114-535: Newport News Shipbuilding ( NNS ), a division of Huntington Ingalls Industries , is the sole designer, builder, and refueler of aircraft carriers and one of two providers of submarines for the United States Navy . Founded as the Chesapeake Dry Dock and Construction Co. in 1886, Newport News Shipbuilding has built more than 800 ships, including both naval and commercial ships. Located in
228-492: A Dumaresq mechanical computer and electrically transmitted to Vickers range clocks located in the Transmitting Station located beneath each position on the main deck, where it was converted into range and deflection data for use by the guns. Voice pipes were retained for use between the Transmitting Station and the control positions. The target's data was also graphically recorded on a plotting table to assist
342-456: A broadside of eight guns between 60° before the beam and 50° abaft the beam. Beyond these limits she could fire six guns aft, and four forward. On bearings 1° ahead or astern she could fire six guns, although she would have inflicted blast damage on the superstructure . The guns could be depressed to −3° and elevated to +13.5°. They fired 850 lb (390 kg) projectiles at a muzzle velocity of 2,725 ft/s (831 m/s), giving
456-639: A shipyard to repair ships servicing this transportation hub. In 1891 Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company delivered its first ship, the tugboat Dorothy . By 1897 NNS had built three warships for the US Navy : USS Nashville , Wilmington and Helena . When Collis died in 1900, his nephew Henry E. Huntington inherited much of his uncle's fortune. He also married Collis' widow Arabella Huntington , and assumed Collis' leadership role with Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company. Under Henry Huntington's leadership, growth continued. In 1906
570-476: A $ 1.3 billion modification to a previously awarded contract from the U.S. Navy for the procurement of the detail design and construction of amphibious transport dock LPD 32. The ship will be the 16th in the San Antonio class and the third Flight II LPD. The America- class LHA ships are a variant of the extremely successful Wasp -class LHD amphibious assault ships that are presently serving as workhorses in
684-458: A 9 ft (2.7 m) rangefinder at the same time. The exact date of the installation of the director is not known, other than it was not fitted before the end of 1915, and it was most likely mounted during her April–June 1916 refit. Dreadnought used Krupp cemented armour throughout, unless otherwise mentioned. Her waterline belt measured 11 in (279 mm) thick, but tapered to 7 in (178 mm) at its lower edge. It extended from
798-584: A German U-boat off Queenstown on the Irish coast. His assistant, Frederic Gauntlett, was also on board, but was able to swim to safety. Homer Lenoir Ferguson was company vice president when Hopkins died, and assumed the presidency the following August. He saw the company through both world wars, became a noted community leader, and was a co-founder of the Mariners' Museum with Archer Huntington. He served until July 31, 1946, after World War II had ended on both
912-493: A gun tompion is in the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich . Her design so thoroughly eclipsed earlier types that subsequent battleships of all nations were generically known as " dreadnoughts " and older battleships as " pre-dreadnoughts ". Her very short construction time was intended to demonstrate that Britain could build an unassailable lead in the new type of battleships. Her construction sparked
1026-579: A main battery of a dozen 12-inch guns in eight turrets, 12 inches of belt armour , and a speed of 24 knots (44 km/h ; 28 mph ). The Royal Navy (RN), the Imperial Japanese Navy and the United States Navy all recognised these issues before 1905. The RN modified the design of the Lord Nelson -class battleship to include a secondary armament of 9.2 in (234 mm) guns that could fight at longer ranges than
1140-576: A maximum range of 16,450 yd (15,040 m) with armour-piercing (AP) 2 crh shells. Using the more aerodynamic, but slightly heavier, 4 crh AP shells extended the range to 18,850 yd (17,240 m). The rate of fire of these guns was about two rounds per minute. The ships carried 80 rounds per gun. The secondary armament initially consisted of twenty-seven 50-calibre, quick-firing (QF) 3 in (76 mm) 12-pounder 18 cwt Mark I guns . The guns had an elevation range between −10° and +20°. They fired 12.5 lb (5.7 kg) projectiles at
1254-455: A maximum speed of 21 knots; the ship reached 21.6 knots (40.0 km/h; 24.9 mph) from 27,018 shp (20,147 kW) during her sea trials on 9 October 1906. Dreadnought carried 2,868 long tons (2,914 t) of coal, and an additional 1,120 long tons (1,140 t) of fuel oil that was to be sprayed on the coal to increase its burn rate. At full capacity, she could steam for 6,620 nautical miles (12,260 km; 7,620 mi) at
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#17327876713961368-446: A more sober event occurred. Post-launch fitting out of the ship was done at No.15 Dock. Sources differ on the cost of the ship's construction: £1,785,683, £1,783,883, and £1,672,483. On 1 October 1906, steam was raised and she went to sea on 3 October 1906 for two days of trials at Devonport, only a year and a day after construction started. On the 9th she undertook her eight-hour-long full-power contractor trials off Polperro on
1482-473: A muzzle velocity of 2,660 ft/s (810 m/s). The guns had a rate of fire of 20 rounds per minute. The ship carried three hundred rounds for each gun. The original plan was to dismount the eight guns on the forecastle and quarterdeck and stow them on chocks on the deck during daylight to prevent them from being damaged by muzzle blast from the main guns. Gun trials in December 1906 proved that this
1596-461: A naval arms race, and soon all major fleets were adding Dreadnought -like ships. In 1960, Britain's first nuclear submarine was named HMS Dreadnought (S101) . The name will be used again for the lead ship of the new class of Trident missile submarines . The modern acoustic guitar developed with a wide, deep body was named the Dreadnought shape after this ship. In 2014,
1710-498: A new company on 31 March 2011, Huntington Ingalls Industries comprised Northrop Grumman ’s shipbuilding businesses in Newport News, Virginia, Pascagoula, Mississippi, and Avondale, Louisiana; Avondale was closed in 2014. Since its creation, HII has built and expanded its professional and government services through the acquisitions of UniversalPegasus International , the S.M. Stoller Corporation, Camber Corporation , Novonics,
