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68-644: Introduced in 1935, the Norseman remained in production for almost 25 years with over 900 produced. A number of examples remain in commercial and private use to this day. Norseman aircraft are known to have been registered or operated in 68 countries and also have been based and flown in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Designed by Robert B. C. Noorduyn , the Noorduyn Norseman was produced from 1935 to 1959, originally by Noorduyn Aircraft Ltd. and later by

136-457: A Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress , Balchen led a bombing raid that destroyed the only German outpost remaining on Greenland , a forward station at Sabine Island on the eastern coast of that island. This destruction hindered the ability of the German armed forces to maintain a presence on Greenland that not only had been used to send deceptive radio messages to Allied aircraft as well as establishing

204-713: A Forestry School from 1917 to 1918. Next he enrolled in the French Foreign Legion , and his unit was assigned to the Verdun front in World War I . In 1918, before seeing action, Balchen was recalled to Norway. He transferred to the Norwegian Army , and was sent to an artillery school, where he graduated shortly after. Under an assumed name, Balchen fought as a cavalryman with the White Guards in

272-740: A Norseman at Urbe Airport in Italy while ferrying it to the newly formed Israeli Air Force . The engine of a Norseman that crashed during Operation Maccabi of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War are on the IAF's Har Hatayasim (Pilots' Mountain) memorial near Jerusalem. [REDACTED]   Israel Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1947. General characteristics Performance Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Related lists Robert B. C. Noorduyn Robert Bernard Cornelis Noorduyn (April 6, 1893 – February 22, 1959)

340-640: A contemporary record-breaking pilot of the era. In early 1941, while engaged in a ferrying mission, and on a layover in the Philippines, a representative of General Henry "Hap" Arnold sought out Balchen. Arnold asked Balchen to join the US Army Air Forces as a colonel to oversee the establishment of the USAAF polar airfields at Qaanaaq , and Sondre Stromfjord Greenland . These highly secretive bases would serve to ferry fighter aircraft across

408-745: A contract to provide U.S. fighter aircraft to Finland, when the Soviet attack on Finland took place. Enlisting with the Norwegian Air Force, he made his way to the United States on a crucial mission to negotiate "matters pertaining to aircraft ordnance and ammunition with the question of the Norwegian Government's possible purchase of such materials in the United States of America." With his status of holding dual Norwegian and American citizenship and his extensive contacts in

476-477: A customer supplied 450 hp (340 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp SC-1 engine as the Norseman Mk.II , but was later re-engined with a 600 hp (450 kW) Pratt & Whitney Wasp S3H-1, its original intended engine, on June 26, 1937 as the prototype for the Norseman Mk.IV . The Mk.IV was the definitive per-war model but the production run might have ended at a few hundred examples if not for

544-531: A driving force in the establishment of Det Norske Luftfartselskap (D.N.L.) ("The Norwegian Airline Company"), with which he pioneered commercial Europe–US airline flights across the North Pole. D.N.L. later merged with Danish and Swedish airlines into the major carrier Scandinavian Airlines . Balchen continued to work in consultancy until his death. In his final year, he was diagnosed with bone cancer , and he died at Mount Kisco, New York in 1973. Balchen

612-463: A few basic criteria: it should be an aircraft with which a Canadian operator utilizing existing talents, equipment, and facilities could make money; it should be a high-wing monoplane to facilitate loading and unloading of passengers and cargo at seaplane docks and airports; and it should be an all-around superior aircraft to those currently in use in Canada. The final design layout looked much like one of

680-519: A group of investors who bought back the jigs and equipment from Canadian Car & Foundry and started a new company called Noorduyn Norseman Aircraft Ltd. Bob Noorduyn became ill and died in his home in South Burlington , Vermont , on February 22, 1959, but the company he had created, provided support for operating Norseman aircraft and built three new Mk Vs before selling its assets in 1982 to Norco Associates. Norco provided service only, as

