegs and Turks . Chapter 13 is a general directive on foreign policy coming from the Emperor. Chapters 43—46 are about contemporary policy in the north-east ( Armenia and Georgia ). The guides to the incorporation and taxation of new imperial provinces, and to some parts of civil and naval administration, are in chapters 49–52. These later chapters (and chapter 53) were designed to give practical instructions to

390-559: The "On the Themes of East and West" ( Περὶ θεμάτων Ἀνατολῆς καὶ Δύσεως , known in Latin as De Thematibus ), concerning recent events in the imperial provinces. To this combination were added Constantine's own political instructions to his son, Romanus. The book content, according to its preface, is divided into four sections: As to the historical and geographic information, which is often confusing and filled with legends, this information

420-530: The Empire . This edition was published six years later with no changes. The next edition – which belongs to the A. Bandur (1711) – is collated copy of the first edition and manuscript P . Banduri's edition was reprinted twice: in 1729 in the Venetian collection of the Byzantine Historians , and in 1864 Migne republished Banduri's text with a few corrections. Constantine himself had not given

450-542: The Themes) and finished a biography of his grandfather, Basil I . The text known as De Administrando Imperio was written by emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, but he had at least one educated "Anonymous Collaborator". Constantine VII's direct appeals to his son Romanus II and Constantine's first-person commentaries are located both at the beginning of the treatise in the Proem and in chapter 13, as well as at

480-455: The conveyances required for movement (i.e. on foot, mounted, by boat), as well as the participants’ costumes and acclamations, some of which were debased Latin , which had not been an administrative language for more than three centuries. The second book follows a very similar composition: (1) religious feasts and the description of palace buildings, (2) secular ceremonies and imperial ordonations, (3) imperial receptions and war festivities at

510-421: The emperor Romanus II, and are probably added during the year 951–52, in order to mark Romanus' fourteenth birthday (952). There are four surviving copies: The Greek text in its entirety was published seven times. The editio princeps , which was based on V , was published in 1611 by Johannes Meursius , who gave it the Latin title by which it is now universally known, and which translates as On Administering

540-452: The emperor makes a point that he has avoided convoluted expressions and "lofty Atticisms " on purpose, so as to make everything "plain as the beaten track of common, everyday speech" for his son and those high officials with whom he might later choose to share the work. It is probably the extant written text that comes closest to the vernacular employed by the imperial palace bureaucracy in 10th-century Constantinople. In 1892 R. Vari planned

570-465: The end of the text, in chapter 51. In this text his son Romanus II is never designated as a self-sustained ruler. Thus, the whole De Administrando Imperio must have been written while Constantine VII was still alive. It is said that De Administrando Imperio was written between 948 and 952. Chapters 27, 29, and 45 of the work support that view. Chapter 29 says, "now (today) is the VII indiction,

600-618: The heterogeneous empire as well as fighting foreign enemies. The work combines two of Constantine's earlier treatises, "On the Governance of the State and the various Nations" ( Περὶ Διοικήσεως τοῦ Κράτους βιβλίον καὶ τῶν διαφόρων Ἐθνῶν ), concerning the histories and characters of the nations neighbouring the Empire, including the Hungarians , Pechenegs , Kievan Rus' , South Slavs , Arabs , Lombards , Armenians , and Georgians ; and

630-596: The imperial authorities; until December 944, when the sons of Emperor Romanos I suddenly rebelled and cloistered their father. Constantine VII, with the help of his supporters, cloistered his brothers-in-law, and personally ruled by the Eastern Roman Empire from January 945 to his death in November 959. Constantine's father, Leo was known for his learning and writings, and, correctly or not, Constantine VII also believed that his mother, Zoe Karbonopsina ,

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660-449: The imperial palace, with fixed stations and rules for ritual actions and acclamations from specified participants (the text of acclamations and processional troparia or kontakia , but also heirmoi and stichera are mentioned), among them also ministers, senate members, leaders of the "Blues" and the "Greens" during the hippodrome's horse races who had an important role during court ceremonies. The following chapters (84-95) are taken from

690-484: The ruler of Constantinople, but Alexander died in 913. Constantine VII was too young to rule on his own, and the governorship was created. Later in May 919 Constantine VII married Helena Lekapene , daughter of Romanos Lekapenos. In December 920, Romanos I Lekapenos (920–944) was crowned a co-emperor, but he really took over the imperial reign in Constantinople . From 920, Constantine VII become increasingly distant from

720-530: The supervision of Basil Lekapenos , the imperial parakoimomenos , and it also contains earlier descriptions of the 6th century. One of the book's appendices are the Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions , a war manual written by Constantine VII for his son and successor, Romanos II . In its incomplete form chapters 1-37 of book I describe processions and ceremonies on religious festivals (many lesser ones, but especially great feasts like

750-531: The use of Constantine's son and successor, the Emperor Romanos II . It is a prominent example of Byzantine encyclopaedism . The emperor Constantine VII "Porphyrogenitus" (905–959) was only surviving son of the emperor Leo VI the Wise (886–912). Leo VI gave the crown to young Constantine VII in 908 and he became the co-emperor. Leo VI died in May 912, and his brother and co-emperor Alexander became

780-696: The work a name, preferring instead to start the text with the standard formal salutation: "Constantine, in Christ the Eternal Sovereign, Emperor of the Romans, to [his] own son Romanos, the Emperor crowned of God and born in the purple ". The language Constantine uses is rather straightforward High Medieval Greek , somewhat more elaborate than that of the Canonic Gospels , and easily comprehensible to an educated modern Greek. The only difficulty

810-473: The work were written in the period 948-952 CE. According to other researchers, De Administrando Imperio was compiled at some point after 952 and before November 959 when Constantine VII died. Still others believe the book just an unfinished manuscript written between about 926 and November 959. In the beginning of the De Administrando Imperio , Constantine VII wrote that the work

840-416: The year 6457 from the creation of the world," and Byzantine year 6457 from the creation of the world corresponds with 948/949 CE. Chapter 45 says, "now (today) is the X indiction, the year from the creation of the world 6460 in the reign of Constantine [VII] and Romanus [II] ," and Byzantine year 6460 from the creation of the world corresponds with 951/952 CE. From this, it would appear that some parts of

870-624: Was a relative of the chronicler Theophanes the Confessor , one of the Middle Byzantine Historians. Constantine VII was a scholar-emperor, who sought to foster learning and education in the empire. He gathered a group of educated people and dedicated himself to writing books about the administration, ceremonies, and history of the empire. A circle of educated people formed around Constantine VII wrote three unfinished books ( De Administrando Imperio , De Ceremoniis and On

900-500: Was a set of knowledge which his son Romanos II (born in 938, and ruled 959–963) will need. The intention of Emperor Constantine VII to write a manual for his successor, Romanos II, reduces the possibility that large untruths have been written. Therefore, De Administrando Imperio is one of the most important sources for the study of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) and its neighbors. It contains advice on ruling

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