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62-571: Nord-Trøndelag ( Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnûːˌʈrœndəlɑːɡ] ; "North Trøndelag") was a county constituting the northern part of the present-day Trøndelag county in Norway . It bordered the old Sør-Trøndelag ("South Trøndelag") county as well as the county of Nordland . To the west is the Norwegian Sea ( Atlantic Ocean ), and to the east is Jämtland in Sweden . The county

124-631: A 35-member county council . The Nord-Trøndelag County Governor is the state's representative in the county. The county is covered by three district courts , Inderøy District Court , located in Steinkjer, Stjør- and Verdal District Court in Levanger, and Namdal District Court in Namsos. All are subordinate Frostating Court of Appeal . The county is covered by Nord-Trøndelag Police District. Nord-Trøndelag also constitutes an electoral district for

186-604: A long and narrow fjord branch in the northern part of the fjord, might be ice covered in winter. The Beitstadfjorden might also freeze over in winter, but only for a few weeks. The towns of Stjørdalshalsen , Levanger , and Steinkjer are found on the eastern and northeastern shores of the fjord. Aker Verdal in Verdal Municipality produces large offshore installations for the petroleum sector. A yard in Indre Fosen Municipality completed

248-522: A main len . Up to 1660 the four principal len were headquartered at the major fortresses Bohus Fortress , Akershus Fortress , Bergenhus Fortress and the fortified city of Trondheim . The sub-regions corresponded to the church districts for the Lutheran church in Norway. These four principal len were in the 1530s divided into approximately 30 smaller regions. From that point forward through

310-441: A market-town, followed by Namsos in 1845 and Steinkjer in 1857. The number would gradually increase to 48. In 1851, Marcus Thrane 's public meetings caused riots demanding increased labor rights. The first steam-powered sawmill was established at Spillum in 1853, and forestry started becoming a profession, rather than a part-time work during the winter. From the late 18th century, sail ships started running in regular traffic along

372-616: A series of attacks to conquer Innherred. To counteract, the Innherred warlords established a marketplace in Steinkjer. In the Battle of Stiklestad , which took place in 1030, King Olaf Haraldsson was killed by a peasant army in a battle for supremacy over Trøndelag. In the following decades, despite the defeat of the Christian Olaf, Trøndelag was gradually Christianized, resulting in the construction of churches and two monasteries. By

434-537: A square lot of buildings, with the house, called a trønderlån , being thin and long. Fishing is an important industry along the coast, particularly in Ytre Namdal, and Trondheim Fjord is the fjord with the highest yield in Norway. Fish farming , particularly of salmon , has seen a rapid growth since the 1970s. Most of the fish is exported to Continental Europe, and to a less degree the Far East. Forty percent of

496-501: Is Norway 's third-longest fjord at 130 kilometres (81 mi) long. It is located in the west-central part of the country in Trøndelag county, and it stretches from Ørland Municipality in the west to Steinkjer Municipality in the north, passing the city of Trondheim on its way. Its maximum depth is 617 metres (2,024 ft), in the channel between Orkland Municipality and Indre Fosen Municipality . The largest islands in

558-455: Is 77.7 years for males and 82.4 years for females, both above the national average. There were 5,942 foreigners, or 4.5%, including Norwegian-born to immigrant parents. There were 4,699 people with foreign citizenship, the lowest for any county both in relative and absolute numbers. The largest sources of immigration are Eastern Europe and Asia. Christianity is the dominant religion. As of 2010, 5,061 (3.8%) people were not registered as members of

620-613: Is administered by the Governor of Svalbard , and Jan Mayen is administered by the County Governor of Nordland (but not part of Nordland). Every county has two main organisations, both with underlying organisations. From the consolidation to a single kingdom, Norway was divided into a number of geographic regions that each had its own legislative assembly or Thing , such as Gulating ( Western Norway ) and Frostating ( Trøndelag ). The second-order subdivision of these regions

682-490: Is based in Stjørdal, and its subsidiary Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust operates two hospitals, Levanger and Namsos . The traditional cuisine consisted of five meals per day, and contained herring , porridge , dairy products and flat bread, with the potato coming into use during the 19th century. Herring and potato became the standard meal for commoners. Local specialties include ginger ale , akvavit , sodd , while it

