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132-487: A large number of characters appear in the Moomin series by Tove Jansson . The original Swedish names are given with the etymologies and word associations suggested by Yvonne Bertills in her 2003 dissertation. Moomintroll ( Swedish : Mumintrollet – invented mumin + troll, "troll"; also simply Moomin) is the protagonist of most of the books. In the cartoon strip Moomintroll finds himself beset by endless problems. He

264-606: A dragonlike , gigantic monster (the second largest creature in the world – only his brother is larger) who pays for people's funerals if he accidentally treads on them. He is generally bad tempered because of this. He accidentally aids the launch of the Oshun Oxtra ( Ocean Orchestra ), a boat invented by Moominpappa's childhood friend, Hodgkins, by sitting in a river bed. ( Swedish ) – the rather bitter stage rat ( teaterråtta ) in Moominsummer Madness . She helps

396-407: A longitudinal study using middle-childhood aged children and observed the way in which the parents contributed to stereotypical attitudes in their kids. In their study the experimenters analysed two different types of families, one with the same sex siblings, and the other with different sex siblings, as well as the children's birth order. The experiment was conducted using phone interviews, in which

528-637: A boat in which Moominpappa and his friends travel on their adventures. Hodgkins is called Frederickson in some translations, such as the 1990 animated series . ( Swedish : Spöket – "The Ghost") – a spectre that haunts the Island colonised by Moominpappa in The Exploits of Moominpappa . He is not very good at haunting and gets annoyed when the colonists laugh at him. He takes up knitting to soothe his nerves. ( Swedish : Joxaren , Finnish : Juksu , Swedish verb joxa "fiddle, tinker") – The Joxter

660-447: A close relationship will develop a twin language from infanthood, a language only shared and understood between the two. Studies corroborate that identical twins appear to display more twin talk than fraternal twins. At about 3, twin talk usually ends. Twins generally share a greater bond due to growing up together and being the same age. Half-siblings ( half-sisters or half-brothers ) are people who share one parent. They may share

792-789: A deep rooted belief in prestige and tradition. Nevertheless, after a catastrophe, the Fillyjonk can be freed from the trammels of social expectation and can discover the joys of freedom, irrationality and self-expression. Deep inside she has had a wish to live freely as the Moomin family does, without any worries. Fillyjonks resemble humanoid rodents; they are tall and thin, with long muzzles and raccoon-like rings around their eyes. ( Swedish : Sås-djuret – såsa , "to linger; to loiter" + djur , "animal", Finnish : Sosuli ) – Sniff's mother. Married to Muddler . ( Swedish : Gafsan – gafsa , "chatter; tittle-tattle", Finnish : Louska ) – not much

924-404: A factor in jealousy, as the better the relationship the less jealous feelings occurred and vice versa. Sibling conflict is pervasive and often shrugged off as an accepted part of sibling dynamics. In spite of the broad variety of conflict that siblings are often involved in, sibling conflicts can be grouped into two broader categories. The first category is conflict about equality or fairness. It

1056-420: A family competes to define who they are as persons and want to show that they are separate from their siblings. Sibling rivalry increases when children feel they are getting unequal amounts of their parents' attention, where there is stress in the parents' and children's lives, and where fighting is accepted by the family as a way to resolve conflicts. Sigmund Freud saw the sibling relationship as an extension of

1188-478: A girl referred to simply as "the Mymble's Daughter" ( Swedish : Mymlans dotter ), who appears to be the eldest of the Mymble's children, and helps her mother with child care for her younger brothers and sisters. In later books and in the comic strips, the Mymble's Daughter comes to be known as just "the Mymble". She appears again as a relatively minor character in Moominsummer Madness , Moominland Midwinter and

1320-533: A golden anklet. She changes color according to her mood, with her baseline color in the books described as pale yellow. Snorks are almost identical to Moomins except that Snorks come in different colors (Moomins are white), have hair on their heads, and their fur changes color depending on their mood. Snorkmaiden is known as Fraulein in the Japanese dub of the 1990s animated series. (Fraulein means "Miss" in German, but

1452-504: A home in which everyone in the family shares and expresses love and happiness. Implicit theories about relationships are associated with the ways children think of strategies to deal with a new situation. Children can fall into two categories of implicit theorizing. They may be malleable theorists and believe that they can affect change on situations and people. Alternatively, they may be fixed theorists, believing situations and people are not changeable. These implicit beliefs determine both

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1584-707: A letter to Paul Ariste , an Estonian linguist, Jansson wrote in 1973 that she had created the word moomintroll to expresses something soft: She came up with an ad hoc Swedish word mumintroll , because, in her opinion, the consonant sound of m in particular conveys a sensation of softness . As an artist, Jansson gave the Moomins a shape that also expresses softness, as opposed to flabbiness. The Moomin stories concern several eccentric and oddly-shaped characters, some of whom are related to each other. The central family consists of Moominpappa , Moominmamma and Moomintroll . Other characters, such as Hemulens , Sniff ,

1716-417: A limited number of times and, therefore, large chunks of a chromosome are shared or not shared at one time. In fact, the mean DNA fraction shared is 50.28% with a standard deviation of 3.68%, meaning approximately 1/4 of sibling pairs share more than 52.76% of their DNA, while 1/4 share less than 47.8%. There is a very small chance that two half-siblings might not share any genes if they didn't inherit any of

1848-501: A mostly positive reception from both fans and critics. Snufkin serves as the main protagonist in the 2024 video game Melody of Moominvalley . ( Swedish : Lilla My – my , " micron , mu ") is a small, determined and fiercely independent Mymble. When she wants something done, she does it straight away. She is very aggressive and totally disrespectful, but can be a good friend. She is Snufkin's half-sister and first appeared in The Exploits of Moominpappa , in which her small stature

1980-526: A noticeable impact. Anthropologist Edvard Westermarck found that children who are brought up together as siblings are desensitized to sexual attraction to one another later in life. This is known as the Westermarck Effect . It can be seen in biological and adoptive families, but also in other situations where children are brought up in close contact, such as the Israeli kibbutz system and

2112-544: A number that Jansson herself was involved in. The earliest production was a 1949 theatrical version of Comet in Moominland performed at Åbo Svenska Teater . In the early 1950s, Jansson collaborated on Moomin-themed children's plays with Vivica Bandler . By 1958, Jansson began to become directly involved in theater as Lilla Teater produced Troll i kulisserna ( Troll in the wings ), a Moomin play with lyrics by Jansson and music composed by Erna Tauro . The production

