135-554: The Nordland Line ( Norwegian : Nordlandsbanen , Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnûːrlɑnsˌbɑːnn̩] ) is a 729-kilometer (453 mi) railway line between Trondheim and Bodø , Norway . It is the longest in Norway and lacks electrification. The route runs through the counties of Trøndelag (formerly Sør-Trøndelag and Nord-Trøndelag ) and Nordland , carrying a combination of commuter, long-haul passenger and freight trains. From Trondheim Central Station to Steinkjer Station
270-415: A branch from Grong to Namsos. In an 1892 report, a line from Trondheim via Beitstad to Namsos was estimated to be 212 kilometers (132 mi) long and would take 6 hours and 40 minutes. In comparison, the steam ships at the time used 16 hours. During the 1890s, public meetings were held throughout the area to rally support for public spending on the railway and for support for the most advantageous route for
405-552: A branch to Namsos. The county stated that they would not grant any district funding to the line unless a branch to Namsos was also passed. This was a high-stake game, as Parliament could as a counter-measure decide to not built the line to Grong. In 1912, the Norwegian Directorate of Mining proposed a branch of the Nordland Line from Grong to Tunnsjøen , where pyrite mining was planned. The decision to build
540-452: A bridge over Ranelva . These initially consisted of 33 hopper cars pulled by two Di 3s. During the 1960s the passenger trains were up to fourteen cars long, and would have to be hauled by two locomotives. Freight traffic increased beyond expectations with the opening of the Bodø extension. A direct freight train service from Oslo to Bodø was introduced in 1977, cutting travel time to 21 hours. It
675-421: A concrete ground floor and a wooden upper floor. The more monumental stations were Fauske in concrete and Bodø in brick. Hell station at the mouth of Stjørdalselva at the eponymous Stjørdalsfjord ( part of Trondheimsfjord ) is left northwards via Trondheim airport and the line crosses over to Åsenfjorden through the coastal hinterland. Vuddudalen is then used as natural corridor to Åsen , from where
810-529: A county railway committee published its recommendation, with the majority of three members recommending the Snåsa Line, while the minority of two members recommended the Beitstad Line. Nord-Trøndelag County Council voted over the issue on 13 June 1900, with 18 votes for the Snåsa Line and 12 for the Beitstad Line. The same year, Nordland County Council voted in favor of the Snåsa Line. In Nordland there
945-435: A distinct dialect at the level of farm clusters. Dialects are in some cases so dissimilar as to be unintelligible to unfamiliar listeners. Many linguists note a trend toward regionalization of dialects that diminishes the differences at such local levels; there is, however, a renewed interest in preserving dialects. Norwegian nouns are inflected for number (singular/plural) and for definiteness (indefinite/definite). In
1080-548: A few dialects, definite nouns are also inflected for the dative case . Norwegian nouns belong to three noun classes (genders): masculine, feminine and neuter. All feminine nouns can optionally be inflected using masculine noun class morphology in Bokmål due to its Danish heritage. In comparison, the use of all three genders (including the feminine) is mandatory in Nynorsk. All Norwegian dialects have traditionally retained all
1215-510: A fjord's flank northwards to Fauske , where it changes direction westwards to reach the end, Bodø . There is a mix of both local, regional and long-distance passenger and freight traffic on the Nordland Line. SJ Norge operate a daily intercity through service between Trondheim and Bodø, supplemented with a night service on the same route. These are operated using Di 4 locomotives with B5 carriages. SJ also operates morning trains from Mo i Rana to Trondheim, and from Mosjøen to Bodø, with return in
1350-467: A goal of ultimately extending the Nordland Line to Kirkenes . In early 1942 construction of two segments were started, north of Mo i Rana as well as the Polar Line which ran from Fauske and northward. This work was originally organized as part of Eisenbahnbaukommando Norwegian, with Organisation Todt responsible from March 1943. In addition to the Nordland Line, they were working on the completion of
1485-400: A high, sharply falling pitch in the first syllable and a low pitch in the beginning of the second syllable. In both accents, these pitch movements are followed by a rise of intonational nature (phrase accent)—the size (and presence) of which signals emphasis or focus, and corresponds in function to the normal accent in languages that lack lexical tone , such as English. That rise culminates in
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#17327733535811620-567: A line from Sunnan via Namsos to Grong was estimated at NOK 11.68 million and would be 122.5 kilometers (76.1 mi) long. Conversely, a line from Sunnan via Snåsa to Grong would cost NOK 6.59 million and would be 79.2 kilometers (49.2 mi) long. In addition, the branch from Grong to Namsos was estimated at 4.28 million and would be 48.4 kilometers (30.1 mi) long. Thus the Snåsa Line would be 4.1 kilometers (2.5 mi) shorter and 824,000 Norwegian krone cheaper. Both routes were based on municipal grants of NOK 500,000. In 1899,
1755-627: A margin of more than 2° over a 41,000-year period, owing to tidal forces resulting from the orbit of the Moon . Consequently, the Arctic Circle is currently drifting northwards at a speed of about 14.5 m (48 ft) per year. The word arctic comes from the Greek word ἀρκτικός ( arktikos : "near the Bear , northern") and that from the word ἄρκτος ( arktos : " bear "). The Arctic Circle
1890-506: A more grandiose expression, which stylewise represent a transition between Swiss chalet style and Dragon Style on the one hand and Art Nouveau on the other. Many of the smaller stations received a ground floor in stone and an upper story in wood. Steinkjer and Levanger were both built in plastered brick. The section from Sunnan to Grong was designed by Eivind Gleditsch and in a transitional style between Historicism and Neo Classism. Increased standardization had been taken into use and
2025-501: A noun, unlike English which has a separate article, the , to indicate the same. In general, almost all nouns in Bokmål follow these patterns (like the words in the examples above): In contrast, almost all nouns in Nynorsk follow these patterns (the noun gender system is more pronounced than in Bokmål): There is in general no way to infer what grammatical gender a specific noun has, but there are some patterns of nouns where
2160-499: A public grant to investigate a route to Gulf of Bothnia . Om 1875, Olsen proposed that a railway be built from Trondheim via Steinkjer and Namsos to Vestfjorden . That year, Nord-Trøndelag County Council established a committee to plan a railway from Stjørdal to Namsos, while Nordland County Council established a committee for a continuation of the line to Nordland. On 23 August 1876, the Nord-Trøndelag committee published
2295-468: A railway from Hell to Sunnan. Costs were estimated at 8.75 million Norwegian krone (NOK), of which 15 percent was to be financed with local grants and the remainder by the state. Construction was scheduled to take 15 years. The decision initially called for the railway to be built in two stages, with the split at Rinnan in Levanger—the site of the military camp Rinnleiret . Final approval of construction