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744-579: Is broader and closer to Old Norse than what is spoken in Trondheim, with the broadest language being spoken in Innherred. The towns in Nord-Trøndelag have been more influenced by written Norwegian and Standard Østnorsk and have a less broad dialect. Compared to Sør-Trøndelag, there is a tendency of utjamning rather than tiljamning . The use of dative case is gradually disappearing. About 300 Sami people, who are concentrated around Snåsa, speak

806-639: Is for 2.9 TWh per year, all of which is owned by Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk (NTE). Owned by the county municipality and established in 1919, it also operates two wind farms , Vikna and Hundhammerfjellet . Aker Verdal manufacturers jackets for oil platforms ; established in 1976, it is among the largest employers in the county. The county had four folk high schools : Sund , Namdal , Skogn and Bakketun . The state-owned Nord-Trøndelag University College has campuses in Levanger, Steinkjer, Stjørdal and Namsos, and provides undergraduate education to 4,460 pupils. The Central Norway Regional Health Authority

868-499: Is named after the city of Trondheim , but originally the name of the fjord might have been just *Þrónd or *Þróund in Old Norse . A name like that would be related to the verb þróast , which means to 'thrive' or 'flourish' and the name Þrór , which means 'likeable' or 'stoutish' (and was one of Odin 's nicknames). If this is the case, then the people living around the fjord (the þrœndir ; see Trøndelag ) named themselves after

930-527: Is now Vestfold county: In 1760 Norway had the following stiftamt and amt : From 1919 each amt was renamed a fylke (plural fylke(r) ) (county) and the amtmann was now titled fylkesmann (county governor). The county numbers are from the official numbering system ISO 3166-2:NO , which originally was set up to follow the coastline from the Swedish border in the southeast to the Russian border in

992-407: Is primarily centered on services, although there are significant industries in agriculture, fisheries, hydroelectricity and forestry. It has the lowest gross domestic product per capita of any county in the country. Nord-Trøndelag covered 22,412 square kilometres (8,653 sq mi), making it the sixth-largest county, and it consisted of 23 municipalities. The district of Innherred runs along

1054-492: Is productive forest. Large private forest owners include Værdalsbruket and Meraker Brug , while municipalities own 178 square kilometers (69 sq mi). Norske Skog Skogn , established in 1962 and located at Skogn , is one of the largest companies in the county, and among Europe's largest producers of newsprint . Södra Cell Folla in Follafoss is a producer of pulp . Hydroelectricity production in Nord-Trøndelag

1116-603: Is the Levanger–Hokstad Ferry . Private road transport is dominant, as public transport is sparsely operated. The largest bus company is TrønderBilene . The Nordland Line is a railway that runs from Trondheim to Bodø , and it runs north–south through the county. South of Steinkjer, the Trøndelag Commuter Rail operates to Trondheim. There are also two other lines; the Meråker Line , part of

1178-643: Is the only county-wide newspaper , although the Trondheim-based Adresseavisen also covers the county. Namdalsavisa , published in Namsos, covers Namdalen. Local newspapers, most of which cover a single municipality, are Frostingen , Inderøyningen , Innherreds Folkeblad og Verdalingen , Levanger-Avisa , Lokalavisa Verran Namdalseid , Meråkerposten , Snåsningen , Steinkjer-Avisa , Stjørdalens Blad and Ytringen . The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation has offices in Steinkjer and runs radio programs exclusively for

1240-583: The Church of Norway . Of these, 2,581 (1.9%) were members of other Christian groups, while 1,762 (1.3%) were irreligious, 508 (0.3%) were Muslims, 158 were Buddhists, and 52 belonged to other religions. Trøndersk is a dialect of the Norwegian language which with minor modifications is spoken throughout Trøndelag and Nordmøre . It is characterized by the use of apocope , palatalization and retroflex flaps (thick "L"). The Trøndersk spoken in Nord-Trøndelag

