57-571: The Palos Verdes Peninsula ( Palos Verdes ( Spanish for 'Green Sticks')) is a peninsular subregion of the Los Angeles metropolitan area , located within southwestern Los Angeles County , California . It is often called simply "Palos Verdes", and is made up of a group of cities in the Palos Verdes Hills , including Palos Verdes Estates , Rancho Palos Verdes , Rolling Hills , and Rolling Hills Estates , as well as
114-628: A co-ed Roman Catholic four-year college was located in Rancho Palos Verdes . A private K–12 school, Chadwick School , is also located there. Rolling Hills Country Day School , adjacent to the Botanic Garden, offers a private K-8 education. In total, there are 11 elementary schools, 3 intermediate schools, and 3 high schools located on the peninsula. In the Eastview neighborhood of Rancho Palos Verdes, however, residents have
171-688: A U.S. high school in any year. In any given year there is routinely a dozen-way or more tie for the valedictorian (highest grade point average) honors in the graduating class. The smaller enrollment Palos Verdes High School (the "Sea Kings"; enrollment 1,900) achieved the same API score as Palos Verdes Peninsula High School (898). Both schools' students and faculties in science and computer science curricula are participants in national robotic engineering advancement, and have competed against universities (Caltech, Stanford, Princeton, Cornell) and defense contractor firms in government-sponsored robotic science application challenges (example: The Sea Kings competed in
228-437: A civil rights lawsuit was filed after a particularly violent confrontation with Hermosa Beach surfers. Surveillance cameras were placed in the surfing area but were later removed. In 2016, The Coastal Commission targeted the group after "renewed reports that their unpermitted structure [built along Lunada Bay] was being used as a spot for ongoing bullying and intimidation." On July 12, 2016, City Manager Tony Dahlerbruch recommended
285-628: A community of fragrant and drought resistant shrubs and flowering plants. In August 2009, wildfire burned approximately 165-acres of the Portuguese Bend Reserve. As a result, restoration has been done to reinstall native plants and animals to the area. Parkinsonia See text Cercidiopsis Britton & Rose Cercidium Tul. Peltophoropsis Chiov. Rhetinophloeum H.Karst. Parkinsonia / ˌ p ɑːr k ɪ n ˈ s oʊ n i ə / , also Cercidium / s ər ˈ s ɪ d i əm / ,
342-490: A hot spot for sewage found in sediments. Invertebrates, plankton, and several species have bioaccumulated increasing amounts of chlorinated hydrocarbons as they approach Palos Verdes. When there are high levels of pollution, fish diseases such as tumors and fin erosion levels also increase. Palos Verdes Peninsula is an upper class area, and the average household income is $ 231,303 per year. Areas of commerce include historic Mediterranean Revival style Malaga Cove Plaza and
399-462: A method of controlling development of the subdivision, even after many of the lots would have already been sold. The deed restrictions prohibited nuisance businesses, such as polluting industries, but also bars and cemeteries. The deed restrictions also included an exclusionary racial covenant which forbid an owner from selling or renting a house to anyone who wasn't white . They were also not permitted to have African-Americans on their property with
456-494: A new real estate trust to purchase 3,200 acres from his land syndicate and establish the subdivision of Palos Verdes Estates . The new trust assumed not just the land, but also the improvements made by Lewis. They were not complete, but they were substantial: improvements included many sewers, water mains, and roads; landscaping, parks, and a golf course. They opened Palos Verdes for public inspection in June 1923. Palos Verdes Estates
513-483: A real estate trust, capitalizing the project through the sale of notes which were convertible to Palos Verdes property. Under the terms of the trust, Lewis sought to raise $ 30 million for infrastructure improvements, effectively borrowing from investors for both the land and the improvements. He succeeded in attracting $ 15 million in capital, but far short of the $ 35 million needed. The trust dissolved and ownership of Palos Verdes reverted to Vanderlip. Vanderlip established
570-538: A relatively short time after rains, with much of the photosynthesis carried out by the green twigs and branches. The flowers are symmetrical or nearly so, with five yellow or white petals . The fruit is a pod containing several seeds . Most American species are known by the common name of palo verde or paloverde , derived from the Spanish words meaning "green tree". This name is given due to its characteristic green trunk . The palo verde (not species-specific)
627-617: A whaling station in the mid-19th century. By 1882, ownership of the land had passed from the Sepulveda family through various mortgage holders to Jotham Bixby of Rancho Los Cerritos , who leased the land to Japanese farmers. Frank Vanderlip , representing a group of wealthy east coast investors, purchased 25 square miles of land on the Palos Verdes Peninsula in 1913 for $ 1.5 million. In 1914, Vanderlip vacationed at Palos Verdes in order to recover from an illness, and he
