A state government is the government that controls a subdivision of a country in a federal form of government , which shares political power with the federal or national government . A state government may have some level of political autonomy , or be subject to the direct control of the federal government. This relationship may be defined by a constitution .
41-572: North Bengal State Transport Corporation ( NBSTC ) is a state government run transport corporation in West Bengal, India . It plies buses mainly in North Bengal but operates services to other parts of West Bengal and neighboring states like Sikkim, Assam, and Bihar. The corporation runs premium long haul buses as well as local buses. It is one of the most favoured bus operators in West Bengal. This article about an Indian company
82-674: A Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly . Formed after the Norfolk Island Act 1979 was passed in the Australian parliament, its first members were elected on the tenth of August 1979. The assembly consisted of 9 members elected every three years by popular vote. It was abolished in June 2015 as part of a reorganisation of the territory's government by the Parliament of Australia. In the external territory of Christmas Island in
123-561: A governor , who represents the King of Australia (currently Charles III ) and performs the ceremonial duties of a head of state . Unlike the Canadian lieutenant-governors, a state governor is appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the state government, not the federal government. Every state also has a parliament ; most states have a bicameral parliament, except for Queensland , where
164-427: A parliamentary system in which the executive is dependent on and accountable to the legislature. The unicameral provincial legislature is elected by party-list proportional representation , and the legislature in turn elects one of its members as Premier to head the executive. The Premier appoints an Executive Council (a cabinet), consisting of members of the legislature, to administer the various departments of
205-412: A " sovereign state ". Most federations designate their federal units "state" or the equivalent term in the local language; however, in some federations, other designations are used such as Oblast or Republic . Some federations are asymmetric , designating greater powers to some federal units than others. Provinces are usually divisions of unitary states but occasionally the designation is also given to
246-524: A case the provincial legislation prevails, but national legislation may prescribe standards and frameworks for provinces to follow, and may prevent provinces from adversely affecting national interests or the interests of other provinces. The functional areas in which the provincial governments have powers include agriculture, arts and culture, primary and secondary education, the environment and tourism, health, housing, roads and transport, and social welfare. The provincial governments are structured according to
287-563: A part of the South Australian Parliament. The Legislative Council has 22 members, elected for eight-year terms by proportional voting with half the members facing re-election every four years, and the House of Assembly which has 47 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member constituencies, using preferential voting. Voting is compulsory. The Parliament of Western Australia is a bicameral legislature comprising
328-597: A state legislature) such as in North Carolina or simply Legislature as in Texas ). In Nebraska , United States Virgin Islands and Guam (the latter two being federal territories rather than states) the legislature is unicameral . The states are sovereign entities in their own right and maintain much control over their internal affairs with issues such as public transport and law enforcement generally being
369-491: Is Puerto Rico . Puerto Rico is treated in a manner similar to a state in many areas but in others is quite different. Most notably it does not have representation in the United States Congress other than its non-voting Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico . However, it does enjoy more autonomy in taxation and some other areas than the states and thus is commonly classified as a sort of autonomous region for
410-627: Is a bicameral legislature comprising the New South Wales Legislative Council , the Legislative Assembly and the King , represented by the Governor of New South Wales . The Legislative Council has 42 members elected for eight-year terms with half the members facing re-election every four years. The Legislative Council cannot block appropriation bills. They are elected by proportional voting with
451-615: Is a federal nation with six states (and two mainland territories). Section 51 of the Australian Constitution sets out the division of legislative power between the states and the Commonwealth (federal) government. The Commonwealth government is given a variety of legislative powers, including control of foreign policy , taxation (although this cannot discriminate between states or parts of states), and regulation of interstate commerce and corporations . Since
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#1732772800438492-459: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This bus operating company article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about transport in India is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . State government The reference to "state" denotes country subdivisions that are officially or widely known as "states", and should not be confused with
533-588: Is a bicameral legislature comprising the Tasmanian Legislative Council , the House of Assembly and the Governor of Tasmania . The Legislative Council has 15 members, elected for six-year terms, elected from single-member constituencies on a rotational basis with either two or three being elected each year, using full preferential voting . The House of Assembly has 35 members elected for four-year terms from multi-member constituencies, using
