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78-805: Juran was born to a Jewish family in Gura Humorului , Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Romania). In 1912, he emigrated to America with his family, settling in Minneapolis . He earned a bachelor's degree in Architecture from the University of Minnesota . He also spent a summer studying at the École des Beaux-Arts before earning a master's degree in Architecture from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . He passed

156-508: A $ 500 (equivalent to $ 6,000 in 2023) bit part in Texas, Brooklyn & Heaven (1948) for Murphy. He had been dating actress Wanda Hendrix since 1946. Her talent agent got him a bit part in the Alan Ladd film Beyond Glory directed by John Farrow . His 1949 film Bad Boy gave him his first leading role. The film's financial backers refused to bankroll the project unless Murphy

234-518: A 50 percent disability classification on 21 September and transferred to the Officers' Reserve Corps. After his military service, Murphy was plagued with insomnia and bouts of depression, and he slept with a loaded pistol under his pillow. A post-service medical examination on 17 June 1947 revealed symptoms of headaches, vomiting, and nightmares about the war. His medical records indicated that he took sleeping pills to help prevent nightmares. During

312-576: A Christian orphanage in Quinlan . After the war, he bought a house in Farmersville for his eldest sister Corinne and her husband, Poland Burns. His other siblings briefly shared the home. The loss of his mother stayed with Murphy throughout his life. He later stated: She died when I was sixteen. She had the most beautiful hair I've ever seen. It reached almost to the floor. She rarely talked; and always seemed to be searching for something. What it

390-462: A German sniper group. Murphy captured two before being shot in the hip by a sniper; he returned fire and shot the sniper between the eyes. At the 3rd General Hospital at Aix-en-Provence , the removal of gangrene from the wound caused partial loss of his hip muscle and kept him out of combat until January. Murphy received his first Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster for his Purple Heart for this injury. The Colmar Pocket , 850 square miles (2,200 km ) in

468-525: A TV series based on the movie. Juran returned to Hollywood to direct an independent film, Highway Dragnet (1954) based on a story by Roger Corman . After The Big Moment (1954) at Paramount he went back to Universal to do Drums Across the River (1954) with Murphy. Juran directed episodes of Fury (1954), Crossroads and My Friend Flicka on TV, and The Crooked Web (1955) for Sam Katzman at Columbia. Juran's first science fiction film

546-722: A bad example. Murphy died in a plane crash in Virginia in 1971, shortly before his 46th birthday. He was interred with military honors at Arlington National Cemetery . Murphy was born on 20 June 1925, in Kingston , a small rural community in Hunt County in northeastern Texas . He was the seventh of twelve children born to Emmett Berry Murphy (1887–1976) and his wife Josie Bell Murphy ( née Killian; 1891–1941). The Murphys were sharecroppers , of English, Irish, Scots-Irish, Scottish, and German descent. Although Murphy's birth date

624-584: A company of German soldiers for an hour at the Colmar Pocket in France in January 1945, before leading a successful counterattack while wounded. Murphy was born into a large family of sharecroppers in Hunt County, Texas . After his father abandoned them, his mother died when he was a teenager. Murphy left school in fifth grade to pick cotton and find other work to help support his family; his skill with

702-524: A creative stress outlet in writing poetry after his Army discharge. His poem "The Crosses Grow on Anzio" appeared in his book To Hell and Back , but was attributed to the fictitious character Kerrigan. To draw attention to the problems of returning Korean War and Vietnam War veterans, Murphy spoke out candidly about his own problems with post-traumatic stress disorder . It was known during Murphy's lifetime as " battle fatigue " and " shell shock ", terminology that dated back to World War I. He called on

780-870: A draft of Son of Captain Blood . Jurana did some second unit directing on MGM's Mutiny on the Bounty (1962). Schneer hired Juran to direct Siege of the Saxons (1963) and First Men in the Moon (1964) (based on the novel by H. G. Wells with effects by Harryhausen). He did an imperial adventure for Schneer, East of Sudan (1964) and directed second unit on Cyrano et d'Artagnan (1964). Juran turned to television in 1959. He directed episodes of A Man Called Shenandoah and Daniel Boone , and episodes of all four of Irwin Allen 's 1960s science fiction series Voyage to