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#1732773120054684-681: Is a coastal city in Los Angeles County, California , United States, situated on the Palos Verdes Peninsula and neighboring Rancho Palos Verdes and Rolling Hills Estates . The city was master-planned by the noted American landscape architect and planner Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. The city is located along the Southern California coastline of the Pacific Ocean . The population was 13,347 at
741-586: Is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae . It contains about 12 species that are native to semi- desert regions of Africa and the Americas . The name of the genus honors English apothecary and botanist John Parkinson (1567–1650). They are large shrubs or small trees growing to 5–12 m (16–39 ft) tall, dry season deciduous , with sparse, open, thorny crowns and green bark. The leaves are pinnate , usually bipinnate, with numerous small leaflets ; they are only borne for
798-564: Is banned off the coast of Palos Verdes. Another factor where marine restorations fall short is in accounting for multiple important variables. Some examples are nutrients, light, wave exposure, and temporal temperatures. Another stressor that reefs and other marine ecosystems face are human population increases. Population increased in California's coast during the 1900s. It went from 200 thousand people in Southern California in 1900 to over 17 million in 1998. Palos Verdes has been identified as
855-713: Is bordered by Torrance to the north and east, Rancho Palos Verdes to the south, and Rolling Hills Estates to the southeast. The 2010 United States Census reported that Palos Verdes Estates had a population of 13,438. The population density was 2,814.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,086.8/km ). The racial makeup of Palos Verdes Estates was 10,346 (77.0%) White (73.4% Non-Hispanic White), 161 (1.2%) African American , 21 (0.2%) Native American , 2,322 (17.3%) Asian , 8 (0.1%) Pacific Islander , 94 (0.7%) from other races , and 486 (3.6%) from two or more races. There were 631 people (4.7%) of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race. The Census reported that 13,421 people (99.9% of
912-677: Is home to the Promenade on the Peninsula mall, originally an enclosed regional mall with two department store anchors, May Company California and Bullocks Wilshire , as well as the Peninsula Center , which originally had a Buffums department store. The Palos Verdes Peninsula Transit Authority provides bus service within and to the Palos Verdes Peninsula. The Palos Verdes Peninsula is within 40 minutes of both LAX and Long Beach Airport , which together provide access to most of
969-456: Is the state tree of Arizona . A major pollinator for Parkinsonia species in the southwestern United States and western Mexico is Centris pallida , a solitary bee known as the digger or pallid bee. C. pallida obtains nectar and pollen from this plant to fill a brood pot so that their larvae will have food when they hatch. The nectar and pollen give its bee bread a strong orange color. Palos Verdes Estates Palos Verdes Estates
1026-407: Is through assisted recovery and/or passive restoration. Experiments that have included pollution mitigation have seen a 100% success rate of achieving cleaner environments within their testing site. Heavy metals have been found in Southern California coasts. Some of these are lead, zinc, and scientists have also found DDT. The highest concentration of DDT in sediments in California have been found off
1083-521: The 2020 census , a slight decrease from its 2010 population of 13,438. Palos Verdes Estates is one of the wealthiest cities in the United States. The 90274 ZIP code (covering the cities of Palos Verdes Estates and Rolling Hills) is considered some of the most exclusive and expensive neighborhoods in the United States. The city is also known for its high-performing school district, hiking trails, and oceanfront properties. Palos Verdes Estates
1140-602: The 66th Assembly District , represented by Democrat Al Muratsuchi . In the United States House of Representatives , Palos Verdes Estates is in California's 36th congressional district , represented by Democrat Ted Lieu . The United States Postal Service Palos Verdes Estates Post Office is located in Suite 102 at 2516 Via Tejon. Palos Verdes Estates was a mostly Republican jurisdiction in
1197-466: The Channel Islands . In 1846, José Dolores Sepúlveda and José Loreto received a Mexican land grant from Alta California Governor Pío Pico for a parcel from the huge original 1784 Spanish land grant of Rancho San Pedro to Manuel Dominguez . It was named Rancho de los Palos Verdes , or "ranch of the green trees", which was used primarily as a cattle ranch. It was also briefly used as
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#17327731200541254-493: The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department , using the station in nearby Lomita ). The department currently has 25 officers. These officers are assigned to different divisions such as traffic, patrol and detectives. The city also has its own dispatch center and jail. Both are staffed 24 hours a day. The current Police Chief is Luke Hellinga. Fire prevention and paramedic response services are provided by