574-763: Is called the Chief Minister , while the Administrator of the Northern Territory (appointed by the federal government) forms a similar role to state governors in providing assent to legislation. In the external territory of Norfolk Island located in the South Pacific Ocean , the local legislative body is the Norfolk Island Regional Council , established in 2016. The island was previously governed by
615-437: Is compulsory, and elections take place on the last Saturday of November every four years. The Parliament of Queensland is a unicameral legislature comprising the Legislative Assembly and the King , represented by the Governor of Queensland . The Legislative Assembly has 93 members elected for fixed four-year terms in single-member constituencies using preferential voting . Voting is compulsory, and elections take place on
656-467: Is usually considered a unitary state but its government system possesses a strong similarity to a federal one. The Constitution of South Africa does not describe the state as federal or unitary. South Africa is divided into nine provinces which have their own elected governments. Chapter Six of the Constitution of South Africa describes the division of power between the national government and
697-608: The British Imperial Parliament , and their original constitutions were contained in Acts of that Parliament; however now the power to amend state constitutions resides with the respective state parliaments, in accordance with its constitution. The Commonwealth Parliament cannot amend a state's constitution. The Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory , by contrast, are territories of
738-572: The Federal Parliament , but there are no laws preventing holders of dual citizenship being members of State Parliaments. Before the formation of the Commonwealth in 1901, the six Australian colonies were self-governing colonies, with parliaments which had come into existence at various times between 1825, when the New South Wales Legislative Council was created, to 1891, when Western Australia became
779-615: The Hare-Clark system of proportional representation. Voting is compulsory. The Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly has 25 members, elected for four-year terms from multi-member constituencies, using the Hare-Clark system of proportional voting. The Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is a unicameral legislature. The Legislative Assembly has 25 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member constituencies, using preferential voting. The head of government
820-596: The Puerto Rican people , who are culturally distinct from the Americans on the mainland. There exists a debate as to the future status of the territory with proposals including full statehood , maintenance of the autonomous territory status , or some form of independence (either retaining limited reliance upon the United States or full independence with no special relationship ) Parliaments of
861-501: The Western Australian Legislative Council , the Legislative Assembly and the King , represented by the Governor of Western Australia . The Legislative Council has 36 members, elected for fixed four-year terms from six multi-member electoral regions by "community of interest" —3 metropolitan and 3 rural—each electing 6 members by proportional voting. There is a significant malapportionment in
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#1732772800438902-463: The Australian states and territories [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The parliaments of the Australian states and territories are legislative bodies within the federal framework of the Commonwealth of Australia. All the parliaments are based on the Westminster system , and each is regulated by its own constitution. Queensland and the two territories have unicameral parliaments, with
943-531: The Commonwealth, and their parliaments were created by way of legislation of the Commonwealth Parliament. Although the Commonwealth treats the territories as though they were states for many purposes, they are not states, and the legislative powers of their parliaments can be altered or even abolished by the Commonwealth Parliament. The Commonwealth can also overturn legislation passed by the territory parliaments. The Parliament of New South Wales
984-735: The Indian Ocean, the Shire Council provides local governance. The nine-member Shire Council was established in 1993. Councilors serve four-year terms, with four or five being chosen every second year. In the external territory of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in the Indian Ocean, the Shire of Cocos is the local legislative body. Established in 1993, the Shire Council consists of 7 members serving terms of four years. Elections for half
1025-529: The Legislative Council in favour of rural regions. The Legislative Assembly has 59 members, elected for fixed four-year terms from single-member constituencies, using preferential voting. Voting is compulsory, with elections being held every four years on the second Saturday in March, though the term of the Legislative Council does not expire until May after the election. The Parliament of Tasmania
1066-513: The States respectively, making the United States a decentralized federation. Federal law generally takes preference over State law when the two conflict due to a number of constitutional clauses and judicial precedents. In most states, governors are directly elected heads of state and commander in chief of their state's respective military structure. State legislatures exerce legislative authority. In 49 states out of 50 as well as three of
1107-475: The domain of state governments (although the Federal government often works with states in these areas). Large portions of the welfare state in the United States are administered by the states as well which means that levels of social services vary from state to state. This has sometimes been controversial, such as in the case of Medicaid expansion . There are also several territories, the most notable of which