1302-880: The Eidsivating , located in Oplandene with the seat at Eidsvoll : Counties under the Gulating , located in Vestlandet with the seat at Gulen : Counties under the Frostating , located in Trøndelag with the seat at Frosta : Counties not attached to a thing : Finnmark (including northern Troms ), the Faroe Islands , the Orkney Islands , Shetland (the Shetland Islands ),

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1364-587: The Hebrides , the Isle of Man , Iceland and Greenland were Norwegian skattland ("taxed countries"), and did not belong to any known counties or assembly areas. From the end of the 12th century, Norway was divided into several syssel . The head of the syssel was the syslemann , who represented the king locally. The following shows a reconstruction of the different syssel in Norway c. 1300, including sub- syssel where these seem established. From 1308,

1426-620: The Old Norse word fylki which means "district" or "county", but it is similar to the same root as "folk". It is similar in the minority languages in Norway: Northern Sami : fylka , Southern Sami : fylhke , Lule Sami : fylkka , Kven : fylkki . Prior to 1918, the counties were known as amt (singular) or amter (plural). Below is a list of the Norwegian counties, with their current administrative centres. The counties are administered both by appointees of

1488-475: The Parliament of Norway , consisting of six representatives. In 2007, Nord-Trøndelag had a gross domestic product (GDP) per capita NOK 242,895 and an income per capita of NOK 165,075, less than any other Norwegian county. For GDP per capita, Nord-Trøndelag lay at 67% of the national average, excluding the continental shelf , and lay just above a third of Oslo . Agriculture is most common east of

1550-462: The Southern Sami language . The Southern Sami language belongs to a different language family and is not mutually intelligible with the Norwegian language. Nord-Trøndelag County Municipality runs 3,000 kilometers (1,900 mi) of county roads, public transport, eleven upper secondary schools with 7,000 pupils, regional development and other minor issues. The county municipality is led by

1612-528: The 13th century, the Frostating laws had been codified, by which time all of Central Norway was under the thing, which developed into a court, which was moved to Nidaros in the 16th century. During the Viking Age , the population increased, reaching 20,000 by the mid-13th century. The Black Death killed off many people, and Nordli and Meråker were depopulated. Sami people immigrated from the north in

1674-548: The 1950s, the county has experienced a population growth below national levels. The axis north–south through the country past Grong and along the west side of Trondheim Fjord is a main transport artery, including the European Route E6 and the Nordland Line . Nord-Trøndelag bordered Nordland to the north, Sør-Trøndelag to the south, Sweden to the east and the Norwegian Sea to the west. The county seat

1736-707: The Norwegian Revue Festival is held in Høylandet every other year. Three bands Åge Aleksandersen , Hans Rotmo and DDE are the most successful music artists, having created the genre trønderrock. The former two had their breakthrough in the 1970s, while the latter had it in the 1990s. Levanger HK plays in Premier Women's Handball League. Saemien Sijte , located in Snåsa, is a center for Sami culture . Trønder-Avisa , published in Steinkjer,

1798-489: The Trondheimsfjord, the lower parts of Indre Namdal and Nærøy. 876 square kilometers (338 sq mi) of land is used for agriculture, of which 310 square kilometers (120 sq mi) is cereals , which is more dominant along the Trondheimsfjord. The county has ten percent of the country's agricultural output, and no other county has so high a percentage of its production from farming. Farms traditionally have

1860-574: The area was split into counties, with the current Nord-Trøndleag consisting of parts of Stjørdølafylke , Skøynafylke , Øynafylke , Verdølafylke , Sparbyggjafylke and Naumdølafylke . From the tenth century, the Frostating was established as a thing for all of the Trondheimsfjord area. The largest hof for worshiping Nordic mythology was at Mære and was a common site for animal sacrifice . In 997, Olaf Tryggvason established Nidaros (current-day Trondheim ), in Sør-Trøndelag, started

1922-534: The beginning of export of fish and lumber, and the first sawmills were established. In the 17th century, administration gradually shifted from that of warlords to vogt , a representative of the king in Copenhagen . Taxes were increased to finance the military, and in Nord-Trøndelag, farmers had to join the military to fight Sweden in Jämtland . In the 18th century, confirmation and schools were introduced, and