2244-438: A park keeper in The Exploits of Moominpappa . Joxter is the lover of The Mymble (elder). ( Swedish : Isfrun , Finnish : Jäärouva – "The Ice-Lady") – a very creepy, beautiful lady who brings winter to Moominvalley. Looking into her eyes will freeze you, turning you into ice. She is also referred to as "The Great Cold" ( Swedish : den Stora Kölden – "The Great Cold", Finnish : Suuri Pakkanen – "The Great Frost") and

2376-417: A place in the family as the new sibling. Most of the behaviors can be improved within a few months. The University of Michigan Health System advises that most occurrences of regressive behavior are mild and to be expected; however, it recommends parents to contact a pediatrician or child psychologist if the older child tries to hurt the baby, if regressive behavior does not improve within 2 or 3 months, or if

2508-593: A random element to it, and these two concepts are different. Consanguinity decreases by half for every generation of reproductive separation through their most recent common ancestor. Siblings are 50% related by consanguinity as they are separated from each other by two generation (sibling to parent to sibling), and they share two parents as common ancestors ( ( 1 2 ) 2 + ( 1 2 ) 2 {\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}+\left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}} ). A fraternal twin

2640-734: A result of birth order however is the most notable. Older siblings often become role models of behaviour, and younger siblings become learners and supervisees. Older siblings are at a developmental advantage both cognitively and socially. The role of birth order also depends greatly and varies greatly on family context. Family size, sibling identification, age gap, modeling, parenting techniques, gender, class, race, and temperament are all confounding variables that can influence behaviour and therefore perceived behaviour of specific birth categories. The research on birth order does have stronger correlations, however, in areas such as intelligence and physical features, but are likely caused by other factors other than

2772-572: A small Moomin-themed playground there. First announced in 2013, a new Moomin theme park, Metsä , was opened in March 2019 at Lake Miyazawa, Hannō. There are two zones: the free Metsä Village area, comprising lakefront restaurants and shops set among natural activities, and the Moominvalley Park section offering attractions like Moominhouse and an art museum. The theme park has become very popular, with more than one million visitors during

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2904-730: A social triangle of relationships which do not require a third person. The social triangle involves the relationships between the jealous individual and the parent, the relationship between the parent and the rival, and the relationship between jealous individual and the rival. First-borns' attachment to their parents is directly related to their jealous behaviour. In a study by Volling, four classes of children were identified based on their different responses of jealousy to new infant siblings and parent interactions. Regulated Exploration Children : 60% of children fall into this category. These children closely watch their parents interact with their newborn sibling, approach them positively and sometimes join

3036-464: A substantial role throughout life and an even larger role during early years. Half-siblings are 25% related by consanguinity as they share one parent and separated from each other by two generations ( ( 1 2 ) 2 {\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}} ). A person may share more than the standard consanguinity with their sibling if their parents are related (the coefficient of inbreeding

3168-407: A thunderstorm, when they can cause electrical burns. Hattifatteners grow from seeds, but only if this seed is sown on Midsummer Eve. ( Swedish : Hemul – hemul , a legal term, "authority or warrant for something (n.), entitled (adj.)", cf. also adjective ohemul "un-hemul"; "improper, unreasonable") ( In Swedish "Hemulen" means "the hemul" ) – Hemulens feature frequently in the books. One of them

3300-398: A unique type of relationship. The emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, birth order , personality , and personal experiences outside the family. Medically, a full-sibling is a first-degree relative and a half-sibling is a second-degree relative as they are related by 50% and 25%, respectively. The word sibling

3432-482: A very depressed and paranoid female character. In comics and picture books, she is usually the Moomin family's domestic help. Misabel has her only novel appearance in Moominsummer Madness , in which she is not a domestic help, but shows up to be a good actress. She is sometimes the owner of Sorry-oo. It has been said that Misabel's initial reaction to anyone talking to her is fear of them complaining about

3564-414: A woman has children with a man and his son. In the first case, the children are half-siblings as well as first cousins; in the second, the children are half-siblings as well as an avuncular pair. They are genetically closer than half-siblings but less genetically close than full-siblings, a degree of genetic relationship that is rare in humans and little-studied. One notable example of three-quarter siblings

3696-407: Is Moominpappa's old friend and father of Snufkin. He is described as worry-free and so lazy that he described his perfect life as: “sitting in a fruit tree, eating fruit as it grows”. He appears beige in colour and has water-clear eyes. He has forebodings throughout the book telling his friends of danger. Joxter also shares his son’s dislike of authority figures stating that their family was at war with

3828-414: Is a "moomin" – a little white troll with a hippopotamus-like big round snout. Moomin is very close with Snorkmaiden . They have a very sweet and romantic relationship in the early books. However, later on he and Snorkmaiden are not seen together as often and after ‘ Moominland Midwinter ’ Moomin refers to Snorkmaiden as a friend. How their relationship is portrayed varies between adaptations. For example,

3960-529: Is a four-part work based on the Moomin compositions of composer and producer Heikki Mäenpää. It was created on the basis of the original Moomin works for the Tampere Art Museum. Twenty new Moomin songs were produced in Finland by Timo Poijärvi and Ari Vainio in 2006. This Finnish album contains no original lyrics by Jansson. However, it is based on the novel, Comet in Moominland , and adheres to

4092-575: Is a powerful magician who travels the Universe with his flying panther, looking for the King's Ruby. His top hat is found in the Lonely Mountains by Moomintroll, Snufkin and Sniff, who take it back to Moominhouse. Chaos ensues, as anything you put inside the hat is transformed. Moomintroll himself is changed into a tarsier by the hat when he uses it to hide in during a game. The hat also changes

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4224-414: Is a relative that shares at least one parent with the other person. A male sibling is a brother , and a female sibling is a sister . A person with no siblings is an only child . While some circumstances can cause siblings to be raised separately (such as foster care ), most societies have siblings grow up together. This causes the development of strong emotional bonds , with siblinghood considered

4356-512: Is a sibling and, therefore, is related by 50% consanguinity. Fraternal twins are no more genetically similar than regular siblings. As identical twins come from the same zygote, their most recent common ancestor is each other. They’re genetically identical and 100% consanguineous as they’re separated by zero generations ( ( 1 2 ) 0 {\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{0}} ). Twin studies have been conducted by scientists to examine