1824-590: A number of other issues, including the number of shafts (up to six were considered), the size of the anti-torpedo boat armament, and most importantly, to add longitudinal bulkheads to protect the magazines and shell rooms from underwater explosions. This was deemed necessary after the Russian battleship Tsesarevich was thought to have survived a Japanese torpedo hit during the Russo–Japanese War by virtue of her heavy internal bulkhead . To avoid increasing
1938-413: A rate of 29 rounds per minute. They had a maximum effective ceiling of 23,500 ft (7,200 m). Dreadnought carried five 18-inch (450 mm) submerged torpedo tubes , two on each broadside and one in the stern . Twenty-three torpedoes were carried for them. In addition six 14 in (356 mm) torpedoes were carried for her steam picket boats . Dreadnought was one of the first vessels of
2052-442: A second bid to purchase the company after a failed bid in 1999. Such a merger would have eliminated competition for the production of Virginia -class submarines , which have only been made by Newport News and GD subsidiary Electric Boat . Northrop Grumman matched GD with a similar bid, and following a Department of Justice anti-trust lawsuit to block GD's bid, GD called off their bid. Now as the sole bidder, Northrop Grumman purchased
2166-544: A speed no less than 21 knots. In January 1905, he convened a "Committee on Designs", including many members of his informal group, to evaluate the various design proposals and to assist in the detailed design process. While nominally independent it served to deflect criticism of Fisher and the Board of Admiralty as it had no ability to consider options other than those already decided upon by the Admiralty. Fisher appointed all of
2280-487: A speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Dreadnought ' s main armament consisted of ten 45- calibre BL 12-inch Mark X guns in five twin Mark BVIII gun turrets . The forward turret ('A') and two aft turrets ('X' and 'Y') were located along the centreline of the ship. Two wing turrets ('P' and 'Q') were located port and starboard of the forward superstructure respectively. Dreadnought could deliver
2394-432: A speed of 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph). He convened a Committee on Designs to evaluate the alternative designs and to assist in the detailed design work. Dreadnought was the first battleship of her era to have a uniform main battery , rather than having a few large guns complemented by a heavy secondary armament of smaller guns. She was also the first capital ship to be powered by steam turbines , making her
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#17327876713962508-429: A variety of applications. In August 2023, HII's Mission Technologies division received its largest contract win through the $ 1.4 billion Joint Network Engineering and Emerging Operations (J-NEEO) task order. HII's Mission Technologies also celebrated other several large contract wins: In April 2024, Mission Technologies was awarded a contract by the U.S. Navy to analyse, research and develop enhanced capabilities for
2622-639: A warship that had both the speed of 21 knots and 12-inch guns, pointing out that at the Battle of Tsushima, the Japanese ships commanded by Admiral Togo had been able to " cross the T " of the Russian ships due to speed. The long-range (14,000-yard (13,000 m)) engagement during the Battle of the Yellow Sea, in particular, although never experienced by any navy prior to the battle, seemed to confirm what
2736-463: Is headquartered in McLean with more than 100 facilities across the globe. Andy Green serves as president of HII's Mission Technologies and executive vice president of HII, which he joined in 2011 as corporate vice president of investor relations, where he was responsible for the company’s relationships with Wall Street analysts and shareholders. HII operates facilities in several key locations across
2850-624: Is the 20th person and the first woman to serve as president of the Newport News shipyard, which has approximately $ 5.8 billion in annual revenues. Mission Technologies was founded in 2016 as HII’s third division. Mission Technologies develops integrated solutions that enable today’s connected, all-domain force. Capabilities include C5ISR systems and operations; the application of AI and machine learning to battlefield decisions; defensive and offensive cyberspace strategies and EW; unmanned autonomous systems; LVC solutions; fleet modernization; and critical nuclear operations. HII’s Mission Technologies division
2964-747: Is the largest military shipbuilding company in the United States as well as a provider of professional services to partners in government and industry. HII, ranked No. 375 on the Fortune 500 , was formed on 31 March 2011, as a divestiture from Northrop Grumman . HII comprises three divisions: Newport News Shipbuilding in Virginia, Ingalls Shipbuilding in Mississippi, and Mission Technologies. In April 2022, Huntington Ingalls Industries changed its branding name to HII. When it spun off as
3078-483: Is the nation’s sole designer, builder and refueler of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and one of only two shipyards capable of designing and building nuclear-powered submarines. The division's legacy of “Always Good Ships,” includes the design, construction, overhaul and repair of more than 800 ships for the U.S. Navy and commercial customers. Jennifer Boykin is president of Newport News Shipbuilding and executive vice president of HII. Named to this position in 2017, she
3192-482: Is the only shipyard to perform refueling and complex overhaul (RCOH) work on aircraft carriers. This massive undertaking was described in a 2002 Rand Study as one of the most challenging engineering and industrial tasks undertaken anywhere by any organization. The multi-year project is performed only once during a carrier’s 50-year life and includes refueling of the ship’s two nuclear reactors, as well as significant repair, upgrade and modernization work. We have completed
3306-742: The Dreadnought hoax . Cole had picked Dreadnought because she was at that time the most prominent and visible symbol of Britain's naval might. She was replaced as flagship of the Home Fleet by Neptune in March 1911 and was assigned to the 1st Division of the Home Fleet. She participated in King George V 's Coronation Fleet Review in June 1911. Dreadnought became flagship of the 4th Battle Squadron in December 1912 after her transfer from