2430-409: A report to encourage national authorities to consider the line, which resulted in surveying starting in 1877. On 27 April 1881, the committee made its recommendation to the county council and ceased its work. However, it was not until 1889 that the county council appointed a new railway committee, which was led by Wexelsen. In 1891, the county's road committee, led by Øverland, sent an official request to
2565-677: A rugged section often hugging the sides of fjords until Mo i Rana Station (497.98 km or 309.43 mi). From Mo the line runs up the Dunderland Valley at a 1.2% gradient. From Dunderland Station (543.03 km or 337.42 mi) the line climbs at a 1.8% gradient for 38.5 kilometers (23.9 mi) onto the Saltfjellet mountain plateau. It reaches its highest elevation just south of Stødi Station (581.46 km or 361.30 mi), at 680 meters (2,230 ft) above mean sea level, about 1.8 kilometers (1.1 mi) after passing
2700-421: A single language, to be called Samnorsk . A 1946 poll showed that this policy was supported by 79% of Norwegians at the time. However, opponents of the official policy still managed to create a massive protest movement against Samnorsk in the 1950s, fighting in particular the use of "radical" forms in Bokmål text books in schools. In the reform in 1959, the 1938 reform was partially reversed in Bokmål, but Nynorsk
2835-428: A single vote. The name Nynorsk , the linguistic term for modern Norwegian , was chosen to contrast with Danish and emphasise the historical connection to Old Norwegian. Today, this meaning is often lost, and it is commonly mistaken as a "new" Norwegian in contrast to the "real" Norwegian Bokmål. Bokmål and Nynorsk were made closer by a reform in 1938. This was a result of a state policy to merge Nynorsk and Bokmål into
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#17327733535812970-563: A supporting being built. Steinkjer is surrounded by a moraine which had to be traversed with a cutting, 85 meters (279 ft) long and up to 21 meters (69 ft) deep. 125,000 cubic meters (4,400,000 cu ft) of earthwork was removed, half with a steam shovel , and largely used to build reclaimed land for the railway's right-of-way through Steinkjer. The 3.0-kilometer (1.9 mi) long section from Hell to Stjørdal started revenue service on 1 February 1902. The 49.4-kilometer (30.7 mi) long section from Stjørdalshalsen to Levanger
3105-598: A temporary segment was opened past Bjerka Tunnel, allowing the final part to Mo to open on 21 March. The station was far from finished. The missing 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) to connect to the Dunderland Line were quickly built, opening on 5 May. The poor condition of the track meant that travel time on the 92 kilometers (57 mi) from Mosjøen to Mo was three hours. Much of the work on this section had to be corrected and improved afterwards. An estimated 18 workers were killed on this segment alone. The Wehrmacht had set
3240-441: A train traveling from Trondheim to Bodø crashed into a large rock that had fallen on the track. The train derailed, sliding down an embankment, towards the road below, which is European route E6 . The train driver was killed in this accident. Four passengers had to go to hospital. The rest of the 46 passengers escaped with minor bruises and were evacuated by bus. The locomotive's front end, some trees and smaller rocks ended up on
3375-413: Is Bokmål will study Nynorsk as a mandatory subject throughout both elementary and high school. A 2005 poll indicates that 86.3% use primarily Bokmål as their daily written language, 5.5% use both Bokmål and Nynorsk, and 7.5% use primarily Nynorsk. Thus, 13% are frequently writing Nynorsk, though the majority speak dialects that resemble Nynorsk more closely than Bokmål. Broadly speaking, Nynorsk writing
3510-411: Is a language form based on Norwegian dialects and puristic opposition to Danish. The now-abandoned official policy to merge Bokmål and Nynorsk into one common language called Samnorsk through a series of spelling reforms has created a wide spectrum of varieties of both Bokmål and Nynorsk. The unofficial form known as Riksmål is considered more conservative than Bokmål and is far closer to Danish while
3645-604: Is an official language. Along with Swedish and Danish , Norwegian forms a dialect continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional varieties; some Norwegian and Swedish dialects , in particular, are very close. These Scandinavian languages, together with Faroese and Icelandic as well as some extinct languages , constitute the North Germanic languages. Faroese and Icelandic are not mutually intelligible with Norwegian in their spoken form because continental Scandinavian has diverged from them. While
3780-651: Is installed on the whole line. The Nordland Line is owned and maintained by the Norwegian National Rail Administration . From Trondheim the line runs largely following the Trondheimsfjord to Steinkjer Station , traveling through the districts of Stjørdalen and Innherred . At Hell Station , 31.54 km (19.60 mi) from Trondheim, the Meråker Line branches off. North of Steinkjer (125.50 km or 77.98 mi)
3915-459: Is left after about 100 km further north at Smalåsen , where the Nordland Line changes to the Vefsna river corridor until Mosjøen , located at Vefsnfjord . To get to Mo i Rana , the route crosses inland over Drevjedalen valley, passing by Drevvatnet , in order to reach Elsfjord at the eponymous fjord and runs alongside its coastline via Bjerka to the main branch of Ranfjorden , where
4050-556: Is regulated by the Norwegian Academy , which determines acceptable spelling, grammar, and vocabulary. There is also an unofficial form of Nynorsk, called Høgnorsk , discarding the post-1917 reforms, and thus close to Ivar Aasen's original Landsmål. It is supported by Ivar Aasen-sambandet , but has found no widespread use. In 2010, 86.5% of the pupils in the primary and lower secondary schools in Norway receive education in Bokmål, while 13.0% receive education in Nynorsk. From
4185-719: Is the Antarctic Circle . The Arctic Circle marks the southernmost latitude at which, on the winter solstice (which is the shortest day of the year) in the Northern Hemisphere , the Sun will not rise all day, and on the Northern Hemisphere's summer solstice (which is the longest day of the year), the Sun will not set. These phenomena are referred to as polar night and midnight sun respectively, and
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4320-549: Is the largest settlement in the immediate vicinity of the Arctic Circle, lying 6 km (4 mi) south of the line. Salekhard (51,186) in Russia is the only city in the world located directly on the Arctic Circle. In contrast, the largest North American community north of the Arctic Circle, Sisimiut ( Greenland ), has approximately 5,600 inhabitants. In the United States, Utqiagvik, Alaska (formerly known as Barrow)
4455-639: Is the largest settlement north of the Arctic Circle with about 5,000 inhabitants. The largest such community in Canada is Inuvik in the Northwest Territories , with 3,137 inhabitants. Download coordinates as: The Arctic Circle is roughly 16,000 km (9,900 mi) in circumference. The area north of the Circle is about 20,000,000 km (7,700,000 sq mi) and covers roughly 4% of Earth's surface. The Arctic Circle passes through
4590-448: Is the southernmost latitude in the Northern Hemisphere at which the centre of the Sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for twenty-four hours; as a result, at least once each year at any location within the Arctic Circle the centre of the Sun is visible at local midnight , and at least once the centre is not visible at local noon . Directly on the Arctic Circle these events occur, in principle, exactly once per year: at
