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47-517: Norway House is a population centre of over 5,000 people, some 30 km (19 mi) north of Lake Winnipeg , on the bank of the eastern channel of Nelson River , in the province of Manitoba , Canada . The population centre shares the name Norway House with the northern community of Norway House and Norway House 17, a First Nation reserve of the Norway House Cree Nation (Kinosao Sipi Cree Nation). Thus, Norway House has both

94-504: A 1,189-metre (3,901 ft) crushed-rock airstrip . There are daily flights to Winnipeg with Perimeter Aviation. Norway House has several restaurants, two hotels, a Royal Bank branch, two Northern stores , two Tim Horton locations and a KFC fast food restaurant, a full service post office, two video stores and paved roads within the community. Norway House is served by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and

141-506: A Chief and a Mayor. The community is located 456 km (283 mi) by air north of Winnipeg , 208 km (129 mi) by air east of The Pas , and 190 km (120 mi) by air south of Thompson . To drive from Winnipeg, it is approximately 800 km (500 mi); from Thompson, it is about 300 km (190 mi). Major economic activities include commercial fishing, trapping, logging, and government services. Seasonal unemployment varies, with peaks as high as 70%. Norway House

188-588: A UNESCO World Heritage Site. The lake is 416 km (258 mi) from north to south, with remote sandy beaches, large limestone cliffs, and many bat caves in some areas. Manitoba Hydro uses the lake as one of the largest reservoirs in the world. There are many islands, most of them undeveloped. Lake Winnipeg has the largest watershed of any lake in Canada, receiving water from four provinces ( Alberta , Saskatchewan , Ontario and Manitoba ) and four U.S. states : ( North Dakota and Minnesota via tributaries of

235-730: A globally significant site for American white pelicans . In 1998, an estimated 3.7% of the world's population of this bird at the time were counted nesting on the rocky outcrops. The same site is significant within North America for the numbers of colonial waterbirds using the area, especially common terns . Other globally significant nesting areas are found at Gull Island and Sandhill Island , Little George Island and Louis Island . Birds nesting at these sites include common and Caspian terns , herring gulls , ring-billed gulls , double-crested cormorants and greater scaups . Lake Winnipeg has two sites considered globally important in

282-581: A line through the ice in search of a Master Angler Walleye , considered to be a Walleye caught in Manitoba by hook and line measuring over 71cm (28"). As of 2010 "over 50,000 anglers fished more than 389,000 days on the Red River and Lake Winnipeg combined" and "contribute an estimated $ 20,000,000 to $ 32,000,000 annually. and as of 2018 that had grown to nearly 100,000 adult anglers fishing Lake Winnipeg and its southern tributaries, adding $ 102,000,000 to

329-679: A major transportation route even after the railways reached the province. In addition to aboriginal canoes and York boats , several steamboats plied the lake, including Anson Northup , City of Selkirk , Colvile , Keenora , Premier , Princess , Winnitoba , Wolverine and most recently the diesel-powered MS Lord Selkirk II passenger cruise ship. Communities on the lake include Grand Marais , Lester Beach , Riverton , Gimli , Winnipeg Beach , Victoria Beach , Hillside Beach , Pine Falls , Manigotagan , Berens River , Bloodvein , Sandy Hook, Albert Beach, Hecla Village and Grand Rapids . A number of pleasure beaches are found on

376-455: A person or firm (factoring company), accepts as assignee book debts ( accounts receivable ) as security for short-term loans; this is known as factoring . In Scottish law , a judicial factor is a kind of trustee appointed by the Court of Session to administer an estate, for a ward (called a pupil) until a guardian (called a tutor) can be appointed ( factor loco tutoris ), for a person who

423-485: A population density of 3.2/km (8.2/sq mi) in 2021. Norway House 17 had a population of 5,390 in 2021 an increase of 12.1% since 2016. The community included 2,239 private dwellings on a land area of 72.99 square km. These two adjoining communities form a population centre of 5,753. Provincial Road (PR) 373 , an all-weather road , leads from Norway House past PR 374 which leads to Cross Lake , through Jenpeg and then joins Provincial Trunk Highway 6 . There

