The Nordic Museum ( Swedish : Nordiska museet ) is a museum located on Djurgården , an island in central Stockholm , Sweden , dedicated to the cultural history and ethnography of Sweden from the early modern period (in Swedish history , it is said to begin in 1520) to the contemporary period. The museum was founded in the late 19th century by Artur Hazelius , who also founded the open-air museum Skansen . It was, for a long time, part of the museum, until the institutions were made independent of each other in 1963.
31-578: The museum was originally (1873) called the Scandinavian Ethnographic Collection ( Skandinavisk-etnografiska samlingen ), from 1880 the Nordic Museum ( Nordiska Museum , now Nordiska museet ). When Hazelius established the open-air museum Skansen in 1891, it was the second such museum in the world. For the museum, Hazelius bought or got donations of objects like furniture, clothes and toys from all over Sweden and
62-736: A huge main hall (126 meters long) passing through all the stories up to the roof and dominated by the enormous sculpture of King Gustav Vasa , the Swedish so called founder-king. For the construction, brick and granite was used for the walls, while concrete was used for the roof. The museum has over 1.5 million objects in its collections, including buildings such as the Julita farm in Södermanland , Svindersvik in Nacka , Tyresö Palace in Tyresö , and
93-679: A style invented by Sondre Norheim , and the characteristic Telemark landing of ski jumping . Telemark is also known as the centre of the Bunad movement. Telemark has more buildings from medieval times than any other Norwegian region. Telemark is located in southeastern Norway, extending from the Hardangervidda mountain plateau in the North to the Skagerrak coast in the South. Telemark has
124-581: A varied and scenic landscape, including a rugged coastline, valleys, lakes, hills mountains, and mountain plateaus. Southern Telemark is the location of the Gea Norvegica UNESCO Global Geopark (UGG), established in 2006. The UGG carries significance to Norway with an abundance of larvikite along the Oslo Rift , Paleozoic fossils, geological artifacts of glacial retreat from the last glacial maximum , and rocks from
155-468: Is also served by trams on line 7 . Telemark Telemark ( pronounced [ˈtêːləmɑrk] ) is a county and a current electoral district in Norway . Telemark borders the counties of Vestfold , Buskerud , Vestland , Rogaland and Agder . In 2020, Telemark merged with the county of Vestfold to form the county of Vestfold og Telemark . On 1 January 2024, the county of Telemark
186-494: Is from modern times (1970). It shows an old type of battle axe , significant for the county. The county coat of arms valid from 1 January 2024 is a redesigned version of the county coat of arms for Telemark county from 1970 until the county merger in 2020. The county is conventionally divided into traditional districts. Traditionally the county is mainly divided into Upper Telemark (historically called simply Telemark or more recently Telemark proper) and Grenland . Upper Telemark
217-463: Is sometimes subdivided into Vest-Telemark and Aust-Telemark . The name Lower Telemark traditionally refers to Grenland and Midt-Telemark , but was more of an administrative region than a cultural one. Regardless of definition, Upper Telemark constitutes the largest part by far. For example, the modern provostship of Upper Telemark comprises 12 municipalities and more than 80% of Telemark, also including Midt-Telemark. An additional district, Vestmar
248-530: The Norsk Hydro heavy water and fertilizer production in Upper Telemark . Telemark county was re-established on 1 January 2024, following a vote of the county council of Vestfold og Telemark on 15 February 2022 to split the newly established county into its respective counties that existed before the merger took place; Telemark and Vestfold. Telemark county was established as the fief Bratsberg in
279-572: The Sveconorwegian Orogeny . It it the first UGG in Scandinavia. The international road E18 goes through the southern parts of Telemark, namely Grenland and the municipality of Kragerø . E134 , another important motorway and the fastest route between Oslo and Bergen , goes through the municipalities of Vinje , Tokke , Kviteseid , Seljord , Hjartdal and Notodden . RV36 , stretching from Porsgrunn to Seljord, links
310-420: The 16th century Älvros farmhouses. Skansen attracts more than 1.3 million visitors each year. The many exhibits over the 75 acre (300,000 m²) site include a full replica of an average 19th-century town, in which craftsmen in traditional dress such as tanners, shoemakers, silversmiths, bakers and glass-blowers demonstrate their skills in period surroundings. There is even a small patch growing tobacco used for