4488-635: Is a term for the degree of affection and companionship shared by siblings. Sibling warmth seems to have an effect on siblings. Higher sibling warmth is related to better social skill and higher perceived social competence. Even in cases where there is a high level of sibling conflict if there is also a high level of sibling warmth then social skills and competence remain unaffected. The saying that people "fight like siblings" shows just how charged sibling conflict can be and how well recognized sibling squabbles are. In spite of how widely acknowledged these squabbles can be, sibling conflict can have several impacts on

4620-486: Is also linked to an increase in more risky behavior including: smoking cigarettes, skipping days of school, contact with the police, and other behaviors in Caucasian sibling pairs with the exception of firstborns with younger brothers. Except for the elder brother in this pair sibling conflict is positively correlated with risky behavior, thus sibling conflict may be a risk factor for behavioral problems. A study on what

4752-637: Is an avid stamp collector, and another is an avid skier. In Finn Family Moomintroll , "un-Hemulenish" ( ohemul ) contains a sense of "unwarranted, unjustified". Other characters frequently find the Hemulens annoying or overwhelming, as they can be somewhat loud, bossy, abrasive and insensitive, but they are well-intentioned and usually have other redeeming qualities. Hemulens first appear in Comet in Moominland , featuring one who collect insects and another collecting stamps. The stamp collecting hemulen reappear in

4884-509: Is based on the 1990 TV series, where Moomintroll is the game's protagonist. The player goes through six different stories throughout the duration of the game. Two video games were released for Nintendo DS , one exclusive to Japan. Moomin Tani no Okurimono was released in Japan on November 19, 2009. The game was never released in Finland or elsewhere than Japan and China. On November 3, 2021,

5016-578: Is based on the real outlaw with the same name. A pirate who appears in the 1990 series. ( Swedish : Kungen/Självhärskaren , Finnish : Itsevaltias , Swedish "King"/ "Self-Emperor"; i.e. "autocrat") – the Autocrat in The Exploits of Moominpappa . He owns a fairground full of surprises, sits on a throne and gives a blast on his foghorn when he makes royal proclamations. A female ghost character living in an old manor house . She only appears in

5148-456: Is commonly believed in pop psychology and popular culture to have a profound and lasting effect on psychological development and personality . For example, firstborns are seen as conservative and high-achieving, middle children as natural mediators, and youngest children as charming and outgoing. Despite its lasting presence in the public domain, studies have failed to consistently produce clear, valid, compelling findings; therefore, it has earned

5280-550: Is declined by everyone and everything. Her most prominent appearances are in Finn Family Moomintroll , Moominland Midwinter and Moominpappa at Sea . ( Swedish : hattifnattar – with the first element compare hatta, "dither"; the second element is related to fnatta (omkring), "flutter around"; få fnatt, "go crazy or get excited over something"; poss. fnatt, "squirrel") – small white ghost-like creatures that resemble worn socks. Hattifatteners are always on

5412-542: Is dedicated to exclusively performing the original lyrics and unaltered stories by Tove Jansson. This band is led by Pohjola on piano, with vocalists Mirja Mäkelä and Eeppi Ursin. Independent musical interpretations of the Moomins have been made for the nineties anime , by Pierre Kartner , with translated versions being made including in Poland and the Nordic countries . Their lyrics, however, often contain simple slogans and

List of Moomin characters - Misplaced Pages Continue

5544-485: Is explained as resulting from arrest of growth . ( Swedish : Alissa , Finnish : Aliisa ) – Alice, the Witch's granddaughter. Like the Witch, she first appeared in the animated 1990 series and does not appear in the original stories or comic strips. She likes the Moomins and plays with them on the sly whenever the Witch is otherwise occupied. She is a witch-in-training herself, and develops several magic skills during

5676-445: Is greater than zero). Interestingly, half-siblings can be related by as "three-quarters siblings" (related by 3/8) if their unshared parents have a consanguinity of 50%. This means the unshared parents are either siblings, making the half-siblings cousins , or parent and child, making them half- aunt - uncle and niece - nephew . In practice, full siblings do not share exactly 50% of their DNA, as chromosomal crossover only occurs

5808-579: Is hard to generalize. Children that have parents with a better marital relationship are better at regulating their jealous emotions. Children are more likely to express jealousy when their parents are directing their attention to the sibling as opposed to when the parents are solely interacting with them. Parents who are involved in good marital communication help their children cope adaptively with jealousy. They do this by modelling problem-solving and conflict resolution for their children. Children are also less likely to have jealous feelings when they live in

5940-690: Is known about Gaffsie, except that she is a friend of Fillyjonk. She appears most prominently in The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My as well as in Tales from Moominvalley in the stories "The Fillyjonk who Believed in Disasters" and "The Fir Tree". She is also mentioned in Moominvalley in November . ( Swedish : Onkelskruttet – onkel , "uncle," also used in the meaning "grandfather"; for

6072-594: Is later changed by the Hobgoblin to "the usefulness of everything". ( Swedish : Mymlan – mymla , a slang word used in Tove Jansson's circle, with the meaning "to love"; compare mumla , "to mumble";) – "the Mymble" is a description given to two different characters. In The Exploits of Moominpappa , there is a matriarchal character known as "the Mymble". She is the mother of a very large and unspecified number of children, including Little My , Snufkin , and

6204-483: Is linked to greater conflict levels between children. Parental non-intervention is also linked to higher levels of sibling conflict, and lower levels of sibling warmth. It appears that child-centered parental interventions have the best effect on sibling's relationship with a link to greater levels of sibling warmth and lower levels of sibling conflict. Studies on social skill and personality differences between only children and children with siblings suggest that overall

6336-454: Is mistakenly Englishized as "Floren" in the English subtitles for the series) ( Swedish : Snusmumriken – dialectical snusmumrik or mumrik, "old man who talks carelessly; old codger, old bore; old snuff-taker; snotty or scruffy old man," derived from snus, "snuff, chewing tobacco" + interjection mum, also in mumla "mumble," with pejorative ending -ik) – Moomintroll's best friend, the son of

6468-408: Is not uncommon to see siblings who think that their sibling is favored by their teachers, peers, or especially their parents. In fact it is not uncommon to see siblings who both think that their parents favor the other sibling. Perceived inequalities in the division of resources such as who got a larger dessert also fall into this category of conflict. This form of conflict seems to be more prevalent in

6600-399: Is seen to add complication to the process of courtship. Related through affinity: Not related: Consanguinity is the measure of how closely people are related. Genetic relatedness measures how many genes a person shares. As all humans share over 99% of the same genes, consanguinity only matters for the small fraction of genes which vary between different people. Inheritance of genes has