4725-459: Is to write in dialect for informal use. When writing an SMS, Facebook update, or fridge note, many people, especially young ones, write approximations of the way they talk rather than using Bokmål or Nynorsk. There is general agreement that a wide range of differences makes it difficult to estimate the number of different Norwegian dialects. Variations in grammar, syntax, vocabulary, and pronunciation cut across geographical boundaries and can create
4860-587: Is today to a large extent the same language as Bokmål though somewhat closer to the Danish language. It is regulated by the unofficial Norwegian Academy , which translates the name as 'Standard Norwegian'. The other is Høgnorsk ('High Norwegian'), a more purist form of Nynorsk, which maintains the language in an original form as given by Ivar Aasen and rejects most of the reforms from the 20th century; this form has limited use. Nynorsk and Bokmål provide standards for how to write Norwegian, but not for how to speak
4995-405: Is uvular [ ʁ ] or [ χ ] . And in the dialects of North-Western Norway, it is realized as [ r ] , much like the trilled ⟨rr⟩ of Spanish. Norwegian is a pitch-accent language with two distinct pitch patterns, like Swedish. They are used to differentiate two-syllable words with otherwise identical pronunciation. For example, in many East Norwegian dialects,
5130-496: Is widespread in western Norway, though not in major urban areas, and also in the upper parts of mountain valleys in the southern and eastern parts of Norway. Examples are Setesdal , the western part of Telemark county ( fylke ) and several municipalities in Hallingdal , Valdres , and Gudbrandsdalen . It is little used elsewhere, but 30–40 years ago, it also had strongholds in many rural parts of Trøndelag (mid-Norway) and
5265-473: The Arctic Circle . The line then descends for the next 40 kilometers (25 mi) at a 1.8% gradient until reaching almost sea level at Rognan Station (647.76 km or 402.50 mi), by which time it has reached the district of Salten . The section onward to Finneid Station (671.08 km or 416.99 mi) has steep terrain and the line hugs the mountainside, frequently entering tunnels. From Fauske
5400-545: The Arctic Ocean , the Scandinavian Peninsula , North Asia , Northern America , and Greenland. The land within the Arctic Circle is divided among eight countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States ( Alaska ), Canada ( Yukon , Northwest Territories , and Nunavut ), Denmark (Greenland), and Iceland (where it passes through the small offshore island of Grímsey ). The climate north of
5535-466: The Dano-Norwegian language that replaced Middle Norwegian as the elite language after the union of Denmark–Norway in the 16th and 17th centuries and then evolved in Norway, while Nynorsk was developed based upon a collective of spoken Norwegian dialects. Norwegian is one of the two official languages in Norway, along with Sámi , a Finno-Ugric language spoken by less than one percent of
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5670-587: The Germanic languages evolved, further branching off into the North Germanic languages , of which Norwegian is one. Proto-Norse is thought to have evolved as a northern dialect of Proto-Germanic during the first centuries AD in what is today Southern Sweden. It is the earliest stage of a characteristically North Germanic language, and the language attested in the Elder Futhark inscriptions,
5805-638: The Hanseatic League between 1250 and 1450 in the main Scandinavian cities brought large Middle Low German –speaking populations to Norway. The influence of their language on Scandinavian is comparable with that of French on English after the Norman conquest . In the late Middle Ages, dialects began to develop in Scandinavia because the population was rural and little travel occurred. When
5940-473: The June and December solstices , respectively. However, because of atmospheric refraction and mirages , and also because the sun appears as a disk and not a point, part of the midnight sun is visible, on the night of the northern summer solstice , at a latitude of about 50 minutes of arc (′) (90 km (56 mi)) south of the Arctic Circle. Similarly, on the day of the northern winter solstice , part of
6075-503: The Norwegian Campaign and new temporary structures had to be put up to replace them or the damages repaired. Operations from Grong to Mosjøen started on 5 July with an official opening two days later. NSB extended the daily Trondheim–Grong train to Mosjøen. In addition military trains were operated as needed. Due to shortcuts in the hasty completion, full operating speeds were not reached until 1 July 1942. With increased use of
6210-670: The Parliament of Sweden voted to build a narrow gauge railway from Torpshammar to the Norwegian border, where it would connect to the Sundsvall–Torpshammar Line . By 1874, Swedish authorities had decided that all railways should be built in standard gauge , and the Parliament of Norway chose to change their configuration to the same gauge in 1874, increasing estimated costs from NOK 4.7 to 8.9 million. In Trondheim,
6345-564: The Reformation came from Germany, Martin Luther 's High German translation of the Bible was quickly translated into Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic. Norway entered a union with Denmark in 1397 and Danish, over time, replaced Middle Norwegian as the language of the elite, the church, literature, and the law. When the union with Denmark ended in 1814, the Dano-Norwegian koiné had become
6480-602: The Skogn area, still at the Trondheimsfjord, is reached. Further north, the route runs along the eastern shore of the aforementioned fjord, partly inland, via Verdalsøra to Steinkjer , which marks one end of Beitstadfjorden . Coming up Snåsavatnet , where Nordland Line runs alongside the southern shore to Snåsa . From here on, the line crosses over to Namdalen , having been built around Snorronfjellet on its way to Formofoss (and Grong ). The Namsen valley corridor
6615-656: The Sørlandet Line . Beginning in September 1942, the workforce was supplemented by prisoners of war . The number reached 21,600 on the Nordland and Polar Lines by 1945, distributed between 47 camps. An estimated ten percent of these died before the war ended. The 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from Storforshei to Grønfjelldal was completed in April 1943. The last opening during the war was to Dunderland on 1 May 1945. At
6750-556: The Trøndelag Commuter Rail on 1 September 1993, of which the main service ran from Steinkjer to Trondheim. The initial plans called to the continued use of the Class 92 rolling stock, but saw change in schedules and the upgrading platforms for NOK 15 million. The service from Trondheim to Steinkjer had ten daily round trips. After six months operation, the service had experienced a 40 percent growth in patronage. This
6885-465: The new NSB . From 1994, Di 6 and Di 8 locomotives were introduced, but the Di ;6 proved unreliable and returned to the manufacturer. NSB decided to improve their commuter rail service with the closing of several stations for the commuter train service. Fifty percent of the stations were responsible for only two percent of the traffic, and NSB instead wanted buses to transport people to
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#17327733535817020-405: The 182-kilometer (113 mi) section from Grong to Mosjøen. The detailed plans were split between two routes, the first from Storforsen til Mosjøen approved the following year and the rest of the line in 1926. Due to high unemployment, work on sections at Spelruem and Gullsmedvik started in late 1923. The main route discussion involved where to run the line immediately north of Grong, where a detour
