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32-519: As of 2024, Northwestern Polytechnical University was listed as one of the top 300 universities in the Academic Ranking of World Universities and the U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking . NPU builds upon the legacies of its three major predecessors. In 1938, due to the Japanese invasion of China , many universities in the occupied east evacuated to "Free China" in

64-581: A further criticism has been that the metrics used are not independent of university size, e.g. number of publications or award winners will mechanically add as universities are grouped, independently of research (or teaching) quality; thus a merger between two equally-ranked institutions will significantly increase the merged institutions' score and give it a higher ranking, without any change in quality. There are two categories in ARWU's disciplinary rankings: broad subject fields and specific subjects. The methodology

96-465: A pretty good stab at a fair comparison." While ARWU has originated in China, the ranking have been praised for being unbiased towards Asian institutions, especially Chinese institutions . The ranking has been criticised for "relying too much on award factors" thus undermining the importance of quality of instruction and humanities . A 2007 paper published in the journal Scientometrics found that

128-467: A whole and for a selection of individual subjects, alongside independent regional Greater China Ranking and Macedonian HEIs Ranking . ARWU is regarded as one of the three most influential and widely observed university rankings, alongside QS World University Rankings and Times Higher Education World University Rankings . It has received positive feedback for its objectivity and methodology, but draws wide criticism as it fails to adjust for

160-580: Is also criticised in France for its use as a motivation for merging universities into larger ones. Several methods for ranking universities were analyzed. Many scholars proposed developing new methodologies for global university rankings, expressing concerns about bias against universities in the Arab region within current ranking systems. They emphasized the need to adjust the weighting of indicators to account for overlooked institutional differences. Indeed,

192-521: Is similar to that adopted in the overall table, including award factors, paper citation, and the number of highly cited scholars. Considering the development of specific areas, two independent regional league tables with different methodologies were launched – Ranking of Top Universities in Greater China and Best Chinese Universities Ranking. Best Chinese Universities Ranking was first released in 2015. Ranking of Top Universities in Greater China

224-637: The Best Chinese Universities Ranking compiled by Shanghai Ruanke . NPU's engineering ranked the tenth among China's engineering universities. According to the results of the third Evaluation of Disciplines by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China , the ranks of parts of NPU's disciplines are shown below. The university has seven State Key Laboratories and 28 Province/Ministry-level Key Laboratories. Only

256-654: The CAS and the CAE , 30 generals in PLA and 6 recipients of China's TOP 10 Outstanding Youth Elite. NPU is one of the Seven Sons of National Defence and member of SAP University Alliances. In 2024, Northwestern Polytechnical University was listed as one of the world's top 300 universities in the Academic Ranking of World Universities and the U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking . In 2022, NPU ranked 25th in

288-569: The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the former Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense , NPU has received a 1.58 billion CNY (US$ 252.8 million) investment in infrastructure constructions from the central government and there're more than 20 construction projects running currently including the Material Science Building, the Innovation Science and Technology Building,

320-613: The State Key Laboratories are listed below. These labs often specialize in particular areas of academic research and receive government funding: The Education Experimental School is the college with special honors in NPU. Its predecessor is the Education Reform Class established in 1985 which was upgraded to the current school in 2001. The aim of this school is to provide the most elite students of NPU with

352-536: The surrender of Japan , Northwestern Engineering Institute was relocated to the city of Xianyang . In 1952, to meet the demand for concentrated aeronautics research, the departments of aeronautical engineering of the former National Central University (later known as Nanjing University ), Jiaotong University and Zhejiang University were relocated to Nanjing and combined to form the East China Aeronautics Institute . This institute

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384-703: The 1980s, 99 national key universities were identified (some have been merged into other universities). The current project, established in 2015, is the Double First-Class Construction to create world-class universities by 2050. In October 2015, the State Council of People's Republic of China published the 'Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World First-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines ( Double First-Class University Plan )' , which made new arrangements for

416-697: The China state Double First-Class Construction . However, it remains part of the vernacular, as evidenced by some Chinese media articles which still refer to "National Key Universities". In December 1954, six schools were first designated by the Ministry of Education as national key universities: Peking University , Tsinghua University , Renmin University of China , Harbin Institute of Technology , Beijing Medical College , and Beijing University of Agriculture . A list of 20 National Key Universities