6732-473: Is slightly depreciatory, used especially for inferior, sick, incompetent or weak persons (the noun often denotes older persons: skröplig gubbe , "weak old man"). But the noun is also used for small beings with supernatural characteristics, particularly in fairy tales.) – Toffle's love-object in Who Will Comfort Toffle? ( Swedish : Misan – misär , "misery"; miserabel , "miserable") –

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6864-854: Is the Moomin Theme Park especially for children. Moomin World is located on the island of Kailo beside the old town of Naantali , near the city of Turku in Western Finland . The blueberry-coloured Moomin House is the main attraction; tourists are allowed to freely visit all five stories. It is also possible to see the Hemulen's yellow house, Moominmama's kitchen, the Fire Station, Snufkin's Camp, Moominpappa's boat, etc. Visitors may also meet Moomin characters there. Moomin World opens for

6996-428: Is the family of American aviator Charles Lindbergh , who fathered children with two German sisters, Brigitte and Marietta Hesshaimer. Diblings , a portmanteau of donor sibling, or donor-conceived sibling, or donor-sperm sibling, are biologically connected through donated eggs or sperm . Diblings are biologically siblings though not legally for the purposes of family rights and inheritance. The anonymity of donation

7128-532: Is the only character that the Groke is genuinely afraid of. The mameluke ( Swedish : mameluk ) is a type of large fish that first appears in Finn Family Moomintroll , in which Snork manages to catch one during a fishing trip. The mameluke is also featured in episode 62 of the 1990 animated series, in which the Witch saves Little My from being swallowed by it. It is also featured in an episode of

7260-591: The Oedipus complex , where brothers were in competition for their mother's attention and sisters for their father's. Evolutionary psychologists explain sibling rivalry in terms of parental investment and kin selection : a parent is inclined to spread resources equally among all children in the family, but a child wants most of the resources for him or herself. Jealousy is not a single emotion. The basic emotions expressed in jealous interactions are fear , anger , relief, sadness , and anxiety. Jealousy occurs in

7392-646: The Polish – Austrian puppet animation TV series , The Moomins , which was broadcast and became popular in an edited form in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Two feature films re-use the footage of the Polish-Austrian series: Moomin and Midsummer Madness had its release in 2008, and in 2010 the Moomins appear in the first Nordic 3-D film production, with the title song by Björk , in Moomins and

7524-478: The 1960s and 1970s, when Tove and Lars Jansson produced a series of Moomin dramas for Swedish Television. The simple, yet effective melodies by Tauro were well received by the theater and TV audiences. The first songs were either sung unaccompanied or accompanied by a pianist. While the most famous Moomin songs in Scandinavia are undoubtedly "Moomintroll's Song" and "Little My's Song", they appear in no context in

7656-401: The 1990 animated series shows him consistently, if shyly, returning her affections. His best friend is Snufkin . Snufkin is inspired by Atos Wirtanen , Tove Jansson ’s close friend and at one point, fiancé. Moomintroll is also an author avatar for Jansson, meaning the two characters were based on real-life lovers. Because of this real-life parallel, their relationship is sometimes examined in

7788-432: The 1990s, a comic book version of Moomin was produced in Scandinavia after Dennis Livson and Lars Jansson's animated series was shown on television. Neither Tove nor Lars Jansson had any involvement in these comic books; however, in the wake of the series, two new Moomin comic strips were launched under the artistic and content oversight of Lars and his daughter, Sophia Jansson-Zambra . Sophia now provides sole oversight for

7920-623: The 2019 series, as Moominpappa exaggerates his fishing story with Moomintroll. The green-haired Mermaid appears only in the animated 1990 series, in Episode 20 of Season 2. ( Swedish : Skruttet – also as a common noun, det lilla knyttet/skruttet , "the little creep"; skrutt , a noun with "various meanings, although with one common feature, that is something small or something weak, rubbish ( skräp , "garbage"), trash or core, which in turn also suggests something quite insignificant and worthless, about to be thrown away. When referring to persons, it

8052-533: The Comet Chase . The animated film titled Moomins on the Riviera is based on Moomin comic strip story Moomin on the Riviera and was first released on 10 October 2014 in Finland and made its premiere on 11 October 2014 at BFI London Film Festival in United Kingdom. In an October 2014 blog article at Screendaily , Sophia Jansson states that the film's "artistic team has made an effort to be true to

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8184-667: The Comet Chase (2010). The lyrics were written by the Icelandic writer Sjón . In 2010, Russian composer Lex Plotnikoff (founder of symphonic metal band Mechanical Poet ) released a new-age music album Hattifatteners: Stories from the Clay Shore , accompanied by photos of moomin characters models by photographer/sculptor Tisha Razumovsky. Due to copyright issues, the album was later re-released as Mistland Prattlers , with references to Moomins removed. Several stage productions have been made from Jansson's Moomin series, including

8316-483: The Moomin family understand what a theater is and also collaborates with Moominpappa on his play, The Lion's Brides . Before she introduces herself, the family refers to her as Theprop (the prop) after a misunderstanding. ( Swedish : Filifjonkan – no semantic meaning, but with the first element compare filibuffare "joker", filidera , "make bad noise", and with the second, fjompa/fjanta/fjolla + -an = "silly/foolish/fussy woman") The first Fillyjonks we hear of are

8448-531: The Moominhouse by Tove Jansson historian Ant O'Neill was premiered in a reading at the ArchWay With Words literary festival on 25 September 2017. The books and comic strips have been translated from their original Swedish and English respectively into many languages. The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My is the first Moomin book to be adapted for iPad . The Moomins also appeared in

8580-479: The Moominhouse into a sort of jungle. The Hobgoblin has a quite intimidating appearance, but is friendly. ( Swedish : Fredriksson – "Frederickson", a common family name) – an inventor and childhood friend of Moominpappa ( The Exploits of Moominpappa ). He is Muddler's uncle and thus Sniff's great-uncle. He builds the Oshun Oxtra (misspelling of Ocean Orchestra in English, known as Haffsårkestern in Swedish),

8712-573: The Moomins was located at Scandinavia House , New York City , from November 11, 2006, till March 31, 2007. Akebono Children's Forest Park ( あけぼの子どもの森公園 , Akebono Kodomo no Mori Kōen ) , also called "Moomin Valley", is a Moomin themed park for children in Hannō, Saitama in Japan that opened in July, 1997. Tove Jansson had already in the 1970s given her personal permission to the city of Hannō to build