858-612: A hired killer in No Name on the Bullet , a film that was well received by critics. Thelma Ritter was his costar in the 1960 Startime television episode "The Man". During the early 1960s, Murphy donated his time and otherwise lent his name and image for three episodes of The Big Picture television series produced by the United States Army. He received the 1960 Outstanding Civilian Service Medal for his cooperation in

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936-489: A house about 100 yards (91 m) away and appeared to surrender; when Murphy's best friend responded, they shot and killed him. Murphy advanced alone on the house under direct fire. He killed six, wounded two and took 11 prisoners. Murphy was with the 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment during the 27–28 August offensive at Montélimar that secured the area from the Germans. Along with the other soldiers who took part in

1014-618: A hunting rifle helped feed his family. After the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Murphy's older sister helped him to falsify documentation about his birthdate in order to meet the minimum age for enlisting in the military. Turned down initially for being underweight by the Army , Navy , and the Marine Corps , he eventually was able to enlist in the Army. He first saw action in the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily ; then in 1944 he participated in

1092-524: A motion picture he wrote himself, Jack the Giant Killer (1962) for producer Edward Small . He then did Flight of the Lost Balloon (1961), which was released first, an adventure heavily influenced by Jules Verne , which he co-wrote and directed. Around this time he provided the stories for, but did not direct, Doctor Blood's Coffin (1961) and Boy Who Caught a Crook (1961) and wrote

1170-688: A number of projects. Willard was a producer on Murphy's 1961 television series Whispering Smith , and co-wrote the screenplay for Battle at Bloody Beach that year. He collaborated on Bullet for a Badman in 1964 and Arizona Raiders in 1965. The Willinghams as a team wrote the screenplay for Gunpoint as well as the script for Murphy's last starring lead in the western 40 Guns to Apache Pass in 1967. Murphy made Trunk to Cairo in Israel in 1966. He first met director Budd Boetticher when Murphy requested to be his boxing partner at Terry Hunt's Athletic Club. He subsequently appeared in

1248-464: A population of about 17,000 inhabitants were living within the town limits. As of 2016, the town's population surpassed this limit by a very slim margin. According to the 2011 census data , Gura Humorului had a total population of 13,667 inhabitants: 97.03% were ethnic Romanians , 1.79% Roma , 0.52% Germans ( Bukovina Germans ) , 0.27% Poles , 0.12% Ukrainians , 0.10% Hungarians , and 0.07% Russians (including Lipovans ) . Gura Humorului

1326-417: A regular participant in horse racing. Because Murphy had what would today be described as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), then known as "battle fatigue", he slept with a loaded handgun under his pillow. He looked for solace in addictive sleeping pills. In his last few years, he was plagued by money problems but refused offers to appear in alcohol and cigarette commercials because he did not want to set

1404-679: A salary of $ 25,000 to play the lead of The Youth in The Red Badge of Courage , directed by John Huston . Murphy and Huston worked together again in the 1960 film The Unforgiven . The only film Murphy made in 1952 was The Duel at Silver Creek with director Don Siegel . Murphy worked with Siegel one more time in 1958 for The Gun Runners . In 1953, he starred in Frederick de Cordova 's Column South , and played Jim Harvey in Nathan Juran 's Tumbleweed , an adaptation of

1482-639: A scouting party along the Volturno river, he and two other soldiers were ambushed; German machine gun fire killed one soldier. Murphy and the other survivor responded by killing five Germans with hand grenades and machine gun fire. While taking part in the October Allied assault on the Volturno Line , near Mignano Monte Lungo Hill 193, he and his company repelled an attack by seven German soldiers, killing three and taking four prisoner. Murphy