1148-460: The extent of the Commonwealth's power over trade union and industrial relations legislation. One difference between the Australian and United States models of federalism is that, in Australia, the Commonwealth Parliament has explicit constitutional power over marriage legislation; this has been a focal point for recent controversies over same-sex marriage . Each state of Australia has
1189-459: The federal units such as the Provinces of Argentina or Canada . Their governments, which are also provincial governments , are not the subject of this article. Many people confuse the state with city governments, and while a small ticket or small crime will be overlooked by the federal government and handled by the state or city government, that are not the same. The Commonwealth of Australia
1230-415: The inhabited Territories of the United States ( Puerto Rico , Northern Mariana Islands , and American Samoa ), the legislature is bicameral with the houses commonly, though not exclusively being styled House of Representatives and Senate although the name of the legislative body as a whole varies between the states (the most common are General Assembly (Itself sometimes a term for the lower house of
1271-760: The last Saturday of October every four years. The Parliament of South Australia is a bicameral legislature comprising the South Australian Legislative Council and the House of Assembly . According to the South Australian Constitution, unlike the Federal Parliament, and the parliaments of the other states and territories of Australia, neither the Sovereign nor the Governor is considered to be
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1312-481: The last of the colonies to gain full self-government. The colonies ratified the Constitution of Australia , becoming States of the Commonwealth in the new federation, and ceding certain of their legislative powers to the Commonwealth Parliament , but otherwise retaining their self-governing status with their own constitutions and parliaments. The state parliaments were all created by legislation of
1353-492: The original ratification of the constitution, the High Court of Australia has settled a number of disputes concerning the extent of the Commonwealth's legislative powers, some of which have been controversial and extensively criticised; these included a dispute in 1982 over whether the Commonwealth was entitled to designate land for national heritage purposes under United Nations agreements, as well as numerous disputes over
1394-458: The provincial administration. The United States is divided into 50 states , which comprise the federated polities. Unlike many other federal systems, the states of the U.S. created the federal government. Under the 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution , all governmental powers not granted to the Federal government of the United States nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to
1435-444: The provincial governments, listing those "functional areas" of government that are exclusively reserved to the provincial governments and those where both levels of government have concurrent powers; the remaining areas not listed are reserved to the national government. In areas where both levels have concurrent powers there is a complex set of rules in the event of a conflict between national and provincial legislation. Generally in such
1476-570: The real executive power rests with a Council of Ministers , headed by a Chief Minister . The legislative structure consists of a directly-elected legislative assembly and, in the case of 6 states, an indirectly-elected legislative council . The judicial setup consists of the state's high court and the district courts subordinate to it. Mexico also has states. In Nigeria , States are constituent political entities of which there are currently 36. States have an elected Governor and legislature and broad powers in some areas. Powers not given to
1517-429: The representative of the federal government and responsible for the enforcement of federal legislation. Germany has sixteen states with their own governments. In India , state governments are the governments ruling over the country's 28 states and two of its eight union territories ( Delhi and Puducherry ). Under the Constitution of India , the executive power of a state is vested in its Governor ; however,
1558-509: The single house being called the Legislative Assembly. The other states have a bicameral parliament, with a lower house called the Legislative Assembly ( New South Wales , Victoria and Western Australia ) or House of Assembly ( South Australia and Tasmania ), and an upper house called the Legislative Council. Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia prevents persons with dual citizenship from being members of
1599-427: The states belong to the federal government under the Constitution of Nigeria . In Pakistan , the Provinces of Pakistan are the federal units. There are currently four. The Provincial Governments are each headed formally by a Provincial Governor but for practical purposes power is exercised by the Chief Minister , in a parliamentary system similar to that of the Federal government of Pakistan . South Africa
1640-478: The upper chamber (the Legislative Council ) was abolished in 1922. Like their Indian counterparts, Australian states have a Westminster system of parliamentary government; the head of government, known in each state as a Premier , is drawn from the state parliament. In Austria, a Landtag (state parliament) elects a Landeshauptmann , who is not only the chairman of a state government but also
1681-766: The whole state being one electorate. The Legislative Assembly has 93 members elected for four-year terms from single-member constituencies, using optional preferential voting . The Parliament of Victoria is a bicameral legislature comprising the Victorian Legislative Council , the Legislative Assembly and the King , represented by the Governor of Victoria . The Legislative Council has 40 members, elected for four-year terms, elected from eight multi-member constituencies, each with five members, using proportional voting . The Legislative Assembly has 88 members elected for fixed four-year terms from single-member constituencies, using preferential voting. Voting