8844-540: The Snork Maiden , Snufkin and Little My are accepted into or attach themselves to the family group from time to time, generally living separate lives in the surrounding Moominvalley , where the series is set, and in which the Moomin family decides to live at the end of The Moomins and the Great Flood . Critics have interpreted various Moomin characters as being inspired by real people, especially members of

8976-712: The Summer season. On December 26, 2020, the underground Moomin Ice Cave theme park was opened 30 meters underneath the Spa Hotel Vesileppis in Leppävirta (56 kilometres (35 mi) south of Kuopio ). The Moomin Ice Cave includes Moomin-themed ice sculptures , downhill skiing and other activities for families with children. The Moominvalley of the Tampere Art Museum is a museum devoted to

9108-564: The actual position of birth. Some research has found that firstborn children have slightly higher IQs on average than later born children. However, other research finds no such effect. It has been found that first-borns score three points higher compared to second borns and that children born earlier in a family are on average, taller and weigh more than those born later. However, it is impossible to generalize birth order characteristics and apply them universally to all individuals in that subgroup. (Blake, 1981) provide three potential reasons for

9240-408: The age group 10–15 reported the highest level of competition between siblings. Sibling rivalry can continue into adulthood and sibling relationships can change dramatically over the years. Approximately one-third of adults describe their relationship with siblings as rivalrous or distant. However, rivalry often lessens over time and at least 80% of siblings over age 60 enjoy close ties. Each child in

9372-663: The animated 1990 series. ( Swedish : den som bor under diskbänken ) – a small furry creature that lives under the sink in Moomin House. He only appears in Moominland Midwinter and becomes known to Moomintroll when he wakes up during the long winter hibernation undertaken by the whole Moominfamily. Moomintroll tries to strike up a conversation with him by complimenting on his rather bushy eyebrows, but only succeeds in upsetting him. ( Swedish : dronten Edward – dronten , "dodo", Finnish : drontti Edvard ) –

9504-481: The arrival of the second child. While siblings will still love each other, it is not uncommon for them to bicker and be malicious to each other. Children are sensitive from the age of 1 year to differences in parental treatment and by 3 years they have a sophisticated grasp of family rules and can evaluate themselves in relation to their siblings. Sibling rivalry often continues throughout childhood and can be very frustrating and stressful to parents. One study found that

9636-418: The author's family, and Tove Jansson spoke in interviews about the backgrounds of, and possible models for, her characters. The first two books about the Moomins ( The Moomins and the Great Flood and Comet in Moominland ) were published in 1945 and 1946 respectively, and deal with natural disasters; they were influenced by the upheavals of war and Jansson's depression during the war years. The reception of

9768-515: The beginning of Finn Family Moomintroll in which he is depressed, as he has every stamp on the face of earth and has lost his purpose in life. Later on, he finds a new purpose: to collect plants (this is the main hemulen character featured in the animated 1990 series). A female Hemulen raised Moominpappa in an orphanage, and later Moominpappa met her aunt, who looked confusingly like her ( Swedish : Trollkarlen – "The Wizard") – appearing in Finn Family Moomintroll (Swedish: Trollkarlens hatt), he

9900-454: The book, it is still often criticized as a biased and incomplete account of the whole picture of siblings and birth order. Because it is a novel, the research and theories proposed throughout were not criticized and peer-reviewed by other academics before its release. Literature reviews that have examined many studies and attempted to control for confounding variables tend to find minimal effects for birth order on personality. In her review of

10032-463: The cave Sniff discovers in order to get some peace. There is an unfortunate accident, however: in Finn Family Moomintroll , Moomintroll has hidden the Hobgoblin's hat there; anything you put in the Hobgoblin's hat becomes transformed, and the Muskrat gets a nasty shock when he puts his false teeth in it to keep the sand out of them. He enjoys reading a book entitled "the uselessness of everything" which

10164-554: The character Too-Ticky in Moominland Midwinter . Moomintroll and Little My have been seen as psychological self-portraits of the artist. The Moomins, generally speaking, relate strongly to Jansson's own family – they were bohemian , lived close to nature and were very tolerant towards diversity . Moominpappa and Moominmamma are often seen as portraits of Jansson's parents Viktor Jansson and Signe Hammarsten-Jansson . Most of Jansson's characters are on

10296-444: The child's way of demanding the parents' love and attention. The arrival of a new baby is especially stressful for firstborns and for siblings between 3 and 5 years old. In such situations, regressive behavior may be accompanied by aggressive behavior, such as handling the baby roughly. All of these symptoms are considered to be typical and developmentally appropriate for children between the ages of 3 and 5. While some can be prevented,

10428-579: The comic Moomin on the Riviera . Aunt Hemulen is a sister to Mr. Hemulen, only featured in Episode 4 of Season 2 of the animated 1990 series. Aunt Jane (in Finnish Mimmi-täti ) is the rich and cranky sister of Moominpappa's mother who appeared in the comic Moomin and Family Life . She is also featured in Episode 27 of the animated 1990 series. Billy the Kid appears only in the 1990 series, in Episode 17 of Season 2. He lives in "Cowboy Country" and

10560-616: The comic strips, and is a significant character in Moominvalley in November and in The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My . Moomin In all, nine books were released in the series, together with five picture books and a comic strip , between 1945 and 1993. The Moomins have inspired numerous television series , films, and two theme parks: Moomin World in Naantali , Finland , and Akebono Children's Forest Park in Hannō, Saitama , Japan . There are two different stories of how

10692-486: The context of queer theory . Moomintroll was initially called "snork". Jansson described him as her alter ego. The character has a mostly positive reception from critics. The asteroid 58345 Moomintroll was named in his honor. Moominmamma ( Swedish : Muminmamman ) – the mother of Moomintroll. She is very nurturing and calm. She is almost never without her handbag, which contains essentials like woolly socks, tummy powder, and bark. She makes bark boats every summer, and

10824-605: The elder Mymble and the Joxter , and half-brother to the Mymble's daughter and Little My . Snufkin wears old green clothes and a wide-brimmed hat that he has had since birth. He lives in a tent, smokes a pipe, and plays the harmonica . He is based on Tove Jansson's ex-fiancé Atos Wirtanen who was also known to wander. He lives a nomadic lifestyle, only staying in Moominvalley in the spring and summer, but leaving for warmer climates down south every winter. The character has

