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57-1167: In December 1954, six schools were first designated by the Ministry of Education as national key universities: Peking University , Tsinghua University , Renmin University of China , Harbin Institute of Technology , Beijing Medical College , and Beijing University of Agriculture . A list of 20 National Key Universities was subsequently identified by the Chinese government in 1959, and included Peking University , Tsinghua University , University of Science and Technology of China , Renmin University , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing Normal University , Beijing Institute of Aeronautics , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing Medical University , Fudan University , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , East China Normal University , Shanghai First Medical College , Tianjin University , Harbin Institute of Technology , Xi'an Jiao Tong University and Northwestern Polytechnical University . By

114-528: A department to a school. Yang Fuqing, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, served as the honorary president. In 2022, Peking University and Lancet established a commission on healthy aging in China . The Commission's purpose is to re-focus the debate on aging not just on the risks of China's aging population but on opportunities by "unleashing the intellectual and vocational capacities of

171-707: A partnership with the Freie Universität Berlin since 1981 and the Higher School of Economics since 2015, and in 2019, became a partner of Washington University in St. Louis through the McDonnell International Scholars Academy . On the 121st founding anniversary, Peking University unveiled the "Global Excellence Strategy", an international blueprint aiming to enhance Peking University's global presence during

228-1360: A total of 147 universities have been approved and recognized as Double First-Class Construction Universities. * represent the newly added universities in the Phase 2 list of Double First-Class Construction. According to the 'Phase 2 List of the Double First-Class Construction Initiative' jointly published by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission in February 2022, 15 universities received warnings on their Double First-Class status revocation (including Anhui University , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Central China Normal University , Guangxi University , Inner Mongolia University , Liaoning University , Ningbo University , Ningxia University , Northeast Normal University , Shanghai University of Finance and Economics , Tibet University , Third Military Medical University , Xinjiang University , Yanbian University , and Zhongnan University of Economics and Law ). These 15 universities were required to rectify and improve their research qualities and development, and if

285-551: Is a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government, initiated in 2015. There are 147 universities and colleges selected to be part of the program. The program was initiated by the Xi Jinping administration in 2015 to replace the original higher education development programs Project 211 and Project 985 , established by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s. In October 2015,

342-750: Is a satellite campus of Peking University located in Shenzhen , Guangdong. It was founded in September, 2001 in collaboration with the Shenzhen Municipal Government and is located in University Town of Shenzhen along with satellite campuses of Tsinghua University and Harbin Institute of Technology. Dr. Wen Hai, a renowned economist in China and the vice-president of Peking University is the present chancellor of PKU Shenzhen. The school houses seven research departments as well as

399-686: Is on Xueyuan Road where the country's most distinguished colleges are, and is a fitting site for academics and research. During the Third Front construction, Peking University opened a branch in Hanzhong , Shaanxi. In 2001, Peking University's Shenzhen campus, the Shenzhen Graduate School , opened its doors. The campus is located in the northwest part of Shenzhen City. Peking University consists of 30 schools and 12 departments, with 125 majors for undergraduates, 2 majors for

456-649: The Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology. Notable items in these museums include funerary objects that were excavated in Beijing and date back thousands of years from the graves of royals of the Warring States period . There are ritual pottery vessels as well as elaborate pieces of jewelry on display. There are also human bones set up in the traditional burial style of that period. Beyond its main campus, Peking University Health Science Center (PKUHSC)

513-580: The Beijing International MBA at Peking University (BiMBA), which is ranked among the top six MBA programs by Quacquarelli Symonds in its TopMBA ranking of the best MBA programs in Asia Pacific for the year 2014–2015. BiMBA has also been ranked as the second most valuable full-time MBA in China by Forbes (after CEIBS ) and among Asia's best business schools by Bloomberg Business . Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School

570-611: The Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and 25 members of the World Academy of Sciences . Following China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War , intellectuals - including Kang Youwei , Liang Qichao , and Yan Fu - called for reforms to the country's education system. In June 1896, Minister Li Duanfen proposed to create a university in the capital. On 11 June 1898,

627-597: The Guangxu Emperor , as part of the Hundred Days' Reform , authorised the creation of the Imperial University of Peking ( Chinese : 京師大學堂 ; pinyin : Jīngshī Dàxuétáng ; lit. 'Capital Grand Study Hall'). The Imperial University was formally established on 3 July 1898 when the emperor approved the royal charter written by Liang. Minister Sun Jianai was charged with