7155-475: The 20th century, being used by large newspapers, encyclopedias, and a significant proportion of the population of the capital Oslo, surrounding areas, and other urban areas, as well as much of the literary tradition. Since the reforms of 1981 and 2003 (effective in 2005), the official Bokmål can be adapted to be almost identical with modern Riksmål. The differences between written Riksmål and Bokmål are comparable to American and British English differences . Riksmål
7290-526: The Arctic Circle is generally cold, but the coastal areas of Norway have a generally mild climate as a result of the Gulf Stream , which makes the ports of northern Norway and northwest Russia ice-free all year long. In the interior, summers can be quite warm, while winters are extremely cold. For example, summer temperatures in Norilsk , Russia will sometimes reach as high as 30 °C (86 °F), while
7425-648: The Dovre Line to Lundamo Station . Travel time from Trondheim to Steinkjer is 2 hours and 6 minutes. The services are operated with Class 92 diesel multiple units. Intermodal cargo trains are operated by CargoNet . They run from Oslo and Trondheim, unloading containers in Mo i Rana, Fauske and Bodø. Cargolink's trains also carry cars. CargoNet operates two trains per day, using 11 hours and 35 minutes from Trondheim, and 20 hours from Oslo. Cargolink operates once per week. Since 2011 they have also operate iron ore trains through
7560-484: The Dunderland Valley to Mo i Rana. The 3,400-tonne trains consist of 35 hopper cars of ore. These operate six times per day, each taking 45 minutes. There are also some lumber trains, mostly operating out of Formofoss Lumber Terminal. CargoNet hauls using Vossloh Euro, while Cargolink uses Di 6 locomotives, respectively. The Nordland Line is exposed to landslides and rockfall in many places. Rocks on train tracks can derail trains or cause other accidents. On 24 October 2024
7695-460: The E6. The accident severed Norway's main arterial road, the E6, cutting Norway in two. One detour, using FV17, involved a ferry ship crossing between Levang and Nesna, with very long waiting times. The other detour ran along FV73 and European route E12 , through Sweden. Both detours were lengthy and costly. Bane NOR announced on Sunday 27 October 2024 that they had to interrupt their attempts to clear
7830-455: The Ministry of Culture, official spelling, grammar, and vocabulary for the Norwegian language. The board's work has been subject to considerable controversy throughout the years. Both Nynorsk and Bokmål have a great variety of optional forms. The Bokmål that uses the forms that are close to Riksmål is called moderate or conservative , depending on one's viewpoint, while the Bokmål that uses
7965-590: The Namsos Line was taken by Parliament in 1913. Work started in 1916 and it was opened in 1934. The main train service became a daily round trip from Trondheim to Namsos, using four and half hours to Grong. Politicians in Nordland started work to get a railway to Nordland upon decision to build the Hell–Sunnan Line. The line from Grong to Bodø was passed as part of a national railway plan approved by Parliament on 17 November 1923. This involved first building
8100-412: The Nordland Line was carried out on 7 June 1962 by King Olav V. The mines at Storforsrei reopened in 1964 and again needed to use the railway for transport, being hauled by Di 3s. Loading took place in a 700-meter (2,300 ft) tunnel. From 1983 the ore at Storforshei was depleted and mining moved to Ørtfjell, 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) further north. This required the construction of a branch line with
8235-524: The Nordland Line was defined as running from Hell to Bodø, but the National Rail Administration has officially classified it as running from Trondheim Central Station to Bodø, a distance of 728 kilometers (452 mi). This makes it the longest railway line in Norway. It is single track , standard gauge , but not electrified . Centralized traffic control is installed south of Mosjøen, with partial automatic train control . GSM-R
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#17327733535818370-487: The Salten Commuter Rail, which ran a higher frequency of departures between Rognan and Bodø. This service has become a success. This was not the case when the same trains were put in as replacements on the intercity trains. Although allowing for almost an hour faster travel, they had fewer amenities and little space. Passengers protested, and after trials from 2003, Di 4s with carriages were reintroduced during
8505-622: The Sun may be seen up to about 50′ north of the Arctic Circle. That is true at sea level ; those limits increase with elevation above sea level , although in mountainous regions there is often no direct view of the true horizon. The largest communities north of the Arctic Circle are situated in Russia, Norway, and Sweden: Murmansk (population 295,374) and Norilsk (178,018) in Russia; Tromsø (75,638) in Norway, Vorkuta (58,133) in Russia, Bodø (52,357) and Harstad (24,703) in Norway; and Kiruna , Sweden (22,841). Rovaniemi (62,667) in Finland
8640-518: The afternoon. There are also seven additional trains in each direction from Rognan or Fauske to Bodø. These are all operated with Class 93 multiple units. Travel time between Trondheim and Bodø is 9 hours and 50 minutes, while the commuter service from Rognan to Bodø takes 1 hour and 5 minutes. South of Steinkjer SJ operates the Trøndelag Commuter Rail . It operates with a fixed hourly headway with some additional rush-hour services, in total nineteen services per day. These run to Trondheim and onwards along
8775-405: The area. Land-owners were compensated NOK 50–200 per hectare (2.5 acres) for cultivated land, and NOK 10 per hectare for forest. Many local farmers made good money offering transport of cargo for the construction, as well as renting out annexes for navvies; others made money as traders. As with all such construction areas, many legal and illegal pubs and brothels were established. After construction
8910-407: The closest railway station, which would reduce overall transport time for most passengers. From 7 January 2001, a fixed, hourly headway was introduced on the trains from Steinkjer to Trondheim. From June 2001, NSB introduced additional rush-hour trains between Trondheim and Steinkjer, giving a half-hour headway. NSB introduced their Class 93 locomotives in 2001: starting on 7 January they were used on
9045-399: The dialects and comparing the dialects among the different regions. He examined the development of Icelandic , which had largely escaped the influences under which Norwegian had come. He called his work, which was published in several books from 1848 to 1873, Landsmål , meaning 'national language'. The name Landsmål is sometimes interpreted as 'rural language' or 'country language', but this
9180-596: The dialects. The retroflex consonants only appear in East Norwegian dialects as a result of sandhi , combining / ɾ / with / d / , / l / , / n / , / s / , and / t / . The realization of the rhotic / ɾ / depends on the dialect. In Eastern, Central, and Northern Norwegian dialects, it is a flap [ ɾ ] , whereas in Western and Southern Norway, and for some speakers also in Eastern Norway, it
9315-644: The eighth grade onwards, pupils are required to learn both. Out of the 431 municipalities in Norway, 161 have declared that they wish to communicate with the central authorities in Bokmål, 116 (representing 12% of the population) in Nynorsk, while 156 are neutral. Of 4,549 state publications in 2000, 8% were in Nynorsk, and 92% in Bokmål. The large national newspapers ( Aftenposten , Dagbladet , and VG ) are published in Bokmål or Riksmål. Some major regional newspapers (including Bergens Tidende and Stavanger Aftenblad ), many political journals, and many local newspapers use both Bokmål and Nynorsk. A newer trend