748-436: A high-wing monoplane airframe to facilitate loading and unloading passengers and cargo at seaplane docks, where the high wing provided the best clearance from docks and seaplane ramp fencing, and least opportunity for damage, and from conventional airports, with a structure that could be easily repaired in the bush. Noorduyn designed it to have interchangeable wheel, ski or twin-float landing gear. Unlike most aircraft designs,

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816-492: A host of other companies including Hughes Aircraft , General Dynamics , Canadair and the Electric Boat Company . Working for Canadair in 1966, then the parent company, General Dynamics, from 1966 to 1971, Balchen had authority over projects as diverse as ice-breakers, tankers, new epoxy materials for submarine construction, seagoing electronic weather systems and over-snow vehicles. In 1962, he also worked with

884-678: A jumping-off point for remote communities in Northwestern Ontario , promotes itself as The Norseman Capital of the World . Each summer in July, the "Norseman Floatplane Festival" brings Norseman aircraft to Red Lake as the centrepiece of a community based weekend festival ranging from stage entertainment, children's games and rides, contests, cultural and historical displays and street vendors with craft and specialty booths. Canadian Second World War ace George Beurling died in May 1948 landing

952-674: A weather station required to provide accurate weather reports for the German forces operating in the North Atlantic. Balchen then was posted to the European Theatre to run "Operation Where and When", based at Luleå - Kallax Air Base in northern Sweden. Balchen commanded a clandestine air transport operation, using 10 Douglas C-47s and helped to set up an escape route between the United Kingdom and Sweden that enabled numerous important diplomats and others to flee

1020-859: The American Association of Airport Executives , created the Bernt Balchen Award in his memory in 1976 to recognize airports excelling in snow and ice control. In 1973, Balchen was inducted in the National Aviation Hall of Fame In 1974, Mount Balchen in Alaska was named after him, and there is a Mount Balchen in Antarctica also named in his honor. In 1976, Balchen was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame . October 23 1999,

1088-620: The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan . USAAF Colonel Bernt Balchen was establishing a staging route across Greenland to ferry aircraft to Europe. He required a transport rugged enough to survive in the harsh conditions of the Arctic. After evaluating six Norsemans diverted from the RCAF order, late in 1941, he recommended the purchase of the Norseman Mk.IV specially modified to USAAF requirements as

1156-531: The Canada Car and Foundry acquired the rights to the design and produced the Norseman Mk.V , a civilian version of the UC-64. To further improve the basic design, "Can Car" designed and built the Norseman Mk.VII with a bigger engine, a new all-metal wing and greater cargo capacity but it never went into production. With large Korean War commitments at that time, the company put it into temporary storage where it

1224-459: The Canadian Car and Foundry company. With the experience of working at Fokker , Bellanca and Pitcairn-Cierva , Noorduyn decided to create his own design in 1934. Along with his colleague, Walter Clayton, Noorduyn created his original company, Noorduyn Aircraft Limited, in early 1933 at Montreal , which then was reorganized in 1935, as Noorduyn Aviation. Noorduyn's ideal bush plane was

1292-476: The Finnish Civil War that followed the end of major hostilities. During a cavalry charge, his horse was shot from under him and he was left for dead on the battlefield. Having received serious wounds that required a lengthy convalescence, Balchen turned to an early interest in athletics and trained strenuously as a boxer to represent Norway in the 1920 Olympics . Besides being a championship boxer, he

1360-541: The Pitcairn PA-19 . Having worked on designs at Fokker, Bellanca and Pitcairn-Cierva, Noorduyn created his own design in 1934, the Noorduyn Norseman . Along with colleague Walter Clayton, Noorduyn created the company Noorduyn Aircraft Limited in early 1933 at Montreal. A successor company bearing the name Noorduyn Aviation, was later established in 1935. Noorduyn's bush plane design revolved around