470-514: A series of supply posts. There are also some accounts that suggest that Norwegians were employed in 1814 and sent to nearby Playgreen Lake with a herd of reindeer to introduce reindeer herding for animal husbandry and pulling sleighs during the winter for the Hudson's Bay Company. They built Norway House at Mossy Point on the west side of the Nelson's outflow from Lake Winnipeg in 1817, replacing

517-498: Is Canada's sixth-largest freshwater lake and the third-largest freshwater lake contained entirely within Canada, but it is relatively shallow (mean depth of 12 m [39 ft]) excluding a narrow 36 m (118 ft) deep channel between the northern and southern basins. It is the eleventh-largest freshwater lake on Earth. The lake's east side has pristine boreal forests and rivers that were in 2018 inscribed as Pimachiowin Aki ,

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564-488: Is a ferry that shuttles vehicles across the Nelson Channel just north of Norway House. This ferry runs most of the year, except into the winter months when an ice bridge is opened. The ferry is known to get stuck occasionally in the freeze-up season and cause delays. The most important means of transportation in this remote territory is the airplane . Manitoba Northern Airports maintains Norway House Airport with

611-615: Is evidence of a desiccated south basin of Lake Winnipeg approximately 4,000 years ago. The area between the lakes is called the Interlake Region , and the whole region is called the Manitoba Lowlands. The varying habitats found within the lake support a large number of fish species, more than any other lake in Canada west of the Great Lakes . Sixty of seventy-nine native species found in Manitoba are present in

658-542: Is in the textile field , but factors are also used to a great extent in the shoe, furniture, hardware, and other industries. The number of trade areas in which factors operate has increased. In the United Kingdom, most factors fall within the definition of a mercantile agent under the Factors Act 1889 ( 52 & 53 Vict. c. 45), and therefore have the powers of such. A factor has a possessory lien over

705-626: Is one of the largest drainage basins in the world. This watershed area was known as Rupert's Land when the Hudson's Bay Company was chartered in 1670 . The Saskatchewan River flows in from the west through Cedar Lake , the Red River (including Assiniboine River ) flows in from the south, and the Winnipeg River (draining Lake of the Woods , Rainy River and Rainy Lake ) enters from

752-575: The Hudson's Bay Company , as restructured after merging with the North West Company in 1821, had commissioned officers who included the ranks of chief trader and chief factor. They all shared the profits of the company during its monopoly years. In the deed poll under which the HBC was governed, there were 25 chief factors and 28 chief traders. Chief factors usually held high administrative positions. The Dutch East India Company and

799-591: The Red River , South Dakota via rivers draining into Lake Traverse , and Montana via tributaries of the Oldman River ). The lake's watershed measures about 982,900 square kilometres (379,500 sq mi). Lake Winnipeg drains northward into the Nelson River at an average annual rate of 2,066 cubic metres per second (72,960 cu ft/s) and forms part of the Hudson Bay watershed, which

846-740: The United States . In 2016 the Indigenous place name Weenipagamiksaguygun was approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada . It is an Anishinaabe name for the lake as used by the Poplar River First Nation . Because of its length, the Lake Winnipeg water system and the lake was an important transportation route in the province before the railways reached Manitoba. It continued to be

893-458: The "threatened lake of the year" in 2013. In 2015, there was a major uptick of zebra mussels in Lake Winnipeg, the reduction of which is next to impossible because of a lack of natural predators in the lake. The mussels are devastating to the ecological opportunities of the lake. It is believed Henry Kelsey was the first European to see the lake, in 1690. He adopted the Cree language name for