3420-541: The Lord Nelson -class ships which preceded her is not borne out as the guns and turrets were not ordered until July 1905. It seems more likely that Dreadnought ' s turrets and guns merely received higher priority than those of the earlier ships. Dreadnought sailed for the Mediterranean Sea for extensive trials in December 1906 calling in at Arosa Bay, Gibraltar and Golfo d'Aranci before crossing
3534-484: The Mallory Steamship Company ; as MV Doulos she was until 2009 the world's oldest active ocean-faring passenger ship . In the early years, leaders of the Newport News community and those of the shipyard were virtually interchangeable. Shipyard president Walter A. Post served from March 9, 1911, to February 12, 1912, when he died. Earlier, he had come to the area as one of the builders of
Newport News Shipbuilding - Misplaced Pages Continue
3648-654: The Virginia -class, Newport News Shipbuilding designed the Los Angeles -class submarines and constructed 29 of the 62 boats built. USS America (LHA 6) was delivered in April 2014 and commissioned 11 October 2014. It is first in the new class of amphibious assault ships for the U.S. Navy, replacing USS Tarawa (LHA 1). Ingalls’ next ship in the class, Tripoli (LHA 7), was delivered to the Navy on 28 February 2020. The ship
3762-466: The dreadnoughts , as well as the class of ships named after her. Likewise, the generation of ships she made obsolete became known as pre-dreadnoughts . Admiral Sir John "Jacky" Fisher , First Sea Lord of the Board of Admiralty , is credited as the father of Dreadnought . Shortly after he assumed office in 1904, he ordered design studies for a battleship armed solely with 12 in (305 mm) guns and
3876-463: The 1970s, NNS launched two of the largest tankers ever built in the western hemisphere and also constructed three liquefied natural gas carriers – at over 390,000 deadweight tons, the largest ever built in the United States. NNS and Westinghouse Electric Company jointly formed Offshore Power Systems to build floating nuclear power plants for Public Service Electric and Gas Company . In
3990-484: The 1980s, NNS produced a variety of Navy products, including Nimitz -class nuclear aircraft carriers and Los Angeles -class nuclear attack submarines. Since 1999 the shipyard has only produced warships for the Navy. In 2007, the US Navy found that workers had used the incorrect metal to fuse together pipes and joints on submarines under construction and this could have eventually led to cracking and leaks. In 2009 it
4104-638: The 1st Battle Squadron, as the 1st Division had been renamed earlier in the year. Between September and December 1913 she was training in the Mediterranean Sea. At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, she was flagship of the 4th Battle Squadron in the North Sea , based at Scapa Flow . She was relieved as flagship on 10 December by Benbow . Ironically for a vessel designed to engage enemy battleships, her only significant action
4218-414: The 6 in (152 mm) guns on older ships, but a proposal to arm them solely with 12-inch guns was rejected. The Japanese battleship Satsuma was laid down as an all-big-gun battleship, five months before Dreadnought , but gun shortages allowed her to be equipped with only four of the twelve 12-inch guns that had been planned. The Americans began design work on an all-big-gun battleship around
4332-527: The 8 inch upper belt. The turret faces and sides were protected by 11 inches of armour, while the turret roofs used 3 inches of Krupp non-cemented armour (KNC). The exposed faces of the barbettes were 11 inches thick, but the inner faces were 8 inches thick above the main deck. 'X' barbette's was 8 inches thick all around. Below the main deck, the barbettes' armour thinned to four inches except for 'A' barbette (eight inches) and 'Y' which remained 11 inches thick. The thickness of
4446-666: The Atlantic to Port of Spain , Trinidad , in January 1907, returning to Portsmouth on 23 March 1907. During this cruise, her engines and guns were given a thorough workout by Captain Reginald Bacon , Fisher's former Naval Assistant and a member of the Committee on Designs. His report stated, "No member of the Committee on Designs dared to hope that all the innovations introduced would have turned out as successfully as had been
4560-468: The C&;O Railway's terminals, and had served as the first mayor of Newport News after it became an independent city in 1896. It was on March 14, 1914, that Albert Lloyd Hopkins, a young New Yorker trained in engineering, succeeded Post as president of the company. In May 1915 while traveling to England on shipyard business aboard RMS Lusitania , Hopkins died when that ship was torpedoed and sunk by
4674-463: The Columbia Group's Engineering Solutions division, G2 Inc., Alion Science and Technology, and Fulcrum IT Services. In 2016, HII established a third division, Technical Solutions (now Mission Technologies), comprising the company's services capabilities. HII’s Mission Technologies division is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, with more than 100 facilities across the globe. HII is named for
Newport News Shipbuilding - Misplaced Pages Continue
4788-462: The Cornwall coast during which she averaged 20.05 knots and 21.6 knots on the measured mile. She returned to Portsmouth for gun and torpedo trials before she completed her final fitting out. She was commissioned into the fleet on 11 December 1906, fifteen months after she was laid down. The suggestion that her building had been sped up by using guns and/or turrets originally designed for
4902-476: The European and Pacific fronts. Just northwest of the shipyard, Hilton Village , one of the first planned communities in the country, was built by the federal government to house shipyard workers in 1918. The planners met with the wives of shipyard workers. Based on their input 14 house plans were designed for the projected 500 English-village-style homes. After the war, in 1922, Henry Huntington acquired it from
5016-573: The Mk 41 and Mk 57 vertical launching systems (VLS) onboard U.S. Navy surface ships. HII is also to equip the first Zumwalt-class destroyer (DDG 1001) with a universal electronics module for the Mk 57 vertical launch system. HMS Dreadnought (1906) HMS Dreadnought was a Royal Navy battleship , the design of which revolutionised naval power. The ship's entry into service in 1906 represented such an advance in naval technology that her name came to be associated with an entire generation of battleships,
