Misplaced Pages

#27972

35-684: The Noye is located in the northern part of the Picard plateau. It is the left tributary of the Avre river, which is itself a left tributary of the Somme . The Noye starts near the commune of Vendeuil-Caply and extends to a length of 33 kilometres (21 mi). It flows through the departments of Oise and Somme at Breteuil and Ailly-sur-Noye , entering the Avre at Boves , 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) southeast of Amiens . This Oise geographical article

70-758: A 40 kilometres (25 mi) front north and south of the River Somme . The Allies had originally intended the Somme to be the site of one of several simultaneous major offensives by Allied powers against the Central Powers in 1916. However, before these offensives could begin, the Germans attacked first, engaging the Allies at the Battle of Verdun . As this battle dragged on, the purpose of the Somme campaign (which

105-505: A Picard song, is a symbol of the local culture (and of that of Artois). Picardy is arguably the birthplace of Gothic architecture, housing six of the world's greatest examples of Gothic cathedrals, which span the history of Gothic architecture in its entirety. Amiens Cathedral , standing as the largest cathedral in Europe, which according to John Ruskin is the "Pantheon of Gothic architecture", could house Notre-Dame de Paris twice over. It

140-485: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Somme geographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in France is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Picardy Picardy ( / ˈ p ɪ k ər d i / ; Picard and French: Picardie , French: [pikaʁdi] , Picard: IPA: [piˈkaʀdi] )

175-535: Is a historical and cultural territory and a former administrative region located in northern France . The first mentions of this province date back to the Middle Ages: it gained its first official recognition in the 13th century through the nation of Picardy at the University of Paris and entered French administration in the 14th century. Unlike regions such as Normandy , Brittany , or Champagne , Picardy

210-597: Is not too much to claim that the foundations of the final victory on the Western Front were laid by the Somme offensive of 1916". For the first time, the home front in Britain was exposed to the horrors of modern war with the release of the propaganda film The Battle of the Somme , which used actual footage from the first days of the battle. The Somme experienced war twice more in the First and Second Battles of

245-597: Is part of the Hauts-de-France region . It is bordered by Pas-de-Calais and Nord to the north, Aisne to the east, Oise to the south and Seine-Maritime to the southwest. To the northwest, its coastline faces the English Channel and it shares maritime borders with Kent and East Sussex in the United Kingdom . It had a population of 570,559 in 2019. The north central area of the Somme

280-517: The ancien régime , Picardy was generally defined by thirteen traditional regions, still divided into Upper and Lower Picardy: the former grouping inland areas and the latter, coastal areas. It was divided between the governments of Picardy and Île-de-France. The government of Picardy covered the northern half of Upper Picardy, while the government of Île-de-France held the southern half, including towns such as Beauvais, Noyon, and Laon. This description of Picardy, seen in 19th and 20th-century records from

315-806: The Authie ) as well as the Bresle . The most populous commune is Amiens , the prefecture. As of 2019 , there are 9 communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants: At the beginning of the First World War , during the Race to the Sea of September and November 1914, the Somme became the site of the Battle of Albert . The battle was a five-day engagement between 25 and 29 September, with the French Tenth Army attacking at Albert and pushing toward Bapaume , and

350-489: The Battle of the Somme , were fought by British, Commonwealth, French and German forces in the fields of Northern Picardy. In 2009, the Regional Committee for local government reform proposed to reduce the number of French regions and cancel additions of new regions in the near future. Picardy would have disappeared and each department would have joined a nearby region. The Oise would have been incorporated in

385-560: The Belgian province of Hainaut . Between the 1990 and 1999 censuses, the population of Oise increased 0.61% per year, almost twice as fast as France as a whole. Meanwhile the Aisne department lost inhabitants, and the Somme barely grew with a 0.16% growth per year. Today, 41.3% of the population of Picardy live inside the Oise department. Picardy stretches from the long sand beaches of

SECTION 10

#1732771789028

420-573: The German Sixth Army counter-attacking back towards Albert. The line settled around the town of Thiepval and remained there until July 1916, when the Battle of the Somme was fought on and around the same ground. The Battle of the Somme was one of the most costly battles of World War I, by the number of troop casualties, as Allied forces attempted to break through the German lines along