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1984-485: The beginning of the 17th century the number of subsidiary len was reduced, while the composition of the principal len became more stable. From 1660 Norway had nine principal len comprising 17 subsidiary len : Len written as län continues to be used as the administrative equivalent of county in Sweden to this day. Each len was governed by a lenman . With the royal decree of 19 February 1662, each len

2046-697: The biggest town in the county. There are local hospitals in Levanger and Namsos . A large part of the population lives near the large Trondheimsfjord , which is a central feature of the southern part of this county. In the north are other fjords, mainly the Namsenfjord and Foldafjord . Areas on the eastern and northeastern shore of Trondheimsfjord (mainly in Stjørdal , Frosta , Levanger , Inderøy , Verdal , and Steinkjer ) are fertile agricultural lowland, with grain fields and vegetables . Together with

2108-739: The border with Sweden, and coastal mountains with bare rock at the northern coast. The spruce forests occurs even at the coast, where some areas are classified as temperate rainforest (boreal rainforest, see Scandinavian coastal conifer forests ). There are several national parks in the county, among them Blåfjella–Skjækerfjella National Park (one of the largest in Norway), Børgefjell National Park (partly), Lierne National Park and Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park (partly). The first people in Nord-Trøndelag settled in Flatanger and Leka between 7500 and 6000 BCE, and were migrating northwards along

2170-403: The coast and in the fjord to Trondheim. Most natural resources were owned by the burgoise in Trondheim, as royal concession was needed for any exploitation. During the last half of the 19th century, tens of thousands of people emigrated to North America, with some communities losing just under half their population. Industrialization started in the 1838 with steamships in regular traffic along

2232-713: The coast, and later on Trondheimsfjord and Snåsavatnet. At the end of the 19th century, the Great Transformation took place, whereby the economy changed from being predominantly based on self-production to a professional trades. Crofts were abolished. The Meråker Line reached Hell in 1881, and in 1905 the Hell–Sunnan Line reached Sunnan . The first flight took off from Værnes in 1914, and in 1948 scheduled services were started to Oslo . As of 2010, Nord-Trøndelag had 131,555 inhabitants. There were 55,910 households, or 2.3 people per household. Life expectancy

2294-483: The coast. In about the same time, people moved upwards along the Trondheimsfjord. The first farmers migrated to Stjørdal around 2000 BCE in the Stone Age . Early agriculture was based mostly on animals, which allowed people to remain nomads and combine stockbreeding with gathering. Around 2300 to 2000 BCE, the spruce spread into the county, and by 1300 CE, the landscape was dominated by spruce like today. During

2356-413: The county has several large valleys and consists largely of unpopulated wilderness, including four national parks . Snåsavatnet is the largest lake, while major rivers include Namsen , Verdalselva and Stjørdalselva . Innherred was an important area during the Viking Age and featured the Battle of Stiklestad . The county was created in 1804 and was known as "Nordre Trondhjems amt" until 1919. Since

2418-641: The county is covered by forest, but about half of it is not profitable to log. Parts of the forests are preserved, including the Coastal Spruce Forest, which is the only place in Europe where spruce grows out to the coast. Up to 800,000 cubic meters (28,000,000 cu ft) of lumber is harvested each year, of which 95% is spruce and 3% is pine . Statskog , a government agency, owns 7,330 square kilometres (2,830 sq mi) of Nord-Trøndelag, of which1,068 square kilometers (412 sq mi)

2480-417: The county. European Route E6 runs north–south throughout eastern part the county, partially as a motorway . This route runs from Stjørdal via Steinkjer and Grong to Nordland. Other important routes in the county include E14 between Stjørdal via Meråker to Sweden, and County Road 17 from Steinkjer via Namsos and Nærøy to Nordland. Both passenger and car ferries operate on the coast, and in Trondheimsfjord

2542-430: The early Bronze Age , from 1800 to 1000 BCE, the first large graves were built in the Trondheimsfjord area. The earliest species of cereals grown was barley around 500 BCE, which was later supplemented with other cereals. In the first century CE, iron mining in swamps started in the easternmost parts of the country. Several small communities with blast furnaces were established, located several days walk from

