The Pont de Normandie (English: Normandy Bridge ) is a cable-stayed road bridge that spans the river Seine linking Le Havre to Honfleur in Normandy , northern France. Its total length is 2,143.21 metres (7,032 ft) – 856 metres (2,808 ft) between the two piers. It is also the last bridge to cross the Seine before it empties into the ocean. It is a motorway toll bridge with a footpath and a narrow cycle lane in each direction allowing pedestrians and cyclists to cross the bridge free of charge, while motorcycling is also toll-free.
15-448: The bridge was designed by Michel Virlogeux , the general studies having been led by Bernard Raspaud from Bouygues . The works management was shared between G. Barlet and P. Jacquet. The architects were François Doyelle and Charles Lavigne. Construction by Bouygues , Campenon Bernard , Dumez , Monberg & Thorsen , Quillery , Sogea and Spie Batignolles began in 1988 and lasted seven years. The bridge opened on 20 January 1995. At
30-886: A number of prizes including the Werner von Siemens Ring , the Honorary Medal Emil Mörsch, the Freyssinet Medal of the FIP, and the Gold Medal of the Institution of Structural Engineers . In 1988, he was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Science) by the University of Bath . Throughout his career, Leonhardt was as dedicated to research as to design, and his major contributions to bridge engineering technology included: His major structures include
45-601: Is a French structural engineer and bridge specialist. Virlogeux graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1967 and from the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées in 1970. From 1970 to 1973 he served in Tunisia on road projects and at the same time gained his Engineering Doctorate from the Pierre et Marie Curie University (also known as "Paris 6"). In January 1974 he joined the Bridge Department of SETRA,
60-474: Is divided into four lanes for vehicular traffic and two lanes for pedestrians. The pylons, made of concrete, are shaped as upside-down Ys . They weigh more than 20,000 t (20,000 long tons; 22,000 short tons) and are 214.77 metres (705 ft) tall. More than 19,000 t (19,000 long tons; 21,000 short tons) of steel and 184 cables made by fr:Freyssinet were used. Michel Virlogeux Michel Virlogeux (born 1946, Vichy , Allier , Auvergne )
75-808: The Cologne-Rodenkirchen Bridge , Stuttgart Television Tower , Hamburg's Alster-Schwimmhalle and various cable-stayed bridges in Düsseldorf . He also worked on the design of several cable-stayed bridges abroad, including the Pasco-Kennewick bridge (1978) in the U.S., and the Helgeland Bridge (1981) in Norway. This prize was established in 1999 on the 90th anniversary of Leonhardt's birth, to recognise outstanding achievements in structural engineering. The first prize
90-785: The 'Award of Excellence of the Engineering News Record' (1995), the 'Gold Medal of the Institution of Structural Engineers' (1979), the Gold Medal of the Institution of Civil Engineers (2005) the 'Gustave Magnel Medal' (1999) and the ' Fritz Leonhardt Prize ' (also the first year that it was awarded). He is a member of the French Academy of Technology . He received the 2003 IABSE Award of Merit in Structural Engineering in recognition of "his major contributions leading to very significant progress in
105-922: The French Association of Civil Engineering (AFGC), 1974–1995; the Fédération Internationale de Précontrainte (FIP) (President 1996); the Fédération Internationale du Béton (FIB); first President in 1998 after the merger with the Comité Européen du Béton (CEB). A member of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE) since 1974, Virlogeux received the inaugural IABSE Prize in Venice in 1983. He has received many other international awards, which include
120-414: The bridge, ancillary structures and financing was $ 465 million. The bridge proper cost €233 million (US$ 250 million). The cable-stayed design was chosen because it was both cheaper and more resistant to high winds than a suspension bridge . Shortly after opening, the longest cables exhibited excessive vibrations, so several damping systems were quickly retrofitted. The span, 23.6 metres (77 ft) wide,
135-776: The construction of the 'Second Tagus Crossing', the Vasco da Gama Bridge in Lisbon , and the design of the Millau Viaduct in France. Several of his bridges have received architectural awards. Since 1977, Virlogeux has been a part-time professor of structural analysis at the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées and at the Centre des Hautes Études de la Construction in Paris. He also has been very active in technical associations such as
150-519: The field of civil engineering, in particular through the development of external prestressing, landmark cable-stayed bridges and composite structures". The Award Presentation took place during the Opening of the IABSE Symposium 'Structures for High-Speed Railway Transportation', Antwerp , Belgium on 27 August 2003. The presentation was presented by Manabu Ito, President of IABSE. In 2010 he
165-797: The technical service of the French Highway Administration. In 1980 he became Head of the Large Concrete Bridge Division, and in 1987 of the large Bridge Division, Steel and Concrete. During twenty years he designed more than 100 bridges, including the Normandy Bridge which held the world record for longest cable-stayed bridge for four years. In 1995 he left the French Administration and set up as independent consulting engineer; his major achievements include his participation in
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#1732773189140180-597: The time it was both the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world , and also had a record distance between piers for a cable-stayed bridge. It was more than 250 metres (820 ft) longer between piers than the previous record-holder. This record was lost in 1999 to the Tatara Bridge in Japan. Its record for length for a cable-stayed bridge was lost in 2004 to the 2883 meters of the Rio-Antirrio . The total cost of
195-596: Was a German structural engineer who made major contributions to 20th-century bridge engineering, especially in the development of cable-stayed bridges . His book Bridges: Aesthetics and Design is well known throughout the bridge engineering community. Born in Stuttgart in 1909, Leonhardt studied at Stuttgart University and Purdue University . In 1934 he joined the German Highway Administration, working with Paul Bonatz amongst others. He
210-597: Was appointed at the remarkably young age of 28 as the Chief Engineer for the Cologne-Rodenkirchen Bridge . In 1954 he formed the consulting firm Leonhardt und Andrä , and from 1958 to 1974 taught the design of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete at Stuttgart University. He was President of the University from 1967 to 1969. He received Honorary Doctorates from six universities, honorary membership of several important engineering universities, and won
225-678: Was invited to deliver the MacMillan Memorial Lecture to the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland . He chose the subject "The Design of Long Span Bridges". He was appointed an International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2012 and Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2013. Fritz Leonhardt Fritz Leonhardt (12 July 1909 – 30 December 1999)
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