9450-461: The end of the war in May 1945, NSB took control over the construction. They shifted focus towards bringing the existing line up to standards. The Dunderland Line was bought by the state and taken over by NSB on 1 July 1947. Class 87 diesel multiple units were introduced between Elsfjord and Mosjøen, later extended to Majavatn, until 1951. An express train started running directly from Trondheim in 1949 and
9585-522: The era, Few of these buildings remain intact, as they have mostly been expanded later. Blix' buildings were freer modeled, often taking an asymmetrical shape to suit its function. Stylistically the buildings have Medieval and New Gothic inspiration. The exception is Trondheim Central Station, a plastered brick building designed by Balthazar Lange in New Renaissance style. Stations along the Hell–Sunnan Line were designed by Paul Due . These had
9720-399: The existing Trondhjem–Støren Line terminated at a station at Kalvskinnet . This was a cul-de-sac station, and to allow the two lines to interconnect, a new station was built at Brattøra , costing NOK 1.4 million. The river of Stjørdalselva created a barrier just north of Hell , and it would be cheaper to make the line go on the south shore of the river down to Hegra . However,
9855-403: The final syllable of an accentual phrase, while the utterance-final fall common in most languages is either very small or absent. There are significant variations in pitch accent between dialects. Thus, in most of western and northern Norway (the so-called high-pitch dialects) accent 1 is falling, while accent 2 is rising in the first syllable and falling in the second syllable or somewhere around
9990-594: The first train ran from Rotvoll Station , just outside Trondheim, to the national border. Before the line was finished in Sweden, the Norwegian State Railways operated a train once per week from 11 February 1880. Full service was introduced on 17 October 1881, though the line was not yet completed to Östersund ; nor did Trondheim Central Station open until 1882. The official opening was on 22 July 1882. The work paid well, and attracted many navvies to
10125-680: The following day. In 1896, Olsen applied for a concession to build a railway up the Dunderland Valley to connect his mining claims to Mo i Rana, but this was rejected by the state. However, in 1902, the Dunderland Iron Ore Company started building a private railway to connect its mine at Storforshei to their port at Gullsmedvik in Mo. It was officially handed over from the construction company on 1 November 1904. Revenue service started in 1906. The mine only operated in three short periods, from 1906 to 1908, from
10260-501: The forms that are close to Nynorsk is called radical . Nynorsk has forms that are close to the original Landsmål and forms that are close to Bokmål. Opponents of the spelling reforms aimed at bringing Bokmål closer to Nynorsk have retained the name Riksmål and employ spelling and grammar that predate the Samnorsk movement. Riksmål and conservative versions of Bokmål have been the de facto standard written language of Norway for most of
10395-589: The further north one progresses, the more pronounced these effects become. For example, in the Russian port city of Murmansk , three degrees above the Arctic Circle, the Sun does not rise above the horizon for 40 successive days in midwinter. The position of the Arctic Circle is not fixed and currently runs 66°33′50.2″ north of the Equator . Its latitude depends on the Earth's axial tilt , which fluctuates within
10530-498: The gender can be inferred. For instance, all nouns ending in - nad will be masculine in both Bokmål and Nynorsk (for instance the noun jobbsøknad , which means 'job application'). Most nouns ending in - ing will be feminine, like the noun forventning ('expectation'). Arctic Circle The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles , and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth at about 66° 34' N. Its southern equivalent
10665-555: The language. No standard of spoken Norwegian is officially sanctioned, and most Norwegians speak their own dialects in all circumstances. Thus, unlike in many other countries, the use of any Norwegian dialect, whether it coincides with the written norms or not, is accepted as correct spoken Norwegian. However, in areas where East Norwegian dialects are used, a tendency exists to accept a de facto spoken standard for this particular regional dialect, Urban East Norwegian or Standard East Norwegian (Norwegian: Standard østnorsk ), in which
10800-456: The line built with a narrow gauge. Shares in the railway company were offered for sale in 1871, of which NOK 1.2 million was bought by Trondheim Municipality. The Parliament of Norway rejected the line the same year, although it resulted in a local railway committee being established. Legislation to build the line was passed by Parliament on 2 May 1872. The state would receive shares in the company equal to their monetary contribution. In 1873,
10935-584: The line follows the east shore of Snåsavatnet until Snåsa Station (181.64 km or 112.87 mi), passing into the district of Namdal . At Grong Station (219.54 km or 136.42 mi) the line intersects with the Namsos Line. It continues up the valley through an inland route and passes into the district of Helgeland . There it reaches a summit of 320 meters (1,050 ft) above sea level at Majavatn Station (321.74 km or 199.92 mi) before descending back to sea level near Mosjøen Station (406.01 km or 252.28 mi). The line continues along
11070-423: The line further north, they could be used to Bodø from 1986. NSB introduced Class 92 diesel multiple units in 1985, cutting travel time on local services between Steinkjer and Trondheim by 25 minutes. A morning service from Mo i Rana to Trondheim with a return in the afternoon was introduced from 1986. A similar morning train from Mosjøen to Bodø with return in the afternoon was introduced from 1990. NSB launched
11205-468: The line heads west to Bodø Station . A committee to look into building a railway northwards from Trondheim was established in 1870. The goal was to build a railway which connected to Jämtland , Sweden. Similar investigations were carried out on the Swedish side of the border. An early alternative to build via Verdal was discarded. The line was at first estimated to cost 4.7 million Norwegian krone and
11340-641: The line is most heavily used, with hourly services by the Trøndelag Commuter Rail . There are three branch lines—the Stavne–Leangen Line at Leangen Station , the Meråker Line at Hell Station and the Namsos Line at Grong Station . The section from Trondheim to Hell opened on 22 July 1882. The next section, initially the Hell–Sunnan Line , opened in stages between 1902 and 1905. The line
11475-494: The line run further up and cross through Steinkjersannan and Furuskogen—and thus avoid the town itself—was discarded because it would wreck the military camp at Steinkjersannan and would be located too far from the port. Four navvies were killed during construction, three in a landslide in a trench and one by a piling log, all in Levanger. Construction on the line's second part, from Levanger to Sunnan, started in 1901. Part of