455-706: The Hundred Years' War , Picardy was the centre of the Jacquerie peasant revolt in 1358. Beginning in 1419, the Picardy counties ( Boulogne , Ponthieu , Amiens , Vermandois ) were gradually acquired by the Burgundian duke Philip the Good , acquisitions confirmed by King Charles VII of France at the 1435 Congress of Arras . In 1477, King Louis XI of France led an army and occupied key towns in Picardy. By

490-456: The Hundred Years' War , also took place in this department. The toponymy of Somme is speculated to come from a Gaulish term, Sumena . The Somme department is in the current region of Hauts-de-France and is surrounded by the departments of Pas-de-Calais , Nord , Aisne , Oise and Seine-Maritime . In the northwest, it has a coast on the English Channel . The main rivers are the Somme and its tributaries ( Avre , Ancre and Noye ,

525-595: The Nord-Pas-de-Calais region but does incorporate the pays of Beauvaisis , Valois, Noyonnais, Laonnois, Soissonnais, Omois among other departments of France . The older definition of Picardy survives in the name of the Picard language which applies not only to the dialects of Picardy proper but also to the Romance dialects spoken in the Nord-Pas de Calais region , north of Picardy proper, and parts of

560-511: The Oise département . In 1557, Picardy was invaded by Habsburg forces under the command of Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy . After a seventeen-day siege , St. Quentin would be ransacked, while Noyon would be burned by the Habsburg army. In the early 18th century, an infectious disease similar to English sweat originated from the region and spread across France. It was called Suette des picards or Picardy sweat . Sugar beet

595-480: The longue paume (ancestor of tennis), as well as danses picardes and its own bagpipes, called the pipasso . The villages of Picardy have a distinct character, with their houses made of red bricks, often accented with a "lace" of white bricks. A minority of people still speak the Picard language , one of the languages of France , which is also spoken in Artois ( Nord-Pas de Calais région ). " P'tit quinquin ",

630-544: The Île-de-France , the Somme would have been incorporated in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Aisne would have been incorporated in the Champagne-Ardenne. The vast majority of Picards were opposed to this proposal and it was scrapped in 2010 (see newspaper: "Courrier Picard"). Today, the modern region of Picardy no longer includes the coastline from Berck to Calais, via Boulogne (Boulonais), that is now in

665-540: The 5th century, the area formed part of the Frankish Empire and, in the feudal period, it encompassed the six countships of Boulogne , Montreuil , Ponthieu , Amiénois , Vermandois and Laonnois . In accordance with the provisions of the 843 Treaty of Verdun , the region became part of West Francia , the later Kingdom of France . The name "Picardy" derives from the Old French pic, meaning " pike ",

700-628: The British suffered 57,420 casualties, including 19,240 dead—the bloodiest day in the history of the British Army to this day. As terrible as the battle was for the British Empire troops who suffered there, it naturally affected the other nationalities as well. By the end of the battle, the British had learned many lessons in modern warfare, while the Germans had suffered irreplaceable losses. British historian Sir James Edmonds stated, "It

735-685: The Society of Antiquaries of Picardy and the Historical Society of Upper Picardy, extended from Senlis to Calais, from Soissons and Laon to Abbeville and Boulogne-sur-Mer. Historians and geographers like Robert Fossier , Albert Demangeon , and Philippe Pinchemel replaced the idea of the ancien régime Picardy with the notion of an ethnic Picardy, identified particularly by the Picard language . This ethnic Picardy would include places like Senlis and Soissons, which popular tradition historically associated with Picardy due to their dialect, with

SECTION 20

#1732771789028

770-542: The Somme estuary in the west to the vast forests and pastures of the Thiérache in the east to Chantilly and Pierrefonds near the Paris Area and vineyards of the border with Champagne to the south. The president of the regional council prior to its abolition in 2015 was Claude Gewerc , a Socialist who had been in office since 2004. That year he defeated longtime UDF incumbent Gilles de Robien . Since 2008,

805-580: The characteristic weapon used by people from this region in ancient times. The term "Picardy" was first used in the early 13th century, during which time the name applied to all lands where the Picard language was spoken including territories from Paris to the Netherlands . In the Latin Quarter of Paris, people identified a "Picard Nation" ( Nation Picarde ) of students at Sorbonne University , most of whom actually came from Flanders . During

840-399: The end of 1477, Louis would control all of Picardy and most of Artois . In the 15th century, the government (military region) of Picardy was created. This became a new administrative region of France, separate from what was historically defined as Picardy. The new Picardy included the Somme département , the northern half of the Aisne département and a small fringe in the north of