1560-772: A short), and That Other Woman (1942). Juran enlisted in the Navy during the Second World War in July 1942 and was assigned to first the Office of Strategic Services and then to the Royal Air Force Intelligence Center. After the war, Juran returned to Fox, winning an Oscar nomination for his work on The Razor's Edge (1946). Juran accepted a seven-year contract to be head of the art department for Enterprise Productions . While there he

1638-540: A third of the town's population (880 people); the same year, a Beth midrash was established. A turning point in the town's history was the disastrous fire of May 11, 1899 which destroyed most of the town, more than 400 houses, including many Jewish businesses and homes. It was rebuilt with donations from American Jewish communities. The Jewish community in Gura Humorului continued to grow, reaching 1,951 members in 1927. Jewish cultural life reached its peak during

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1716-538: A week on 13 March with a second bout of malaria. Sixty-one infantry officers and enlisted men of Company B, 15th Infantry, including Murphy, were awarded the Combat Infantryman Badge on 8 May. Murphy was awarded a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster for his Bronze Star. American forces liberated Rome on 4 June, and Murphy remained bivouacked in Rome with his platoon throughout July. During the first wave of

1794-648: A week when Company B arrived in Palermo on 20 July, he rejoined them when they were assigned to a hillside location protecting a machine-gun emplacement, while the rest of the 3rd Infantry Division fought at San Fratello en route to the Allied capture of the transit port of Messina . Murphy participated in Operation Avalanche , the September 1943 mainland Salerno landing at Battipaglia . While on

1872-532: A year, he was accepted by the U.S. Army on 30 June 1942. According to his biographer David A. Smith, Murphy acknowledged his birth date was falsified at his enlistment in a 1950 interview with the Austin Statesman : "'The doctor back home couldn't remember exactly when I was born,' he said with a smile, 'so I was 18.'" After basic training at Camp Wolters , he was sent to Fort Meade for advanced infantry training. During basic training, he earned

1950-530: Is a town in Suceava County , northeastern Romania . It is situated in the historical region of Bukovina . Gura Humorului is the seventh largest urban settlement in the county, with a population of 13,278 inhabitants, according to the 2021 census . It was declared a town in 1904 and it became a resort in 2005. The town administers the former village of Voroneț (which became a neighborhood), site of Voroneț Monastery . The town's current local council has

2028-487: Is listed as 1924 in his enlistment papers, his biographer David A. Smith concluded that he was born in 1925, based on statements made by his To Hell and Back co-author David McClure, his California driver's license, and by Murphy himself. As a child, Murphy was a loner with mood swings and an explosive temper. He grew up in northeastern Texas around the towns of Farmersville , Greenville , and Celeste , where he attended elementary school. His father drifted in and out of

2106-533: Is the seventh most populated urban locality in Suceava County and the second most populated locality with the status of town (after Vicovu de Sus ). Between 1774 and 1918, Gura Humorului belonged to the Habsburg monarchy . During World War I , Bukovina became a battlefield between Austria opposing Russian and Romanian troops. Although the Russians were finally driven out in 1917, defeated Austria would cede

2184-543: The Battle of Anzio , the liberation of Rome, and the invasion of southern France . Murphy fought at Montélimar and led his men on a successful assault at L'Omet quarry near Cleurie in northeastern France in October. Despite suffering from multiple illnesses and wounds throughout his service, Murphy became one of the most praised and decorated soldiers of World War II. He is credited with killing 241 enemy soldiers. After

2262-1004: The French Legion of Honor – Grade of Chevalier , the French Croix de guerre with Silver Star, the French Croix de guerre with Palm, the French Liberation Medal and the French Fourragère in Colors of the Croix de guerre , which was authorized for all members of the 3rd Infantry Division who fought in France during World War II. Belgium awarded Murphy the Belgian Croix de guerre with 1940 Palm. Brigadier General Ralph B. Lovett and Lieutenant Colonel Hallet D. Edson recommended Murphy for

