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44-871: Coordinates : 36°25′20″N 6°08′49″W  /  36.42231°N 6.14694°W  / 36.42231; -6.14694 Museum in Chiclana de la Frontera, Andalusia, Spain Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes Location Chiclana de la Frontera , Spain [REDACTED] Coordinates 36°25′20″N 6°08′49″W  /  36.42231°N 6.14694°W  / 36.42231; -6.14694 [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Location of Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes [ edit on Wikidata ] [REDACTED] The matador, Francisco Montes Reina. Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes

88-459: A cylinder seal impression found in level VII at Alalakh ( Old Babylonian period, 19th or 18th century BC) showing two acrobats performing handstands on the back of a bull, with an ankh sign placed between them, another seal belonging to a servant of Shamshi-Adad I (c. 1800 BC), besides other Syrian examples. Furthermore, a relief vase was discovered in Hüseyindede in 1997, dating to

132-543: A prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with the full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used

176-446: A ban to the sport, resulting in the court banning it several times over the past years . However, with protest from the people against the ban, a new ordinance was made in 2017 to continue the sport. A similar but even more dangerous tradition of non-violent bull-leaping, recortes , is practiced in some parts of Spain. Specialist toreros (bullfighters), known as recortadores , compete at dodging and leaping over bulls without

220-679: A little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against

264-416: A location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of

308-538: A longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it is 15.42 m. On the WGS   84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly,

352-700: A national cartographical organization include the North American Datum , the European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS   84 differs at Greenwich from

396-872: A simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS   84, also known as EPSG:4326 ), the default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by

440-503: A year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of the melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS   80 or WGS   84 spheroid at sea level at

484-586: Is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan ⁡ β = b a tan ⁡ ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS   80 and WGS   84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!}

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528-418: Is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system

572-1094: Is a motif in Middle Bronze Age figurative art, especially in Minoan art , and what are probably Minoan objects found in Mycenaean Greece , but it is also sometimes found in Hittite Anatolia , the Levant , Bactria and the Indus Valley . It is often interpreted as a depiction of a rite performed in connection with bull worship . Younger (1995) classifies bull-leaping depictions in Bronze Age Aegean art as follows: The Type III depictions are often found in Late Minoan IIIB art (14th to 13th centuries BC). The Minoan frescoes from Tell el-Daba ( Avaris , Egypt) dating to

616-547: Is a term for various types of non-violent bull fighting . Some are based on an ancient ritual from the Minoan civilization involving an acrobat leaping over the back of a charging bull (or cow). As a sport it survives in Spain , with bulls, as recortes ; in modern France , usually with cows rather than bulls, as course landaise ; and in Tamil Nadu , India with bulls as Jallikattu . Ritual leaping over bulls

660-477: Is called jallikattu, sallikkattu, eru thazhuvuthal and manju virattu . It is a traditional spectacle in which a bull, such as the Pulikulam or Kangayam breeds, is released into a crowd of people, and multiple human participants attempt to grab the large hump on the bull's back with both arms and hang on to it while the bull attempts to escape. Participants hold the hump for as long as possible, attempting to bring

704-763: Is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Bull-leaping Bull-leaping ( Ancient Greek : ταυροκαθάψια , taurokathapsia )

748-539: Is located in Chiclana de la Frontera , in the province of Cádiz , Andalusia , southwestern Spain . Situated on San Agustín Street, the bullfighting museum is dedicated to the matador Francisco Montes Reina (1805–1851), nicknamed "Paquiro", who was born in this town. He is considered the most important 19th century bullfighter, because of his skill at the sport, on foot or on horseback. The bullfighting displays include pieces of great historical and artistic value. It

792-544: Is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at

836-549: Is that the iconography represents a ritual sport and/or performance in which human athletes—both male and female —literally vaulted over bulls as part of a ceremonial rite. This ritual is hypothesized to have consisted of an acrobatic leap over a bull, such that when the leaper grasped the bull's horns, the bull would violently jerk its neck upwards, giving the leaper the momentum necessary to perform somersaults and other acrobatic tricks or stunts. Barbara Olsen, associate professor of Greek and Roman Studies at Vassar College, adds that

880-753: Is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as the French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines

924-689: Is traditionally known as the course landaise , although usually aggressive cows are used instead of bulls. They are the female stock of the fighting bulls bred for the corrida in Spain . However, once per year bulls are used, in the Festival of Art and Courage. The town of Mont-de-Marsan in Gascony is renowned for its fine sauteurs or 'leapers' and écarteurs ('dodgers') dressed in brocaded waistcoats. They compete in teams, attempting to use their repertoire evasions and acrobatic leaps to avoid

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968-405: Is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires a datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations

1012-530: The 18th dynasty (16th to 14th centuries BC) show similar designs besides genuinely Egyptian motifs, for which reason they have often been ascribed to Minoan-taught Egyptian craftsmen rather than to Minoan ones directly, though this is disputed. They could also have been included as palace decorations because the palace was built for an Aegean princess diplomatically married to a Hyksos pharaoh. Other examples of bull-leaping scenes have been found in Syria , such as