1428-627: The U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II made use of his Arctic exploration expertise to help the Allies over Scandinavia and Northern Europe . After the war, Balchen continued to be an influential leader with the U.S. Air Force , as well as a highly regarded private consultant in projects involving the Arctic and aviation. The son of a country doctor, Balchen was born at the farm Myren in Tveit , just outside Kristiansand , Norway. After having finished Norwegian middle school in 1916, he attended

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1496-475: The US Army Corps of Engineers . Other Allied air forces also placed orders, for 43 Norseman Mk.IVs. The RCAF ordered an additional 34 aircraft as Norseman Mk.VI s. Noorduyn was still the sole manufacturer, but when the USAAF considered ordering a larger number of C-64As, license production of 600 by Aeronca Aircraft Corp. (Middletown, Ohio) was planned before being cancelled in 1943. Major Glenn Miller

1564-662: The YC-64A . After the US entry into the Second World War, the USAAF placed the first of several orders for a production version C-64A Norseman . The principal differences included two fuselage belly tanks raising the standard fuel capacity to 201 imp gal (910 L; 241 US gal), and an additional cabin fuel tank of 32 imp gal (150 L; 38 US gal) that could also be installed. These changes resulted in an increase of 950 lb (430 kg) in

1632-485: The 10th Rescue Squadron of the U.S. Air Force, which was located in southern Alaska but which operated across all of Alaska and northern Canada rescuing crashed airmen. Balchen led this squadron in the development of the techniques that became widely used in cold weather search and rescues. He was also directly responsible for persuading the U.S. Air Force to purchase the de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver bush aircraft, one that became an important search and rescue aircraft for

1700-405: The Arctic. On 23 May 1949, while commanding the 10th Rescue Squadron, Balchen flew a Douglas C-54 Skymaster from Fairbanks, Alaska , via the North Pole to Thule Air Base , Greenland. Balchen was primarily responsible for the pioneering and development of the strategic air base at Thule, Greenland, built secretly on his recommendation, in 1951 under severe weather conditions which, by extending

1768-711: The Atlantic Ocean on 20 May 1932, landing in Ireland. In the mid-1930s, Balchen returned to Norway to work with the Norwegian Airlines. Later, he was part of a team to create a Nordic Postal Union, and as war seemed inevitable in Europe, Balchen helped negotiate an aviation treaty with the United States. Balchen also worked with the airplane, The Valkyrien. In 1939, Balchen was in Helsinki , working on

1836-634: The Atlantic by air, rather than having to disassemble them and send them overseas by cargo ship. The airfields also served as bases from which long-range Consolidated B-24 Liberator patrol aircraft could fly far out over the North Atlantic Ocean in search of the German Kriegsmarine U-boats that were menacing American, British, and Canadian ships taking war supplies and troops across the ocean in preparation for

1904-681: The Byrd party, as the co-pilot and navigator , with the pilot Floyd Bennett, flying the Josephine Ford on a tour to more than 50 American cities, thereby promoting commercial aviation as a safe, reliable and practical means of transportation. Following this tour Balchen was hired by Anthony Fokker as a test pilot for the Fokker Aircraft Company at the Teterboro Airport , New Jersey. On 29 June 1927, Balchen, as

1972-510: The Fokker models with all-welded steel tubing fuselage structure and wood stringers were applied to it for attachment of a fabric skin. The wing was all-wood construction and fabric-covered except for the flaps and ailerons, which were made of welded steel tubing. The resulting utility bush plane, known as the Norseman, flew for the first time in 1936. Since then it has been used as both a military and civil cargo aircraft. In 1953, Noorduyn headed

2040-564: The Italian crew members as well as to teach them to ski. In a last-minute decision by Amundsen, he was not chosen to be on the record-breaking dirigible flight as Nobile was in charge of picking the crew, which already had a complement of 23. After observing the crash of the Fokker trimotor , Josephine Ford , belonging to one of his competitors, Lieutenant Commander Richard E. Byrd of the U.S. Navy , Amundsen asked Balchen to help in preparing

