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145-538: Gravity Falls is an American mystery comedy animated television series created by Alex Hirsch for Disney Channel and Disney XD . The series follows the adventures of Dipper Pines ( Jason Ritter ) and his twin sister Mabel ( Kristen Schaal ), who are sent to spend the summer with their great-uncle (or "Grunkle") Stan (Hirsch) in Gravity Falls, Oregon , a mysterious town full of paranormal incidents and supernatural creatures. The kids help Stan run

290-567: A Gravity Falls short was released on the Disney Channel YouTube channel called "Call Me Maybe Parody". In the short, Mabel sings "Call Me Mabel", a parody of Carly Rae Jepsen 's " Call Me Maybe ". The short was released as a part of a series called "Broken Karaoke" where various Disney characters sing parodies of pop songs. On October 3, 2021, the television show The Simpsons aired the episode " Bart's in Jail! " which featured

435-472: A counterculture and avant garde perspective. Corrigan held his position until 1972, when he was fired and replaced by then board member William S. Lund, Walt Disney's son-in-law, as the Institute approached insolvency. The period between 1972 and 1975 was extremely unstable financially, and Lund had to make significant operational reductions, including layoffs, the pausing of some degree programs, and

580-517: A tourist trap called the "Mystery Shack". Things are not what they seem in this small town, and with the help of a mysterious journal that Dipper finds in the forest, they begin unraveling the town's mysteries each day. With Wendy Corduroy, Mystery Shack cashier; Soos Ramirez, a friend of Dipper and Mabel and handyman to Grunkle Stan; plus an assortment of other characters, Dipper and Mabel always have an intriguing day to look forward to. Main series Shorts Other specials Prior to working on

725-466: A 2,000-piece jigsaw puzzle that took several days to complete with someone almost always working on it. On August 3, 2016, the statue was found in a forest in Reedsport, Oregon . While the first ones to the statue received various prizes, Hirsch made it clear that the hunt itself was the real treasure. On August 3, the statue was removed by authorities due to a property dispute and was temporarily held at

870-411: A bachelor's from CalArts is -$ 80,000; however, this metric appreciates to $ 630,000 40 years after graduation. In 2011, Newsweek / The Daily Beast listed CalArts as the top school for arts-minded students. The ranking was not aimed to assess the country's best school, but rather to assess campuses that offer an exceptional artistic atmosphere. CalArts' various schools are consistently featured in

1015-420: A brief cameo of Bill Cipher as one of Loki 's many incarnations, voiced by Alex Hirsch in a guest role. Several former storyboard artists and production crew members who worked on Gravity Falls have gone on to create their own series and movies, including Matt Braly (a former director and storyboard artist who went on to create Amphibia ), Dana Terrace (a former storyboard artist who went on to direct on

1160-399: A career in music. Thurston Moore and Kim Gordon, members of the band Sonic Youth , remarked in an interview with VH1 about the band Liars , of which Angus Andrew and Julian Gross are CalArts luminaries. Moore's initial remarks were: "There's this whole world of young people who [think] everything's allowed. What Liars are doing right now is completely crazy. I saw them the other night and it

1305-512: A character story that actually uncovers, explores, or pushes tension—on something our characters care about—that is properly explored via the magic or monster or impossibility of the week." B- and A-stories were created and were given to a writer to produce an outline , which was then subsequently checked-off by Hirsch for feedback. The writer produced a draft from these edits, where more notes may have been given. Hirsch stated that he and creative director Mike Rianda may have personally created

1450-481: A crime scene with no indication as to how the intruder could have entered or left, i.e., a locked room. Following other conventions of classic detective fiction, the reader is normally presented with the puzzle and all of the clues, and is encouraged to solve the mystery before the solution is revealed in a dramatic climax. California Institute of the Arts The school was first envisioned by many benefactors in

1595-422: A different perspective on theater. Rushkoff believed in blurring the line between performer and audience, and questioned the traditional theater model, which he viewed as imposing a sense of inevitability and confirming established order. He saw this as cultural propaganda, creating problems in the first act and solving them in the last. In addition to his dissatisfaction with the traditional theater model, Rushkoff

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1740-451: A draft for themselves before a final script was produced, in which the dialogue from the draft received from the writer was significantly revised; Hirsch stated that the revising process "is not a discredit to our writers—it's just we have a very particular vision. In particular, I usually rewrite almost all of Dipper's dialogue and most of Mabel's dialogue, just because I have them in my head. Me and Mike will stay up for about 24 hours prior to

1885-756: A feeder school for the various arts industries. To lead this project they appointed Robert W. Corrigan as the first president of the institute. The original board of trustees at CalArts included Nelbert Chouinard, Lulu May Von Hagen, Harrison Price , Royal Clark , Robert W. Corrigan , Roy E. Disney , Roy O. Disney , film producer Z. Wayne Griffin, H. R. Haldeman , Ralph Hetzel (then vice president of Motion Picture Association of America ), Chuck Jones , Ronald Miller, Millard Sheets , attorney Maynard Toll, attorney Luther Reese Marr, bank executive G. Robert Truex Jr., Jerry Wexler , Meredith Willson , Peter McBean and Scott Newhall (descendants of Henry Newhall ), Mrs. Roswell Gilpatric , and Mrs. J. L. Hurschler. In 1965,

2030-437: A kid. When Hirsch was around Dipper's age, he "would record [him]self and play it backwards and try to learn to speak backwards". Hirsch described himself as "that neurotic kid who would carry 16 disposable cameras everywhere I went". Mabel Pines was inspired by his twin sister, Ariel Hirsch. According to Alex Hirsch, just like Mabel, his sister "really did wear wacky sweaters and have a different ridiculous crush, every week." In

2175-515: A monitor in a darkened gallery at CalArts [...]". In the LA Weekly op-ed piece "The Kids Aren't All Right: Is over-education killing young artists?", published in 2005, curator Aaron Rose wrote about an observed trend he recognized in Los Angeles's most esteemed art schools and their MFA programs, including CalArts. He uses the example of Supersonic, "a large exhibition ... that features

2320-595: A new angle on the investigation, so as to bring about a final outcome different from the one originally devised by the investigators. In the legal thriller, court proceedings play a very active, if not to say decisive part in a case reaching its ultimate solution. Erle Stanley Gardner popularized the courtroom novel in the 20th century with his Perry Mason series. Contemporary authors of legal thrillers include Michael Connelly , Linda Fairstein , John Grisham , John Lescroart , Paul Levine , Lisa Scottoline and Scott Turow . Many detective stories have police officers as

2465-656: A new planned community in the Santa Clarita Valley of Los Angeles. However, construction of the new campus was hampered by torrential rains, labor shortages, and the Sylmar Earthquake in 1971 . As a result, the first combined campus for the Institute started at the former Villa Cabrini Academy (now the home of Woodbury University ) in July 1970. CalArts moved to its new campus in Valencia , now part of

2610-584: A one-hour finale, " Weirdmageddon 3: Take Back the Falls ". Hirsch later stated that he remains open to continuing the series with additional episodes or specials, with the story continued in written form with the 2016 replica of Journal 3 , the 2018 graphic novel Gravity Falls: Lost Legends and the 2024 adult audience-focused novel The Book of Bill . Gravity Falls received critical acclaim with praise directed at its writing, characters, voice acting, animation, humor, and multi-generational appeal. Additionally,

