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21-984: The Dutch National Museum of World Cultures (NMVW) was founded in 2014 by a merger of the Tropenmuseum in Amsterdam , the Museum Volkenkunde in Leiden and the Afrika Museum in Berg en Dal . It also oversees the Wereldmuseum in Rotterdam , whose collection belongs to that city. According to the museum's webpage, these collections contain "nearly 450,000 objects and 260,000 photographic images that are part of national or municipal collections, and another 350.000 images of documentary value." The NMVW

42-412: A great deal over the years, both in content and in form. But it pursues its original mission: promote UNESCO's ideals, maintain a platform for the dialogue between cultures and provide a forum for international debate. The printed UNESCO Courier covers issues of literacy, human rights, environment, culture, science and arts. Available online since March 2006, The UNESCO Courier serves readers around

63-528: A €4.5m project in June 2021 in order to develop practical guidance for Dutch museums on colonial collections. "We will examine the diverse routes that objects took to enter museums—were they sold under duress or looted in times of war, traded or exchanged or given as gifts, and if so, was this in a colonial context? - We will also look at how to jointly decide on the future of an object and whether there are various modes of return that are possible. And, finally, this

84-530: Is about reconciliation—how do modes of return or restitution help us to reconcile with the past?” [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO ( license statement/permission ). Text taken from The Netherlands: Museums confront the country’s colonial past​ , Hickley, Catherine, UNESCO. UNESCO Courier , no 3, 2020. Tropenmuseum The Wereldmuseum Amsterdam (previously known as Tropenmuseum (English: Museum of

105-476: Is housed at the Wereldmuseum Amsterdam as well. The collection houses 5,500 musical instruments as well as various other theatrical objects such as masks and puppets. It also features 21,000 textile artifacts, a majority of which are from Indonesia. Tropenmuseum Junior is a sub-museum. It features interactive exhibits, and draws 30,000 children a year. UNESCO Courier UNESCO Courier

126-790: Is part of the Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen (Museum of World Cultures), a combination of three ethnographic museums in the Netherlands. Frederick van Eeden, father of the writer Frederik van Eeden , and secretary of the Maatschappij ter bevordering van Nijverheid (English: Society for the Promotion of Industry ) established the Koloniaal Museum (English: Colonial Museum ) in Haarlem in 1864, and opened

147-543: Is the main magazine published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) . It has the largest and widest-ranging readership of all the journals published by the United Nations and its specialized institutions. UNESCO Courier was started in 1948 by Sandy Koffler (1916–2020). There was a gap in publication from 2013 until 2017. The magazine has changed

168-628: The Caribbean . They also have several collections in storage that fall outside of their scope. These include collections for China , Japan , Korea , and Europe . The photography collection consists mainly of historical photographs of the former Dutch Colonies from 1855 to 1940. In the period 2009-2015 the Tropemmuseum released 50,000 photographs under a Creative Commons licence to the Wikimedia Commons . A theatric collection

189-548: The 1960s and 1970s the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs encouraged the museum to expand its scope to more social issues such as poverty and hunger . In the early 1970s a new wing for children was added. This wing is now called Tropenmuseum Junior. Until March 2014 the museum was owned and operated by the Royal Tropical Institute , a foundation that sponsored the study of tropical cultures around

210-454: The 1970s. In January 2021, the Dutch government approved a central mechanism for the repatriation of colonial heritage. Upon the recommendations of an advisory commission, it announced to return any objects in the national collections found to have been illegally taken from former Dutch colonies. To this end, a research group of nine museums and Amsterdam’s Vrije Universiteit are said to launch

231-539: The Dutch culture minister returned a gold-inlaid kris – a large dagger – to the Indonesian ambassador in The Hague, on the basis of provenance research conducted by the museum. It belonged to Prince Diponegoro, a Javanese rebel leader and Indonesian hero who waged a five-year war against Dutch colonial rule from 1825 to 1830. Some of his belongings, including a saddle and a spear, were repatriated to Indonesia in

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252-560: The NMVW, said about this discussion: “It led us to question our colonial history, and we saw that we had the potential to ask a lot of questions about identity, control, power, inequality and decolonization .” According to an article about the NMVW, published in the UNESCO Courier of October/December 2020, the museum began work on its guidance for repatriation in 2017. Already before this, repatriations are said to have "occurred over

273-672: The Tropics ) between 1950 and 2023) is an ethnographic museum with its headquarters in Amsterdam , Netherlands . It was originally founded in Haarlem , Netherlands in 1864 under the name Koloniaal Museum (English: Colonial Museum ) and later renamed Tropenmuseum (English: Museum of the Tropics ). The Wereldmuseum is one of the largest museums in Amsterdam. It has a permanent exhibition of part of its collection and hosts temporary exhibitions, including contemporary, modern and traditional visual arts and photographic works. The museum

294-404: The decades, but claims had previously been handled on an ad hoc basis." In March 2019, a document called Return of Cultural Objects: Principles and Process was published, to express “the overall mission of the museum to address the long, complex and entangled histories that have resulted in the collections the museum holds.” It includes a “commitment to transparently address and evaluate claims for

315-555: The economy, manners, and customs of the inhabitants. In 1926, they inaugurated the current building in East Amsterdam. At the time, they had 30,000 objects, and a sizable collection of photographs. Following the independence of Indonesia in 1945, the scope of the museum changed from just the colonial possessions of the Netherlands, to that of many undeveloped colonial states in South America , Africa , and Asia . In

336-431: The museum to the public in 1871. The museum was founded in order to show Dutch overseas possessions, and the inhabitants of these foreign countries, such as Indonesia . In 1871 the institute began research to increase profits made off the colonies. This included attempting to develop improved means of producing coffee beans, rotan and paraffin. The museum came under the influence of ethnologists , who added information on

357-643: The museum was listed as a historical building in Amsterdam. Until the merger in 2014, the museum collection contained 175,000 objects, 155,000 photographs and 10,000 miscellaneous drawings, paintings, and documents. It inherited 15,000 of these from the Ethnographisch Museum Artis . These objects are split up into many collections. The museum houses collections for many geographical areas such as Southeast Asia , South Asia , West Asia , North Africa , Sub-Saharan Africa , Latin America and

378-793: The return of cultural objects according to standards of respect, cooperation and timeliness.” In a collaboration with the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam and the Expertise Centre for the Restitution of Cultural Goods and the Second World War at the National Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies (NIOD), the NMVW is focused on Indonesia – with projects to consolidate research into colonial-era military expeditions and trading-house networks. In March 2020,

399-400: The world. The museum had 317.572 visitors in 2022. The original building, officially opened in 1926, was designed by Johannes Jacobus van Nieukerken and Marie Adrianus van Nieukerken. It was richly decorated for the time, and took 11 years to build due to World War I and various labor strikes . All of the artwork in the building was created in the first half of the 20th century. In 2003,

420-645: The world: It is available for free on PDF in the six official languages of the organization (English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian and Chinese), as well as in Portuguese and Esperanto . A limited number of printed issues are also produced. The magazine is also translated into Sardinian and Sicilian . The texts of current issues are available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license. In 2023

441-414: Was created in the context of public discussions in the Netherlands, as well as in other European countries, about the colonial history of ethnographic collections and calls for the restitution of African cultural heritage to different countries of origin. About forty per cent of the collection in the museum is estimated to have been acquired in colonial contexts. As Stijn Schoonderwoerd, then director of

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