875-539: The historic Beauvaisis is in the northern part of the Val-d'Oise department, around Beaumont-sur-Oise and L'Isle-Adam. The historical province of Picardy stretched from Senlis to Calais via the main parts of the Oise and Aisne departments, the whole of the Somme department and the west of the Pas-de-Calais department. The province of Artois ( Arras area) separated Picardy from French Flanders . From

910-459: The late Middle Ages, it also encompassed Saint-Quentin, Douai, Abbeville, Béthune, Clermont, and other towns like Noyon, Valenciennes, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Hesdin, and Laon. At that time, Picardy was divided into Upper and Lower Picardy: Upper Picardy was closer to Île-de-France, while Lower Picardy, which Barthélemy the Englishman referred to as Hainaut, was closer to Flanders and Brabant. During

945-728: The mayor of the city of Amiens , the regional capital, has been Socialist Gilles Demailly . He defeated longtime mayor Gilles de Robien of the New Centre party. Historically, the region of Picardy has a strong and proud cultural identity. The Picard (local inhabitants and traditionally speakers of the Picard language ) cultural heritage includes some of the most extraordinary Gothic churches (Amiens and Beauvais cathedrals or Saint-Quentin basilica ), distinctive local cuisine (including ficelle picarde , flamiche aux poireaux , tarte au maroilles ), beer (including from Péronne's de Clercq brewery) and traditional games and sports, such as

980-467: The northern boundary marked by the linguistic border with Flemish , thus extending to Calais and Tournai. In the 20th century, geographer Albert Demangeon demonstrated the existence of a geographic Picardy through what he called the "Picard plain," a vast chalk plain stretching from Beauvais to Arras, from Cambrai and Laon to Abbeville and the Boulogne region. From 1972 to 2015, a region of the same name

1015-639: Was built in as little as 50 years. Picardy also holds the tallest transept in the history of the Gothic period; this transept is located in Saint-Pierre cathedral in Beauvais, Oise. The Museum of Picardy in Amiens, built between 1855 and 1867, houses a vast array of great works, spanning the centuries and ranging from archaeology from ancient Greece and Egypt to modern works of Pablo Picasso . The museum

1050-420: Was closed until the end of 2019 for building work. Although Picardy is one of the least-known regions in France, its influence from art and most certainly architecture is vivid throughout the world. Somme (department) Somme ( French pronunciation: [sɔm] ; Picard : Sonme ) is a department of France , located in the north of the country and named after the Somme river . It

1085-665: Was created, bringing together the three departments of Somme , Oise , and Aisne , thus encompassing most of Picardy as defined in the Ancien Régime. Today, Picardy, in its various definitions, is largely contained within the Hauts-de-France region and spread across its five departments. Part of the linguistic Picardy is in the Wallonia region of Belgium , in the Hainaut Province , and a small portion of

Noye - Misplaced Pages Continue

1120-675: Was introduced by Napoleon I during the Napoleonic Wars in the 19th century in order to counter the United Kingdom which had seized the sugar islands possessed by France in the Caribbean . The sugar industry has continued to play a prominent role in the economy of the region. One of the most significant historical events to occur in Picardy was the series of battles fought along the Somme during World War I . From September 1914 to August 1918, four major battles, including

1155-413: Was never established as a duchy, county, or principality, and its boundaries fluctuated over the centuries due to the political instability in the area it covered. Since 1 January 2016, it has been part of the new region of Hauts-de-France . The first geographic description of Picardy appeared in the late central Middle Ages, including the bishoprics of Amiens, Beauvais, Arras, Tournai, and Thérouanne. In

1190-509: Was still in the planning stage) shifted from striking a decisive blow against Germany to drawing German forces away from Verdun and relieving the Allied forces there. By its end, the losses on the Somme had exceeded those at Verdun. While Verdun would bite deep in the national consciousness of France for generations, the Somme would have the same effect on generations of Britons. The battle is best remembered for its first day, 1 July 1916, on which

1225-415: Was the site of a series of battles during World War I , including the particularly significant Battle of the Somme in 1916. As a result of this and other battles fought in the area, the department is home to many military cemeteries and several major monuments commemorating the many soldiers from various countries who died on its battlefields . The 1346 Battle of Crécy , a major English victory early in

#27972