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684-578: The Imperial University of Peking in 1898 by a royal charter from the Guangxu Emperor , it is the second oldest university in China after Tianjin University (established in 1895). In May 1912, the government of the Republic of China ordered the Imperial University of Peking to be renamed Peking University. Peking University merged with Yenching University after the nationwide restructuring of schools and departments in 1952. In April 2000,

741-1238: The Medal of the Republic , Zhong Nanshan , and chief economist of the World Bank, Justin Yifu Lin . Notable alumni in the humanities and arts include author Lu Xun , philosopher and essayist Hu Shih , polymath Lin Yutang , philosopher Liang Shuming , Qing-dynasty educator Gu Hongming , anthropologist Fei Xiaotong , translator Li Bulou , computer scientist Wang Xuan , and author Jin Yong . Notable international alumni include emeritus professor and linguist Michael Halliday , author Julia Ebner , and philosopher Professor Li Chenyang . Notable alumni in business include co-founder and CEO of Baidu , billionaire Robin Li , and cryptocurrency entrepreneur Justin Sun . Other notable alumni include chess grandmaster , four-time Women's World Chess Champion, and Rhodes Scholar Hou Yifan . Peking University has benefited from

798-616: The Peking University HSBC Business School and Peking University School of Transnational Law . On August 29, 2016, Peking University signed a strategic agreement with the Shenzhen Municipal Government to further develop its Shenzhen Graduate School, the university plans build a brand new campus near the existed graduate school and open undergraduate programs. Every year, there are approximately 7,000 international students studying at Peking University. Peking University offers dual degree programs at

855-552: The United Front Work Department , Shi Taifeng , former Governor of the Central Bank of China, Yi Gang , former Interpol -president, Meng Hongwei , and former minister of commerce and Communist Party Secretary of Chongqing , Bo Xilai . Notable alumni in the sciences include Nobel laureate Tu Youyou , who for her work in discovering artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin used to treat malaria ,

912-628: The University of Tokyo . PKU also has a longstanding relationship with Stanford University which operates a joint research center and base for Stanford students and scholars at the Stanford Center at Peking University, located in the Lee Jung Sen Building. The Peking University HSBC Business School has joint degree programs with University of Hong Kong and Chinese University of Hong Kong . The university has maintained

969-541: The bachelor's , master's , and doctoral levels with the renowned Waseda University (早稲田大学) in Northeast Asia . It is one of the most engaged partners with Waseda, having established a strong cooperative relationship of the highest level. This partnership began with an academic agreement in 1982, enhancing dual degree programs and joint research initiatives since 2003. Under the PKU-Waseda project, each year,

1026-616: The " Fourth Industrial Revolution ". The "Global Excellence Strategy" aims to strengthen international cooperation, overcome development barriers, gather global resources, and stimulate collegial relationships. The Global Excellence Strategy is based upon the English word "CLOUDS", representing the "cloud era" of the "Fourth Industrial Revolution". Each letter stands for a corresponding word, namely creativity, leadership , openness , uniqueness , diversity and shaping. Peking University has participated in many joint art-research projects, such as

1083-446: The "Double First-class" construction alliance in mathematics. On April 2, 2021, Peking University Nanchang Innovation Research Institute was inaugurated. On July 15, 2021, Peking University School of Integrated Circuits was inaugurated. On September 6, 2021, the new Changping campus of Peking University was officially opened, welcoming the first batch of teachers and students. On September 30, Peking University Lanyuan Centre

1140-701: The 1980s, 99 national key universities were identified (some have been merged into other universities). The current project, established in 2015, is the Double First-Class Construction to create world-class universities by 2050. In October 2015, the State Council of People's Republic of China published the 'Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World First-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines ( Double First-Class University Plan )' , which made new arrangements for

1197-899: The Center for the Art of East Asia (CAEA) with the University of Chicago , and Department of Digital Art and Design with UNESCO . Notable alumni include the current chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the third-ranking member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee Zhao Leji . Other alumni in politics include former premier of China Li Keqiang , former vice premier of China Hu Chunhua , current minister of Education, Chen Baosheng ; current minister of Natural resources, Wang Guanghua ; current Head of

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1254-534: The China and Asia-Pacific Studies major at Cornell, which requires students to spend a semester studying at Peking University while working at internships. In 2006, PKU launched a joint undergraduate program with Yale University in which students will spend a semester overseas, living and studying together with the host institute's students. PKU's School of International Studies also launched joint degree programs with London School of Economics , Paris School of International Affairs , Seoul National University , and