2108-520: The Nazis. From March to December 1944, Balchen's "Operation Balder" using six B-24s manned with OSS crews, safely evacuated at least 2,000 Norwegians, 900 American internees and 150 internees of other nationalities from Sweden. Norwegian police troops were also airlifted from Sweden to Finnmark. The air operation also shipped strategic freight; from July to October 1944, 64 tons of operational supplies such as ammunition were transported from Scotland to

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2176-589: The Netherlands and Germany, in 1913, he moved to England. There he trained to fly in a Caudron G.2 and worked as a technical draughtsmen for the Sopwith company. In 1917, Noorduyn was recruited to become the chief draughtsman for the British Aerial Transport company. (Chief designer of the company was another Dutchman: along with Frits Koolhoven ) British Aerial Transport or BAT however

2244-473: The Norseman was first fitted with floats, then skis and, finally, wheels. The final design looked much like Noorduyn's earlier Bellanca Skyrocket , a strut-braced high-wing monoplane with a welded steel tubing fuselage. Attached wood stringers carried a fabric covering that faired out the more refined shape. Its wing had a wood structure covered in fabric, except for steel tubing in the flaps and ailerons. The divided landing gear were fitted to fuselage stubs with

2312-668: The Norwegian Defense Department selected Balchen in 1925 to become part of the Amundsen-Ellsworth Relief Expedition, a rescue mission for the missing explorer Roald Amundsen under the command of Flight Lieutenant Lützow-Holm . The expedition consisting of two seaplanes, was sent to Spitsbergen on the Svalbard archipelago. This assignment would make Amundsen, already a family friend, a lifelong friend and confidant. During

2380-567: The South Geographic Pole. As well as being the first such flight, this would remain the fastest until succeeded by Pan Am Flight 50, a Boeing 747SP with U.S. registration N533PA, on October 28–30, 1977. (October 28, 1977 was the 50th anniversary of Pan Am's first (airmail) flight, from Key West, Florida to Havana, Cuba: about 90 miles.) As one of the world's foremost Arctic experts, Balchen was sought out by numerous companies and government agencies including Canada and Norway. Balchen

2448-763: The USAF presenting a proposal on the Apogee Intercept Defense System (AIDS) in 1962 and later, was the leading advocate for "Project Iceman", a proposed system of intermediate range ballistic missiles (IRBMs) stationed in Greenland. Colonel Balchen was among 27 passengers on board the first circumnavigation of the Earth over both poles. The aircraft was a brand-new, chartered Flying Tiger Line Boeing 707-349C jet with U.S. registration N322F, which had been modified with additional fuel tanks installed in

2516-683: The advent of the Second World War . By 1940, Noorduyn had sold only 17 aircraft, primarily to commercial operators in Canada's north and to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police . With the outbreak of war, demand for a utility transport led to large military orders. The Royal Canadian Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces became the two largest operators. The RCAF ordered 38 Norseman Mk.IVW s for radio and navigational training for

2584-436: The airplane for a flight to the North Pole. Under Balchen's supervision, the damaged aircraft skis were repaired with improvised wooden supports from a lifeboat's oars and some survival gear was loaned to Byrd for the flight. This enabled Byrd and his pilot, Floyd Bennett to continue with their attempt to fly to the North Pole and back on 9 May 1926. In 1926, under the sponsorship of Joseph Wanamaker, Balchen officially joined

2652-615: The aviation industry, his instruction from the Norwegian Government-in-exile in London changed to a new directive: to set up a training camp and school for expatriate Norwegian airmen and soldiers in Canada. Balchen negotiated directly with Canadian government officials to obtain an agreement to use available airport facilities at the Toronto Island airport on Lake Ontario known as " Little Norway ". During