10956-421: The encouragement of physical conflict between siblings. Parental non-intervention included techniques in which the parent ignores the siblings' conflict and lets them work it out between themselves without outside guidance. In some cases, this technique is chosen to avoid situations in which the parent decides which sibling is in the right and may favor one sibling over the other, however, by following this technique

11088-404: The experimenters would ask the children about the activities they performed throughout their day outside of school. The experimenters found that in the homes where there were mixed gender kids, and the father held traditional values, the kids also held traditional values and therefore also played gender based roles in the home. In contrast, in homes where the father did not hold traditional values,

11220-590: The first one goes to her favorite. Moominpappa ( Swedish : Muminpappan ) – orphaned in his younger years, he is a somewhat restless soul who left the orphanage to venture out into the world in his youth, but has now settled down. His eagerness to try new things often sets a story in motion. He usually wears a black top-hat. ( Swedish : Snorkfröken – snorkig , "snooty, snotty"; fröken , "Miss") – Moomintroll's fair lady friend and admirer. She does fall in love with others sometimes, but returns to Moomintroll before things get too serious. She has blonde hair and sports

11352-742: The first three months in 2019. As of January 2019, there are 20 Moomin Shops around the world, offering an extensive range of Moomin-themed goods. Finland, home of the Moomins, has three stores. There are two stores in the UK, one in the US, six in Japan. China and Hong Kong each have one store. There are three in South Korea and three in Thailand. One store exists in Kraków, Poland. Half-sister A sibling

11484-401: The first two Moomin books was lukewarm at first; the second book got a little more attention than its predecessor, but its sales figures were still poor. The third book, Finn Family Moomintroll , which was the first Moomin book translated into English, became the first international bestseller. Tove Jansson's life partner was the graphic artist Tuulikki Pietilä , whose personality inspired

11616-483: The flaws and inconsistencies in birth order research eliminate its validity. It is very difficult to control solely for factors related to birth order, and therefore most studies produce ambiguous results. Embedded into theories of birth order is a debate of nature versus nurture. It has been disproved that there is something innate in the position one is born into, and therefore creating a preset role. Birth order has no genetic basis. The social interaction that occurs as

11748-469: The form of comic strips . Their first appearance was in 1947 in the children's section of the Ny Tid newspaper, and they were introduced internationally to English readers in 1954 in the popular London newspaper The Evening News . Tove Jansson drew and wrote all the strips until 1959. She shared the work load with her brother Lars Jansson until 1961; after that he took over the job until 1975 when

11880-622: The higher scoring of older siblings on IQ tests: Robert Zajonc proposed that the intellectual environment within a family is ever-changing due to three factors, and therefore more permissive of first-born children's intellectual advancement: In 1996, interest in the science behind birth order was re-sparked when Frank Sulloway ’s book Born To Rebel was published. In this book, Sulloway argues that firstborns are more conscientious, more socially dominant, less agreeable, and less open to new ideas compared to later-borns. While being seemingly empirical and academic, as many studies are cited throughout

12012-405: The house chores were divided more equally among his kids. However, if fathers had two male children, the younger male tended to help more with household chores, but as he reached his teenage years the younger child stopped being as helpful around the house. However, education may be a confounder affecting both the father's attitude and the siblings' behavior, and the mother's attitudes did not have

12144-633: The infant and the parent. They are anxious to explore the new environment as they tend to seek little comfort from their parents. Anxious -Clingy Children : 6% of children fell into this category. These children have an intense interest in parent-infant interaction and a strong desire to seek proximity and contact with the parent, and sometimes intrude on parent-child interaction. Disruptive Children : 2.7% of children fall into this category. These children are emotionally reactive and aggressive. They have difficulty regulating their negative emotions and may be likely to externalize it as negative behaviour around

12276-543: The intensity of their jealous feelings, and how long those jealous feelings last. Malleable Theorists display engaging behaviours, like interacting with the parent or sibling in an attempt to improve the situation. They tend to have more intense and longer-lasting feelings of jealousy because they spend more time ruminating on the situation and constructing ways to make it better. Fixed Theorists display non-engaging behaviours, for example retreating to their room because they believe none of their actions will affect or improve

12408-519: The interaction. They show fewer behaviour problems in the months following the new birth and do not display problematic behaviours during the parent-infant interaction. These children are considered secure as they act how a child would be expected to act in a familiar home setting with their parents present as secure bases to explore the environment. Approach-Avoidant Children : 30% of children fall into this category. These children observe parent-infant interaction closely and are less likely to approach

12540-608: The last strip was released. Drawn & Quarterly , a Canadian graphic novel publisher, released reprints of all The Evening News strips created by both Tove and Lars Jansson beginning in October 2006. The first five volumes, Moomin: The Complete Tove Jansson Comic Strip have been published, whilst the sixth volume, published in May 2011, began Moomin: The Complete Lars Jansson Comic Strip . The 2015 publication Moomin: The Deluxe Anniversary Edition collected all of Tove's work. In

12672-489: The late theatre director in Moominsummer Madness (the Emma the stage rat is his widow) and the young Fillyjonk who joins the Snork Maiden in the late night jaunt to the wishing well. Later we meet the psychological study of the "Fillyjonk Who Believed In Disasters" ( Tales from Moominvalley ). Not a single moment of fantasy or joy, only duties and discipline; she is an extremely methodical person tied down with principles and has

12804-550: The laws of intestate succession , with half-siblings taking only half as much property of their intestate siblings' estates as siblings of full-blood. Unequal treatment of this type has been wholly abolished in England , but still exists in Florida. Three-quarter siblings share one parent, while the unshared parents are first-degree relatives to each other, for example, if a man has children with two women who are sisters, or

12936-417: The move and travel the sea in large groups (but always in odd numbers), such as boat convoys. They meet every year on a lonely island. Their only goal in life is to reach the horizon. They may communicate using telepathy. The Hattifatteners cannot see very well, but their sense of touch is very strong, and they can feel ground vibrations and electricity. Hattifatteners assemble once a year when they "recharge" in

13068-477: The music is written in a children's pop music style and contrast sharply with the original Moomin novels and Jansson's pictorial and descriptive, yet rhyming lyricism, as well as Erna Tauro's Scandinavian-style songs ( visor ), which are occasionally influenced by Kurt Weill . A Moomin opera was written in 1974 by the Finnish composer Ilkka Kuusisto ; Jansson designed the costumes. Musicscapes from Moominvalley