2340-645: The Marksman Badge with Rifle Component Bar and Expert Badge with Bayonet Component Bar. Murphy was shipped to Casablanca in French Morocco on 20 February 1943. He was assigned to Company B, 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment , 3rd Infantry Division , which trained under the command of Major General Lucian Truscott . After the 13 May surrender of the Axis forces in French Tunisia ,

2418-455: The Suceava – Vatra Dornei railway pass through the town. Suceava, the county capital, is located 34 kilometres (21 miles) away. The town of Frasin is located nearby Gura Humorului (only 7 km (4.3 mi) away). According to the 1775 Austrian census of Bukovina, its population comprised only about 60,000 spread over 10,422 square kilometres (4,024 sq mi). In order to encourage

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2496-586: The Vosges Mountains , had been held by German troops since November 1944. On 14 January 1945, Murphy rejoined his platoon, which had been moved to the Colmar area in December. He moved with the 3rd Division on 24 January to the town of Holtzwihr , where they faced a strong German counterattack. He was wounded in both legs, for which he received a second Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster for his Purple Heart. As

2574-547: The interwar period . The languages of choice in the town life were Yiddish , German , and Romanian . Most of the Jewish community adhered to Orthodox Judaism , and Jewish youngsters studied the Torah along with secular subjects such as geography, history, and mathematics. The community had established Jewish social and political institutions that contributed to all fields of public life. While persecutions began to increase under

2652-815: The 16 July 1945 issue of Life magazine depicting Murphy as the "most decorated soldier", he brought him to Hollywood. Cagney and his brother William signed him as a contract player for their production company and gave him training in acting, voice and dance. They never cast Murphy in a movie and a personal disagreement ended the association in 1947. Murphy later worked with acting coach Estelle Harman and honed his diction by reciting dialogue from William Shakespeare and William Saroyan . Murphy moved into Terry Hunt's Athletic Club in Hollywood where he lived until 1948. Hollywood writer David "Spec" McClure befriended Murphy, collaborating with him on Murphy's 1949 book To Hell and Back . McClure used his connections to get

2730-605: The 1951 title role of Boetticher's first western The Cimarron Kid . Boetticher wrote the script in 1969 for Murphy's last film, A Time for Dying . Two other projects that Murphy and Boetticher planned to collaborate on – A Horse for Mr Barnum and When There's Sumpthin' to Do  – never came to fruition. Murphy married actress Wanda Hendrix in 1949. Their divorce became final two years later in 1951. Four days later, he married former airline stewardess Pamela Opal Lee Archer, with whom he had two sons: Terry Michael and James Shannon. Murphy bred quarter horses at

2808-587: The 1956 western Walk the Proud Land , and the non-westerns Joe Butterfly and World in My Corner . They worked together for the last time in the 1958 western Ride a Crooked Trail . Joseph L. Mankiewicz hired Murphy to play the titular role in the 1958 film The Quiet American . Murphy formed a partnership with Harry Joe Brown to make three films, starting with The Guns of Fort Petticoat (1957). The partnership fell into disagreement over

2886-648: The 36th Infantry Division of the Texas Army National Guard. He drilled new recruits in the summer training camps, and granted the Guard permission to use his name and image in recruiting materials. Although he wanted to join the fighting and juggled training activities with his film career, the 36th Infantry Division was never sent to Korea. At his request, he transferred to inactive status on 1 October 1951 because of his film commitments with MGM Studios , and returned to active status in 1955. Murphy

2964-499: The 3rd Division to Anzio, where they remained for four months. Taking shelter from the weather in an abandoned farmhouse on 2 March, Murphy and his platoon killed the crew of a passing German tank. He then crawled out alone close enough to destroy the tank with rifle grenades, for which he received the Bronze Star with "V" device . Murphy continued to make scouting patrols to take German prisoners before being hospitalized for

3042-572: The Allied invasion of southern France , Murphy received the Distinguished Service Cross for action taken on 15 August 1944. After landing on Yellow Beach near Ramatuelle , Murphy's platoon was making its way through a vineyard when the men were attacked by German soldiers. He retrieved a machine gun that had been detached from the squad and returned fire at the German soldiers, killing two and wounding one. Two Germans exited