2755-689: A preview and officially premiered on September 7, 2012. In Australia and New Zealand it previewed on August 17, 2012, and premiered on September 24, 2012. It also premiered in Southeast Asia on October 27, 2012. In India, it premiered on September 16, 2013. In the Middle East region, the series was previewed on October 19, 2012, and premiered on November 10, 2012. The series preview debuted in Canada on June 15, 2012, and premiered on July 6, 2012, on Family Channel , until January 2016 when it moved to

2900-577: A professional musician and admirer of the institute, established the Alpert Awards in the Arts in collaboration with CalArts and his Herb Alpert Foundation. The foundation provides the funding for the awards and related activity. The institute's faculty in the fields film/new media, visual arts, theatre, dance, and music select artists in their field to nominate an individual artist who is recognized for their innovation in their given medium. Recipients of

3045-504: A residency at CalArts during the following academic year. According to College Scorecard , Calarts has a graduation rate of 65% with the median income in 2020 and 2021 for graduates who matriculated in 2010 and 2011 was $ 41,120. While British magazine Times Higher Education states the salary 10 years after graduation is $ 35500. Center on Education and the Workforce estimates the return on investment 10 years after graduation with

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3190-584: A respect for human reason and the ability to solve problems. Perhaps a reason that mystery fiction was unheard of before the 19th century was due in part to the lack of true police forces. Before the Industrial Revolution , many towns would have constables and a night watchman at best. Naturally, the constable would be aware of every individual in the town, and crimes were either solved quickly or left unsolved entirely. As people began to crowd into cities, police forces became institutionalized, and

3335-483: A second season: Jon Stewart , the former host of The Daily Show (and eventual Gravity Falls guest star), who told Hirsch that his kids loved the show, and Patrick McHale , who created the animated series Over the Garden Wall . McHale had been watching the series and told him: "Look, after that cliffhanger, you've got to finish it." Hirsch decided that he had about ten more episodes left in him, so he went to

3480-499: A show for all ages", while the website's critical consensus for season two reads: " Gravity Falls continues to blend old fashioned storytelling with a modern sense of humor to create a uniquely enjoyable viewing experience." Brian Lowry of Variety stated: "The show has a breezy quality that should play to kids, and tickle some twinges of nostalgia among their parents." Robert Lloyd of the Los Angeles Times referred to

3625-450: A sociological bent, exploring the meaning of his characters' places in society and the impact society had on people. Full of commentary and clipped prose, his books were more intimate than those of his predecessors, dramatizing that crime can happen in one's own living room. The PI novel was a male-dominated field in which female authors seldom found publication until Marcia Muller , Sara Paretsky and Sue Grafton were finally published in

3770-455: A solution achieved by intellect or intuition rather than police procedure, with order restored in the end, honorable characters, and a setting in a closed community. The murders are often committed by less violent tools such as poison and the wounds inflicted are rarely if ever used as clues. The writers who innovated and popularized the genre include Agatha Christie , Dorothy L. Sayers and Elizabeth Daly . The legal thriller or courtroom novel

3915-611: A theater and art gallery in downtown Los Angeles called REDCAT , the Roy and Edna Disney CalArts Theater as part of the Walt Disney Concert Hall in the Los Angeles Music Center . In 2013, CalArts opened its John Baldessari Art Studios, which cost $ 3.1 million to build, and features approximately 7,000 square feet of space for MFA Art students and program courses. In addition to debt, funding for

4060-422: A theater student at CalArts. He saw CalArts as an institution that offered numerous opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration; however, despite the creative atmosphere, the theater school was rooted in tradition, adhering to the classical approach to drama with a focus on crisis, climax, and resolution. Rushkoff, influenced by the experimental theater of the 1970s and 1980s (i.e. Happenings , Fluxus ), had

4205-484: A tribute to Gravity Falls and features Alex Hirsch in a voice role. On September 11, 2020, a short was released on the Disney Channel YouTube channel called "Gravity Falls x Line Rider". The short is based on the Internet game Line Rider . It is the first of a new series of shorts for Disney. Disney partnered with Line Rider artists Mark Robbins, Ben Harvey and David Lu for the series. On September 25, 2020,

4350-414: Is a literary genre that recounts real crimes committed by real people, almost half focusing on serial killers . Criticized by many as being insensitive to those personally acquainted with the incidents, it is often categorized as trash culture . Having basis on reality, it shares more similarities with docufiction than the mystery genre. Unlike fiction of the kind, it does not focus much on the identity of

4495-429: Is a spooky-cute must-watch for adults who never grew out of Halloween." Donna Dickens from Uproxx said "Not only does Gravity Falls deal with the inexplicable supernatural occurrences in the town, the whole thing is just one big puzzle of secrets waiting for fans to uncover and solve." Myles McNutt from The A.V. Club said "With a complex mythology and a deep lexicon of cultural references, there's sophistication to

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4640-439: Is also credited with continuing interest in mystery fiction. Interest in mystery fiction continues to this day partly because of various television shows which have used mystery themes and the many juvenile and adult novels which continue to be published. There is some overlap with "thriller" or "suspense" novels and authors in those genres may consider themselves mystery novelists. Comic books and graphic novels have carried on

4785-447: Is also related to detective fiction. The system of justice itself is always a major part of these works, at times almost functioning as one of the characters. In this way, the legal system provides the framework for the legal thriller as much as the system of modern police work does for the police procedural. The legal thriller usually starts its business with the court proceedings following the closure of an investigation, often resulting in

4930-476: Is considered to be an influence for many animated shows that followed it, and spawns a variety of official merchandise. For their summer vacation, 12-year-old twins Dipper and Mabel Pines are dropped off from their home in Piedmont, California , to the fictitious town of Gravity Falls, Roadkill County, Oregon , to spend the summer with their great uncle Stan Pines (often shortened to Grunkle Stan), who runs

5075-450: Is no crime involved. This usage was common in the pulp magazines of the 1930s and 1940s, whose titles such as Dime Mystery , Thrilling Mystery , and Spicy Mystery offered what were then described as complicated to solve and weird stories: supernatural horror in the vein of Grand Guignol . That contrasted with parallel titles of the same names which contained conventional hardboiled crime fiction. The first use of "mystery" in that sense

5220-450: Is often thought to be his masterpiece. In 1887 Arthur Conan Doyle introduced Sherlock Holmes , whose mysteries are said to have been singularly responsible for the huge popularity in this genre. In 1901 Maurice Leblanc created gentleman burglar, Arsène Lupin , whose creative imagination rivaled the "deduction" of Sherlock Holmes, who was disparagingly included in some Lupin stories under obvious pseudonyms. The genre began to expand near

5365-426: Is on experimental, multidisciplinary, contemporary arts practices, and its stated mission is to enable the professional artists of tomorrow, artists who will transform the world through artistic practice. With these goals in place, the Institute encourages students to recognize the complexity of political, social, and aesthetic questions and to respond to them with informed, independent judgment. Every program within