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2604-484: The east side of the Trondheimsfjord , and is the most populated area, with much farming. To the south lies the district of Stjørdalen , while in the north, the larger district of Namdalen stretches from the Norwegian Sea to the mountains bordering Sweden. West of the Trondheimsfjord lays Fosen . Nord-Trøndelag bordered Sør-Trøndelag county to the south and Nordland county to the north. The western part of

2666-543: The fjord are Ytterøya and Tautra ; the small island of Munkholmen is located near the harbor of Trondheim; and there are several islands at the entrance of the fjord . The narrow Skarnsundet is crossed by the Skarnsund Bridge . The part of the fjord to the north of the strait is referred to as the Beitstadfjorden . The main part of the Trondheimsfjord is ice -free all year; only Verrasundet ,

2728-654: The fjord, not far from the city of Trondheim . Several of the best salmon rivers in Norway empty into the fjord. Among these are the rivers Gaula (on the border of Melhus Municipality and Trondheim Municipality ), Orklaelva (in Orkland Municipality ), Stjørdalselva (in Stjørdal Municipality ), and Verdalselva (in Verdal Municipality ). The lowland east and south of the fjord represents one of Norway's best agricultural areas. The more rugged and mountainous Fosen peninsula lies to

2790-591: The following two centuries. Archbishop of Nidaros , Olav Engelbrektsson , started building a fortress in Steinvikholmen in Stjørdal, which was completed in 1532, and became the center of the archdiocese. It remained until the Protestant Reformation in 1537, in which the king took over all church assets in the country, which consisted of nearly 40% of the land. Subsequently, the number of self-owning farmers increased. The 16th century also saw

2852-544: The good agricultural land, generating trade and occupational specialization. However, the mining industry stopped in the fifth century. In the following centuries, as part of the increased immigration due to the Migration Period , then a Germanic judicial system was introduced, which was a further development of the system launched during the mining era. In the fifth century, the first organizing of military took place, with constructions of small forts. Around this time,

2914-508: The grain fields in the Namdalen lowland, this forms the most northern grain cultivation area in Norway today. However, the spruce dominated forest (some birch) covers a much larger area, and Nord-Trøndelag is the second largest timber producing county in Norway (after Hedmark ). The forest and highland in Nord-Trøndelag is one of few places in Norway with four species of deer (moose, roe deer, red deer and reindeer). There are mountains near

2976-568: The line between Trondheim and Stockholm runs from Stjørdal to Meråker and onwards to Sweden. The Namsos Line is purely used for freight and goes from Grong to Namsos. All the railways are unelectrified. Trondheim Airport, Værnes , Norway's third-largest airport is located in Stjørdal , and serves most major airports in Norway, as well as European destinations. There are two regional airports , Namsos Airport, Høknesøra and Rørvik Airport, Ryum . The Coastal Express ferry service calls at Rørvik . Nord-Trøndelag has 23 municipalities as shown in

3038-465: The luxurious apartment ship MS The World . Fiborgtangen is a peninsula along the eastern shore of the fjord where a large paper mill owned by Norske Skog is located. The Trondheimsfjord has rich marine life , with both southern and northern species; at least 90 species of fish have been observed, and the fjord has the largest biological production among Norway's fjords. In recent years, deep water corals ( Lophelia pertusa ) were discovered in

3100-527: The map. Counties of Norway In 2017, the Solberg government decided to abolish some of the counties and to merge them with other counties to form larger ones, reducing the number of counties from 19 to 11, which was implemented on 1 January 2020. This sparked popular opposition, with some calling for the reform to be reversed. The Storting voted to partly undo the reform on 14 June 2022, with Norway to have 15 counties from 1 January 2024. Three of

3162-428: The national government and by their own elected bodies. The county numbers are from the official numbering system ISO 3166-2:NO , which originally was set up to follow the coastline from the Swedish border in the southeast to the Russian border in the northeast, but with the numbering has changed with county mergers. The island territories of Svalbard and Jan Mayen lie outside of the county system of Norway. Svalbard