11610-509: The line was taken into use. Once the war was finished the investments on the line fell dramatically. The next stage, to Røkland, was not opened until 1 December 1955. With this a direct freight and passenger train operated north of Mo i Rana, while previously all trains had been locals terminating there. NSB's first diesel locomotive, Di 1 was used from Trondheim to Mo from 1953. The following year also Di 3 locomotives were used, which gradually were taken into use on more and more trains. The line
11745-441: The line, several Class 63 locomotives were imported from Germany for use on the line. Later Class 30 and 32 were used further south. Work north of Mosjøen, on the 41.6-kilometer (25.8 mi) section to Elsfjord, started in 1935, based on a detailed plan approved by Parliament the same year. Proposals were made for the line running on either side of Elsfjorden, with the east side ultimately chosen. A major dispute on this segment
11880-410: The local area. The Beitstad Line would run through areas with a population three to four times that of the Snåsa Line. All previous railway lines were built following the route which gave the most people a service, as this gave the best economic impact and would create more revenue for the railway, making it more profitable. Namsos was also the gateway to Nærøy Municipality and Vikna Municipality . On
12015-629: The local population. Around 1030, Christianity came to Scandinavia , bringing with it an influx of Latin borrowings and the Roman alphabet . These new words were related to church practices and ceremonies, although many other loanwords related to general culture also entered the language. The Scandinavian languages at this time are not considered to be separate languages, although there were minor differences among what are customarily called Old Icelandic, Old Norwegian , Old Gutnish , Old Danish, and Old Swedish . The economic and political dominance of
12150-459: The major population center was located at Stjørdalshalsen , on the north shore of the river. Locally, there were many protests against the line bypassing such a large town, but the cost of the bridge made parliament choose the southern alternative. This gave residents in Stjørdal a considerably longer route to the train, since they had to cross the river to get access to the railway. This decreased
12285-415: The mid-1920s to 1931 and from 1937 to 1939. The original proposal called for the line to run from Steinkjer via Beitstad to Namsos and onwards to Nordland. Connecting Namdalen to the railway network was seen as important to ease export both of lumber, farm produce and seafood. In 1877, Grong Municipal Council instead proposed building the Nordland Line from Steinkjer via Snåsa to Grong and instead build
12420-486: The mother tongue of around 1% of the population. From the 1840s, some writers experimented with a Norwegianised Danish by incorporating words that were descriptive of Norwegian scenery and folk life, and adopting a more Norwegian syntax. Knud Knudsen proposed to change spelling and inflection in accordance with the Dano-Norwegian koiné , known as "cultivated everyday speech." A small adjustment in this direction
12555-422: The mouth of Ranelva is located right at the fjord's northern end, in Mo i Rana. Ranelvas valley acts as traffic corridor both for European route E6 and the railway and it then leads up to the crossing of Polar circle an, a little bit northwards, the line's summit at about 700m above sea level ( Saltfjellet ). Downhill, Saltelva valley is used until Rognan at Saltdalsfjorden . Again, the route runs alongside
12690-426: The next year a night train service was introduced. Sleeping cars to Mo i Rana were introduced in 1956, and to Mosjøen in 1970. The preliminary earthworking on route up to Lønsdal was finished by the end of the war, and this segment of the line could open on 8 December 1947. Work was carried out along the entire line until Fauske, and for instance, the bridge across Finneidstrømmen was completed in 1947, ten years before
12825-421: The northbound lane of the E6, between Bjerka and Finneidfjord. Police had closed both Nordlandsbanen and E6 until further notice, to investigate the cause of the accident, evaluate risks of further rockslides and organize a towing operation for the derailed train cars. There were also some fears that the locomotive and one or more train cars could slide further down the embankment, so it was deemed unsafe to reopen
12960-417: The oldest form of the runic alphabets . A number of inscriptions are memorials to the dead, while others are magical in content. The oldest are carved on loose objects, while later ones are chiseled in runestones . They are the oldest written record of any Germanic language. East Germanic languages West Germanic languages Icelandic Faroese Norwegian Danish Swedish Around 800 AD,
13095-461: The other hand, the Snåsa Line would be 52 kilometers (32 mi) shorter. It was further argued that Beitstad did not need a railway as it was connected to the Trondheimsfjord and that a branch line to Namsos would be built anyway. All municipalities in Namdalen, except Grong, supported the Beitstad Line, while municipalities from Steinkjer and south supported the Snåsa Line. In 1899, the cost of
13230-810: The population. Norwegian is one of the working languages of the Nordic Council . Under the Nordic Language Convention , citizens of the Nordic countries who speak Norwegian have the opportunity to use it when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable for any interpretation or translation costs. Like most of the languages in Europe, Norwegian derives from Proto-Indo-European . As early Indo-Europeans spread across Europe, they became isolated from each other and new languages developed. In northwest Europe,
13365-442: The principles of Norwegian orthography, e.g. zebra in Norwegian is written sebra . Due to historical reasons, some otherwise Norwegian family names are also written using these letters. Some letters may be modified by diacritics : é , è , ê , ó , ò , and ô . In Nynorsk, ì and ù and ỳ are occasionally seen as well. The diacritics are not compulsory, but may in a few cases distinguish between different meanings of
13500-628: The railway committee, asking for details about their plans, so the appropriate roads could be planned. This spurred the committees work and a cooperation with Nordland County Council was initiated to increase the projects priority by national politicians. The railway was also regarded as having a strategic importance for the postal service and the military , as transport times northwards would decrease significantly and be less affected by severe weather, which particularly during winter could hinder efficient steam ship transport. On 2 March 1896, with 87 against 27 votes, Parliament passed legislation approving
13635-491: The railway's ability to compete with the steam ships and thus the overall profitability of the line. The first blasting was performed during a ceremony in 1875, but the real work did not start until 1876. Construction of the last section into Trondheim, along with the station, did not start until 1878, due to disagreements about the plans. By 1878, tracks were laid from Leangen to the border between Nedre Stjørdal and Øvre Stjørdal (54 km or 34 mi). On 27 August 1879,
13770-523: The reason for the early start was to help employ older navvies who were working on the southern section during the summer. At Røra , a spur was originally planned to Hylla , but this was discarded late in the planning phase. At Hellem in Inderøy the right-of-way had to be moved because of poor soil mechanics. There were similar issues north of the Lunnan Tunnel, forcing the tunnel to be extended and