1311-467: The Lunada Bay Boys group of surfers. Palos Verdes Estates Police Chief Jeff Kepley has acknowledged that officers in his department "may have relationships with surfers accused of tormenting outsiders". In March 2016, lawsuits were filed by several non-local surfers against the city of Palos Verdes Estates, alleging that the city police ignored the harassment and never investigated or punished
1368-642: The 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge; the only U.S. high school to do so). Chadwick School is another well known school in the area. It is a K-12 independent, nonsectarian school which was established in 1935. In 1992 the International Bilingual School , a Japanese preparatory school for grades K-9, moved to Palos Verdes Estates. By 2002 the PVUSD had filed suit to force the International Bilingual School to leave
1425-507: The 20th century and early 21st century, but voted for Hillary Clinton and Joe Biden in the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections. The city is served by the Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District . A previous The Washington Post study ranked the nearby Palos Verdes Peninsula High School (the "Panthers"; enrollment 2,400) as the #8 best among public and private high schools in
1482-741: The Los Angeles County Fire Department with engine company firehouse facilities located within the city limits. The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Torrance Health Center in Harbor Gateway , Los Angeles , near Torrance and serving Palos Verdes Estates. Starting around 1990, the Palos Verdes Estates Police Department was criticized for not taking steps to stop harassment by
1539-667: The Palos Verdes Library District, which operates these three libraries: The 40 Families Project based at Peninsula Center Library documents the history of the Japanese-American community on Palos Verdes before World War II. The peninsula is frequented by runners, hikers, horseback riders, bird watchers, surfers, scuba divers, fishermen, and bicyclists. The area is home to several golf courses and country clubs . In addition, nude sunbathers formerly frequented Sacreds Cove (or "Smugglers Cove") until
1596-614: The Promenade on the Peninsula. Smaller shopping centers include the Peninsula Center, Lunada Bay Plaza, and Golden Cove Plaza. The largest peninsula commercial district is in Rolling Hills Estates , with many shopping centers including The Promenade on the Peninsula with a megaplex movie theater and an ice rink . The Palos Verdes area has ocean views, coastline views and city light views. The Peninsula
1653-699: The United States aboard all major carriers . The Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District has one of the highest rated API scores in California and has one of the highest average SAT scores and one of the highest percentage of students successfully completing the Advanced Placement exams in the county. There are three high schools, Palos Verdes Peninsula High School (formerly called Rolling Hills High School), Palos Verdes High School , and Rancho Del Mar High School (located in Rolling Hills). The former Marymount California University ,
1710-408: The United States. U.S. News & World Report recently academically ranks it # 89 among 18,500 U.S. high schools, and Newsweek ranks it # 146. In 2014, thedailybeast.com ranked the two area high schools as the 44th and 121st best high schools in the country. Palos Verdes Peninsula High School also annually honors the largest collection of National Merit Scholar recipients (usually 50–60) enrolled in
1767-420: The age of 18 living with them, 75.7% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.5% were non-families. 15.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 2.96. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under
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1824-414: The age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 19.8% from 25 to 44, 33.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males. Palos Verdes Estates is the only city on the Palos Verdes Peninsula to have its own police department (the other three peninsula cities contract with
1881-488: The city of Rancho Palos Verdes enacted a 1994 ordinance that ended such use of that beach. The infamous Palos Verdes surf spots have been in the spotlight many times over issues of localism . The most notorious surf spot for localism in Palos Verdes is Lunada Bay, which can hold any winter swell and has been known to rival Sunset Beach, Hawaii on a big day. Localism in Palos Verdes reached a turning point in 2001 when
1938-488: The coast of Palos Verdes. 98% of sediments tested off the coast of Palos Verdes contained DDT which has contaminated 100% of two fish species. These species are the Pacific sanddab and longfin sanddab. High amounts of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrate have also been detected in the water. These factors have caused fish tissue to decrease between the 1970s and 1980s. Due to the high concentration of DDT, commercial fishing