3120-848: The Audie Murphy Ranch in what is now Menifee, California , and the Murphy Ranch in Pima County, Arizona . His horses raced at the Del Mar Racetrack , and he invested large sums of money in the hobby. Murphy's gambling left his finances in a poor state. In 1968, he stated that he lost $ 260,000 in an Algerian oil deal and was dealing with the Internal Revenue Service over unpaid taxes. In spite of his financial difficulties, Murphy refused to appear in commercials for alcohol and cigarettes, mindful of

3198-675: The Bottom of the Sea , Lost in Space , The Time Tunnel and Land of the Giants . He did a feature for Schneer, Land Raiders (1970), a Western, before an operation for cancer prompted him to retire in 1970. Juran returned from retirement to direct The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (1973) with his old Sinbad star, Kerwin Mathews . He then returned to his first career, architecture. In 1999, he

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3276-635: The Bukovina province to Romania through the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919). No Jews lived in Gura Humorului before 1835, when they were allowed to settle, joining other, already represented, ethnic groups (such as Germans from Bohemia , mainly from the Böhmerwald : thirty families settled on the mountainous and densely forested lands nearby the town, establishing a quarter named Bori ). The Jewish community began to flourish in 1869, when they formed around

3354-400: The Germans fired directly at him. When his men finally took the hill, 15 Germans had been killed and 35 wounded. Murphy's actions earned him a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster for his Silver Star. He was awarded a battlefield commission to second lieutenant on 14 October, which elevated him to platoon leader. While en route to Brouvelieures on 26 October, the 3rd Platoon of Company B was attacked by

3432-717: The Germans. He insisted on remaining with his men while his wounds were treated. For his actions that day, he was awarded the Medal of Honor . The 3rd Infantry Division was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for its actions at the Colmar Pocket, giving Murphy a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster for the emblem. On 16 February, Murphy was promoted to first lieutenant and was awarded the Legion of Merit for his service from 22 January 1944 to 18 February 1945. He

3510-419: The Hill (1951), Reunion in Reno (1951), Cave of Outlaws (1951), The Strange Door (1951), Meet Danny Wilson (1951), Bend of the River (1952) and Untamed Frontier (1952). Juran was assigned as art department head for The Black Castle (1952), when director Joseph Pevney dropped out shortly before filming. Juran was asked to take over as director two weeks prior to filming. Universal

3588-402: The Jewish community in Gura Humorului was deported: 2,945 people were all transported on October 10, 1941. The vast majority of survivors emigrated to Israel in 1947–1951. Statistics show that they numbered below 500 people in all at the time of their departure. Audie Murphy Audie Leon Murphy (20 June 1925 – 28 May 1971) was an American soldier, actor, and songwriter. He

3666-460: The Kenneth Perkins novel Three Were Renegades . Director Nathan Juran also directed Gunsmoke and Drums Across the River . George Marshall directed Murphy in the 1954 Destry , a remake of Destry Rides Again , based on a character created by author Max Brand . Although Murphy was initially reluctant to appear as himself in To Hell and Back , the 1955 adaptation of his book directed by Jesse Hibbs , he eventually agreed; it became

3744-419: The Medal of Honor. Near Salzburg , Austria, on 2 June 1945, Lieutenant General A.M. Patch presented Murphy with the Medal of Honor and Legion of Merit for his actions at Holtzwihr. When asked after the war why he had seized the machine gun and taken on an entire company of German infantry, he replied, "They were killing my friends". Murphy received every U.S. military combat award for valor available from

3822-588: The U.S. Army for his World War II service. Inquiries were made through official channels about the prospect of Murphy attending West Point upon his return to the United States, but he never enrolled. According to author Don Graham, Murphy suggested the idea and then dropped it, possibly when he realized the extent of academic preparation needed to pass the entrance exam. Murphy was one of several military personnel who received orders on 8 June 1945 to report to Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas , for temporary duty and reassignment. Upon arrival on 13 June, he