1311-649: The Double First-Class Construction Initiative. In September 2017, the full list of the universities and their disciplines of the Double First-Class Construction was jointly published by the Ministry of Education of China, the Ministry of Finance of China and the National Development and Reform Commission of China . According to the list, 140 universities have been approved as 'Double First-Class Construction Universities' by

1368-452: The Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission. In addition, with the approval of the State Council of China, the updated Phase 2 list of "Double First-Class Construction Universities" has been released. According to the Phase 2 List of the Double First-Class Construction, the previous university classifications have been abolished, and a total number of 147 universities have been included in

1425-614: The Peking-Waseda partnership, is rare on a global scale. The dormitories for international students at the main campus are located at Shaoyuan Garden (勺园) and Zhongguanyuan Global Village (中关新园). Its international students are made up of students from most countries in the world including most of Western Europe, North America, and South America, Asia, Australia and many countries in Africa. In 2005, Peking University and Cornell University signed an agreement formally establishing

1482-507: The State Council of China published the "Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World First-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines" (Double First-Class Construction), which made new arrangements for the development of higher education in China, replacing previous higher education projects. In June 2016, the Ministry of Education of China announced that the Project 211 and Project 985 had already been abolished and replaced by

1539-584: The State Council of China. The Double First-Class Construction policy underlines that driving the overall development of universities by building and strengthening their faculties and departments, and ultimately develop the Double First-Class Construction Universities into world-class universities by 2050. In February 2022, the "Some Suggestions on Further Promoting the Construction of World First-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines" were jointly published by

1596-639: The country's largest institution of higher learning, with 14 departments and an enrollment of more than 2,000 students. President Cai, inspired by the German model of academic freedom, introduced faculty governance and democratic management to the university. Cai recruited an intellectually diverse faculty that included some of the most prominent figures in the progressive New Culture Movement , including Hu Shih , Liu Bannong , Ma Yinchu , Li Dazhao , Chen Duxiu , Lu Xun and Liang Shuming . Meanwhile, leading conservatives Gu Hongming and Huang Kan also taught at

1653-436: The development of higher education in China, replacing previous projects of Chinese higher education. A total of 140 Double First Class Universities were approved to be included in the state Double First-Class Construction by the central government of China in 2017, representing the top 5% of the higher education institutions (3,012) in this country. As of February 2022, the 147 Double First Class Universities are considered as

1710-1306: The end of 1960, another 44 universities were added into the list, which amounted to 64 national key universities. By the end of 1965, there were 68 National Key Universities, including Zhejiang University , Peking Union Medical College , Nanjing University , Sun Yat-sen University , Southeast University , Tongji University , Wuhan University , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Nankai University , Xiamen University , South China University of Technology , Sichuan University , Shandong University , Jilin University , Lanzhou University , Dalian University of Technology , Chongqing University , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Northeastern University , Beijing Forestry University , and Shandong Ocean College among others. By 1978, there were 88 National Key Universities, including Minzu University of China and Hunan University . From 1978 to 1981, another 11 national key higher education institutions were successively added and restored, including Southern Medical University , Nanjing Agricultural University , Beijing Language and Culture University and Northwest A&F University among others. The Chinese government made several batches of national key universities in history (from 1950s to 1980s). From 1954 to

1767-478: The former Beijing Medical University merged into the Peking University. Peking University has six faculties, namely Humanities, Social Sciences, Economics and Management, Science, Information Technology and Engineering, as well as Health Science. It consists of 55 schools and departments, 60 research entities, and ten affiliated hospitals. By 2017, Peking University's staff include 76 academicians of

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1824-441: The implementation. IUP served as the country's foremost institute for higher learning, but also as its highest educational authority. William Alexander Parsons Martin was appointed as the first president. Most of the reforms were abolished when the conservative Empress Dowager Cixi seized power on 21 September. The university survived with altered objectives and reduced scope. It opened on 31 December with 160 students, instead of

1881-407: The lists (by "school code") in 2017. In February 2022, the Ministry of Education of China announced that the classifications had been invalidated, and the universities included in the Double First-Class Construction should be referred to as Double First-Class Construction Universities. According to the updated Phase 2 list of the Double First-Class Construction (without any ranking within the list),

