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32-645: The NDS informs another related document, the National Military Strategy (NMS), written by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and signed by its Chairman (CJCS). The NMS and NDS often agree, but since the CJCS's role is to give unfiltered military advice to the government, the NMS is also an opportunity for the CJCS to provide a contrary opinion, however rare. In any case, the NMS is a further refinement of

64-472: A break with past foreign policy doctrine. Brad Patty, an author for the conservative think tank Security Studies Group writes that, "My guess is that members of the Foreign Policy elite will encounter these first pages as a kind of boilerplate, even trite. Notice, though, that those two pages lead directly to a third page that repudiates the whole living body of American foreign policy thought." About

96-641: A coherent, militarily informed and civilian representative national strategy. After the Trump administration released its first National Security Strategy in December 2017 and National Defense Strategy in January 2018, Joint Chiefs Chairman General Joseph Dunford ordered the Joint Staff to update the 2016 National Military Strategy accordingly. In July 2018, Dunford said that an unclassified version of

128-679: A year later, Schadlow would comment that the NSS had "achieved the state of mattering". In March 2021, President Joe Biden published the 2021 Interim National Security Strategy (NSS), which recommitted the United States to the NATO alliance and outlined the country's global priorities, concluding that the United States "must demonstrate that democracies can still deliver for our people. It will not happen by accident – we have to defend our democracy, strengthen it and renew it.." On October 12, 2022,

160-517: Is broadly accepted as valid for effective political discourse on issues affecting the nation's security—the Congress and the Executive need a common understanding of the strategic environment and the administration's intent as a starting point for future dialogue. That said, however, it is understood that in the adversarial environment that prevails, this report can only provide a beginning point for

192-727: The Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR). In 2022, the NDS was released on October 27 along with the Missile Defense Review (MDR) and Nuclear Posture Review (NPR). National Military Strategy (United States) The National Military Strategy ( NMS ) is issued by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a deliverable to the secretary of defense briefly outlining the strategic aims of

224-588: The "ambitious and specific target" of "doubl[ing] the size of the world's poorest economies within a decade." The Bush doctrine reflected an effort to move from the Cold War doctrine of deterrence to one that could deal with terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda as well as nation-states such as Iraq or Iran . The document also treated AIDS as a threat to national security, promising efforts to reduce its spread and devastating effects. Published in March 2006,

256-473: The "permanent" government they lead within executive bureaucracies, than to have to commit in writing to the President their plans for the future and how they can be integrated, coordinated and otherwise shared with other agencies and departments. The ability to forge consensus among these competing views on direction, priorities and pace, and getting "on board" important players three political levels down from

288-510: The 2018 National Military Strategy was released on July 12, 2019. In 2020, the White House determined that during the War on terror , defense contractors filled employee shortages with foreign-born staff. National Security Strategy (United States) The National Security Strategy ( NSS ) is a document prepared periodically by the executive branch of the United States that lists

320-492: The Biden Administration sent its classified National Security Strategy to Congress. According to an unclassified fact sheet released to the public, the strategy said the U.S. faced two strategic challenges: a post-cold war competition between superpowers and transnational challenges that range from climate change to global health issues. The document said that “the most pressing strategic challenge facing our vision

352-446: The Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) to a strictly advisory placement in the hierarchy of military command and stipulated the composition and delivery, both in written report and direct consultation, by which the Joint Chiefs of Staff are to relay information and advice to the administration. The National Military Strategy interacts with the other joint publications and the current administration's National Security Strategy publication to inform

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384-607: The Muslim population in Afghanistan and throughout the world. The objective of the National Security Strategy is to create a stable situation for the world, including those countries struggling with insurgencies . "The most effective long-term measure for conflict and resolution is the promotion of democracy and economic development." In order to promote democracy and economic development communication with

416-474: The NDS to provide the U.S. military with more detailed guidance for theater campaign planning, modernization, force posturing, and force structure. Moreover, the NMS is often classified, while the NDS is generally not. According to a fact sheet from the Department of Defense the March 2022 version is classified, however an "unclassified NDS will be forthcoming". In 2018, the NDS became the sole successor to

448-410: The United States and or other friendly nations to support US forces in combat operations and other operations for extended periods of time. The NMS report also includes an assessment of the nature and magnitude of the strategic and military risks associated with successfully executing the missions called for under the strategy. In preparing the assessment of risk, CJCS examines assumptions pertaining to

480-516: The United States's security depended on reviving its economy. The drafters of the new Strategy made a conscious decision to remove terms such as "Islamic radicalism", instead speaking of terrorism generally. The 2010 NSS said that in order to defeat al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan , the United States needs to engage in a large amount of interagency cooperation and communication with

512-866: The armed services. The NMS's chief source of guidance is the National Security Strategy document. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), in consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands (CCMDs), the joint staff and the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), prepares the National Military Strategy in accordance with U.S. Code, Section 153, which requires that not later than February 15 of each even-numbered year,

544-549: The chairman submits to the Senate Committee on Armed Services and the House Committee on Armed Services a comprehensive examination of the national military strategy. This report must delineate a national military strategy consistent with the most recent National Security Strategy prescribed by the president ; the most recent annual report of the secretary of defense submitted to the president and Congress ;