1995-489: The coast, this restoration consists unique designs and locations with of rock relief habitats which provide habitat for marine life. It avoids existing functioning reefs and instead uses those areas as inspiration These habitats have been impacted by deposited or settling sediment such as sand. The main goals of the restoration project is to restore the rocky-reef territory and maximize ecosystem benefits.l Reefs are productive ecosystems. Two Types of monitoring have been done for
2052-460: The developer and all land owners. The developer was required to set aside half of the land for common use, including roads and parks, but also to build bridle paths, a golf course, and retain several miles of coastline free of development. No less than ninety percent of the remaining land was required to be used for single-family homes. The designers of Palos Verdes Estates, Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. and Charles Cheney, used deed restrictions as
2109-524: The exception of chauffeurs, gardeners, and domestic servants. The " sundown rule " was strictly in effect, and it wasn't until 1948 when such restrictions were declared unconstitutional. Yet, it took 20 more years until the Fair Housing Act was passed in 1968 for the reality of the civil rights protections to take hold. An art jury reviewed all building plans, regulating any structure in regard to style, material, and even small details like color and
2166-507: The final date December 2021. By 2021, the team used Edgetech 6205 MultiPhase EchoSounder, which is sends and receives audible pulses that also map the ocean's floor. Results showed net gain between 2019 and 2020. There was little net loss and fewer net gain between 2020 and 2021. Between 2019 and 2021, there were was mostly no change. The second monitoring method was biological monitoring. The team used instruments which detected specific fish species' density and size. These instruments also showed
2223-647: The kelp canopy and other marine plants. By 2021, the team was able to say there was a significantly higher giant kelp density compared to the previous 3 years. There was also an increase in biotic cover, total fish density, and total fish biomass by 2021. Although kelp does function as a habitat and food source of marine species, it is not necessary for fish biodiversity. Instead, rock relief is linked to fish biodiversity. Human caused factors such as pollution and over harvesting have altered urchin-dominated areas. Historically, pollution mitigation has been overlooked in artificial reef restoration programs. A way to mitigate issues
2280-586: The option to choose either PV schools or the surrounding LAUSD schools (i.e. Dodson Middle School, Dana Middle School, San Pedro High School, etc.). Additionally, students are also able to attend the California Academy of Mathematics and Science in Carson due to its attendance boundaries stretching to the South Bay, which is about 20-40 minutes from the peninsula itself. The Peninsula is served by
2337-404: The perpetrators. In September 2024, the city settled the lawsuit and agreed to, among other things, have the police department begin investigating claims of harassment. The city also agreed to pay the plaintiff's attorney fees, estimated at between $ 1M and $ 4M. In the state legislature Palos Verdes Estates is located in the 26th Senate District, represented by Democrat Ben Allen , and in
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2394-624: The pitch of the roof. The construction of fences and hedges were subject to evaluation by the art jury. The city's oldest building is La Venta Inn built in 1923 as a sales office for Vanderlip and his business associates. Other buildings were erected mostly around the shopping area in Malaga Cove. Palos Verdes Estates was finally incorporated in 1939. The Malaga Cove Plaza building and the Palos Verdes Public Library, were designed by Pasadena architect Myron Hunt , and
2451-635: The population) lived in households, 17 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 5,066 households, out of which 1,686 (33.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,649 (72.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 296 (5.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 138 (2.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 91 (1.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 26 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 848 households (16.7%) were made up of individuals, and 534 (10.5%) had someone living alone who
2508-485: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,463 people (10.9%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010-2014 U.S. Census, the median income for a household in Palos Verdes Estates was $ 171,328. The per capita income for the city was $ 87,408. As of the census of 2000, there were 13,340 people, 4,993 households, and 4,119 families residing in the city. The population density
2565-584: The project stalled as World War I started, and Vanderlip accepted a chairmanship to the War Savings Committee in Washington, D.C. in 1916. By 1921, Vanderlip had lost interest in overseeing development of Palos Verdes and enticed Edward Gardner Lewis to take over the project with an option to buy the property for $ 5 million. Lewis was an experienced developer, but lacked the capital to purchase and develop Palos Verdes. Instead, he established