5130-509: The Navy’s plan to replace the aging Ohio -class. The new submarines will make up one leg of the U.S. strategic nuclear deterrent triad. The 561-foot-long submarines will include a new life-of-ship reactor, an electric drive propulsion system and field 16 Trident II D5 ballistic missiles. Building on the success of the Virginia -class submarine program, NNS is participating in the construction of 12 Columbia -class submarines with Electric Boat as
5244-451: The Navy’s requirements in a post-Cold War era, Virginia -class submarines use advanced technologies to increase firepower, maneuverability and stealth. The submarines are capable of submerged speeds of more than 25 knots and can stay submerged for up to three months at a time. Under an innovative agreement, Newport News Shipbuilding is producing these submarines as part of a teaming agreement with General Dynamics Electric Boat . Prior to
5358-478: The RN already believed. Admiral Fisher proposed several designs for battleships with a uniform armament in the early 1900s, and he gathered an unofficial group of advisors to assist him in deciding on the ideal characteristics in early 1904. After he was appointed First Sea Lord on 20 October 1904, he pushed through the Board of Admiralty a decision to arm the next battleship with 12 inch guns and that it would have
5472-583: The Reserve. Dreadnought was put up for sale on 31 March 1920 and sold for scrap to Thos. W. Ward on 9 May 1921 as one of the 113 ships that the firm purchased at a flat rate of £2. 10/- per ton, later reduced to £2. 4/- per ton. As Dreadnought was assessed at 16,650 tons, she cost the shipbreaker £36,630 though another source states £44,750. She was broken up at Ward's new premises at Inverkeithing , Scotland, upon arrival on 2 January 1923. Very few artifacts from Dreadnought have survived, although
5586-469: The Royal Navy to be fitted with instruments for electrically transmitting range, order and deflection information to the turrets. The control positions for the main armament were located in the spotting top at the head of the foremast and on a platform on the roof of the signal tower. Data from a 9 ft (2.7 m) Barr and Stroud FQ-2 rangefinder located at each control position was input into
5700-401: The Royal Navy's Home Fleet . In 1910, she attracted the attention of notorious hoaxer Horace de Vere Cole , who persuaded the Royal Navy to arrange for a party of Abyssinian royals to be given a tour of a ship. In reality, the "Abyssinian royals" were some of Cole's friends in blackface and disguise, including a young Virginia Woolf and her Bloomsbury Group friends; it became known as
5814-457: The Seppelt family) by King Edward VII on 10 February 1906, after only four months on the ways. The bottle required multiple blows to shatter on a bow that later became famous. Signifying the ship's importance the launch had been planned to be a large elaborate festive event. But the court was still in mourning for Queen Alexandra's father who had died 12 days before, so she did not attend and
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#17327876713965928-506: The U. S. Navy fleet. Also known as “Large Deck amphibious ships,” they are the centerpieces of amphibious ready groups and a U.S. Marine Corps Air-Ground Task Force. HII's Ingalls Shipbuilding has delivered two America-class amphibious assault ships to the U.S. Navy: America (LHA 6) in April 2014, and Tripoli (LHA 7) in February 2020. HII's Ingalls Shipbulding provides the U.S. Coast Guard with Legend-class National Security Cutters ,
6042-520: The U.S. Navy and the U.S. Coast Guard. The largest supplier of U.S. Navy surface combatants, Ingalls is simultaneously building four classes of ships. Kari Wilkinson is executive vice president of HII and president of Ingalls Shipbuilding. Named to this position in April 2021, she is responsible for all programs and operations at Ingalls, including the U.S. Navy’s amphibious assault and surface combatant ship programs. Founded in 1886, HII's Newport News Shipbuilding, headquartered in Newport News, Virginia,
6156-511: The U.S. Navy with a highly flexible and survivable platform to meet the operational needs of the 21st century with increased power and reduced manning. The company is to build ten Gerald R. Ford -class aircraft carriers for the U.S. Navy and is scheduled to deliver one carrier every five years starting in 2015. In 2019, the U.S. Navy awarded HII a $ 15.2 billion block contract for the detail design and construction of Enterprise (CVN-80) and Doris Miller (CVN-81). HII's Newport News Shipbuilding
6270-508: The U.S. Navy, with four more under construction. Paul Ignatius (DDG-117), is scheduled for commissioning on 27 July in Fort Lauderdale, Florida . HII builds LPD 17 San Antonio and LHA America classes of amphibious warships. Designed and built for survivability and flexibility, U.S. Navy amphibious warships are unique combat warships that make possible complex joint U.S. military operations to respond swiftly to crisis anywhere in
6384-513: The US: In 2023, HII received $ 5.4 billion in new contract awards, resulting in a backlog of approximately $ 49 billion. As the nation’s sole designer, builder of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, HII is currently designing and building the next-generation of aircraft carriers – the Gerald R. Ford class , the first new design for an aircraft carrier in decades – that use new technologies to provide
6498-437: The United States, although she was a modest size compared with the biggest European liners of her era. NNS launched California ' s sister ships Virginia in 1928 and Pennsylvania in 1929. NNS followed them by launching two even larger turbo-electric liners for Dollar Steamship Company : the 21,936 GRT SS President Hoover in 1930, followed by her sister President Coolidge in 1931. SS America
6612-405: The armoured citadel at middle deck level. An 8-inch belt sat above the main belt, but only ran as high as the main deck. One major problem with Dreadnought ' s armour scheme was that the top of the 11 inch belt was only 2 ft (0.6 m) above the waterline at normal load and it was submerged by over 12 inches at deep load, which meant that the waterline was then protected only by