576-441: The civilian population of the host-nation is essential. The Stability Operations Field Manual states that success depends on a U.S. ability to build local institutions and in the establishment of a legitimate permanent government, which builds trust between the citizens and the counterinsurgency personnel." The National Security Strategy establishes the interagency coordination in order to conduct useful public diplomacy to secure

608-412: The dialogue necessary to reach such a "common" understanding. The requirement of producing this report along with the budget request leads to an iterative, interagency process involving high level meetings that helps to resolve internal differences in foreign policy agendas. However, "this report was not to be a neutral planning document, as many academics and even some in uniform think it to be. Rather it

640-487: The document and the inter-agency process that preceded it were well-received by foreign policy experts across the political spectrum. Delivered by President Donald Trump on December 18, 2017, the new document named China and Russia as "revisionist powers" while removing "climate change" as a national threat. It also characterized the world as a competitive arena rather than a "community of nations" or "international community" as previous documents had. NSS-2017 represents

672-526: The final Bush White House NSS said it was based on two "pillars": "promoting freedom, justice, and human dignity" and "leading a growing community of democracies." On May 26, 2010, President Barack Obama . issued a new Strategy which was called by United Nations ambassador Susan Rice a "dramatic departure" from its predecessor. The Strategy advocated increased engagement with Russia , China and India . The Strategy also identified nuclear non-proliferation and climate change as priorities, while noting that

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704-437: The international threats posed by terrorism , weapons of mass destruction , and asymmetric challenges. After describing the security environment in which military forces will operate, the NMS report must specify the "ends, ways, and means" of the strategy. US national military objectives are the "ends", describing what the armed forces are expected to accomplish. The NMS report describes the relationship of those objectives to

736-483: The most recent policy guidance provided by the secretary of defense; and any other national security or defense strategic guidance issued by the president or the secretary of defense. The NMS report must provide a description of the strategic environment and the opportunities and challenges that affect the United States' national interests and national security . The report must describe the most significant regional threats to US national interests and security as well as

768-523: The national security concerns and how the administration plans to deal with them. The legal foundation for the document is spelled out in the Goldwater–Nichols Act . The document is purposely general in content, and its implementation relies on elaborating guidance provided in supporting documents such as the National Military Strategy . The stated intent of the Goldwater–Nichols legislation

800-455: The objectives specified in the president’s National Security Strategy. The NMS must account for the contribution of allies and other partners. Military capabilities are always employed as part of an integrated national approach that employs all instruments of national power—military, information, diplomatic, legal, intelligence, finance, and economic. The NMS report must assess the capabilities, adequacy, and interoperability of regional allies of

832-432: The population in the countries of Afghanistan and Iraq . On February 6, 2015, Obama issued a new NSS to provide "a vision and strategy for advancing the nation's interests, universal values, and a rules-based international order through strong and sustainable American leadership." The primary author of the 2017 National Security Strategy (NSS) was Nadia Schadlow , then-deputy national security adviser. Her work on

864-631: The president is recognized as an invaluable, if not totally daunting, opportunity for a new administration. The National Security Strategy issued on September 17, 2002, contained the controversial Bush doctrine of pre-emptive war . It also contained the notion of military pre-eminence that was reflected in a 1992 Department of Defense paper, "Defense Policy Guidance", prepared by two principal authors ( Paul Wolfowitz and I. Lewis Libby ) working under Defense Secretary Dick Cheney . The NSS 2002 repeated and re-emphasized efforts to provide foreign aid to countries moving towards Western-style democracy, with

896-416: The readiness of forces (in both the active and reserve components), the length of conflict and the level of intensity of combat operations, and the levels of support from allies and other friendly nations. Before submitting the report to Congress, the chairman provides a copy to the secretary of defense. The secretary provides an assessment and comments on the report and submits these comments to Congress when

928-541: The report is formally transmitted. Specifically, the secretary of defense must examine areas of risk considered "significant" by the chairman and provide a plan for mitigating those risks. This hierarchy of presentation, first to the secretary of defense and then to Congress, is informed by US Code-10, which was significantly modified by the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986. This act also moved the Chairman of

960-469: The strategic environment, regional, and international threats. Strategic and operational concepts are the "ways" of the strategy and describe how the armed forces conduct military operations to accomplish the specified military objectives. Furthermore, the NMS report must describe the adequacy of capabilities—the "means"—required to achieve objectives within an acceptable level of military and strategic risk. Military action, by itself, cannot fully accomplish

992-410: The updated NMS would be given to the public. In December 2018, Dunford approved the updated NMS and sent it to the defense secretary and Congress, according to Col. Patrick Ryder, a spokesman for Dunford. In February 2019, Ryder said that "an unclassified overview of the National Military Strategy is in development and will be released to the public." He did not say when. The unclassified description of

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1024-429: Was ... intended to serve five primary purposes." Where the incoming executive team has not formulated a national security strategy, such as an after an election in which foreign policy and defense were not important campaign issues, the process of writing the report can be of immense importance: Few things educate new political appointees faster as to their own strategic sensings, or to the qualities and competencies of

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