940-778: The British East India Company based factors at trading posts in numerous sites all over Asia. In 18th- and early 19th-century China and Japan, however, the governments limited European traders to small, defined areas: the Dutch Factory was allowed to operate on Dejima , an island off Nagasaki, before the opening of trade with Japan; and in China the British were limited to Thirteen Factories and Shamian Island areas of Canton . In territories without any other regular authorities, especially if in need of defence,

987-549: The Governor and Committee. The recommendations of the council would be given to Governor Simpson who would make his recommendations to London. The last of the great Northern Council meetings that were started by Simpson a half century earlier was convened at Norway House by Donald Smith in July 1870. The men met around a great oak table with Smith as the new Governor, following his success in negotiations earlier that year concerning

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1034-696: The NHCN Safety Officers. The Helen Betty Osborne Ininiw Education Resource Centre is a kindergarten to Grade 12 school with a preschool program as well. It was preceded by the Rossville residential school . It is one of the most technologically-advanced schools in the province and one of the biggest schools of the Frontier School Division . Norway House is home to a regional centre of the University College of

1081-526: The North and has satellite degree programming from Brandon University 's Faculty of Education and the University of Manitoba . Norway House has a subarctic climate (Dfc) bordering a warm summer continental climate (Dfb). As is typical in Manitoba, precipitation patterns are dominant in summers, with winters being cold and dry. Norway House recorded Manitoba's coldest temperature on January 9, 1899, when

1128-604: The Red River Rebellion on behalf of Canada , and empowered him to represent them in London concerning the rights of the Chief Factors and Chief Traders to share in the £300,000 transfer fee payable upon the surrender of Rupert's Land . The remnants of the former Hudson’s Bay Company fort established in 1825; the company's principal inland depot for the fur trade and the site where Treaty 5 was signed in 1875

1175-468: The community to come together, often these booths prepare meals that are homemade. Lake Winnipeg Lake Winnipeg ( French : Lac Winnipeg ) is a very large, relatively shallow 24,514-square-kilometre (9,465 sq mi) lake in North America , in the province of Manitoba , Canada. Its southern end is about 55 kilometres (34 mi) north of the city of Winnipeg . Lake Winnipeg

1222-594: The company could mandate its factor to perform the functions of a governor, theoretically under authority of a higher echelon, including command of a small garrison. For example, Banten , on the Indonesian island of Java , was from 1603 to 1682 a trading post established by the East India Company and run by a series of chief factors. The term and its compounds are also used to render equivalent positions in other languages, such as: A debt factor, whether

1269-496: The consigned goods that covers any claims against the principal arising out of the factor's activity. The term derives from the Latin for "doer, maker", from facit , "he/she/it does/makes". Historically, a factor had their seat at a sort of trading post known as a factory . Before the 20th century, factors were mercantile intermediaries whose main functions were warehousing and selling consigned goods, accounting to principals for

1316-421: The fall migration. Large populations of waterfowl and shorebirds use the sand bars east of Riverton as a staging area for fall migration. The Netley-Libau Marsh , where the Red River enters Lake Winnipeg, is used by geese, ducks and swallows to gather for the southward migration. Piping plovers , an endangered species of shorebird, are found in several locations around the lake. The Gull Bay Spits , south of

1363-642: The former Jack River post at that location. In the last days of the rivalry between the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company , prior to their union in 1821, Colin Robertson , of the Hudson's Bay Company from their office in Montreal, organized a brigade of mostly French-Canadians led by John Clarke, bound for the Athabasca country to compete with the North West Company by developing

1410-425: The lake are considered to be at risk, the shortjaw cisco and the bigmouth buffalo . Rainbow trout and brown trout are stocked in Manitoba waters by provincial fisheries as part of a put and take program to support angling opportunities. Neither species is able to sustain itself independently in Manitoba. Smallmouth bass was first recorded from the lake in 2002, indicating populations introduced elsewhere in