5510-603: Is one of the first examples of the modern style of fictional private detective. This character is described as an "'Everyman' detective meant to challenge the detective-as-superman that Holmes represented." By the late 1920s, Al Capone and the Mob were inspiring not only fear, but piquing mainstream curiosity about the American crime underworld. Popular pulp fiction magazines like Black Mask capitalized on this, as authors such as Carrol John Daly published violent stories that focused on

5655-555: Is that we find young artists simply emulating their instructors, rather than finding and honing their own aesthetics and points of view about the world, society, themselves. In the beginnings of an artist's career, the power in his or her work should lie not in their technique or knowledge of art history or theory or business acumen, but in what one has to say." Musician and CalArts alumnus Ariel Pink notes in an interview "Unlike other art schools, they didn't focus on skills of any kind, specific color theory or anything like that. They were

5800-511: The California Institute of the Arts when he turned down DreamWorks Animation executive Jeffrey Katzenberg out of a desire to work for Disney. He first coined the concept for the show in an 11-minute low-budget student film that he made at the institute. Hirsch was called in to do a pitch for Disney Channel for a show based on the short pilot. Disney Channel bought the idea and the series premiered on June 15, 2012. The series

5945-629: The Franklin W. Dixon and Carolyn Keene pseudonyms respectively (and were later written by his daughter, Harriet Adams , and other authors). The 1920s also gave rise to one of the most popular mystery authors of all time, Agatha Christie , whose works include Murder on the Orient Express (1934), Death on the Nile (1937), and the world's best-selling mystery And Then There Were None (1939). The massive popularity of pulp magazines in

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6090-565: The Otis College of Art and Design , herself a product of an art school. In a 2005 interview, Moore discussed the book Jack Goldstein and the CalArts Mafia and his conversation with Gordon after reading the book. During their conversation, Moore asked Gordon why she had chosen to attend Otis College of Art and Design instead of CalArts, a school she had always wanted to attend since she grew up in Los Angeles. Gordon explained that she

6235-561: The Roy & Edna Disney CalArts Theatre , part of the Los Angeles Music Center 's new Walt Disney Concert Hall project, to the operations of the Institute. Lavine navigated the 1994 Northridge Earthquake which closed the main building in Valencia at the start of the spring semester. Classes were held in rental party tents on the 60 acre grounds, and alternate teaching locations were scattered miles apart around Los Angeles County. The building

6380-566: The local Disney XD channel following Corus Entertainment 's acquisition of Disney Channel rights in Canada from Family's owner DHX Media . In Australia, the show airs on Disney XD and 7mate while in Chile, the show was broadcast on Canal 13 on November 24, 2013, under its programming block CuBox . In the Philippines, the show was shown on TV5 beginning on May 4, 2014, while in Brazil,

6525-463: The "Mystery Shack", the tourist trap that he owns, while also investigating the local mysteries. The series premiered on June 15, 2012, and ran until February 15, 2016. On November 20, 2015, Hirsch announced that the series would conclude with its second season, stating that this was "100% [his] choice" and that "the show isn't being cancelled – it's being finished" and was reaching its intended conclusion. The series ended on February 15, 2016, with

6670-477: The 1930s and 1940s increased interest in mystery fiction. Pulp magazines decreased in popularity in the 1950s with the rise of television , so much that the numerous titles available then are reduced to two today: Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine and Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine —both now published by Dell Magazines , a division of Crosstown Publications. The detective fiction author Ellery Queen ( pseudonym of Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee )

6815-568: The 2010s. A special preview of the series following the Disney Channel Original Movie Let It Shine was watched by 3.4 million viewers. The series garnered high viewership on its fifth episode, which aired on July 13, 2012, and attracted 3.6 million viewers. On March 15, 2013, the episode "The Deep End" was watched by 4.5 million viewers after the premiere of Wizards of Waverly Place 's The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex , becoming

6960-538: The Alumni Association was founded as a separate organization . The 12 founding board of directors members were Mary Costa , Edith Head , Gale Storm , Marc Davis , Tony Duquette , Harold Grieve , John Hench , Chuck Jones , Henry Mancini , Marty Paich , Nelson Riddle , and Millard Sheets . The ground-breaking for CalArts' current campus took place on May 3, 1969, as part of the Master Plan for

7105-800: The CalArts board of trustees announced on December 13, 2016, that Ravi S. Rajan , then the dean of the School of the Arts at the State University of New York at Purchase , was unanimously selected as president, to begin in June 2017. Over the years the institute has developed experimental interdisciplinary laboratories such as the Center for Experiments in Art, Information, and Technology, Center for Integrated Media, Center for New Performance at CalArts , and

7250-485: The Cotsen Center for Puppetry and the Arts. Some of these experimental labs continue today. CalArts offers various undergraduate and graduate degrees in programs that are related to and combine music, art, dance , film , animation, theater , and writing. Students receive intensive professional training in an area of their creative aspirations without being cast into a rigid pattern. The institute's overall focus

7395-488: The Falls: A Gravity Falls Art Show , on August 6–21, 2016. Creator Alex Hirsch along with other production staff and professional illustrators contributed new and original artwork to this exhibition. Some fans camped out overnight to see the show and some works of art sold for over $ 1,000. On August 8, 2020, Disney Channel aired a Gravity Falls -inspired episode of the show Amphibia titled "Wax Museum". The episode served as

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7540-503: The Institute requires that applicants send in an artist's statement , along with a portfolio or audition to be considered for admission. The institute has never required an applicant's SAT or other test scores, and does not consider an applicant's GPA as part of the admission process without the consent of the applicant . The initial concept behind CalArts' interdisciplinary approach came from Richard Wagner 's idea of Gesamtkunstwerk ("total artwork"), of which Walt Disney himself

7685-817: The Reedsport police department while Hirsch arranged for it to be moved somewhere else. By August 5, the statue temporarily ended up in Bicentennial Park in Reedsport, before being permanently relocated to Confusion Hill in Piercy, California a few weeks later. In celebration of the release of Journal 3 and the end of the Gravity Falls series, Oh My Disney and Cyclops Print Works teamed up with Gallery Nucleus in Alhambra, California to hold an official Gravity Falls art show , titled Farewell to

7830-537: The Tantrums , Fol Chen , London After Midnight , No Doubt , Mission of Burma , Radio Vago , Oingo Boingo , Acetone , Liars , Suburban Lawns , The Mae Shi , The Suburbs , Touché Amoré , and Ozomatli . Individually, Danny Elfman and Grant-Lee Phillips never officially enrolled at CalArts, but participated in the world music courses at CalArts. Elfman would later gain recognition for his composition work with CalArts alum Tim Burton, and Phillips would go onto

7975-428: The animation industry since the early 1990s; its spread outside of the industry is attributed to animator John Kricfalusi . In a now-deleted blog post from 2010 about the film The Iron Giant , Kricfalusi criticized what he saw as young animators subconsciously copying superficial aspects of well-respected animators' work (specifically, late 1950s to 1970s Disney movies) without learning underlying animation skills. As