3900-488: The abandoned, burning tank destroyer and began firing its .50 caliber machine gun at the advancing Germans, killing a squad crawling through a ditch towards him. For an hour, Murphy stood on the flaming tank destroyer returning German fire from foot soldiers and advancing tanks, killing or wounding 50 Germans. He sustained a leg wound during his stand, and stopped only after he ran out of ammunition. Murphy rejoined his men, disregarding his own injury, and led them back to repel

3978-487: The action, he received the Presidential Unit Citation . Murphy's first Purple Heart was for a heel wound received in a mortar shell blast on 15 September 1944 in northeastern France. His first Silver Star came after he killed four and wounded three at a German machine gun position on 2 October at L'Omet quarry in the Cleurie valley. Three days later, Murphy crawled alone towards the Germans at L'Omet, carrying an SCR-536 radio and directing his men for an hour while

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4056-1107: The architect's exam and set up his own office as an architect. With the construction industry at a standstill due to the Great Depression , Juran moved to Los Angeles. He sought architecture work at the studios and got a job doing a drawing of the Brooklyn Bridge for RKO Radio Pictures . He managed to get a permanent job as a draftsman in the art department. He was an assistant art director on Quality Street (1937). Juaran later moved to MGM , where he assisted in designing Juliet's bedroom in Romeo and Juliet (1936). He then joined 20th Century Fox , assisting art department head Richard Day on How Green Was My Valley (1941). Fox liked his work and put Juran under contract. His early credits as art director included Charley's American Aunt (1941), and Belle Starr (1941), and he and Day won an Oscar for their work on Valley . Juran also worked on I Wake Up Screaming (1941), A Gentleman at Heart (1942), Ten Gentlemen from West Point (1942), The Loves of Edgar Allan Poe (1942), Dr. Renault's Secret (1942), It's Everybody's War (1942,

4134-429: The biggest hit in the history of Universal Studios at the time. To help publicize the release of the film, he made guest appearances on television shows such as What's My Line? , Toast of the Town , and Colgate Comedy Hour . The Hibbs-Murphy team proved so successful in To Hell and Back that the two worked together on five subsequent films. The partnership resulted in Murphy appearing as John Phillip Clum in

4212-437: The company awaited reinforcements on 26 January, he was made commander of Company B. The Germans scored a direct hit on an M10 tank destroyer , setting it alight, forcing the crew to abandon it. Murphy ordered his men to retreat to positions in the woods, remaining alone at his post, shooting his M1 carbine and directing artillery fire via his field radio while the Germans aimed fire directly at his position. Murphy mounted

4290-516: The development of this sparsely-settled land, the authorities subsidized the immigration of colonists to Bukovina. With the end of the first wave of settlement, colonists were to continue arriving at their own expense. As a result of these policies, the census of 1910 showed that the population had risen to over 800,000. People of many different ethnic groups took part in this immigration, including Germans , Rusyns , Hungarians , Ukrainians , Poles , Romanians , and Jews . In 1992, Gura Humorului had

4368-481: The division was put in charge of the prisoners. He participated as a platoon messenger with his division at Arzew in Algeria in rigorous training for the Allied assault landings in Sicily . Murphy was promoted to private first class on 7 May and corporal on 15 July. When the 3rd Infantry landed at Licata , Sicily, on 10 July, Murphy was a division runner . On a scouting patrol, he killed two fleeing Italian officers near Canicattì . Sidelined with illness for

4446-410: The end of World War II, the 36th Infantry Division reverted to state control as part of the Texas Army National Guard , and Murphy's friends, Major General H. Miller Ainsworth and Brigadier General Carl L. Phinney, were the 36th's commander and deputy commander respectively. After the 25 June 1950 commencement of the Korean War, Murphy began a second military career and was commissioned as a captain in