341-657: The E18 and E134 motorways. Telemark is well served by railways. The Sørlandet Line runs through the traditional districts of Vestmar and Midt-Telemark, serving the municipalities of Drangedal , Nome , Bø and Sauherad . Grenland is primarily served by the Vestfold Line , but also has connections through the Bratsberg Line which runs between Skien and Notodden . From Langesund, Fjordline operates ferry services to Sweden and Denmark . The main bus lines in
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#1732776526919372-414: The Nordic Museum ( Samfundet för Nordiska Museets främjande ) had 4,525 members. The Riksdag allocated some money for the museums in 1891 and doubled the amount in 1900, the year before Hazelius died. The present building, the design of Isak Gustaf Clason , was completed in 1907 after a 19-year construction process. Originally, it was intended to be a national monument housing the material inheritance of
403-632: The Skien fjord are flatter regions located closer to or at the coast. Historically Grenland referred to what is now called Midt-Telemark , but over time the name Grenland has come to refer to the Skien fjord area. The latter is traditionally characterized by its cities and its involvement in seafaring and trade. It also includes several larger agricultural properties and estates, as well as industry. The culture and social structure are more urban, far less traditional, more influenced by contact with continental Europe and far less egalitarian. The most important city of
434-547: The chaplain farm at Härkeberga near Enköping . The museum archive also houses an extensive collection of documents and approximately 6 million photographs dating from the 1840s until today. The museum research library contains 3,800 shelf meters of literature from the 16th century and onward. Skansen Skansen ( Swedish: [ˈskǎnːsɛn] ; "the Sconce ") is the oldest open-air museum and zoo in Sweden located on
465-506: The country (as well as one structure from Telemark in Norway ) and had them shipped piece by piece to the museum, where they were rebuilt to provide a unique picture of traditional Sweden. Only three of the buildings in the museum are not original, and were painstakingly copied from examples he had found. All of the buildings are open to visitors and show the full range of Swedish life from the Skogaholm Manor house built in 1680, to
496-647: The country. Upper Telemark is also known as the birthplace of skiing . The southern part of Telemark, Grenland , is more urban and influenced by trade with the Low Countries , northern Germany , Denmark and the British Isles . Telemark has been one of Norway's most important industrial regions for centuries, marked in particular by the Norske Skog Union paper mills in Grenland and
527-516: The hill that dominates the island. Skansen became the model for other early open-air museums in Scandinavia and later ones elsewhere. Skansen was originally a part of the Nordic Museum, but became an independent organisation in 1963. The objects within the Skansen buildings are still the property of the Nordic Museum. After extensive travelling, Hazelius bought around 150 houses from all over
558-648: The island Djurgården in Stockholm , Sweden . It was opened on 11 October 1891 by Artur Hazelius (1833–1901) to show the way of life in the different parts of Sweden before the industrial era. The term "skansen" has become a generic term referring to other open-air museums and collections of historic structures, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe , but also in the United States , e.g. Old World Wisconsin and Fairplay, Colorado . The 19th century
589-647: The largest of them, which is now called Upper Telemark , but which was historically simply called Telemark. Telemark is named for the Thelir (Þilir in Old Norse), the ancient North Germanic tribe that inhabited what is now known as Upper Telemark since the Migration Period and during the Viking Age . The Norse form of the name was Þelamǫrk . The first element is the genitive plural case of Þilir while
620-565: The last element is mǫrk "woodland, borderland, march ". Traditional Telemark, i.e. Upper Telemark, is located in the inland and comprises more than two thirds of it according to its traditional definition. Both in medieval times and later (Upper) Telemark was the region of Norway with the most self-owning farmers. It retained Norse culture to a larger degree than any other region in Norway, with respect to its more egalitarian organisation of society, religion, traditional values and language. Thus
651-423: The late Middle Ages, during Norway's union with Denmark . With the introduction of absolute monarchy in 1662 it became a county, and it was renamed Telemark in 1919 and was a county until 2020. The county administration was in the port town Skien , which was in the early modern period Norway's most important city, ahead of Christiania. Telemark consists of several distinct historical regions. It takes its name from