2720-684: The beginning of 1929 to Bellanca in Wilmington, Delaware , where he designed the Bellanca Skyrocket . He was also heavily involved in the design of an improved version of the Bellanca Pacemaker , another favourite of bush flyers in Canada. In 1932, while at the Pitcairn-Cierva Autogyro Company of America, Noorduyn was responsible for the design of the first enclosed, four-seater autogiro,

2788-494: The centenary of Balchen's birthday, king Harald V unveiled a statue of Balchen in his home town Kristiansand. The Royal Norwegian Air Force ’s school in Kjevik has a bronze relief of Balchen, a gift from Sons of Norway . In 2012, when the Norwegian Air Force celebrated their 100 year anniversary, «Norsk Militær Luftmakt 100 år», the first airshow was held at Kjevik outside Kristiansand and named «Bernt Balchen Airshow». Balchen

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2856-448: The co-pilot with the chief pilot Bert Acosta ; the flight engineer, George Otto Noville and the navigator and air flight organizer, Commander Byrd, flew a U.S. Post Office airmail aircraft, Fokker trimotor America , across the Atlantic Ocean from Roosevelt Field on Long Island . Due to Acosta's reported lack of ability to successfully fly via aircraft instruments, and the foul weather for most of this flight, Balchen did most of

2924-558: The era. The prototype, serial number 1, CF-AYO, was designated the Norseman Mk.I . The next four aircraft (serial numbers 2, 3, 4 and 5) were Norseman Mk.IIIs . CF-AZA went to MacKenzie Air Service, Edmonton, Alberta , CF-AZE to Prospector Airways, Clarkson, Ontario, CF-AZS to Starrat Airways, Hudson, Ontario, and CF-BZM to Mackenzie Air Service, as CF-BAM . Several additional aircraft were to have been Mk.IIIs but were completed as Mk.IVs. CF-BAU , serial number 6, had minor changes that were required for it to be certified, and had

2992-635: The filming of " Captains of the Clouds " starring James Cagney . Principal aerial photography took place near North Bay, Ontario with CF-AYO carrying temporary registration "CF-HGO." CF-AYO was lost in a crash in Algonquin Park in 1952. Its wreckage currently is on display at the Canadian Bushplane Heritage Centre . Almost immediately, the Norseman proved itself to be a rugged, reliable workhorse with steady sales for

3060-525: The flying. Bad weather and low visibility over France made landing at the Paris airport impractical, despite their repeated attempts. When their aircraft was running low on aviation gasoline, Balchen decided to fly back to the western coast of France, and there he landed the Fokker Trimotor —-which was not designed for a water landing —- on the ocean with no injury to the occupants. In late April 1928

3128-503: The front passenger cabin. The route taken, between 14 and 17 November 1965, was from Honolulu , over the North Pole, to London ; Lisbon ; Buenos Aires ; before flying over the South Pole and continuing on to the last refueling stop at Christchurch before returning to Honolulu. Balchen was the only passenger allowed into the cockpit when the four pilots, who were all qualified Boeing 707 captains, performed four 360-degree loops over

3196-419: The legs secured with two bolts each to allow the alternate arrangement of floats or skis. The tail could be fitted with a wheel or skid. The first Norseman, powered by a Wright R-975 -E3 Whirlwind, was flight tested on floats on November 14, 1935, and was sold and delivered to Dominion Skyways Ltd. on January 18, 1936, registered as "CF-AYO" and named “Arcturus." In summer 1941, Warner Brothers leased CF-AYO for

3264-641: The loaded weight. Deliveries began mid-1942, with the US military eventually ordered 749 Norseman Mk.IVs as the C-64A (later UC-64A ). Throughout the Second World War, the USAAF Norseman aircraft were used in North America (primarily Alaska) as well as other in theaters of war, including Europe. Three UC-64As were used by the US Navy under the designation JA-1 . Six C-64B floatplanes were used by