13200-582: The music-themed adventure game Snufkin: Melody of Moominvalley was announced. The game features Snufkin as the protagonist, as he attempts to restore harmony within Moominvalley. The game is developed by Norwegian-based indie game company Hyper Games. The game's soundtrack features music from Icelandic post-rock band Sigur Rós , taken from their 2002 album ( ) . The game was released for Steam and Nintendo Switch in 2024. Moomin World ( Muumimaailma in Finnish, Muminvärlden in Swedish)

13332-402: The necessary relationship between the parent and younger sibling. Older children are also better at self-regulating their emotions and are less dependent on their caregivers for external regulation as opposed to their younger siblings. Younger siblings' feelings of jealousy are overpowered by feelings of anger. The quality of the relationship between the younger child and the older child is also

13464-521: The newborn. Children are more jealous of the interactions between newborns and their mothers than they are with newborns and their fathers. This is logical as up until the birth of the infant, the first-born child had the mother as their primary care-giver all to themselves. Some research has suggested that children display less jealous reactions over father-newborn interactions because fathers tend to punish negative emotion and are less tolerant than mothers of clinginess and visible distress, although this

13596-547: The novels. The original songs by Jansson and Tauro remained scattered after their initial release. The first recording of the complete collection was made in 2003 by composer and arranger Mika Pohjola on the Moomin Voices CD ( Muminröster in Swedish), as a tribute to the late Tove Jansson. Tauro had died in June 1993 and some of Jansson's last lyrics were composed by Pohjola in cooperation with Jansson's heirs. Pohjola

13728-559: The original drawings and the original text". The Moomin novels describe the musical activities of the Moomins, particularly those of Snufkin, his harmonica with "trills" and "twiddles". All Moomin characters sing songs, often about their thoughts and themselves. The songs often serve as core statements of the characters' personalities. This music was heard outside Moominvalley after they went live on theater stage in Stockholm . Director Vivica Bandler told Jansson in 1959: "Listen, here

13860-400: The original stories. The songs are performed by Samuli Edelmann , Sani, Tommi Läntinen , Susanna Haavisto and Jore Marjaranta and other established Finnish vocalists in the pop/entertainment genre. The same twenty compositions are also available as standalone multimedia CD postcards. The Icelandic singer Björk has composed and performed the title song (Comet Song) for the film Moomins and

13992-469: The original works of Tove Jansson. It contains around 2,000 works. The museum is based on the Moomin books and has many original Moomin illustrations by Tove Jansson. The gem of the collection is a blue five-storey model of the Moominhouse, which had Tove Jansson as one of its builders. As a birthday present, the 20-year-old museum received a soundscape work based on the works of Tove Jansson, called Musicscapes from Moominvalley. An interactive playroom about

14124-436: The outcome to the children, and make sure that they are mediating the argument making suggestions, allowing the children to decide the outcome. This may be especially important when some of the children have autism. Techniques in which parents encourage physical aggression between siblings may be chosen by the parents to help children deal with aggression in the future, however, this technique does not appear to be effective as it

14256-399: The parent may sacrifice the opportunity to instruct their children on how to deal with conflict. Child-centered parental interventions include techniques in which the parent mediates the argument between the two children and helps them come to an agreement. Using this technique, parents may help model how the children can deal with conflicts in the future; however, parents should avoid dictating

14388-411: The parents have other questions or concerns. "Sibling rivalry" is a type of competition or animosity among brothers and sisters. It appears to be particularly intense when children are very close in age or of the same gender. Sibling rivalry can involve aggression ; however, it is not the same as sibling abuse where one child victimizes another. Sibling rivalry usually starts right after, or before,

14520-675: The people want songs". The earlier version of the play was cast in Helsinki with no music. Helsinki based pianist and composer Erna Tauro was commissioned to write the songs to lyrics by Jansson. The first collection consisted of six Moomin Songs ( Sex muminvisor ): Moomintroll's Song ( Mumintrollets visa ), Little My's Song ( Lilla Mys visa ), Mrs. Fillyjonk's Song ( Fru Filifjonks sång ), Theater Rat Emma's Words of Wisdom ( Teaterråttan Emmas visdomsord ), Misabel's Lament ( Misans klagolåt ) and Final Song ( Slutsång ). More songs were published in

14652-417: The presence of a sibling does not have any effect on the child as an adult. There have always been some differences between siblings, especially different sex siblings. Often, different sex sibling may consider things to be unfair because their brother or sister is allowed to do certain things because of their gender, while they get to do something less fun or just different. McHale and her colleague conducted

14784-653: The quality of her work. ( Swedish : Rådd-djuret – rådda "to fuss or muddle or mess about" + djur , "animal") – The nephew of Hodgkins and Sniff's father. A rather untidy and confused individual who collects buttons of all sorts and lives in the coffee tin where he keeps the buttons. Married to Fuzzy . ( Swedish : Bisamråttan ) – a philosopher who believes in the pointlessness of things and reads Spengler , appears in Comet in Moominland and Finn Family Moomintroll . The Moomin children annoy him by putting hairbrushes in his bed and such like. He eventually takes to living in

14916-510: The remainder can be improved within a few months. Regressive behavior may include demand for a bottle, thumb sucking, requests to wear diapers (even if toilet-trained), or requests to carry a security blanket . The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that instead of protesting or telling children to act their age, parents should simply grant their requests without becoming upset. The affected children will soon return to their normal routine when they realize that they now have just as important

15048-544: The roles that genetics and environment play in the development of various traits. Such studies examine how often identical twins possess the same behavioral trait and compare it to how often fraternal twins possess the same trait. In other studies twins are raised in separate families, and studies compare the passing on of a behavioral trait by the family environment and the possession of a common trait between identical twins. This kind of study has revealed that for personality traits which are known to be heritable , genetics play

15180-587: The same chromosomes from their shared parent. This is possible for full-siblings as well, though even more unlikely. But because of how homologous chromosomes swap genes (due to chromosomal crossover during meiosis ) during the development of an egg or sperm cell, however, the odds of this ever actually occurring are practically non-existent. Birth order is a person's rank by age among his or her siblings. Typically, researchers classify siblings as "eldest", "middle child", and "youngest" or simply distinguish between "first-born" and "later-born" children. Birth order

15312-512: The same mother but different fathers (in which case they are known as uterine siblings or maternal half-siblings ), or they may have the same father but different mothers (in which case, they are known as agnate siblings or paternal half-siblings . In law, the term consanguine is used in place of agnate). In law (and especially inheritance law), half-siblings have often been accorded treatment unequal to that of full-siblings. Old English common law at one time incorporated inequalities into