4524-436: The episode Broken Bridge , which featured his visits to military installations in Germany, Italy, Turkey and the U.S. state of New Mexico to showcase the military's latest weaponry. Writer Clair Huffaker wrote the 1961 screenplays for Murphy's films Seven Ways from Sundown and Posse from Hell . Willard W. Willingham and his wife Mary Willingham befriended Murphy in his early days in Hollywood and worked with him on

4602-533: The family's life and eventually deserted them. Murphy dropped out of school in fifth grade and got a job picking cotton for a dollar a day (equivalent to $ 22 in 2023) to help support his family; he also became skilled with a rifle, hunting small game to help feed them. After his mother died of endocarditis and pneumonia in 1941, he worked at a radio repair shop and at a combination general store, garage and gas station in Greenville. Hunt County authorities placed his three youngest siblings in Boles Children's Home,

4680-434: The following political composition, according to the results of the 2020 local elections : Gura Humorului is located in the north-eastern part of Romania, in southern Bukovina . The town is situated at the eastern limit of Obcinele Bucovinei Mountains , in Humorului Depression, at the confluence of Moldova River and Humor River . The average altitude of the town is 470 metres (1,540 ft). The European route E58 and

4758-420: The government to give increased consideration and study to the emotional impact of combat experiences, and to extend health care benefits to war veterans. As a result of legislation introduced by U.S. Congressman Olin Teague five months after Murphy's death in 1971, the Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital in San Antonio, now a part of the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, was dedicated in 1973. At

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4836-401: The influence he would have on the youth market. He was noted for a quick, fierce temper; he was involved in various violent altercations during his adult life. In May 1970, he was arrested in Burbank, California , charged with battery and assault with intent to commit murder in a dispute with a dog trainer. He was accused of firing a shot at the man, which he denied. Murphy was cleared of

4914-512: The mid-1960s, he recognized his dependence on the sedative Placidyl , and locked himself alone in a hotel room for a week to successfully break the addiction. Post-traumatic stress levels exacerbated his innate moodiness, and surfaced in episodes that friends and professional colleagues found alarming. His first wife, Dixie Wanda Hendrix , claimed he once held her at gunpoint. She witnessed her husband being guilt-ridden and tearful over newsreel footage of German war orphans. Murphy briefly found

4992-432: The remaining two projects, and Brown filed suit against Murphy. In 1957 Murphy was cast as The Utica Kid along with James Stewart and Dan Duryea in the western Night Passage . Murphy was featured in three westerns in 1959: he starred opposite Sandra Dee in The Wild and the Innocent , collaborated as an uncredited co-producer with Walter Mirisch on the black and white Cast a Long Shadow , and performed as

5070-411: The threats posed by Romanian fascist movements such as the Iron Guard , it was World War II that brought an end to Jewish presence in Gura Humorului. Under the dictatorship of Ion Antonescu , Jews were rounded up and deported to Transnistria , where most of them perished – mass murdered through various means, including shootings and criminal negligence (see Holocaust in Romania ). Virtually all of

5148-426: The war, Murphy embarked on a 21-year acting career. He played himself in the 1955 autobiographical film To Hell and Back , based on his 1949 memoirs of the same name , but most of his roles were in Westerns . He made guest appearances on celebrity television shows and starred in the series Whispering Smith . Murphy was a fairly accomplished songwriter. He bred quarter horses in California and Arizona, and became

5226-507: Was The Deadly Mantis (1957) at Universal. He followed this with Hellcats of the Navy (1957) starring Ronald Reagan and his wife (who was billed as Nancy Davis ). It was his first film for producer Charles H. Schneer . Schneer hired Juran for 20 Million Miles to Earth (1957) with special effects by Ray Harryhausen . This film established Juran in the science fiction and fantasy genres. Schneer hired him to do another movie with Harryhausen, The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1957). It

5304-436: Was I don't know. We didn't discuss our feelings. But when she passed away, she took something of me with her. It seems I've been searching for it ever since. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, he attempted to enlist in the U.S. military, but the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps all turned him down for being underweight and underage. After his sister provided an affidavit that falsified his birth date by