3332-488: The manufacture of a new Norseman aircraft, being very labor-intensive, made it very expensive. Bernt Balchen Bernt Balchen (23 October 1899 – 17 October 1973) was a Norwegian pioneer polar aviator , navigator, aircraft mechanical engineer and military leader. A Norwegian native, he later became an American citizen and was a recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross . His service in

3400-432: The next year, Balchen became part of a ground party led by Lieutenant J. Höver, providing technical services for the Roald Amundsen, Lincoln Ellsworth and Umberto Nobile Arctic Expedition, ultimately a successful attempt to fly the lighter-than-air airship, Norge , over the North Pole from Svalbard to Teller, Alaska . Although he was a highly regarded mechanic, Balchen's main role was to provide survival training to

3468-431: The plane's navigator and leader of his First Antarctic Expedition. The flight was considered one of the greatest aviation achievements in history. Due to his reputation as a polar, transatlantic and aviation expert, Balchen was hired in 1931 by Amelia Earhart as a technical adviser for a planned solo transatlantic flight. In an attempt to throw off the press, Earhart turned over her repaired Lockheed Vega to Balchen who

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3536-417: The range of the Strategic Air Command , increased the capabilities that made the SAC a significant deterrent to Soviet aggression during the Cold War. After retiring from the U.S. Air Force in 1956, Colonel Balchen continued to serve the Air Force on special assignments and aviation and energy industries as a consultant. He joined General Precision Laboratories as a consultant in 1959, as well as working with

3604-401: The then undecided location of the cross-channel invasion of Europe. This latter air base had the code name "Bluie West Eight" during its operational life. Between September 1941 and November 1943, Balchen trained his personnel in cold weather survival skills and rescue techniques which enabled them to carry out many rescues of downed airmen on the Greenland icecap. On 25 May 1943, flying in

3672-431: The three-man crew of the aircraft Bremen was stranded on Greenly Island, Canada following the first east to west non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe. Balchen and Floyd Bennett flew a Ford Trimotor to provide relief to the downed pilots. Bennett had developed pneumonia following a previous crash. Bennett succumbed to his fever while in flight on 25 April. Balchen flew the remaining eight hours, and he

3740-528: The underground in occupied Norway. Life necessities like bales of hay and fodder for livestock were brought to areas in the north of Sweden and Norway, once even paradropping a hospital complete with a doctor and nurse. Between November 1944 and April 1945, Balchen also transported 200 tons of Arctic equipment and operational supplies from England to Sweden that were used to make secret overland transport from Sweden to Norway possible. During winter 1945, Balchen shipped communications equipment into northern Norway that

3808-399: The war, over 2,500 Norwegian aviators of all categories: pilots, navigators and mechanics, were trained in the various bases of "Little Norway". During 1940, with the "Little Norway" facilities under construction and his administrative duties taken over by others, Balchen requested permission from the Norwegian Air Force to fly ferrying missions for the British, teaming with Clyde Pangborn ,

3876-407: Was a Dutch-born American aircraft designer and manufacturer. He is best known for the Noorduyn Norseman , a legendary Canadian bush plane produced in the 1930s to 1940s and again in the 1950s. Noorduyn was born in Nijmegen , Netherlands , to a Dutch father, Bernardus Noorduijn (1860–1910), and an English mother, Harriet Ellen Churchill. After Noorduyn had received a technical training in

3944-425: Was a passenger on a UC-64A Norseman (s/n 44-70285) flown by F/O John R. S. Morgan which disappeared over the English Channel on December 15, 1944, possibly due being struck by bombs jettisoned from RAF Lancasters after an aborted raid. Another Norseman crashed into King Alfred's Tower , a 50 m (160 ft) tall Stourhead estate folly in Somerset, England, killing all five air crew in 1944. Postwar,

4012-423: Was also an expert marksman and an accomplished skier. Balchen was very knowledgeable about wilderness and northern survival, skills that he would later exploit. While waiting for his acceptance as an Olympian, Balchen received word that he also qualified for flight training, resulting in his decision to become a pilot in the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service in 1921. Gaining recognition as an accomplished pilot,