448-913: The Reconstruction of Dangerous and Old Apartments after the earthquake, the #1 Student Apartment in the Youyi Campus and the New Library, Infrastructure Plan I & II, the High-tech Experimental Research Center and others in the Chang'an Campus. NPU has a strong research capacity in engineering. It was confirmed as one of the National Key Universities by the State Council in 1960. In the seventh and eighth Five-year plan , NPU

480-718: The South Laodong Road. The campus contains education facilities, apartments of teachers and students, stadiums, logistics facilities, a kindergarten and the primary and middle school affiliated with NPU. The Chang'an Campus, often referred as the 'new campus', is divided into two parts: the East and the West by the Dongxiang Road. This campus contains many newly built administration buildings, school buildings, experiments facilities, sports facilities and so on. It serves as

512-808: The Youyi Campus, located in Beilin District, Xi'an , comprising about 0.8 km and the Chang'an Campus, located in Chang'an District, Xi'an , comprising about 2.6 km. and the Taicang Campus, located in Suzhou, Jiangsu , comprising about 1.18 km. The Youyi Campus, often referred as the 'old campus', is divided into three parts: the South, the West and the North by the West Youyi Road and

544-839: The best resources so that they can become future leaders in their fields. NPU has 15 academic schools, 1 educational experimental school( known as Honors College ), 1 independent school, 1 joint school and some other administrative schools. The university offers 58 undergraduate programs, 117 master programs, 67 doctorate programs and 14 postdoctoral programs. Currently, there are 2 First-level National Key Disciplines , 7 Second-level National Key Disciplines , 2 National Key (to cultivate) Disciplines, 21 First-level Disciplines for Doctorate Degree Granting and 31 First-level Disciplines for master's degree Granting. Additionally, NPU has 7 State Key Laboratories , 28 Province/Ministry-level Key Laboratories and 19 Province/Ministry-level Engineering Research Centers. The 15 academic schools of NPU are listed here in

576-519: The criteria used are not relevant; that the aggregation methodology has a number of major problems; and that insufficient attention has been paid to fundamental choices of criteria. The ARWU researchers themselves, N.C. Liu and Y. Cheng, think that the quality of universities cannot be precisely measured by mere numbers and any ranking must be controversial. They suggest that university and college rankings should be used with caution and their methodologies must be understood clearly before reporting or using

608-438: The development of higher education in China, replacing previous projects of Chinese higher education. A total of 140 Double First Class Universities were approved to be included in the state Double First-Class Construction by the central government of China in 2017, representing the top 5% of the higher education institutions (3,012) in this country. As of February 2022, the 147 Double First Class Universities are considered as

640-1315: The end of 1960, another 44 universities were added into the list, which amounted to 64 national key universities. By the end of 1965, there were 68 National Key Universities, including Zhejiang University , Peking Union Medical College , Nanjing University , Sun Yat-sen University , Southeast University , Tongji University , Wuhan University , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Nankai University , Xiamen University , South China University of Technology , Sichuan University , Shandong University , Jilin University , Lanzhou University , Dalian University of Technology , Chongqing University , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Northeastern University , Beijing Forestry University , and Shandong Ocean College among others. By 1978, there were 88 National Key Universities, including Minzu University of China and Hunan University . From 1978 to 1981, another 11 national key higher education institutions were successively added and restored, including Southern Medical University , Nanjing Agricultural University , Beijing Language and Culture University and Northwest A&F University among others. The Chinese government made several batches of national key universities in history (from 1950s to 1980s). From 1954 to

672-493: The first global university ranking with multifarious indicators. Since 2009, ARWU has been published and copyrighted annually by Shanghai Ranking Consultancy, an organization focusing on higher education that is not legally subordinated to any universities or government agencies. In 2011, a board of international advisory consisting of scholars and policy researchers was established to provide suggestions. The publication currently includes global league tables for institutions as

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704-591: The former USSR , the People's Liberation Army Military Engineering Institute , which was located in Harbin , was disassembled. Many of its departments were relocated from the city near the China-Soviet border; among these, its Department of Aeronautical Engineering (the third predecessor of NPU) was moved to Xi'an and merged with the other two predecessors to form NPU. NPU's campuses comprise about 4.58 km, with