2622-569: The removal of the illegal structure after pressure from the California Coastal Commission. The Trump National Golf Club is a Donald Trump venture with a golf course on the Ocean Trails cliffs. The 18th hole of the prior golf course fell victim to a landslide caused by a leak in the sanitary pipes underneath it. In the summer of 2006, the golf club erected a 70-foot flagpole for an American flag; critics claimed it
2679-428: The restoration site. The first one being geophysical and oceanographic monitoring. The restoration project uses high-resolution multi-beam bathymetry data which is an instrument that uses echo-sound to measure the depth of water at different angles to create 3D maps of the ocean floor. The team used before and after pictures of the site from October 2019, the date prior to alterations, 3 different dates throughout 2020, and
2736-685: The unincorporated community of Westfield/Academy Hill. The peninsula is located in the South Bay region. It borders the city of Torrance to its north, the Pacific Ocean is on the west and south, and the Port of Los Angeles is to the east. As of the 2010 census , the population of the Palos Verdes Peninsula is 65,008. The hill cities on the peninsula are known for scenic views of the Pacific Ocean and cityscapes , distinguished schools, extensive horse trails , and high-value homes. The peninsula
2793-478: Was 2,784.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,075.3/km ). There were 5,202 housing units at an average density of 1,086.0 per square mile (419.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 78.3% White , 17.1% Asian , 2.0% African American , 0.1% Native American , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.6% from other races , and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population. There were 4,993 households, out of which 32.8% had children under
2850-401: Was 49.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males. There were 5,283 housing units at an average density of 1,106.6 per square mile (427.3/km ), of which 4,496 (88.7%) were owner-occupied, and 570 (11.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.6%. 11,958 people (89.0% of
2907-417: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65. There were 4,083 families (80.6% of all households); the average family size was 2.97. The population was spread out, with 3,113 people (23.2%) under the age of 18, 588 people (4.4%) aged 18 to 24, 1,787 people (13.3%) aged 25 to 44, 4,702 people (35.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 3,248 people (24.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
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#17327731200542964-620: Was astounded by scenery he compared to "the Sorrentine Peninsula and the Amalfi Drive". He quickly initiated development of Palos Verdes. He hired the Olmsted Brothers , the landscaping firm of John Charles Olmsted and Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. , to plan and landscape a new subdivision. The Olmsted Brothers contracted Koebig & Koebig to perform engineering work, including surveying and road planning. However,
3021-655: Was established as a planned community in 1923, with 3,200 acres (1,300 ha) carved out of the former Rancho Palos Verdes property of over 16,000 acres (6,500 ha). Frank Vanderlip established both a land syndicate holding the Palos Verdes Peninsula , and a real estate development trust for the Palos Verdes Estates subdivision. The Commonwealth Trust Company filed the Palos Verdes Protective Restrictions in Los Angeles County in 1923. These restrictions established rules for
3078-515: Was illegal, but the golf club was allowed to retain it after a City Council vote. The Marineland of the Pacific site near Portuguese Bend is currently home of Terranea, a luxury oceanfront resort. There are numerous nature reserves in Palos Verdes: Palos Verdes Estates Shoreline Preserve, Agua Amarga Reserve, and Portuguese Bend Reserve. The reserves contain coastal sage scrubs habitats,
3135-558: Was organized and landscaped by the Olmsted Brothers and in their planning, they dedicated a quarter of the land area to permanent open undeveloped space. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Palos Verdes has a Mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps. Reef restoration off the coast of Palos Verdes began in May 2020 involving over 30 acres (12 ha) of new habitat. Located off
3192-621: Was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. The Neptune fountain situated in the center of Malaga Cove Plaza is faithful replica of the original bronze Fontana del Nettuno designed by Italian artist Tommaso Laureti and erected in Bologna, Italy in 1563. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12 km ), over 99% of it land. The city
3249-572: Was the homeland of the Tongva-Gabrieliño Native Americans people for thousands of years. In other areas of the Los Angeles Basin archeological sites date back 8,000 years. Their first contact with Europeans occurred in 1542 with João Cabrilho ( Juan Cabrillo ). Chowigna and Suangna were two Tongva settlements of many in the peninsula area, which was also a departure point for their rancherías on
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