1457-461: The lake. Families represented include lampreys ( Petromyzontidae ), sturgeon ( Acipenseridae ), mooneyes ( Hiodontidae ), minnows ( Cyprinidae ), suckers ( Catostomidae ), catfish ( Ictaluridae ), pike ( Esocidae ), trout and whitefish ( Salmonidae ), troutperch ( Percopsidae ), codfish ( Gadidae ), sticklebacks ( Gasterosteidae ), sculpins ( Cottidae ), sunfish ( Centrarchidae ), perch ( Percidae ), and drum ( Sciaenidae ). Two fish species present in

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1504-602: The lake: wīnipēk ( ᐐᓂᐯᐠ ), meaning "muddy waters". La Vérendrye referred to the lake as Ouinipigon when he built the first forts in the area in the 1730s. Later, the Red River Colony to its south took the lake's name for Winnipeg, the capital of Manitoba. Lake Winnipeg lies along one of the oldest trading routes in North America to have flown the British flag . For several centuries, furs were traded along this route between York Factory on Hudson Bay (which

1551-471: The most important post in the interior, was supplanted by Norway House. From the 1830s, the Councils of the Hudson's Bay Company (annual meetings of its chief factors ) met at Norway House rather than York Factory. These meetings would involve planning decisions for the following year and promotions from clerk to Chief Trader and from Chief Trader to Chief Factor . Such promotions were within the authority of

1598-647: The mountains at Athabasca Pass . This route, which passed through Norway House, was thereafter followed by the York Factory Express brigades. In 1825 or 1826, much of the post was destroyed by fire. In 1826, the company abandoned its position on Mossy Point in favour of its present position on the East River, now known as the Jack River, in order to be nearer to the fishery, the food supply of its population. In 1830, Cumberland House , formerly

1645-517: The proceeds, guaranteeing buyers' credit, and sometimes making cash advances to principals prior to the sale of the goods. Their services were of particular value in foreign trade, and factors became important figures in the great period of colonial exploration and development. A relatively large mercantile company could have a hierarchy including several grades of factor. The British East India Company hierarchy ranked "factors" between "writers" (junior clerks) and "junior merchants". In North America

1692-413: The provincial GDP supporting some 1,500 jobs. Many licensed outfitters offer a wide array of services from guided fishing trips to equipment rentals and accommodations in service of recreational anglers. Recent introduction of new angling regulations aim to ensure the sustainability of the fishery, with an extended season closure during the spring walleye spawn, reduced possession limits, and an end to

1739-581: The retention of trophy sized fish. Lake Winnipeg has important commercial fisheries. It contributes 57% of the province's total production and 75% of the landed value of the harvest in Manitoba. Average annual landings from Lake Winnipeg from 2009 to 2015 were 6,539,739 kg, with an average value of $ 15,357,975. The lake was once the main source of goldeye in Canada, which is why the fish is sometimes called Winnipeg goldeye. Walleye and whitefish together account for over 90 percent of its commercial fishing. Factor (agent) Most modern factor business

1786-1539: The southeast. The Dauphin River enters from the west, draining Lake Manitoba and Lake Winnipegosis . The Bloodvein River , Berens River , Poplar River and the Manigotagan River flow in from the eastern side of the lake which is within the Canadian Shield . Other tributaries of Lake Winnipeg (clockwise from the south end) include Meleb Drain (drainage canal), Drunken River, Icelandic River, Washow Bay Creek, Sugar Creek, Beaver Creek, Mill Creek, Moose Creek, Fisher River, Jackhead River, Kinwow Bay Creek, Jackpine Creek, Mantagao River, Solomons Creek, Jumping Creek, Warpath River, South Two Rivers, North Two Rivers, South Twin Creek, North Twin Creek, Saskachaywiak Creek, Eating Point Creek, Woody Point Creeks, Muskwa Creek, Buffalo Creek, Fiddler Creek, Sturgeon Creek, Hungry River, Cypress Creek, William River, Bélanger River, Mukutawa River, Crane Creek, Kapawekapuk Creek, Marchand Creek, Leaf River, Pigeon River, Taskapekawe Creek, Bradbury River, Petopeko Creek, Loon Creek, Sanders Creek, Rice River, Wanipigow River, Barrie Creek, Mutch Creek, Sandy River, Black River, Sandy Creek, Catfish Creek, Jackfish Creek, Marais Creek, Brokenhead River and Devils Creek. Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba are remnants of prehistoric Glacial Lake Agassiz , although there