6726-408: The case." During this time she averaged 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) between Gibraltar and Trinidad and 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) from Trinidad to Portsmouth, an unprecedented high-speed performance. This shakedown cruise revealed several issues that were dealt with in subsequent refits, notably the replacement of her steering engines and the addition of cooling machinery to reduce
6840-687: The city of Newport News , Virginia , its facilities span more than 550 acres (2.2 km). The shipyard is a major employer, not only for the lower Virginia Peninsula , but also portions of Hampton Roads south of the James River and the harbor, portions of the Middle Peninsula region, and even some northeastern counties of North Carolina . The shipyard is building two Gerald R. Ford -class aircraft carriers : USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79) , and USS Enterprise (CVN-80) . In 2013, Newport News Shipbuilding began
6954-687: The company for $ 2.6 billion and renamed it "Northrop Grumman Newport News". This division was merged with Northrop Grumman Ship Systems in 2008 and given the name " Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding ". Three years later, the company was spun off as Huntington Ingalls Industries , Inc., which trades under the symbol HII on the New York Stock Exchange . Other ships built at the Newport News yard include: 36°59′31″N 76°26′42″W / 36.99208°N 76.44507°W / 36.99208; -76.44507 Huntington Ingalls Industries Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. ( HII )
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#17327876713967068-635: The deactivation of the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, USS Enterprise (CVN-65) , which it also built. Newport News Shipbuilding also performs refueling and complex overhaul (RCOH) work on Nimitz -class aircraft carriers . This is a four-year vessel renewal program that not only involves refueling of the vessel's nuclear reactors but also includes modernization work. The yard has completed RCOH for five Nimitz -class carriers ( USS Nimitz , USS Dwight D. Eisenhower , USS Carl Vinson , USS Theodore Roosevelt and USS Abraham Lincoln ). As of November 2017 this work
7182-486: The displacement of the ship, the thickness of her waterline belt was reduced by 1 in (25 mm). The Committee reported their findings in March 1905. It was decided due to the experimental nature of the design to delay placing orders for any other ships until Dreadnought and her trials had been completed. Once the design had been finalised the hull form was designed and tested at the Admiralty's experimental ship tank at Gosport. Seven iterations were required before
7296-413: The earlier ships. She had a metacentric height of 5.6 ft (1.7 m) at deep load and a complete double bottom . Officers were customarily housed aft, but Dreadnought reversed the old arrangement, so that the officers were closer to their action stations. This was very unpopular with the officers, not least because they were now berthed near the noisy auxiliary machinery while the turbines made
7410-420: The equipment powered by 100 volt DC and 15 volt DC electrical systems were five lifts (elevators), eight coaling winches, pumps, ventilation fans, lighting and telephone systems. Dreadnought was the sixth ship of the RN to bear the name Dreadnought , which means "fear nothing". To meet Fisher's goal of building the ship in a single year, material was stockpiled in advance and a great deal of prefabrication
7524-536: The fastest battleship in the world at the time of her completion. Her launch helped spark a naval arms race as navies around the world, particularly the Imperial German Navy , rushed to match it in the build-up to the First World War . Although designed to engage enemy battleships, her only significant action was the ramming and sinking of German submarine SM U-29 ; thus she became
7638-428: The final hull form was selected. Once the design was finalized, a team of three assistant constructors and 13 draughtsmen produced detailed drawings. To assist in speeding up the ship's construction, the internal hull structure was simplified as much as possible and an attempt was made to standardize on a limited number of standard plates, which varied only in their thickness. Dreadnought was significantly larger than
7752-425: The first of the bulkheads and most of the middle-deck beams were in place. By Day 20, the forward part of the bow was in position and the hull plating was well underway. By Day 55 all of the upper-deck beams were in place, and by Day 83 the upper deck plates were in position. By Day 125 (4 February), the hull was finished. Dreadnought was christened with a bottle of Irvine's Sparkling Australian wine (later sold to
7866-489: The flagships of the Coast Guard's cutter fleet. They are designed to replace the 378-foot Hamilton -class high-endurance cutters , which entered service during the 1960s. The National Security Cutter is the first new design for the service in 20 years. The current Program of Record is for 11 ships, of which the first nine have been successfully delivered to the U.S. Coast Guard . Ingalls' ninth NSC, Stone (WMSL 758),
7980-592: The founders of its shipbuilding divisions: Collis Potter Huntington , who founded Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company , and Robert Ingersoll Ingalls Sr. , who established Ingalls Shipbuilding . On October 10, 2024, the People's Republic of China announced sanctions on three U.S. military-industrial companies and 10 Americans, including Huntington Ingalls Industries and its president and CEO Christopher D. Kastner, for participating in arms sales to Taiwan. Also among them. In 1938, Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation
8094-399: The government, and helped facilitate the sale of the homes to shipyard employees and other local residents. Three streets there were named after Post, Hopkins, and Ferguson. The Lusitania incident was among the events that brought the United States into World War I. Between 1918 and 1920 NNS delivered 25 destroyers , and after the war it began building aircraft carriers . USS Ranger
8208-451: The gunnery officer in predicting the movement of the target. The turrets, Transmitting Stations, and control positions could be connected in almost any combination. Firing trials against Hero in 1907 revealed this system's vulnerability to gunfire, as its spotting top was hit twice and a large splinter severed the voice pipe and all wiring running along the mast. To guard against this possibility, Dreadnought ' s fire-control system