13905-414: The route meant all supplies had to freighted in on the fjord. Food to the workers remained one of the most difficult logistical challenges, both regarding procurement and transport to the sites. Any conceivable short-cut was taken during the work if it could be allowed to speed up the opening date. Ties were cut into the ice during the winter instead of waiting for summer, and in the unfinished Falkmo Tunnel
14040-750: The script was simplified to the Younger Futhark , and inscriptions became more abundant. At the same time, the beginning of the Viking Age led to the spread of Old Norse to Iceland , Greenland , and the Faroe Islands . Viking colonies also existed in parts of the British Isles , France ( Normandy ), North America, and Kievan Rus . In all of these places except Iceland and the Faroes, Old Norse speakers went extinct or were absorbed into
14175-404: The so-called Veggli Class or variations of it were used on most smaller station through Namdal. As the line continued northwards, reduced spending on architectural elegance caused simpler and simpler designs in wood. Once the line reached Salten it was evident that steam traction would soon be history and the functional layout of the stations changed. In Salten the smaller stations typically received
14310-606: The southern part of northern Norway ( Nordland county). Today, Nynorsk is the official language of not only four of the nineteen Norwegian counties but also various municipalities in five other counties. NRK , the Norwegian broadcasting corporation, broadcasts in both Bokmål and Nynorsk, and all governmental agencies are required to support both written languages. Bokmål is used in 92% of all written publications, and Nynorsk in 8% (2000). Like some other European countries, Norway has an official "advisory board"— Språkrådet (Norwegian Language Council)— that determines, after approval from
14445-450: The summers from 2003 and all year from 2007. From 2006 the sleeper services were cut from Mosjøen and Mo i Rana. The Nordland Line had not received NSB's first generation of train radio, Scanet , so was among the first lines to receive GSM-R from 1 December 2004. NSB's cargo division, CargoNet, introduced EMD Class 66 locomotives from 2003. These were replaced with Vossloh Euro in 2010. Centralized traffic control from Grong to Majavatn
14580-610: The syllable boundary. The pitch accents (as well as the peculiar phrase accent in the low-tone dialects) give the Norwegian language a "singing" quality that makes it easy to distinguish from other languages. Accent 1 generally occurs in words that were monosyllabic in Old Norse , and accent 2 in words that were polysyllabic. The Norwegian alphabet has 29 letters. The letters c , q , w , x and z are only used in loanwords . As loanwords are assimilated into Norwegian, their spelling might change to reflect Norwegian pronunciation and
14715-401: The three grammatical genders from Old Norse to some extent. The only exceptions are the dialect of Bergen and a few upper class sociolects at the west end of Oslo that have completely lost the feminine gender. According to Marit Westergaard , approximately 80% of nouns in Norwegian are masculine. Norwegian and other Scandinavian languages use a suffix to indicate definiteness of
14850-428: The ties were placed right on bedrock due to insufficient height. Blasting of Hattflåget Tunnel was particularly difficult, where lack of controls caused part of the tunnel to collapse during construction. The segment to Bjerka Station opened on 21 February 1942. The section onward to Finneidfoss could not be opened due to a slide in a cutting north of Bjerka, caused by erroneous earth-moving techniques. To reach Mo i Rana
14985-415: The train wreck, because the mountain slope was still moving. An earlier announcement about reopening E6 turned out to be too optimistic, when Statens Vegvesen announced on 28 October 2024 that E6 would remain closed until at least Friday 1 November 2024, with a new evaluation of the situation scheduled for Thursday 31 October 2024. SJ Norge announced that all trains were stopped and no replacement transport
15120-475: The two Germanic languages with the greatest numbers of speakers, English and German, have close similarities with Norwegian, neither is mutually intelligible with it. Norwegian is a descendant of Old Norse , the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Age . Today there are two official forms of written Norwegian, Bokmål (Riksmål) and Nynorsk (Landsmål), each with its own variants. Bokmål developed from
15255-426: The unofficial Høgnorsk is more conservative than Nynorsk and is far closer to Faroese , Icelandic and Old Norse . Norwegians are educated in both Bokmål and Nynorsk. Each student gets assigned a native form based on which school they go to, whence the other form (known as Sidemål ) will be a mandatory school subject from elementary school through high school. For instance, a Norwegian whose main language form
15390-447: The vocabulary coincides with Bokmål. Outside Eastern Norway , this spoken variation is not used. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, Danish was the standard written language of Norway. As a result, the development of modern written Norwegian has been subject to strong controversy related to nationalism , rural versus urban discourse, and Norway's literary history. Historically, Bokmål is a Norwegianised variety of Danish, while Nynorsk
15525-427: The word bønder ('farmers') is pronounced using the simpler tone 1, while bønner ('beans' or 'prayers') uses the more complex tone 2. Though spelling differences occasionally differentiate written words, in most cases the minimal pairs are written alike, since written Norwegian has no explicit accent marks. In most eastern low-tone dialects, accent 1 uses a low flat pitch in the first syllable, while accent 2 uses
15660-568: The word, e.g.: for ('for/to'), fór ('went'), fòr ('furrow') and fôr ('fodder'). Loanwords may be spelled with other diacritics, most notably ï, ü , á and à . The two legally recognized forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål (literally 'book tongue') and Nynorsk ('new Norwegian'), which are regulated by the Language Council of Norway ( Språkrådet ). Two other written forms without official status also exist. One, called Riksmål ('national language'),
15795-523: The workers just became tired. Futsa was crossed using a German-built bridge. A major hindrance to faster completion was the time needed to blast the final four tunnels. Temporary operation on the line to Elsfjord commenced on 15 March 1941. Without a rail or road connection onward, there was little practical use of this segment on itself. Next focus shifted to completing the next 25 kilometers (16 mi) to Finneidfjord, including blasting of several tunnels north and south of Finneidfjord. The lack of roads near
15930-528: Was built in NSB 's highest standard, with 35 kg/m (70 lb/ft) tracks. The line as far as Mosjøen was planned to be opened in the fall of 1940, and to Elsfjord in November. The German occupation of Norway in April 1940 dramatically changed the pacing of construction. The Nordland Line was given high military priority and the order was given for imminent opening of the line. Three bridges were destroyed during
16065-451: Was changed further towards Bokmål. Since then Bokmål has reverted even further toward traditional Riksmål, while Nynorsk still adheres to the 1959 standard. Therefore, a small minority of Nynorsk enthusiasts use a more conservative standard called Høgnorsk . The Samnorsk policy had little influence after 1960, and was officially abandoned in 2002. While the sound systems of Norwegian and Swedish are similar, considerable variation exists among