8120-482: The art program of CalArts by suggesting that the variety of reference that students are exposed to is limited to a certain pantheon. He stated "I can go over to Cal Arts and ask them if they know who John Wesly is, and they would go, 'Huh? What discourse does he participate in?' I am in the art world only insofar as there are interesting things for me to write about. When that stops, or when I stop getting offers to write things, I'll be out." Additionally, Hickey mentioned

8265-563: The artists associated with the Ferus Gallery in the greater Los Angeles area. In 1972, Calarts hosted an exhibition called The Last Plastics Show , which was organized by faculty artist Judy Chicago, Doug Edge, as well as Dewain Valentine . This exhibition included artists such as, Carole Caroompas , Ron Cooper , Ronald Davis , Fred Eversley , Craig Kauffman , Linda Levi , Ed Moses , Barbara T. Smith , and Vasa Mihich . In

8410-578: The autobiography Bad Boy: My Life On and Off the Canvas by CalArts alum Eric Fischl , he describes his experience as a student as "CalArts had such a narrow idea of the New. It was innovation for its own sake, a future that didn't include the past But without foundation, without techniques or a deeper understanding of history, you'd go off these wild explorations and end up reinventing the wheel. And then you'd get slammed for it." Art critic Dave Hickey critiqued

8555-456: The award have a visiting artist residency at CalArts, mentor students, and sometimes premiere work at REDCAT. In 2008, CalArts named the School of Music for Alpert, in recognition of his ongoing support. On June 24, 2015, Lavine announced he would step down as president in May 2017, after 29 years in the position. After an 18-month search which included over 500 candidates, Board Chair Tim Disney and

8700-436: The best-selling author Michael Connelly,"Chandler credited Hammett with taking the mystery out of the drawing-room and putting it out on the street where it belongs." In the late 1930s, Raymond Chandler updated the form with his private detective Philip Marlowe , who brought a more intimate voice to the detective than the more distanced "operative's report" style of Hammett's Continental Op stories. Despite struggling through

8845-516: The characters and story. It's a deliriously strange, fascinating show, with sources of humor and heart that always find a way to surprise. It also helps that the voice work is uniformly fantastic." Collider 's Joel Pesantez said " Gravity Falls exemplifies Disney's ability to appeal to all ages with captivating mysteries and a diverse, relatable cast. The show cleverly blends comedy and horror to keep viewers hooked, pushing boundaries without crossing them." In 2015, Uproxx ranked Gravity Falls as

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8990-588: The city of Santa Clarita, California , in November 1971. Founding CalArts president Corrigan, formerly the founding dean of the School of Arts at New York University , fired almost all the artists who taught at Chouinard and the Conservatory in his attempt to remake CalArts into his new vision. He appointed fellow academic Herbert Blau to be the founding dean of the School of Theatre and Dance, and serve as

9135-588: The complete series as a box set on July 24, 2018, on DVD and Blu-ray Disc. The box set is available in a "Collector's Edition", which includes an exclusive bonus features disc. The complete series has only been released in the United States and Canada. The box set is now out of print. A video game was created for the series, titled Gravity Falls: Legend of the Gnome Gemulets . The game was released exclusively on Nintendo 3DS on October 20, 2015. It

9280-410: The conversation with Bob's Burgers , Rick and Morty , and BoJack Horseman when people discuss the best animated programming of the '10s. It is a beautiful blend of old-fashioned storytelling with a modern sense of humor that never feels like it's talking down to kids. It works for all ages. It sounds cheesy, but the best fiction for kids doesn't hammer them with a message but incorporates it into

9425-399: The crescent-shaped symbol was edited out entirely, leaving a symbol-less fez in the early episodes—later episodes featuring the fish-like symbol were unaffected. However, the crescent symbol remains in the thumbnails, and on the zodiac wheel in the title sequence. Hirsch drew attention to the change on Twitter. Disney has not commented on why it was removed. Sometime later, the symbol on the fez

9570-502: The crime scene. The genre was established in the 19th century. Poe's The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841) is considered the first locked-room mystery; since then, other authors have used the scheme. John Dickson Carr was recognized as a master of the genre and his The Hollow Man was recognized by a panel of 17 mystery authors and reviewers as the best locked-room mystery of all time in 1981. The crime in question typically involves

9715-515: The crime was solved, while mystery fiction concentrates on the identity of the culprit and how the crime was committed, a distinction that separated And Then There Were None from other works of Agatha Christie . A common subgenre of detective fiction is the Whodunit . Whodunits experienced an increase in popularity during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction of the 1920s-1940s, when it was

9860-410: The crime. In the 1940s the police procedural evolved as a new style of detective fiction. Unlike the heroes of Christie, Chandler, and Spillane, the police detective was subject to error and was constrained by rules and regulations. As Gary Huasladen says in his book Places for Dead Bodies , "not all the clients were insatiable bombshells, and invariably there was life outside the job." The detective in

10005-562: The culprit and has no red herrings or clues, but often emphasizes how the culprit was caught and their motivations behind their actions. Cozy mysteries began in the late 20th century as a reinvention of the Golden Age whodunit; these novels generally shy away from violence and suspense and frequently feature female amateur detectives. Modern cozy mysteries are frequently, though not necessarily in either case, humorous and thematic. This genre features minimal violence, sex and social relevance,

10150-860: The decade progressed, the term came to refer to a cartoon aesthetic different from the one Kricfalusi described. Works that have been said to exemplify this version of the "CalArts style" include Adventure Time , Gravity Falls , and Over the Garden Wall , which were from CalArts graduates Pendleton Ward , Alex Hirsch , and Pat McHale respectively, but also the works of many non-CalArts animators, such as Rebecca Sugar 's Steven Universe , Ben Bocquelet 's The Amazing World of Gumball , Justin Roiland & Dan Harmon 's Rick and Morty , Domee Shi 's Academy Award -nominated Turning Red , etc. Detractors claim that because of CalArts' importance to American animation, it often inspires other styles of illustration. American animator Rob Renzetti questioned

10295-408: The delivery of every script. We'll take the weekend, we'll work all night, we'll drink Red Bull , we'll sleep on the couch in shifts like maniacs, we'll slap each other in the face." After a script was delivered, an episode then got translated into a storyboard , where feedback was received from Hirsch to the board artists if a certain element, such as a gag , did not work. Afterwards, a pitch for

10440-459: The detective's attempt to solve the mystery. There may also be subsidiary puzzles, such as why the crime was committed, and they are explained or resolved during the story. This format is the inversion of the more typical "whodunit", where all of the details of the perpetrator of the crime are not revealed until the story's climax. Martin Hewitt , created by British author Arthur Morrison in 1894,

10585-580: The director of the 1984 Olympic Arts Festival . He then founded the Los Angeles Festival, which grew directly out of the proceeds of the 1984 Olympic Games . After 1984, John Orders (the assistant to the president/chief of staff) largely coordinated the institute's operations in partnership with the other leaders. In 1987, Fitzpatrick resigned as president to take the position of head of EuroDisney (now Disneyland Paris ) in Paris, France. During