8322-456: The inactivation of Enterprise (CVN 65), which began in 2013. The NNS-built Enterprise was the world’s first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and the only ship of its class. HII's Newport News Shipbuilding is a major shipbuilding partner in the Columbia -class program, constructing and delivering six module sections per submarine under contract to General Dynamics Electric Boat to support
8436-511: The late 1890s and the early 1900s, led in the United Kingdom by Percy Scott and in the United States by William Sims , were already pushing expected battle ranges out to an unprecedented 6,000 yd (5,500 m), a distance great enough to force gunners to wait for the shells to arrive before applying corrections for the next salvo . A related problem was that the shell splashes from the more numerous smaller weapons tended to obscure
8550-442: The main deck ranged from 0.75 to 1 in (19 to 25 mm). The middle deck was 1.75 in (44 mm) thick on the flat and 2.75 inches (70 mm) where it sloped down to meet the bottom edge of the main belt. Over the magazine for 'A' and 'Y' turrets it was 3 inches thick, on slope and flat both. The lower deck armour was 1.5 inches (38 mm) forward and 2 inches aft where it increased to 3 inches to protect
8664-461: The members of the committee and he was President of the Committee. The committee decided on the layout of the main armament, rejecting any superfiring arrangements because of concerns about the effects of muzzle blast on the open sighting hoods on the turret roof below, and chose turbine propulsion over reciprocating engines to save 1,100 long tons (1,100 t) in total displacement on 18 January 1905. Before disbanding on 22 February, it decided on
8778-693: The only battleship confirmed to have sunk a submarine. Dreadnought did not participate in the Battle of Jutland in 1916 as she was being refitted, nor did she participate in any of the other naval battles in World War I. In July 1916 she was relegated to coastal defence duties in the English Channel , before rejoining the Grand Fleet in 1918. The ship was reduced to reserve in 1919 and sold for scrap two years later. Gunnery developments in
8892-456: The original positions on the starboard side of the quarterdeck. A year later, the two guns at the rear of the superstructure were removed, reducing the ship to twenty-two guns. Two of the quarterdeck guns were given high-angle mounts for anti-aircraft duties and the two guns abreast the conning tower were removed in 1917. A pair of QF six-pounder (2.2 in (57 mm)) Hotchkiss anti-aircraft guns on high-angle mountings were mounted on
9006-517: The positive experiences of several small passenger ships with turbines, Dreadnought was ordered with turbines. The Battle of the Yellow Sea and Battle of Tsushima were analysed by Fisher's Committee, with Captain William Pakenham 's statement that "12-inch gunfire" by both sides demonstrated hitting power and accuracy, whilst 10-inch shells passed unnoticed. Admiral Fisher wanted his board to confirm, refine and implement his ideas of
9120-407: The post-war years NNS built the passenger liner SS United States , which set a transatlantic speed record that still stands today. In 1954 NNS, Westinghouse and the US Navy developed and built a prototype nuclear reactor for a carrier propulsion system. NNS designed USS Enterprise in 1960. In 1959 NNS launched its first nuclear-powered submarine , USS Robert E. Lee . In
9234-863: The previously isolated coalfields, adjacent to the New River and the Kanawha River in West Virginia . In 1881, the Peninsula Extension of the C&O was built from Richmond down the Virginia Peninsula to reach a new coal pier on Hampton Roads in Warwick County near the small unincorporated community of Newport News Point . However, building the railroad and coal pier was only the first part of Huntington's dreams for Newport News. In 1886, Huntington built
9348-447: The prime contractor. Newport News Shipbuilding is manufacturing major Columbia -class assemblies and modules, including the bow, stern, auxiliary machinery room, superstructure and weapons modules. HII's Newport News Shipbuilding is one of only two U.S. shipyards capable of designing and building nuclear-powered submarines. Currently, NNS is building the most advanced attack submarines in the world—the Virginia class. Designed to meet
9462-453: The quarterdeck in 1915. They had a maximum depression of −8° and a maximum elevation of +60°. The 6 lb (2.7 kg) shell was fired at a muzzle velocity of 1,765 ft/s (538 m/s). They were replaced by a pair of QF 3-inch 20 cwt guns on high-angle Mark II mounts in 1916. These guns had a maximum depression of 10° and a maximum elevation of 90°. They fired a 12.5-pound shell at a muzzle velocity of 2,517 ft/s (767 m/s) at
9576-403: The rear of 'A' barbette to the centre of 'Y' barbette. Oddly, it was reduced to 9 in (229 mm) abreast 'A' barbette. A 6 in (152 mm) extension ran from 'A' barbette forward to the bow and a similar 4 inch extension ran aft to the stern. An 8 in (203 mm) bulkhead was angled obliquely inwards from the end of the main belt to the side of 'X' barbette to fully enclose
9690-546: The rear of the ship much quieter than they had been in earlier steamships. This arrangement lasted among the British dreadnoughts until the King George V class of 1910. The crew numbered 700 officers and ratings in 1907, but increased to 810 in 1916. Vickers, Sons & Maxim was the prime contractor for the ship's machinery, but as they had no large turbine experience, they sourced them from Parsons . Dreadnought
9804-575: The refueling and complex overhaul of the first six ships of the Nimitz-class, USS Nimitz (CVN 68), USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69), USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70), USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71), USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) and USS George Washington (CVN 73). As of 2024, HII is performing this work on the seventh ship in the class, USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74). Newport News Shipbuilding also offers inactivation services for nuclear-powered aircraft carriers. In 2018, NNS successfully completed