4080-492: Was assumed to be planning an Antarctic flight. Balchen flew the Vega to the Fokker Aircraft Company plant at Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey. There, he and the mechanics Frank Nagle and Eddie Gorski reconditioned the Vega for the upcoming record flight. Its fuselage was strengthened to carry extra fuel tanks that were added to provide a 420-gallon capacity, and some additional flight instruments were also installed. After modifications had been made, Earhart flew this Lockheed Vega across

4148-425: Was buried at the Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia . He is buried in Section 2, Grave 4969, next to Admiral Richard E. Byrd . Balchen received the Congressional Gold Medal in 1930 and the Harmon Trophy in 1956, both for his pioneering in aviation. He became honorary member of American Polar Society in 1966. The annual "International Aviation Snow Symposium", sponsored by the Northeast (U.S.) Chapter of

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4216-633: Was destroyed in a hangar fire in September 1951. In 1953, Noorduyn headed a group of investors who bought back the jigs and equipment from Canada Car and Foundry and started a new company called Noorduyn Norseman Aircraft Ltd. Bob Noorduyn became ill and died at his home in South Burlington, Vermont, on 22 February 1959. The company continued to provide support for operating Norseman aircraft and built three new Mk.Vs before selling its assets in 1982 to Norco Associates. Norco provided support services only, as Norseman aircraft manufacture wasn't seen as being likely to be profitable. The last Noorduyn Norseman built

4284-400: Was hired as a consultant by Hercules Oil, then Phillips Petroleum and Moran Towing on plans to extract oil from Alaska using pipelines. According to a 1972 article in The Christian Science Monitor , Balchen asserted that "a general warming trend over the North Pole is melting the polar ice cap and may produce an ice-free Arctic Ocean by the year 2000." In his native Norway, Balchen was

4352-464: Was of inestimable value to the Allied Expeditionary Force's intelligence operations. The leading Norwegian wartime ace Sven Heglund was acting military attaché and served with Balchen, later writing about his time at Kallax. Another Norwegian at Kallax during the same period, who became a good friend, was marine biologist and explorer-to-be Thor Heyerdahl , later of Ra I and II and Kon-Tiki fame. From November 1948 to January 1951, Balchen commanded

4420-429: Was paid $ 10,000 for the effort. Balchen donated the money to Bennett's widow. On 28–29 November 1929, as the pilot of a modified Ford 4-AT Trimotor named Floyd Bennett , Balchen became one of the first four men to fly over the South Pole . Balchen was the chief pilot, and he was accompanied by Harold June , his co-pilot and radio operator; Ashley McKinley , the flight's photographer; and Commander Richard E. Byrd ,

4488-442: Was responsible for the Fokker Universal , a popular utility transport that was particularly suitable for northern conditions. Many examples were sold to Canadian air carriers. The Fokker Universal and its follow-up Super Universal helped open the frontiers, fostering settlement and development of the north. In addition, Noorduyn worked on the re-design of the single-engine Fokker F.VIII into a twin-engined version. Noorduyn moved at

4556-432: Was short-lived. A victim of the changing tides following the end of World War I, it folded in 1919. By that time however, Anthony Fokker had returned from Germany and established a new factory in the Netherlands. Noorduyn returned just as well and found work with Fokker. Since Fokker wanted to expand into the USA, the company sent Noorduyn in 1921 to Teterboro to supervise a new manufacturing plant. In Teterboro, Noorduyn

4624-406: Was sold to a commercial customer on January 19, 1959. 903 Norseman Mk.I to Mk.V were produced and delivered to commercial and military customers. There are currently 42 Norseman aircraft on the active Canadian aircraft registry and 9 active in the United States. The number in use worldwide is not known. In recognition of the Norseman's role in serving northern Canada, the town of Red Lake, Ontario ,

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