10730-613: The early 1960s including Nelbert Chouinard , Walt Disney , Lulu Von Hagen, and Thornton Ladd. CalArts students develop their own work, over which they retain control and copyright, in a workshop atmosphere. CalArts was originally formed in 1961, as a merger of the Chouinard Art Institute (founded 1921) and the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music (founded 1883). Both of the formerly existing institutions were going through financial difficulties, and

10875-422: The early 20th century, many credit Ellis Peters 's The Cadfael Chronicles (1977–1994) for popularizing what would become known as the historical mystery. The locked-room mystery is a subgenre of detective fiction. The crime—almost always murder—is committed in circumstances under which it was seemingly impossible for the perpetrator to commit the crime and/or evade detection in the course of getting in and out of

11020-409: The elimination of the School of Design, in order to keep the Institute alive. In 1975, Robert J. Fitzpatrick was appointed president of CalArts. During his presidency, the Institute grew its enrollment and stabilized, renewed its accreditation, and added new programs for which it is known globally today including the programs of Character Animation and Jazz. While President, Fitzpatrick also served as

11165-428: The episode was given to the network, where they did a read-through, and then the episode was either checked out by the network, or retooled in the small amount of time allocated before an animation studio must receive something to work with. The series was animated by Rough Draft Korea , Digital eMation and Yearim Productions . Whenever a sequence was deemed too important for the outside animation studios to realize, it

11310-484: The film The Mitchells vs. the Machines ) Shion Takeuchi (a former writer who went on to create Inside Job ), and Jeff Rowe (a writer on the show who went on to co-write and co-direct The Mitchells vs. the Machines and write and direct Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem ). On July 14, 2017, Hirsch revealed that he and Disney had talked about making a Gravity Falls film. Disney ultimately passed on

11455-474: The finale I thought, this feels like, not just the season finale. It feels like a series finale." Hirsch explained in an interview with The A.V. Club that during the production of season one, a typical episode was conceived in a room reserved for writers, where a simple synopsis was presented, and from then on dramatic structure was defined, and the plot was modified to include a character-driven subplot, which Hirsch expressed as "the hardest thing ... to find

11600-500: The first season of DuckTales and create The Owl House ), Tim McKeon (former writer who went on to create the educational live action shows Odd Squad and Helpsters ), Aury Wallington (a former writer who went on to create Spirit Riding Free and co-written the film Spirit Untamed ), Chris Houghton (a former storyboard artist who went on to create Big City Greens with his brother Shane Houghton), Mike Rianda (a former creative director, and writer who went on to make

11745-491: The following two in February and March 2015, the next eight from July to November 2015, and the finale aired on February 15, 2016. According to Disney XD, as each episode took about six months of work to complete, they opted against stockpiling episodes to show weekly but instead take advantage of the serial nature of the show, broadcasting each episode as it was completed and making an event out of it. On April 2, 2018, reruns of

11890-483: The form again with his detective Lew Archer . Archer, like Hammett's fictional heroes, was a camera eye, with hardly any known past. "Turn Archer sideways, and he disappears," one reviewer wrote. Two of Macdonald's strengths were his use of psychology and his beautiful prose, which was full of imagery. Like other 'hardboiled' writers, Macdonald aimed to give an impression of realism in his work through violence, sex and confrontation. The 1966 movie Harper starring Paul Newman

12035-458: The formative years of the Art School many of the teaching artists led different camps of movements. The two main camps were the conceptualism students, which were led by John Baldasseri, and the fluxus camp, which was led by Allan Kaprow. Kaprow's approach to art was a continuation from his tenure at Rutgers University . Other movements included Light and Space , which was closely related to

12180-525: The founder of the Art Institute, Nelbert Chouinard , was terminally ill. Walt Disney was longtime friends with both Chouinard and Lulu May Von Hagen, the chair of the Conservatory, and discovered and trained many of his studio's artists at the two schools (including Mary Blair , Maurice Noble , and some of the Nine Old Men , among others). To keep the educational mission of the schools alive,

12325-519: The freedom to choose their own adventures. Even in video games with clear-cut goals (i.e. Super Mario , World of Warcraft ), players could derive satisfaction from exploring the game world rather than focusing solely on achieving the official story objectives. A pejorative term, "CalArts style" gained prominence in the late 2010s to describe an animation style allegedly overused on popular American television channels such as Cartoon Network and Disney Channel . The term had reportedly been in use within

12470-565: The highest-rated episode of the series. Later moving on to Disney XD, the episode " A Tale of Two Stans " became the highest-rated telecast ever on Disney XD, with 1.91 million viewers. In addition to total viewers, "A Tale of Two Stans" also set a network record in kids ages 2–11 (1.036 million), boys ages 2–11 (686,000), boys ages 6–11 (574,000), kids ages 6–14 (1.279 million) and boys ages 6–14 (856,000). In 2015, Gravity Falls accounted for Disney XD's top seven regular animated series telecasts of all time among kids ages 6–11. During

12615-683: The institute's first Provost. Blau and Corrigan then hired other academics to found the original academic areas, including Mel Powell (dean of the School of Music), Paul Brach (dean of the School of Art), Alexander Mackendrick (dean of the School of Film), Maurice R. Stein (director of Critical Studies), and Richard Farson (dean of the School of Design), as well as other influential faculty such as Stephan von Huene, Allan Kaprow , Bella Lewitzky , Michael Asher , Jules Engel , John Baldessari , Judy Chicago , Ravi Shankar , Max Kozloff , Miriam Shapiro , Douglas Huebler , Morton Subotnick , Norman M. Klein , and Nam June Paik , most of whom came from

12760-438: The late 1970s and early 1980s. Each author's detective, also female, was brainy and physical and could hold her own. Their acceptance, and success, caused publishers to seek out other female authors. These works are set in a time period considered historical from the author's perspective, and the central plot involves the solving of a mystery or crime (usually murder). Though works combining these genres have existed since at least

12905-447: The main characters. These stories may take a variety of forms, but many authors try to realistically depict the routine activities of a group of police officers who are frequently working on more than one case simultaneously, providing a stark contrast to the detective-as-superhero archetype of Sherlock Holmes. Some of these stories are whodunits; in others, the criminal is known, and the police must gather enough evidence to charge them with

13050-453: The mayhem and injustice surrounding the criminals, not the circumstances behind the crime. Very often, no actual mystery even existed: the books simply revolved around justice being served to those who deserved harsh treatment, which was described in explicit detail." The overall theme these writers portrayed reflected "the changing face of America itself." In the 1930s, the private eye genre was adopted wholeheartedly by American writers. One of

13195-417: The merger and expansion of the two institutions was coordinated; a process which continued after Walt's death in 1966. Joining him in this effort were his brother Roy O. Disney , Nelbert Chouinard, Lulu May Von Hagen and Thornton Ladd (Ladd & Kelsey, Architects). Without Walt, the remaining founders assembled a team and planned on creating CalArts as a school that was a destination, like Disneyland, to be

13340-429: The moment", saying "I don't care how old you are, if you're not watching Gravity Falls you're missing out on some of the cleverest, most enjoyable television you can find". Kayla Cobb of Decider called Gravity Falls "one of the most structurally smart shows ever created". Matt Fowler from IGN called Gravity Falls "a quirky and gently twisted heart-warmer for all ages. Smart, satirical, and sweet. Gravity Falls