9918-647: The revolutionary HMS Dreadnought launched a great naval race worldwide. Between 1907 and 1923, Newport News built six of the US Navy 's total of 22 dreadnoughts – USS Delaware , Texas , Pennsylvania , Mississippi , Maryland and West Virginia . All but the first were in active service in World War II . In 1907 President Theodore Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet on its round-the-world voyage. NNS had built seven of its 16 battleships . In 1914 NNS built SS Medina for
10032-641: The same time in 1904, but progress was leisurely and the two South Carolina -class battleships were not ordered until March 1906, five months after Dreadnought was laid down, and the month after she was launched. The invention by Charles Algernon Parsons of the steam turbine in 1884 led to a significant increase in the speed of ships with his dramatic unauthorised demonstration of his yacht Turbinia with her speed of up to 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph) at Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee at Spithead in 1897. After further trials of two turbine-powered destroyers , Viper and Cobra , coupled with
10146-704: The smaller guns' faster rate of fire would become preeminent. Keeping the range open generally negated the threat from torpedoes and further reinforced the need for heavy guns of a uniform calibre. In 1903, the Italian naval architect Vittorio Cuniberti first wrote about the concept of an all-big-gun battleship. When the Italian Navy did not pursue his ideas, Cuniberti wrote an article in Jane's Fighting Ships advocating his concept. He proposed an "ideal" future British battleship of 17,000 long tons (17,000 t), with
10260-451: The splashes from the bigger guns. Either the smaller- calibre guns would have to hold their fire to wait for the slower-firing heavies, losing the advantage of their faster rate of fire, or it would be uncertain whether a splash was due to a heavy or a light gun, making ranging and aiming unreliable. Another problem was that longer-range torpedoes were expected soon to be in service and these would discourage ships from closing to ranges where
10374-619: The steering gear. The sides of the conning tower were 11 inches thick and it had a 3-inch roof of KNC. It had a communications tube with 8 inch walls of mild steel down to the Transmitting Station on the middle deck. The walls of the signal tower were 8 inches thick while it had a roof of 3 inches of KNC armour. 2 inch torpedo bulkheads were fitted abreast the magazines and shell rooms of 'A', 'X' and 'Y' turrets, but this increased to 4 inches abreast 'P' and 'Q' turrets to compensate for their outboard location. In common with all major warships of her day, Dreadnought
10488-486: The submarine. Dreadnought thus became the only battleship ever to purposefully sink an enemy submarine. She was refitting at Portsmouth from 18 April to 22 June 1916 and missed the Battle of Jutland on 31 May, the most significant fleet engagement of the war. Dreadnought became flagship of the 3rd Battle Squadron on 9 July, based at Sheerness on the Thames , part of a force of pre-dreadnoughts intended to counter
10602-399: The temperature levels in her magazines ( cordite degrades more quickly at high temperatures). The most important issue, which was never addressed in her lifetime, was that the placement of her foremast behind the forward funnel put the spotting top right in the plume of hot exhaust gases, much to the detriment of her fighting ability. From 1907 to 1911, Dreadnought served as flagship of
10716-406: The threat of shore bombardment by German battlecruisers. During this time, she fired her AA guns at German aircraft that passed over her headed for London. She returned to the Grand Fleet in March 1918, resuming her role as flagship of the 4th Battle Squadron, but was paid off on 7 August 1918 at Rosyth . She was recommissioned on 25 February 1919 as the tender Hercules to act as a parent ship for
10830-499: The turret roof and a Mark I Dreyer Fire Control Table was installed in the main Transmitting Station. It combined the functions of the Dumaresq and the range clock. Fire-control technology advanced quickly during the years immediately preceding the First World War, and the most important development was the director firing system. This consisted of a fire-control director mounted high in the ship which electrically provided data to
10944-473: The turrets via pointers, which the turret crew were to follow. The director layer fired the guns simultaneously which aided in spotting the shell splashes and minimised the effects of the roll on the dispersion of the shells. A prototype was fitted in Dreadnought in 1909, but it was removed to avoid conflict with her duties as flagship of the Home Fleet. Preparations to install a production director were made during her May–June 1915 refit and every turret received
11058-426: The two ships of the Lord Nelson class, which were under construction at the same time. She had an overall length of 527 ft (160.6 m), a beam of 82 ft 1 in (25 m), and a draught of 29 ft 7.5 in (9 m) at deep load. She displaced 18,120 long tons (18,410 t ) at normal load and 20,730 long tons (21,060 t) at deep load, almost 3,000 long tons (3,000 t) more than
11172-599: The war. It founded the North Carolina Shipbuilding Company , an emergency yard on the banks of the Cape Fear River and launched its first Liberty ship before the end of 1941, building 243 ships in all, including 186 Libertys. For its contributions during the war, the Navy awarded the company its "E" pennant for excellence in shipbuilding. NNS ranked 23rd among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. In
11286-418: The world, from deterrence and major combat operations to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. HII's Ingalls Shipbuilding is building the entire San Antonio class of ships, the newest addition to the Navy's 21st century amphibious assault force. LPDs 17 to 28 have been delivered to the U.S. Navy. The latest, USS Fort Lauderdale (LPD 28), was delivered in March 2022. In March 2023, Ingalls received
11400-565: Was christened on 16 September 2017. On 16 June 2017, Ingalls Shipbuilding was awarded $ 3.1 billion contract to build Bougainville (LHA 8). Construction started on LHA 8 on 15 October 2018, and the ship's keel was laid on 13 March 2019. On 27 September 2018, Ingalls Shipbuilding won a $ 5.1 billion multi-year contract to build an additional six DDG-51s. These destroyers are equipped with the Navy's Aegis Combat System. The first Flight III ship, Jack. H. Lucas (DDG-125), started fabrication on 7 May 2018. Ingalls has built and delivered 31 ships to