16200-480: Was clearly not Aasen's intended meaning. The name of the Danish language in Norway was a topic of hot dispute throughout the 19th century. Its proponents claimed that it was a language common to Norway and Denmark, and no more Danish than Norwegian. The proponents of Landsmål thought that the Danish character of the language should not be concealed. In 1899, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson proposed the neutral name Riksmål , meaning 'national language' like Landsmål , and this
16335-471: Was completed, some moved on, while others settled in the area; many of these received jobs with the railway company. In 1872, Ole Tobias Olsen proposed in Morgenbladet that a railway be built between Mo i Rana via Haparanda , Sweden, to Saint Petersburg , Russia. He was inspired by Scottish railways and hoped to use the line to export fresh fish. The engineer succeeded the following year at gaining
16470-665: Was finished to Fauske on 1 December 1958. At the time it had a common station with the narrow-gauge Sulitjelma Line at Finneid Station. Because the Wehrmacht was not interested in a branch to Bodø, this segment of the line originally did not receive any work until 1946, albeit very limited until 1956. From the completion of Fauske the workforce was moved to the final stretch, peaking at 430 people in 1961. The 54 kilometers (34 mi) cost about 100 million kroner. Revenue freight service commenced on 1 December 1961, with passenger trains running from 1 February 1962. The official opening of
16605-510: Was further increased with the opening of Trondheim Airport Station on 15 November 1994 and a station serving Levanger Hospital on 20 December 1995. On 10 November 1994, the line received automatic train control . NSB was split up on 1 December 1996 and the ownership of the tracks and infrastructure was inherited by the Norwegian National Rail Administration, while the operation of trains was taken over by
16740-479: Was if the line should cross the fjord along Røssingtangen and on a bridge, but instead a 6-kilometer (3.7 mi) longer route around the fjord was chosen. Elsfjord Station was completed in 1938 to be used as a construction office. The Wehrmacht intensified construction on this section from 1940, and by July 1,950 people were working there, increasing to 4,966 people by September. Attempts were made to introduce work on Sundays, but this proved impossible to carry out as
16875-408: Was implemented in 2007, and to Eiterstraum from 2011. The same year the 5-kilometer (3.1 mi) Gevingåsen Tunnel opened south of Trondheim Airport. The newer B5 carriages were introduced on intercity trains in 2012. Buildings along the Meråker Line, and hence the stations from Trondheim to Hell, were designed by Peter Andreas Blix . The stations bear resemblance to other Norwegian stations from
17010-453: Was implemented in the first official reform of the Danish language in Norway in 1862 and more extensively after his death in two official reforms in 1907 and 1917. Meanwhile, a nationalistic movement strove for the development of a new written Norwegian. Ivar Aasen , a botanist and self-taught linguist, began his work to create a new Norwegian language at the age of 22. He traveled around the country collecting words and examples of grammar from
17145-589: Was lengthened to Snåsa Station on 30 October 1926 and then to Grong on 30 November 1929. Construction continued in a slow pace northwards, but was accelerated by the Wehrmacht after the 1940 occupation . The line was built through most of Helgeland and opened in seven stages to Dunderland Station in the next five years. The line then had to be brought up to standards before continuing northwards. It opened to Røkland Station in 1955, to Fauske Station in 1958 and to Bodø Station on 1 February 1962. Traditionally
17280-606: Was made available for train passengers on the Nordlandsbanen between Mosjøen and Mo i Rana. On Monday 28 October 2024, BaneNOR announced that they did not expect to reopen Nordlandsbanen before the 4 November 2024. Norwegian language Norwegian ( endonym : norsk [ˈnɔʂːk] ) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken mainly in Norway , where it
17415-409: Was made by Parliament on 11 June 1898. The choice of route through Innherred was largely without much debate, as the line naturally went through all the towns and most of the important villages. Sunnan was a natural place to halt construction, as it is located at the foot of the lake of Snåsavatnet, allowing connection with steam ships . Hell Station had to be rebuilt, and the old station building
17550-547: Was mostly used for containers, which could then be transshipped to a north-bound ship service. Transport time to Tromsø was thus cut by 24 hours. Fauske received a container terminal two years later. The southern part of the line received centralized traffic control in four phases: from Trondheim to Stjørdal on 11 January 1976, to Levanger on 9 January 1977, to Steinkjer on 6 December 1977 and to Snåsa on 23 November 1984. Di 4 -locomotives were introduced in 1981. At first they could only be used to Mo i Rana. After upgrades to
17685-430: Was moved to Sunnan Station. Controversies arose over the location of Skatval Station , Levanger Station , Verdal Station , Sparbu Station , with the initial discarding of Mære Station , and Steinkjer Station . The line through Steinkjer was controversial, as the proposal would split the town in two, and there was an intense debate as to which side of the river the station should be built on. A counter-proposal which saw
17820-641: Was officially adopted along with the 1907 spelling reform. The name Riksmål is sometimes interpreted as 'state language', but this meaning is secondary at best. (Compare to Danish rigsmål from where the name was borrowed.) After the personal union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, both languages were developed further and reached what is now considered their classic forms after a reform in 1917. Riksmål was, in 1929, officially renamed Bokmål (literally 'book language'), and Landsmål to Nynorsk (literally 'new Norwegian'). A proposition to substitute Danish-Norwegian ( dansk-norsk ) for Bokmål lost in parliament by
17955-501: Was officially opened on 27 October 1902, with ordinary services starting on 29 October. The 12.4-kilometer (7.7 mi) long section from Levanger to Verdal was opened on 1 November 1904, although the station building was not completed until 1905. At the time there were two trains per direction per day, one passenger train and one post train. The official opening of the 40.4-kilometer (25.1 mi) long section between Verdal and Sunnan took place on 14 November 1905. Revenue service started
18090-675: Was rejected which would have cut the length of the Medjå Tunnel. Grong received a station above the town in order to avoid clay deposits. Also in Brekkvasselv there were two route alternatives. Construction of the tunnel commenced in 1926. Due to the line running through many sparsely populated areas, many of the guard houses were built early in construction to be used to house workers. By 1933 there were 869 men working on construction, rising to 1,744 three years later. Laying of track started around Brekkvasselv and Mosjøen in 1936. The line
18225-648: Was unanimous support for the Snåsa Line, as they wanted the Nordland Line to be as short as possible. From 1905, the government started work on financing several large railway projects, including the Dovre Line , the Rauma Line , the Sørlandet Line and the Nordland Line. On 10 June 1908, Parliament unanimously passed these lines in the Railway Plan of 1908, which included the 79-kilometer (49 mi) long section from Sunnan via Snåsa to Grong, albeit without
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