1938-579: The most elite part of higher education in Mainland China. Peking University Peking University ( PKU ) is a public university in Haidian , Beijing , China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China . The university is part of Project 211 , Project 985 , and the Double First-Class Construction . It is also a member in the C9 League . Established as

1995-702: The older population and the whole of Chinese society." In June 2022, the International University Sports Federation (FISU) released the first series of "Healthy Campus" list. Peking University, as the only Chinese university that has obtained platinum certification from the International University Sports Federation, participated in 4 projects and became the only representative from China among 130 projects worldwide. American architect and art historian Talbot Hamlin designed some of

2052-401: The plan (accounted for 4.88% of 3,012 Chinese higher education institutions), after 7 universities newly adding into the list since February 2022. The purpose of the program is to "enhance the comprehensive strength and international competitiveness of China's higher education." The phase-specific objectives include that "an increasing number of Chinese universities and their disciplines join

2109-495: The planned 500. Following the Xinhai Revolution , the Imperial University of Peking was renamed "Government University of Peking" in 1912 and then "National University of Peking" in 1919 ( simplified Chinese : 国立北京大学 ; traditional Chinese : 國立北京大學 ; pinyin : Guólì Běijīng Dàxué ). The noted scholar Cai Yuanpei was appointed president on January 4, 1917, and helped transform Peking University into

2166-702: The protest on May 4, students, workers and merchants from nearly all China's major cities went on strike and boycotted Japanese goods in China. The Beiyang government eventually agreed to release the arrested students and fired the three officials under intense public pressure, China's representatives in Paris refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles. During the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius campaign of 1973 to 1976, critique groups formed at Peking University and Tsinghua University disseminated commentaries under

2223-555: The pseudonym of "Liang Xiao." The pseudonym sounds like a person's name but is a homophone for "two schools." In October 2015, Peking University alumni Professor Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin . Having saved millions of lives, artemisinin has made significant contributions to global health in regard to the fight against malaria . On February 20, 2017,

2280-623: The ranks of world-class institutions, and a number of universities enter the forefront of global excellence, with a group of disciplines reaching the forefront of world-class standings by 2030," and "developing the Double First-Class Construction Universities into world-class higher education institutions through building and strengthening their faculties and departments by the mid-21st century." The Phase 1 list of 140 Double First-Class Construction Universities were jointly issued by Chinese Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, and National Development and Reform Commission without any ranking within

2337-425: The second bachelor's degree , 282 programs for Master's degree candidates and 258 programs for doctoral candidates . In addition to basic research , the university also conducts applied research . At present, Peking University has 216 research institutions and research centres, including 2 national engineering research centers, 81 key national disciplines, and 12 national key laboratories. With 8 million holdings,

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2394-546: The services of notable academics and staff. These include founder of the People's Republic of China Mao Zedong (who worked as a library staff at the university), educator, politician, and revolutionary Cai Yuanpei (served as Chancellor of Peking University), and others. Double First-Class Construction The World First-Class Universities and First-Class Academic Disciplines Construction ( 世界一流大学和一流学科建设 ), together known as Double First-Class Construction ( 双一流建设 ),

2451-578: The top universities in mainland China . In 2015, the Chinese University Alumni Association in partnership with China Education Center considered it first among all Chinese universities . The joint THE-QS World University Rankings 2005 & 2006 ranked Peking University 1st in the Asia & Oceania region and 14th in the world in 2006. In 2014, the U.S. News & World Report ranked Peking University 39th in

2508-919: The university library is the largest of its kind in Asia. Peking University, the Georgia Institute of Technology , and Emory University jointly administer the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering . Over the past century, some Peking University alumni have become presidents of other major Chinese universities, including former Tsinghua President Luo Jialun, Renmin University President Yuan Baohua, Zhejiang University President Qian Sanqiang, Fudan University President Zhang Zhirang, Nankai University President Teng Weizao, Chinese University of Science and Technology President Guan Weiyan and many others. Several rankings have placed Peking University among

2565-772: The university officially signed a contract with the British Open University to establish the Oxford Campus of Peking University HSBC Business School, Peking University Oxford Center and Shenzhen Oxford Innovation Center. On June 29, 2020, the Sino-Russian Mathematics Center was established. The Sino-Russian Mathematics Center is led by Peking University and Moscow State University , and jointly constructed by relevant domestic units and other Russian universities and research institutes such as St. Petersburg University , relying on