5382-551: Was a commercial and critical success. Instead of continuing with A features, he accepted two jobs "for the money", in his own words: The Brain from Planet Arous (1957) then Attack of the 50 Foot Woman (1957). Both became cult classics. He was unhappy with how Arous turned out and arranged for his billing to be "Nathan Hertz". Juran did a Western for Schneer, Good Day for a Hanging (1958) and, for TV, episodes of Frances Langford Presents , World of Giants , and Men Into Space (1960). Juran got back into features with

5460-453: Was credited on The Other Love (1947) and Body and Soul (1947). When Enterprise collapsed, Juran did Kiss the Blood Off My Hands (1948) for Harold Hecht and Tulsa (1948) for Walter Wanger . Juran then signed a long-term contract with Universal , where he was the art director on Free for All (1949), Undertow (1949), Winchester '73 (1950), Deported (1950), Harvey (1950), Bright Victory (1951), Thunder on

5538-540: Was given the lead; thus, Allied Artists put aside their reservations about using an inexperienced actor and gave him the starring role. Universal Studios signed Murphy to a seven-year studio contract at $ 2,500 a week (equivalent to $ 31,700 in 2023). His first film for them was as Billy the Kid in The Kid from Texas in 1950. He wrapped up that year making Sierra starring Wanda Hendrix, who by that time had become his wife, and Kansas Raiders as outlaw Jesse James . Universal lent him to MGM in 1951 at

5616-506: Was happy with Juran's work and signed him to a one-year directing contract. He made an Audie Murphy Western Gunsmoke (1952), and a Ronald Reagan Western Law and Order (1953), then did The Golden Blade (1953), an "Eastern" with Rock Hudson and Tumbleweed (1953) with Murphy. Juran went to Italy in 1954 to direct a swashbuckler, Knights of the Queen (1954), based on The Three Musketeers . He then directed some episodes of

5694-592: Was honored with the Lifetime Career Award by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films, USA. He died at the age of 95 in Palos Verdes, California , US. Gura Humorului Gura Humorului ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˌɡura huˈmoruluj] ; Hebrew and Yiddish : גורה חומורולוי - Gure Humuruluei or גורא הומאָרא - Gura Humora ; German and Polish : Gura Humora )

5772-663: Was moved from the front lines to Regimental Headquarters and made a liaison officer. The United States additionally honored Murphy's war contributions with the American Campaign Medal , the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with arrowhead device and 9 campaign stars , the World War II Victory Medal , and the Army of Occupation Medal with Germany Clasp . France recognized his service with

5850-468: Was one of four assigned to Fort Sam Houston Army Ground & Services Redistribution Station and sent home for 30 days of recuperation, with permission to travel anywhere within the United States during that period. While on leave, Murphy was feted with parades, banquets, and speeches. He received a belated Good Conduct Medal on 21 August. He was discharged with the rank of first lieutenant at

5928-627: Was promoted to sergeant on 13 December. In January 1944, Murphy was promoted to staff sergeant . He was hospitalized in Naples with malaria on 21 January and was unable to participate in the initial landing at the Anzio beachhead . He returned on 29 January and participated in the First Battle of Cisterna , and was made a platoon sergeant in Company B following the battle. He returned with

6006-662: Was promoted to the rank of major by the Texas Army National Guard in 1956 and returned to inactive status in 1957. In 1969, his official separation from the Guard transferred him to the United States Army Reserve. He remained with the USAR until his transfer to the Retired Reserve later in 1969. During an acting career spanning from 1948 to 1969, Murphy made more than 40 feature films and one television series. When actor and producer James Cagney saw

6084-495: Was widely celebrated as the most decorated American combat soldier of World War II , and has been described as the most highly decorated enlisted soldier in U.S. history. He received every military combat award for valor available from the United States Army , as well as French and Belgian awards for heroism. Murphy received the Medal of Honor for valor that he demonstrated at age 19 for single-handedly holding off

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