11514-407: Was comprehensively upgraded during her refits in 1912–13. The rangefinder in the foretop was given a gyro-stabilized Argo mount and 'A' and 'Y' turrets were upgraded to serve as secondary control positions for any portion or all of the main armament. An additional 9-foot rangefinder was installed on the compass platform . In addition, 'A' turret was fitted with another 9-foot rangefinder at the rear of
11628-707: Was delivered in 1934, and NNS went on to build Yorktown and Enterprise . After World War I NNS completed a major reconditioning and refurbishment of the ocean liner SS Leviathan . Before the war she had been the German liner Vaterland , but the start of hostilities found her laid up in New York Harbor and she had been seized by the US Government in 1917 and converted into a troopship . War duty and age meant that all wiring, plumbing, and interior layouts were stripped and redesigned while her hull
11742-753: Was delivered in November 2020. In December 2018, Ingalls received two contracts from the U.S. Coast Guard to build a 10th and 11th NSC. The contracts are valued at $ 468.75 million and $ 462.13 million, respectively. HII creates advanced unmanned solutions for defense, marine research and commercial applications. Serving customers in more than 30 countries, HII provides design, autonomy, manufacturing, testing, operations and sustainment of unmanned systems, including unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) and unmanned surface vessels (USVs). The company's REMUS UUVs - world-leading, untethered, autonomous marine robots - carry advanced sensors and payloads to collect valuable data for
11856-411: Was done from May 1905 with about 6,000 man weeks of work expended before she was formally laid down on 2 October 1905. She was built at HM Dockyard, Portsmouth , which was regarded as the fastest-building shipyard in the world. No. 5 Slip was screened from prying eyes; attempts were made to indicate that the design was no different to other battleships. Some 1,100 men were already employed by the time she
11970-400: Was fitted with anti-torpedo nets , but these were removed early in the war, since they caused considerable loss of speed and were easily defeated by torpedoes fitted with net-cutters . Electrical power was provided by three 100 kW, 100 V DC Siemens generators, powered by two Brotherhood steam and two Mirrlees diesel engines (which later changed to three steam and one diesel). Among
12084-458: Was found that bolts and fasteners in weapons-handling systems on four Navy submarines, New Mexico , North Carolina , Missouri , and California , were installed incorrectly, delaying the launching of the boats while the problems were corrected. In 1968, Newport News merged with Tenneco Corporation . In 1996, Tenneco initiated a spinoff of Newport News into an independent company (Newport News Shipbuilding). In 2001, General Dynamics made
12198-621: Was founded by Robert Ingersoll Ingalls Sr. (1882–1951), on the East Bank of the Pascagoula River in Mississippi. It started out building commercial ships until the 1950s, when Ingalls started bidding on Navy work. Employing more than 11,000 employees, HII's Ingalls Shipbuilding is the largest manufacturing employer in Mississippi and a major contributor to the economic growth of Alabama. For 85 years, Ingalls has designed, built and maintained amphibious ships, destroyers, and cutters for
12312-438: Was laid down, but soon this number rose to 3,000. Whereas on previous ships the men had worked a 48-hour week, they were required on Dreadnought to work a 69-hour, six-day week from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m., which included compulsory overtime with only a 30-minute lunch break. While double-shifting was considered to ease the long hours which were unpopular with the men, this was not possible due to labour shortages. On Day 6 (7 October),
12426-451: Was launched in 1939 and entered service with United States lines shortly before World War II but soon returned to the shipyard for conversion to a troopship, USS West Point . By 1940 the Navy had ordered a battleship, seven more aircraft carriers and four cruisers . During World War II , NNS built ships as part of the U.S. government's Emergency Shipbuilding Program , and swiftly filled requests for " Liberty ships " that were needed during
12540-432: Was more difficult than expected and the two port guns from the forecastle and the outer starboard gun from the quarterdeck were transferred to turret roofs, giving each turret two guns. The remaining forecastle guns and the outer port gun from the quarterdeck were removed by the end of 1907, which reduced the total to twenty-four guns. During her April–May 1915 refit, the two guns from the roof of 'A' turret were reinstalled in
12654-411: Was strengthened and her boilers converted from coal to oil while being refurbished. Virtually a new ship emerged from NNS in 1923, and SS Leviathan became the flagship of United States Lines . In 1927 NNS launched the world's first significant turbo-electric ocean liner: Panama Pacific Line 's 17,833 GRT SS California . At the time she was also the largest merchant ship yet built in
12768-484: Was the first battleship to use turbines in place of the older reciprocating triple-expansion steam engines . She had two paired sets of direct-drive turbines, each of which drove two 8-foot-10-inch (2.7 m) diameter, three-bladed propellers using steam provided by 18 Babcock & Wilcox boilers that had a working pressure of 250 psi (1,724 kPa ; 18 kgf/cm ). The turbines, rated at 23,000 shaft horsepower (17,000 kW ), were intended to give
12882-468: Was the ramming and sinking of German submarine SM U-29 , skippered by K/Lt Otto Weddigen (of SM U-9 fame), in the Pentland Firth on 18 March 1915. U-29 had broken the surface immediately ahead of Dreadnought after firing a torpedo at Neptune , and Dreadnought cut the submarine in two after a short chase. She almost collided with Temeraire who was also attempting to ram
12996-544: Was underway for the sixth Nimitz -class vessel, USS George Washington . Industrialist Collis P. Huntington (1821–1900) provided crucial funding to complete the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (C&O) from Richmond, Virginia , to the Ohio River in the early 1870s. Although originally built for general commerce, this C&O rail link to the midwest was soon also being used to transport bituminous coal from
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