2622-665: The university selects undergraduates to spend their third year studying at Waseda University in Japan , and then they return to Peking University for their fourth year. Simultaneously, Waseda University sends numerous students to Peking University as exchange students. Upon graduation, students receive two bachelor's degrees, one from each university. Additionally, joint master's student training programs and dual doctoral degree programs with Waseda University are also in operation. The comprehensive collaboration of offering dual degrees at all bachelor's , master's , and doctoral levels, as seen in

2679-524: The university's buildings constructed during the 1919 to 1922 period. There are several gates that lead into campus — East, West and South gates, with the West Gate being the most well known for the painted murals on its ceiling. Weiming Lake is in the north of the campus and is surrounded by walking paths and small gardens. The university hosts many museums, such as the Museum of University History and

2736-529: The university. A firm supporter for freedom of thought, Cai advocated for educational independence and resigned several times protesting the government 's policy and interference. On May 1, 1919, some students of Peking University learned that the Treaty of Versailles would allow Japan to receive Germany's colonising rights in Shandong province. An assembly at Peking University that included these students and representatives from other universities in Beijing

2793-553: The world based on their publications for the time period 2015–2018. For the high quality of research in natural science and health science, Peking University ranked 6th among the leading institutions, and 4th among the leading universities globally in the Nature Index 2024 Research Leaders by Nature Research . In 2023, it ranked 8th among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings . In November 2024, Clarivate Analytics ranked Peking University 12th in

2850-538: The world for most Highly Cited Researchers . On October 24, 2018, Peking University Library, the largest library among Asian universities, held the opening ceremony of the 120th anniversary at the Yingjie Overseas Exchange Center. The National School of Development (formerly China Center for Economic Research) is ranked amongst the top five most influential think tanks in China. In 1998, Justin Yifu Lin et al. jointly founded

2907-595: The world respectively. Peking University was also ranked 15th in the world and 1st in the Asia-Pacific in The Three University Missions Ranking . The Academic Ranking of World Universities , also known as the "Shanghai Ranking", placed Peking University 24th in the world and 2nd in the Asia-Pacific & China. The U.S. News & World Report ranked Peking University 31st in the world, 4th in Asia and 2nd in China. Peking

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2964-528: The world's top 20 universities for academic reputation where, it ranked 16 globally, and top 10 in the world and first in the Asia-Pacific for employer reputation. Since 2017, Peking has been placed among the world's top 20 most reputable universities by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings , where it ranked 11 globally in 2023. The 2020 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Peking University at 8th in

3021-568: The world, 2nd in the Asia-Pacific and 1st in China. Peking had topped the newly launched Times Higher Education BRICS & Emerging Economies since its inception in 2014. The 2023 QS Rankings ranked Peking University 12th in the world and first in Asia. As of 2024, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked Peking University 13th in the world, with its teaching and research environment indicators placed at 9th and 7th in

3078-533: Was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura ; nuclear physicists and contributors to Chinese nuclear weapons program Qian Sanqiang and Deng Jiaxian, and "father of the Chinese hydrogen bomb" physicist Yu Min , nuclear physicist Zhu Guangya , particle physicist and discoverer of the partial conservation of the axial current, Zhou Guangzhao ; mathematician and MacArthur Fellow Yitang Zhang , neurosurgeon Wang Zhongcheng , pulmonologist and recipient of

3135-467: Was officially launched. The first dean of Lanyuan Centre is Ke Yang, Professor of Peking University School of Clinical Oncology and a foreign academician of the American Academy of Medical Sciences. In October, Peking University officially announced the establishment of Peking University School of Computer Science, which means the computer major of Peking University was officially upgraded from

3192-594: Was quickly organised. On May 4, students from thirteen universities marched to Tiananmen to protest the terms of Treaty of Versailles , demanded the Beiyang government to refuse to sign the treaty. Demonstrators also demanded the immediate resignation of three officials: Cao Rulin , Minister of the Ministry of Transportation , Zhang Zongxiang, China's Ambassador to Japan and Lu Zongyu, Minister of Currency, who they believed were in cooperation with Japanese. The protest ended up with some protesters being beaten and arrested, and Cao Rulin's house burned by protesters. Following

3249-421: Was ranked 2nd in the Asia-Pacific and the 19th worldwide in 2023 in terms of aggregate performance (THE+ARWU+QS) as reported by the Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities . In the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2017, an annual ranking of university graduates' employability, Peking University was ranked 11th in the world and 2nd in Asia. In 2019, the QS World University Rankings ranked the university as one of

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