1833-472: The southern end of the lake, which are popular in the summer, attracting many visitors from Winnipeg, approximately 80 km south. Lake Winnipeg is widely recognized as a premier angling destination, attracting anglers from around the globe "targeting it's abundant walleye , sauger and channel catfish populations" along with northern pike, yellow perch, gold eye, mooneye. Angling efforts vary from casting lines from shore, trolling its depths or dropping

1880-498: The temperature reached -52.8°C (-63°F). The Treaty and York Boat Days are annually each summer from the beginning of August for a week; the York Boat events serve as the main attraction. These are team boat races with participants aged 8–18. This event is to honor the traditions of the ancestors who once used York Boats as a means of transportation. Treaty and York Boat Days has a variety of hosts each year who set up food booths for

1927-427: The town of Grand Rapids, are considered nationally significant nesting sites for this species. Lake Winnipeg is suffering from many environmental issues such as an explosion in the population of cyanobacteria , caused by excessive amounts of phosphorus seeping into the lake. The phosphorus levels are approaching a point that could be dangerous for human health. The Global Nature Fund declared Lake Winnipeg as

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1974-557: The trade of supplying the colonists in addition to the company's usual business of trading furs. In 1822, Governor Simpson passed through Norway House in the depth of winter on his way to Cumberland House . Simpson traveled through Norway House to the Columbia District in 1824–25, journeying from York Factory. He investigated a quicker route than previously used, following the Saskatchewan River and crossing

2021-722: The watershed are now present in the lake. White bass were first recorded from the lake in 1963, ten years after being introduced into Lake Ashtabula in North Dakota. Common carp were introduced to the lake through the Red River of the North and are firmly established. Lake Winnipeg provides feeding and nesting sites for a wide variety of birds associated with water during the summer months. Isolated, uninhabited islands provide nesting sites for colonial nesting birds including pelicans, gulls and terns. Large marshes, shores and shallows allow these birds to successfully feed themselves and their young. Pipestone Rocks are considered

2068-694: Was an important establishment of the Hudson's Bay Company for most of the 19th century, serving as a major depot, and from the 1830s, as the seat of the Council of the Northern Department of Rupert's Land . After the arrival of Europeans in North America, the Hayes River became an important link in the development of Canada. The Hayes was the favoured route between York Factory and the interior of western Canada for explorers, fur traders and European settlers from 1670 to 1870, because transit

2115-644: Was designated a National Historic Sites of Canada in 1932. Surviving buildings include the Archway Warehouse (1839-1841), the Gaol (1855-1856) and the Powder Magazine (1837-1838). In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Norway House had a population of 363 living in 134 of its 190 total private dwellings, a change of -24.1% from its 2016 population of 478. With a land area of 114.53 km (44.22 sq mi), it had

2162-415: Was easier and food was more readily available. After Anthony Henday's explorations, Joseph Smith was sent in 1756, from York Factory , to explore the area. He ascended the Nelson River seeking Lake Winnipeg. He reached Little Playgreen Lake on September 21 that year. In 1816, Lord Selkirk sent out a band of Norwegians , apparently ex-convicts, to build a road from York Factory to Lake Winnipeg and

2209-784: Was the long-time headquarters for the Hudson's Bay Company) over Lake Winnipeg and the Red River Trails to the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers at Saint Paul, Minnesota . This was a strategic trading route for the First British Empire . With the establishment of the Second British Empire after Britain's loss of the Thirteen Colonies , a significant increase in trade occurred over Lake Winnipeg between Rupert's Land and

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