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#1732776526919682-422: The making of cigarettes . There is also an open-air zoo containing a wide range of Scandinavian animals including the brown bear , moose , grey seal , Eurasian lynx , wolf , fox , otter , reindeer , harbour seal , Eurasian eagle owl , great grey owl and wolverine , as well as some non-Scandinavian animals. There are also farmsteads where rare breeds of farm animals can be seen. In early December
713-482: The nation. It was, however, only half-completed for the Stockholm Exposition 1897 , and it never was completed to the extent originally planned, three times the actual size. It takes its style from Dutch-influenced Danish Renaissance architecture (i.e. buildings such as Frederiksborg Palace ) rather than any specifically Swedish historical models. The core of the "cathedralesque" building is taken up by
744-460: The other Nordic countries; he emphasised the peasant culture, but his successors increasingly started to collect objects reflecting bourgeois and urban lifestyles as well. For Skansen, he collected entire buildings and farms. Although the project did not initially get the government funding he had hoped, Hazelius received widespread support and donations and by 1898, the Society for the promotion of
775-646: The people of Telemark were often described during the Middle Ages and early modern era as the most violent in Norway. The dialects of Upper Telemark are also the dialects of Norwegian that are closest to Old Norse . The farmers of Telemark were marked by a strong-willed conservatism and belief in their traditional values that often defied the central authorities of Denmark-Norway; for example they held on to aspects of both Old Norse religion and later of Catholicism longer than other regions in Norway. (Upper) Telemark traditionally lacks cities entirely. Grenland and
806-476: The region are operated by Telemark Bilruter , serving western and middle parts of the region, and Nettbuss which serves the middle, eastern and southern parts of the region. Drangedal Bilruter serves the Vestmar region. The largest population centres are Skien , Porsgrunn , Notodden , Rjukan and Kragerø . Other important places are Bø , Seljord , Fyresdal and Vinje . The coat of arms of Telemark
837-588: The region, Skien , was historically one of Norway's most important cities, although its importance declined after the Napoleonic Wars. The playwright Henrik Ibsen was a native of Skien, and many of his plays are set in places reminiscent of the city and area. During the Dano-Norwegian union the traditional regions of Telemark and Grenland/the Skien fjord became the fief ( len ) and later county ( amt ) of Bratsberg (Bradsberg). The fief and county
868-495: The site's central Bollnäs square is host to a popular Christmas market that has been held since 1903, attracting around 25,000 visitors each weekend. In the summer there are displays of folk dancing and concerts. Since 1897, Skansen has been served by the Skansens Bergbana , a funicular railway on the northwest side of the Skansen hill. The funicular is 196.4 meters long, with a total rise of 34.57 meters. Skansen
899-625: Was a period of great change throughout Europe , and Sweden was no exception. Its rural way of life was rapidly giving way to an industrialised society and many feared that the country's many traditional customs and occupations might be lost to history. Artur Hazelius, who had previously founded the Nordic Museum on the island of Djurgården near the centre of Stockholm, was inspired by the open-air museum , founded by King Oscar II in Kristiania in 1881, when he created his open-air museum on
930-491: Was named after the farm Bratsberg, since this was the seat of the governor. In 1919 Bratsberg county was renamed Telemark. Despite this, Grenland retains a separate identity that is distinct from Telemark proper; the minority in the Storting voted for the name Grenland–Telemark in 1918. Upper Telemark, particularly Kviteseid , is known as the birthplace of skiing as a modern sport. Telemark lent its name to Telemark skiing ,
961-628: Was re-established after Vestfold og Telemark was divided again. The name Telemark means the " mark of the Thelir ", the ancient North Germanic tribe that inhabited what is now known as Upper Telemark in the Migration Period and the Viking Age . In the Middle Ages, the agricultural society of Upper Telemark was considered the most violent region of Norway. Today, half of the buildings from medieval times in Norway are located here. The dialects spoken in Upper Telemark also retain more elements of Old Norse than those spoken elsewhere in