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3224-409: The new county of Trøndelag , and several followed. In 2017, the Norwegian government announced the merge of the existing 19 fylker into 11 new fylker by 2020. As a result, several government responsibilities were transferred to the new regions. Trondheimsfjord The Trondheim Fjord or Trondheimsfjorden ( pronounced [ˈtrɔ̂nː(h)æɪmsˌfjuːɳ] ), an inlet of the Norwegian Sea ,

3286-478: The newly merged counties, namely Vestfold og Telemark , Viken and Troms og Finnmark , were dissolved and the old counties existing before the reform re-established with a few minor changes as some municipalities merged across former county borders and some switched counties during the 2020 local government reform ( Kommunereformen i Norge  [ no ] ). The counties in Norway are called fylke (singular) and fylker (plural). This name comes from

3348-400: The northeast, but the numbering has changed with county mergers. The number 13, 16 and 17 were dropped, and the number 50 was added to account for changes over the years. The lack of a county number 13 is due to the city of Bergen no longer being its own county, and is unrelated to fear of the number 13 . In 2018, Sør-Trøndelag was merged with Nord-Trøndelag into

3410-402: The potato was introduced during the 1770s. Parts of Namdalen was the target of immigrants from Eastern Norway , who cleared new land. In 1804, Trondhjems amt was split into two, with the northern part becoming Nordre Trondhjems amt. In 1919, it changed its name to Nord-Trøndelag. In 1838, the municipalities were created, and Nordre Trondhjems amt received 18. In 1836, Levanger received status as

3472-499: The term len (plural len ) in Norway signified an administrative region roughly equivalent to today's counties. The historic len was an important administrative entity during the period of Dano-Norwegian unification after their amalgamation as one state, which lasted for the period 1536 –1814. At the beginning of the 16th century the political divisions were variable, but consistently included four main len and approximately 30 smaller sub-regions with varying connections to

3534-420: The west and northwest, giving some shelter from the wind common to coastal areas. The Trondheimsfjord was an important waterway in the Viking Age , as it is still today. In 1888, an undersea mudslide caused a tsunami that killed one person in Trondheim and ruptured three railway lines. Four giant squid have been found in the fjord, which is among the highest concentrations in the world. The fjord

3596-467: Was common to use grævfisk and rakfisk (raw rotten fish) in the mountainous areas. Nord-Trøndelag Teater , located in Verdalsøra, is the only all-year professional theater. Since 1954, The Saint Olav Drama has been performed at Stiklestad , portraying the battle. Similarly, an outdoor midnight opera is held on Steinvikholmen portraying the historical events there. Amateur revue is popular, and

3658-499: Was designated an amt (plural amt ) and the lenmann was titled amtmann , from German Amt (office), reflecting the bias of the Danish court of that period. After 1671 Norway was divided into four principal amt or stiftsamt and there were nine subordinate amt : From 1730 Norway had the following amt : At this time there were also two counties ( Norwegian : grevskap ) controlled by actual counts , together forming what

3720-507: Was established in 1804 when the old Trondhjems amt was divided into two: Nordre Trondhjems amt and Søndre Trondhjems amt . In 2016, the two county councils voted to merge (back) into a single county on 1 January 2018. As of 1 January 2014, the county had 135,142 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth-least populated county. The largest municipalities are Stjørdal , Steinkjer (the county seat), Levanger , Namsos , and Verdal , all with between 24,000 and 12,000 inhabitants. The economy

3782-561: Was into fylker , such as Egdafylke and Hordafylke . In 1914, the historical term fylke was brought into use again to replace the term amt introduced during the union with Denmark . Current day counties (fylker) often, but not necessarily, correspond to the historical areas. Counties ( folkland ) under the Borgarting , located in Viken with the seat at Sarpsborg : Counties (first three fylke , last two bilandskap ) under

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3844-401: Was the town of Steinkjer , with 20,527 inhabitants (2005). The largest lake is Snåsavatnet and the largest river is Namsen , one of the best salmon rivers in Europe. Other well known salmon rivers are as Verdalselva and Stjørdalselva . Salsvatnet is the second-deepest lake in Europe, with a maximum depth of 482 metres (1,581 ft). Another lake in the area is Byavatnet . Stjørdal is

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