736-524: The main base for undergraduate education of NPU. The Taicang Campus, located at the border between Suzhou and Shanghai, is currently under construction and will start to run in September 2021. This campus will contain 10 schools including School of Artificial Intelligence, School of Flexible Electronics, School of Business etc. It will serve around 10,000 students. NPU is building or going to build more facilities on both of these two campuses. Supported by

768-536: The official order. Besides the 15 major academic schools and the education experimental school, NPU has other schools or institutes. They are: Academic Ranking of World Universities The Academic Ranking of World Universities ( ARWU ), also known as the Shanghai Ranking , is one of the annual publications of world university rankings . The league table was originally compiled and issued by Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2003, making it

800-494: The results from the Shanghai rankings could not be reproduced from raw data using the method described by Liu and Cheng. A 2013 paper in the same journal finally showed how the Shanghai ranking results could be reproduced. In a report from April 2009, J-C. Billaut, D. Bouyssou and Ph. Vincke analyse how the ARWU works, using their insights as specialists of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). Their main conclusions are that

832-527: The results. ARWU has been criticised by the European Commission as well as some EU member states for "favour[ing] Anglo-Saxon higher education institutions". For instance, ARWU is repeatedly criticised in France, where it triggers an annual controversy, focusing on its ill-adapted character to the French academic system and the unreasonable weight given to research often performed decades ago. It

864-774: The size of the institution, and thus larger institutions tend to rank above smaller ones. EU Research Headlines reported the ARWU's work on 31 December 2003: "The universities were carefully evaluated using several indicators of research performance." A survey on higher education published by The Economist in 2005 commented ARWU as "the most widely used annual ranking of the world's research universities." In 2010, The Chronicle of Higher Education called ARWU "the best-known and most influential global ranking of universities" and Philip G. Altbach named ARWU's 'consistency, clarity of purpose, and transparency' as significant strengths. University of Oxford Chancellor Chris Patten has said "the methodology looks fairly solid ... it looks like

896-807: The western hinterland. Among those that fled to Shaanxi , the National Beiyang Engineering Institute , the Engineering School of Beiping University, the Engineering School of the National Northeastern University , and the (private) Jiaozuo Engineering Institute were combined to form the National Northwestern Engineering Institute in Hanzhong , a city surrounded by mountains. In 1946, after

928-662: Was first released in 2011. National Key Universities National Key Universities ( Chinese : 国家重点大学 ; pinyin : guójiā zhòngdiǎn dàxué ) previously referred to universities recognized as prestigious and which received a high level of support from the central government of the People's Republic of China . The term is no longer in official use by 1990s. The term "zhòngdiǎn" 重点, translated here as "key," in this phrase can also be translated as "major," "priority," or "focal." The term "National Key Universities" then became defunct, and these schools are now normally referred to as " Double First Class Universities “, based on

960-535: Was listed as one of the 15 National Key Developing Universities. In the ninth Five-year plan , NPU joined the Project 211 . And, in the tenth Five-year plan , NPU joined the Project 985 . Since its establishment, NPU has educated more than 150,000 high level technicians and researchers for China's defense industry and national economy development. The first PhD from 6 disciplines in China was graduated from NPU. And, among NPU's alumni, there are more than 30 fellows of

992-537: Was relocated to Xi'an and renamed the Xi'an Aeronautics Institute , which is the second predecessor of the NPU, in 1956. In 1957, the Northwestern Engineering Institute and the Xi'an Aeronautics Institute were merged to form NPU, which concentrated its research efforts on defense technology for aeronautics, astronautics and marine engineering. In 1970, due to deteriorating relations with

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1024-668: Was subsequently identified by the Chinese government in 1959, and included Peking University , Tsinghua University , University of Science and Technology of China , Renmin University , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing Normal University , Beijing Institute of Aeronautics , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing Medical University , Fudan University , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , East China Normal University , Shanghai First Medical College , Tianjin University , Harbin Institute of Technology , Xi'an Jiao Tong University and Northwestern Polytechnical University . By

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