1056-653: The Hittite Old Kingdom (18th to 15th centuries BC). Bull-leaping is thought to have been a key ritual in the religion of the Minoan civilization in Bronze Age Crete . As in the case of other Mediterranean civilizations, the bull was the subject of veneration and worship . Representation of the Bull at the palace of Knossos is a widespread symbol in the art and decoration of this archaeological site. The assumption, widely debated by scholars,

1100-494: The Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In the 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from

1144-512: The Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and

1188-1673: The Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) Media Films Books L'Écho taurin Mexican Hayride (musical) The Story of Ferdinand Ferdinand the Bull (film) Ferdinand (film) Related Bull wrestling Bovine sports Bous al carrer Camel wrestling Combat de Reines Rodeo [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] Commons [REDACTED] Wiktionary Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Museo_Municipal_Taurino_Francisco_Montes&oldid=1251043959 " Categories : Museums in Andalusia Museums established in 2003 Bullfighting in Spain Chiclana de la Frontera Sports museums in Spain Biographical museums in Spain Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description with empty Wikidata description Coordinates on Wikidata Articles with infoboxes completely from Wikidata Articles with Spanish-language sources (es) Official website not in Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS )

1232-549: The bull to a stop. In some cases, participants must ride long enough to remove flags on the bull's horns. Jallikattu is typically practised in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu as a part of Pongal celebrations on Mattu Pongal day, which occurs annually in January. As there were incidents of injury and death associated with the sport, both to the participants and to the animals forced into it, animal rights organizations have called for

1276-1619: The bulls Spanish-style bullfighting Tōgyū Toro de fuego Toro embolado Tourada à corda Vaquejada Sites Bullrings by country Argentina Colombia Ecuador France Mexico Morocco Mozambique Peru Portugal Spain Uruguay Venezuela Other venues Route of the Bull Animals Bulls Got Islero Miura bull Murciélago Spanish Fighting Bull Ratón Horses Andalusian horse Lusitano People Roles Alguacilillo Bullfighter Forcado Picador Rejoneador Rodeo clown Individual bullfighters By name List of bullfighters List of female bullfighters Ordóñez family Romero family By country American British Colombian French Mexican Mozambican Peruvian Portuguese Puerto Rican Romanian Spanish Equipment Estoc Montera Muleta Traje de luces Organizations Institutions California Academy of Tauromaquia Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes Anti-bullfighting Animal Welfare Board of India AnimaNaturalis Anti-Bullfighting City CAS International Equanimal People for

1320-404: The cow's charges. The cow is typically guided by the use of a long rope attached to its horns, so that it runs directly at the performers and is restrained from trampling or goring them should they miss a trick. Although there is little to no risk to the cow in this form of contest, it is a highly dangerous sport for the human participants; a prominent competitor from Montois , Jean-Pierre Rachou,

1364-464: The far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana ,

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1408-415: The length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand the distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get

1452-481: The motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to) the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on

1496-523: The one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112   m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120   m to 180   m. Points on the Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm

1540-535: The proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with the International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and

1584-430: The same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because the location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection

1628-664: The same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding the length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text

1672-486: The shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for a region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using

1716-536: The sport was probably not especially dangerous for participants. "From the images it looks like they [leaped over the bulls] successfully—the Minoans tend not to give us too much violent imagery, so the bull-leaping usually ends pretty well," but the goring scene on the "boxer's rhyton" found in Hagia Triada suggests that injuries were not unknown. Bull-leaping is still practiced in southwestern France, where it

1760-464: The surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of a point on Earth's surface

1804-445: The width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!} is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi }

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1848-1165: Was acquired by the city to improve the historical and artistic quality of the municipal bullfighting museum. There are four rooms: bullfighting origins, Paquiro and his time, contemporary bullfighting, and the bull and the arts. The museum's garden is used for book presentations, press conferences, weddings and small concerts. It is closed on Sundays. References [ edit ] ^ "MUSEO MUNICIPAL TAURINO "FRANCISCO MONTES PAQUIRO" " . guiadecadiz.com . Retrieved 15 January 2012 . ^ "Museum Taurino, Francisco Montes "Paquiro" in Chiclana de la Frontera, Costa de la Luz, Cádiz, Andalucia, Spain" . chiclana.costasur.com . Retrieved 15 January 2012 . External links [ edit ] (in Spanish) Official website v t e Bullfighting Types, styles, and events Bull-leaping Bull wrestling Corraleja Course landaise Don Tancredo Feria (festival) Feria d'Arles Guanniu Jallikattu Portuguese-style bullfighting Running of

1892-611: Was inaugurated in 2003 and founded by Pedro Leal Aragon who for seven years collected objects, souvenirs and bullfighting implements. One of its first events was a group show of the artists Antonio Vela, Carlos Quevedo, and Paloma Garcia. After a renovation, it re-opened in June 2005 with miniature models of the bullring in Ronda , a head bust of Paquiro , and an original painting by Antonio Cavanna.The expansion also housed Spain's most important bullfighting collection, Collection Sagnier , which

1936-458: Was killed in 2001 when he fell on his head after being hit by a cow. The courses landaises are held from March to October on the occasion of festivals in many cities and villages, including Nogaro , Mont-de-Marsan , Dax , Castelnau-d'Auzan , and many other places. There are also national championships. Bull-leaping is also practised in Tamil Nadu state of India by the Tamil people , and

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