13485-412: The nature of an event, usually a murder or other crime, remains mysterious until the end of the story. Often within a closed circle of suspects, each suspect is usually provided with a credible motive and a reasonable opportunity for committing the crime. The central character is often a detective (such as Sherlock Holmes ), who eventually solves the mystery by logical deduction from facts presented to

13630-455: The need for detectives was realized – thus the mystery novel arose. An early work of modern mystery fiction, Das Fräulein von Scuderi by E. T. A. Hoffmann (1819), was an influence on The Murders in the Rue Morgue by Edgar Allan Poe (1841) as may have been Voltaire 's Zadig (1747). Wilkie Collins ' novel The Woman in White was published in 1860, while The Moonstone (1868)

13775-439: The network, who said, "We only take seasons in twenties". So he said, "Okay, one more season, … Before we started the [second] season, it said in my contract, before I put pen to paper, that this is my last season." The studio agreed, under the condition that Hirsch could not tell anyone. As a result, Jason Ritter , who voices Dipper, did not know the series was ending until after he read the finale script, claiming that "when I read

13920-497: The only art school that was totally focused on teaching artists about the art market. They were trying to make the next Damien Hirst . They're trying to make the next Jeff Koons . Those guys don't need to know how to paint or draw." CalArts graduates have joined or started successful pop bands, including: Maryama , Tranquility Bass , The Belle Brigade , The Weirdos , The Swords of Fatima / Buko Pan Guerra , Bedroom Walls , Dawn of Midi , Dirtwire , The Rippingtons , Fitz and

14065-417: The police procedural does the things police officers do to catch a criminal. Writers of the genre include Ed McBain , P. D. James and Bartholomew Gill . An inverted detective story, also known as a "howcatchem", is a plot structure of murder mystery fiction in which the commission of the crime is shown or described at the beginning, usually including the identity of the perpetrator. The story then describes

14210-499: The primary contributors to this style was Dashiell Hammett with his famous private investigator character, Sam Spade . His style of crime fiction came to be known as "hardboiled", which is described as a genre that "usually deals with criminal activity in a modern urban environment, a world of disconnected signs and anonymous strangers." "Told in stark and sometimes elegant language through the unemotional eyes of new hero-detectives, these stories were an American phenomenon." According to

14355-420: The primary style of detective fiction. This subgenre is classified as a detective story where the reader is given clues throughout as to who the culprit is, giving the reader the opportunity to solve the crime before it is revealed. During the Golden Age, whodunits were written primarily by women, however Wilkie Collins ' The Moonstone is often recognized as one of the first examples of the genre. True crime

14500-535: The program as "...gently twisted, with some Disneyfied action and heart-warming folded in". In his review, David Hinckley of New York Daily News called Gravity Falls "quirky and endearing", and offered praise for the character of Mabel Pines. Matt Blum, writing for Wired , favorably compared the show to Cartoon Network 's Regular Show and Disney Channel's Phineas and Ferb , hailing Gravity Falls as "clever, strange, and somewhat poignant". Erik Kain of Forbes called Gravity Falls "the best thing on TV at

14645-522: The project, as the studio felt the show "wasn't big enough to warrant [a film]"; Hirsch stated that he was still interested in the idea. In February 2018, on the second anniversary of the series finale, Hirsch used a cipher to announce Gravity Falls: Lost Legends , a continuation of the Gravity Falls story in a new graphic novel that was later released on July 24, 2018. In an interview with Inverse in March 2021, Hirsch expressed interest in continuing

14790-671: The ratings record previously held by "A Tale of Two Stans" becoming Disney XD's most-watched telecast ever, with 2.47 million viewers in the United States. "Weirdmageddon 3: Take Back The Falls" also established new all-time network highs in kids ages 6–14 (1.5 million/4.1 rating) and boys ages 6–14 (909,000/5.0 rating). The all-day Gravity Falls marathon that preceded the premiere of "Weirdmageddon 3: Take Back The Falls" generated 10.7 million unique total viewers, of which 5.4 million were kids ages 2–14. Marketing for The Book of Bill in January 2024 revealed that Gravity Falls

14935-439: The reader. Some mystery books are non-fiction . Mystery fiction can be detective stories in which the emphasis is on the puzzle or suspense element and its logical solution such as a whodunit . Mystery fiction can be contrasted with hardboiled detective stories, which focus on action and gritty realism. Mystery fiction can involve a supernatural mystery in which the solution does not have to be logical and even in which there

15080-575: The same concept that developed WDI could also be applied to a university setting, where art students of different media would be exposed to and explore a wide range of creative directions. Schools at CalArts include: A113 is a classroom at CalArts where the character animation program (then called the Disney animation program) was originally founded. Many CalArts alumni have inserted references to it in their works (not just animation) as an homage to this classroom and to CalArts. In 2003, CalArts built

15225-567: The search for a President from 1987-88 Nicholas England, the then dean of the School of Music, served as Acting President. In the fall of 1988, Steven D. Lavine , then the Assistant Program Director for the Arts and Humanities of the Rockefeller Foundation , was appointed president. During his time in office Lavine continued to grow enrollment without significantly physically expanding the campus, and added

15370-424: The series Mabel gets a pet pig, just like his sister had always wanted when she was a kid. Grunkle Stan was inspired by Hirsch's grandpa Stan, who according to Hirsch "was a guy that told tall tales and would frequently mess with us to get a rise out of us. So, my family really inspired the characters on the show." In an interview with Oh My Disney , Hirsch claimed he already had the beginning, middle, and end of

15515-692: The series averaged 654,000 viewers and 790,000 in kids ages 2–11. Among boys ages 6–14 it pulled in 680,000 views. That is strong viewership in Disney XD's core demographics, but it also makes it clear that older teens and young adults make up more than half of the show's audience according to Variety . In February 2016, Gravity Falls was the number 1 regular series telecast on record across kids ages 6–11 (1.0 million/4.4 rating), boys ages 6–11 (642,000/5.3 rating), kids ages 2–11 (1.3 million/3.4 rating) and boys ages 2–11 (797,000/4.0 rating). The series finale " Weirdmageddon 3: Take Back The Falls " beat

15660-403: The series won two Emmy Awards , three Annie Awards , and a BAFTA Children's Award , among various other wins and nominations. Gravity Falls garnered high viewership amongst kids, teenagers, and young adults during its run and was Disney XD's highest rated show in 2015 and early 2016, while also setting several ratings records for the network. The series attracts a broad and passionate fandom ,

15805-402: The series, series creator Alex Hirsch's primary inspiration growing up was the popular animated sitcom The Simpsons , where he observed that "animation could be funnier than live-action. That animation didn't have to just be for kids. That it could be satirical and observational and grounded in a sense of character interaction". Hirsch graduated from the California Institute of the Arts , and

15950-594: The show also began airing on Rede Globo on May 10, 2014. In Indonesia, the show premiered on RCTI on August 17, 2014. The symbol on Grunkle Stan's fez was changed from a crescent shape resembling the Islamic crescent to a fish-like symbol mid-way through the first season's broadcast. The symbol represents his membership in the Royal Order of the Holy Mackerel. When the series was released to Disney+ ,