15444-661: The scientific literature, Judith Rich Harris suggests that birth order effects may exist within the context of the family of origin, but that they are not enduring aspects of personality. In practice, systematic birth order research is a challenge because it is difficult to control for all of the variables that are statistically related to birth order. For example, large families are generally lower in socioeconomic status than small families, so third-born children are more likely than first-born children to come from poorer families. Spacing of children, parenting style, and gender are additional variables to consider. Regressive behaviors are

15576-442: The second element, see under Miffle, Finnish : Ruttuvaari ) – an old man who appears in Moominvalley in November . He is quite old and somewhat senile. He uses a cane and owns many pairs of glasses that he carries with him in a basket. ( Swedish : Mårran – morra "to growl; to grumble", Finnish : Mörkö – " bogeyman ; bugbear ") – cold and ghost-like, anything she touches will freeze. She seeks friendship and warmth, but

15708-570: The series, most notably walking on water, underwater-breathing, and running at lightning speed. ( Swedish : Förfadern , Finnish : Esi-isä ) – the Moomintrolls are descended from small, shaggy trolls living in tiled stoves. One of those is still dwelling in the Moomin family's bathing house cupboard and stove. He is called the Ancestor and makes appearances in Moominland Midwinter and Moominvalley in November . Minor character from

15840-487: The sibling pair. It has been shown that increased levels of sibling conflict are related to higher levels of anxiety and depression in siblings, along with lower levels of self-worth and lower levels of academic competence. In addition, sibling warmth is not a protective factor for the negative effects of anxiety , depression , lack of self-worth and lower levels of academic competence. This means that sibling warmth does not counteract these negative effects. Sibling conflict

15972-472: The situation. They tend to have less intense and shorter lasting feelings of jealousy than malleable theorists. Older children tend to be less jealous than their younger sibling. This is due to their ability to mentally process the social situation in a way that gives them more positive, empathetic feelings toward their younger sibling. Older children are better able to cope with their jealous feelings toward their younger sibling due to their understanding of

16104-419: The strips. The story of the Moomins has been made into television series on many occasions by various groups, possibly the most well known of which is a Japanese – Dutch collaboration, that has also produced a feature-length film . However, there are also two Soviet serials, puppet animation Mumi-troll ( Moomintroll ) and cutout animation Shlyapa Volshebnika ( Magician's Hat ) of three parts each, and

16236-456: The term moomintroll was invented. On one occasion, Jansson explained that the term mumintroll was originally coined during her childhood by her uncle: to deter the young Jansson from taking food from his pantry, the uncle told her that it was inhabited by "cold moomintrolls", which would come out of the corners and rub their noses against Jansson if she came to steal food. The mysterious creatures would then follow Jansson as she grew up. In

16368-559: The title of a pseudo-psychology amongst the scientific psychological community. The theorizing and study of birth order can be traced back to Francis Galton 's (1822–1911) theory of birth order and eminence and Alfred Adler 's (1870–1937) theory of birth order and personality characteristics. In his book English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture (1874), Galton noted that prominent composers and scientists are over-represented as first-borns. He theorized three main reasons as to why first-borns are generally more eminent: Today,

16500-692: The topic of the fight was (invasion of personal domain or inequality) also shows that the topic of the fight may have a result on the effects of the conflict. This study showed that sibling conflict over personal domain were related to lower levels of self-esteem, and sibling conflict over perceived inequalities seem to be more related to depressive symptoms. However, the study also showed that greater depressive and anxious symptoms were also related to more frequent sibling conflict and more intense sibling conflict. Techniques used by parents to manage their children's conflicts include parental non-intervention, child-centered parental intervention strategies, and more rarely

16632-508: The verge of melancholy , such as the always formal Hemulen , or the strange Hattifatteners , who travel in concerted, ominous groups. Jansson uses the differences between the characters' philosophies to provide a venue for her satirical impulses. The books in the series, in order, are: All of the books in the main series except The Moomins and the Great Flood (Originally: Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen ) were translated and published in English between 1951 and 1971. This first book

16764-456: The younger sibling. The second category of conflict involves an invasion of a child's perceived personal domain by their sibling. An example of this type of conflict is when a child enters their sibling's room when they are not welcome, or when a child crosses over into their sibling's side of the car in a long road trip. These types of fights seem to be more important to older siblings due to their larger desire for independence. Sibling warmth

16896-605: Was a success, and later performances were held in Sweden and Norway, including recently at the Malmö Opera and Music Theatre in 2011. Mischief and Mystery in Moominvalley, a production created by Get Lost and Found which included puppetry and a giant pop-up book set, toured the UK from 2018, with runs at London's Southbank Centre, Kew Gardens and the Manchester Literature Festival. This production

17028-717: Was also the arranger of all songs for a vocal ensemble and chamber orchestra. All voices were sung by Åland native vocalist, Johanna Grüssner . The same recording has been released in a Finnish version in 2005, Muumilauluja . The Finnish lyrics were translated by Kirsi Kunnas and Vexi Salmi . The Swedish and Finnish recordings of Moomin Voices, and their respective musical scores, have been used as course material at Berklee College of Music in Boston , Massachusetts. The Moomin Voices Live Band (aka. Muumilauluja-bändi )

17160-496: Was eventually translated into English in 2005 by David McDuff and published by Schildts of Finland for the 60th anniversary of the series. A later 2012 version of the same translation, featuring Jansson's new preface to the 1991 Scandinavian printing, was published in Britain by Sort of Books , and was more widely distributed. There are also five Moomin picture books by Tove Jansson: The first official translation of Villain in

17292-532: Was reintroduced in 1903 in an article in Biometrika , as a translation for the German Geschwister , having not been used since Middle English, specifically 1425. Siblings or full-siblings ([ full ] sisters or brothers ) share the same biological parents. Full-siblings are also the most common type of siblings. Twins are siblings that are born from the same pregnancy. Often, twins with

17424-481: Was written by Emma Edwards and Sophie Ellen Powell with puppets and set designed and made by Annie Brooks. In 1997, Muumit ja Taikurin hattu  [ fi ] ( The Moomins and the Hobgoblin's Hat ) was developed by Norsk Strek AS and published by WSOY , later Nordic Softsales. It was only released for the PC . In 2000, Moomin's Tale , developed and published by Sunsoft , was released for Game Boy Color . The game

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