16095-506: The show started airing on Disney Channel, although reruns of the show still air on Disney XD. The series began airing on Disney Channel Canada on September 1, 2015, following Corus Entertainment's acquisition of Disney Channel rights in Canada. In Canada the show began airing on Disney XD starting on December 1, 2015, following the launch of Disney XD. The show started broadcasting in the United Kingdom and Ireland on July 20, 2012, as

16240-490: The show's epic storytelling that immediately drew the attention of a wider audience." Liz Baessler writing for Film School Rejects said " Gravity Falls is an exceptional kids' show — brilliant, hilarious, and carefully crafted." Kevin Tash from Collider called Gravity Falls "one of the greatest things that Disney has ever produced in general". Brian Tallerico from RogerEbert.com said " Gravity Falls deserves to be in

16385-599: The show's influence include LGBT representation and series-long story arcs as opposed to isolated single-episode stories. The show also maintains a loyal and passionate fandom , even years after the series finale. The creator of the show hid a variety of codes, cryptograms, backwards messages, and other secret clues for fans to find in every episode, which often contributed to the show's mysteries and lore. Some have compared Gravity Falls to more adult-oriented mystery shows like Lost , Twin Peaks , and The X-Files . While it

16530-486: The story for Gravity Falls planned out when he first pitched the series. He originally thought the series would "be two or three seasons". However, Hirsch had never created a TV series before and after experiencing how "incredibly draining" it was, he initially wanted to end the series after season one and, ultimately, on a cliffhanger. After the series premiered and became a huge commercial success, Hirsch began to rethink his decision. Two people convinced him to return and do

16675-411: The story of Gravity Falls in the form of a video game that "is really, really in-depth to the lore of the series and includes new canon that has been in the periphery of the series." In June 2024, Disney Television Vice President Meredith Roberts revealed that they were having discussions with Hirsch about the show, adding "never say never". Mystery fiction Mystery is a fiction genre where

16820-400: The studios was partially raised by the sale of artwork donated by School of Art alumni, for whom each studio was then named. The Alpert Award in the Arts was established in 1994 by The Herb Alpert Foundation and CalArts. The Institute annually awards a $ 75,000 no-strings-attached fellowship to five artists in the fields of dance, film and video, music, theatre, and visual arts. Awardees have

16965-449: The success of CalArts' 1970s animation alumni and briefly profiled several (including Jerry Rees , John Lasseter , Tim Burton , John Musker , Brad Bird , Gary Trousdale , Kirk Wise , Henry Selick and Nancy Beiman ) in an article illustrated with a group portrait taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz inside classroom A113 . In the late 1980s, a group of CalArts animation students contacted animation director Ralph Bakshi . As he

17110-740: The task of plotting a story, his cadenced dialogue and cryptic narrations were musical, evoking the dark alleys and tough thugs, rich women and powerful men about whom he wrote. Several feature and television movies have been made about the Philip Marlowe character. James Hadley Chase wrote a few novels with private eyes as the main heroes, including Blonde's Requiem (1945), Lay Her Among the Lilies (1950), and Figure It Out for Yourself (1950). The heroes of these novels are typical private eyes, very similar to or plagiarizing Raymond Chandler's work. Ross Macdonald, pseudonym of Kenneth Millar , updated

17255-491: The then-new Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures television series. In an interview, Craig "Spike" Decker of Spike and Mike's Festival of Animation criticized commercial aspects of the school, saying "A lot of animators come out of CalArts – they could be so prolific, but then they're owned by Disney or someone, and they're painting the fins on the Little Mermaid . You'll never see their full potential." During

17400-516: The third Current Kids Cartoon That Adults Need to be Watching. In 2018, IndieWire ranked Gravity Falls at number 12 on their list of The 50 Best Animated Series Of All Time. In 2019, Yardbarker ranked Gravity Falls at number 21 on their list of The 25 Greatest Animated Shows of All Time. Also in 2019, IGN placed Gravity Falls at Number 19 on their list titled The 25 Best Adult Cartoon TV Series and The A.V. Club placed Gravity Falls at number 48 on their list of The 100 Best TV Shows of

17545-646: The top ten lists of the "best schools" of Art, Film, Animation, Theater, Music, and Dance of publications such as U.S. News , New York Times , The Hollywood Reporter , Variety , and various other news and trade publications. No other single college or university in the world reflects such a high reputation across the full breadth of the many arts and creative industries. Many students who attended CalArts' animation programs have found work at Walt Disney Animation Studios , and several of those went on to successful careers at Disney, Pixar , and other animation studios. In February 2014, Vanity Fair magazine highlighted

17690-437: The tradition, and film adaptations or the even-more-recent web-based detective series, have helped to re-popularize the genre in recent times. Though the origins of the genre date back to ancient literature and One Thousand and One Nights , the modern detective story as it is known today was invented by Edgar Allan Poe in the mid-19th century through his short story, " The Murders in the Rue Morgue ", which featured arguably

17835-466: The turn of the century with the development of dime novels and pulp magazines . Books were especially helpful to the genre, with many authors writing in the genre in the 1920s. An important contribution to mystery fiction in the 1920s was the development of the juvenile mystery by Edward Stratemeyer . Stratemeyer originally developed and wrote the Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew mysteries written under

17980-534: The use of appropriation by students at programs like CalArts. In this, he referenced the VH1 show Pop-Up Video , by which he stated "Creators Tad Low and Woody Thompson should receive honorary MFAs for [Pop Up Video], because grad students worldwide are getting diplomas for just this sort of thing -- stealing (or as they say in art school, "appropriating") hackneyed pop images and scribbling on top of them à la granddaddy Marcel. The show, which would not be out of place on

18125-416: The use of the term, saying that it has been applied so broadly as to be functionally meaningless as criticism, and is instead just name calling . Adam Muto , executive producer on Adventure Time , has also said the term over-simplifies the process of animation design, and is too vague. Gavia Baker-Whitelaw on The Daily Dot wrote that many animation fans that deride the "CalArts style" do so only when it

18270-467: The way and a detective denouement , but differs on several points. Most of the Sherlock Holmes stories feature no suspects at all, while mystery fiction, in contrast, features a large number of them. As noted, detective stories feature professional and retired detectives, while mystery fiction almost exclusively features amateur detectives. Finally, detective stories focus on the detective and how

18415-548: The week of July 12–18, 2015, Gravity Falls was the top-rated program in its 8:30 p.m. timeslot across kids and boys ages 2–11, 6–11 and 6–14. That same week, it was also cable TV's number 1 scripted telecast in total viewers, according to estimates from Nielsen Ratings . Gravity Falls ranked as Disney XD's number 1 series of 2015 across all target demographics with an average of 1.8 million viewers per episode. Additionally, Gravity Falls ranked as 2015's third animated cable TV series in boys ages 9–14. In kids ages 6–11,

18560-664: The work of MFA students from esteemed area programs like CalArts, Art Center, UCLA, etc." In his observation of the showcase, he examined, "... the work left me mostly empty and with a few exceptions seemed like nothing more than a rehash of conceptual ideas that were mined years ago." He went on to state that "these institutions are staffed with amazing talents (Mike Kelley and John Baldessari among them). Legions of creative young people flock to our city [Los Angeles] every year to work alongside their heroes and develop their talents with hopes of making it as an artist." He goes on to further state "What happens too often in these situations, though,

18705-400: The world's first fictional detective, C. Auguste Dupin . However, detective fiction was popularized only later, in the late 19th century, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes stories, considered milestones in crime fiction . The detective story shares some similarities with mystery fiction in that it also has a mystery to be solved, clues , red herrings , some plot twists along

18850-421: Was "red tagged" and not allowed to be used until millions of dollars of repairs were performed. The Federal Emergency Management Agency provided the bulk of the financial assistance allowing fundamental repairs due to seismic activity to occur, with private donations allowing the aesthetic renovations of certain spaces in the building, which opened again during the fall 1994 semester. Also in 1994, Herb Alpert ,

18995-486: Was a one-of-a-kind gem." Michelle Jaworski writing for The Daily Dot described Gravity Falls as "[A] classic summer story woven into a smart and addictive show tackling the paranormal, the supernatural, and the pains of growing up." IndieWire ' s Michael Schneider said " Gravity Falls is a kids' show so dense with mythology, pop culture jokes, Easter eggs, and mystery that grown-ups were often more invested." Joey Keogh from Den of Geek wrote " Gravity Falls ,

19140-640: Was animated in-house by storyboard artist and supervisor Dana Terrace . The first twelve episodes of Gravity Falls aired in a regular weekly slot on Disney Channel starting in mid-2012, but subsequent episodes were broadcast without similar regularity; it took until August 2013 to broadcast the remaining eight episodes of the first season. The second season began airing a year later in August 2014, transitioning over to Disney XD , but again without any regularity as to when new episodes would be first broadcast. The first nine episodes aired from August to November 2014,

19285-541: Was based on the first Lew Archer story The Moving Target (1949). Newman reprised the role in The Drowning Pool in 1976. Michael Collins, pseudonym of Dennis Lynds , is generally considered the author who led the form into the Modern Age. His private investigator, Dan Fortune, was consistently involved in the same sort of David-and-Goliath stories that Hammett, Chandler, and Macdonald wrote, but Collins took

19430-555: Was by Dime Mystery , which started out as an ordinary crime fiction magazine but switched to " weird menace " during the later part of 1933. The genre of mystery novels is a young form of literature that has developed since the early 19th century. The rise of literacy began in the years of the English Renaissance and, as people began to read over time, they became more individualistic in their thinking. As people became more individualistic in their thinking, they developed

19575-558: Was developed and published by Ubisoft and produced by Disney Interactive Studios . The game is a platformer and uses the same graphics as the series. Both seasons of Gravity Falls hold a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes . On Rotten Tomatoes, season one has an average critic score of 7.40 out of 10 based on 12 reviews. Season two has an average critic score of 8.80 out of 10 based on 8 reviews. The website's critical consensus for season one reads: " Gravity Falls' warm humor and bright performances elevate this children's cartoon to

19720-582: Was fond and explored in a variety of forms, beginning with his own studio, then later in the incorporation of CalArts. He began with the film Fantasia (1940), where animators, dancers, composers, and artists alike collaborated. In 1952, Walt Disney Imagineering was founded, where Disney formed a team of artists including Herbert Ryman , Ken O'Brien, Collin Campbell, Marc Davis, Al Bertino , Wathel Rogers , Mary Blair, T. Hee , Blaine Gibson, Xavier Atencio , Claude Coats , and Yale Gracey . He believed that

19865-528: Was hired to work as writer and storyboard artist for the Cartoon Network series The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack , where he was paired up with Pendleton Ward , the creator of Adventure Time . Afterwards, he moved on to co-develop the Disney Channel animated series Fish Hooks ; shortly before he pitched Gravity Falls , which was subsequently green-lit . Hirsch said he was at

20010-464: Was in the process of moving to New York, they persuaded him to stay in Los Angeles to continue to produce adult animation . Bakshi then got the production rights to the cartoon character Mighty Mouse . By Bakshi's request, Tom Minton and John Kricfalusi then went to the CalArts campus to recruit the best talent from what was the recent group of graduates. They hired Jeff Pidgeon , Rich Moore , Carole Holiday, Andrew Stanton and Nate Kanfer to work on

20155-562: Was inspired by Hirsch's own childhood experiences and his relationship with his own twin sister growing up during their summer vacations, such as roadside attractions including the Mystery Spot and Oregon Vortex , and a road sign for a town named Boring . He placed many of his real-life experiences in the show, like living in Piedmont and trick-or-treating with his sister as kids. Dipper is based on Hirsch's memory of how it felt to be

20300-496: Was on the air, the show was Disney XD's highest-rated series, with an average of 1.8 million viewers per episode. In the summer of 2016, Gravity Falls' creator Alex Hirsch threw an international treasure hunt known as the " Cipher Hunt ", the goal of which was to find the real-life Bill Cipher statue briefly glimpsed in the series finale. It ran from July 20 to August 3, 2016, and involved retrieving and decoding riddles and codes hidden in various locations worldwide. One clue involved

20445-537: Was one of the top 50 shows with the most hours watched on Disney+ of all time and that more than half of the viewers were families with kids over the age of thirteen. Gravity Falls has been considered to be an influence for many animated shows that followed it, including Steven Universe , Star vs. the Forces of Evil , The Owl House , Amphibia , and Rick and Morty , the latter three of which with it features numerous Easter egg crossovers. Other examples of

20590-524: Was really great. It's really out-there". Gordon then stated "I'm not so crazy about the way [the Liars' They Were Wrong, So We Drowned] sounds. It's like 'how lo-fi can we make it?' But I think the content is really good". In reference to CalArts and Gordon's statement, Moore lastly remarked "They're art kids. They came out of CalArts and that's the kind of sensibility you have when you come out of these sort of places." Interestingly, Moore's partner Gordon went to

20735-466: Was restored. In 2017, Disney Channel redubbed Louis C.K. 's minor role as "The Horrifying Sweaty One-Armed Monstrosity" in the 2015 episode "Weirdmageddon Part 1", as well as its 2016 follow-up episode and series finale, " Weirdmageddon 3: Take Back the Falls ", following the comedian's admission of sexual misconduct . Series creator Alex Hirsch is now credited as voicing the character. On March 27, 2018, Shout! Factory announced that they would release

20880-524: Was troubled by the high cost of theater productions. After attending a performance of Brecht's Threepenny Opera at the Ahmanson Theatre in 1989, and noticing the high cost of the least expensive ticket, he decide to leave the theater behind in favor of the Internet. He believed that interactivity and digital platforms, such as the Web and hypertext stories, would provide users with multiple pathways and

21025-491: Was unable to afford CalArts' high tuition. Moore went on to emphasize that the book did not mention the economic feasibility of attending CalArts and that this financial barrier can create a division between those who can afford highly regarded academic art education and those who pursue DIY art. In his book, Survival of the Richest , media theorist and MFA directing program graduate Douglas Rushkoff described his time while

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