Misplaced Pages

#712287

26-499: Governor-General of Pakistan 14 August 1947 – 11 September 1948 Parties Properties Tributes [REDACTED] Mazar-e-Quaid ( Urdu : مزارِ قائد ), also known as Jinnah Mausoleum or the National Mausoleum , is the final resting place of Muhammad Ali Jinnah , the founder of Pakistan . Designed in a 1960s modernist style , it was completed in 1971, and is an iconic symbol of Karachi as well as one of

52-460: A Bombay based architect who was a personal friend of Jinnah. Merchant's design was of a cuboid structure with a dome, clad in white marble. The monument was placed on an elevated platform, set in a 61-acre gardened hill looking over the city. The new design was praised by eminent professor Ahmad Hasan Dani as "not a slavish imitation of the old tradition. Actually it partakes of the Muslim spirit of

78-452: A larger-than-life figure. The location and style of the monument both serve to inspire passersby. It is clad in white marble, and has curved arches and copper grills set on an elevated 54-square-metre platform. The cool inner sanctum reflects the green of a four-tiered crystal chandelier given by the People's Republic of China . In the interior of the grave complex, there are four graves in

104-416: A row and one to the north. The one to the north, which is decorated with a series of black floral design at the base, belongs to Miss [Fatima Jinnah], Quaid-e-Azam's sister. Out of the four graves in a row, first extreme two belong to Liaquat Ali Khan , the first Prime Minister of Pakistan and Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan lying side by side. The other extreme grave belongs to Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar . In

130-614: A tribute to Jinnah through 3d projection mapping show by 3D illumination. Governor-General of Pakistan The governor-general of Pakistan ( Urdu : گورنر جنرل پاکستان ) was the representative of the Pakistani monarch in the Dominion of Pakistan , established by the Indian Independence Act 1947 . The office of governor-general was abolished when Pakistan became an Islamic republic in 1956. Pakistan

156-450: Is located in a 53-hectare park and the building has a footprint of 75 by 75 m (246 by 246 ft) with a height of 43 m (141 ft), built on a 4 m (13 ft) high platform. In each wall is placed an entrance. Fifteen successive fountains lead to the platform from one side and from all sides terraced avenues lead to the gates. Around the mausoleum is a park fitted with strong beamed spot-lights which at night project light on

182-499: Is located in a prominent and highly visible location in the Jamshed Quarters locality of central Karachi , along the northern edge of the colonial-era core at the end of Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road . The mausoleum is surrounded by a large garden laid out in a neo-Mughal style in the dense city, with large traffic rotaries at three of its four corners. Muhammad Ali Jinnah 's death occurred in 1948, and his final resting place

208-718: The Public Works Department (PWD). In 1962, he was appointed as an assistant engineer for the Sungai Way-Klang Federal Highway project before rising to the senior executive engineer position in 1965. Later, in 1969, he transferred from his daily work at Malaysian Public Works Department to the Technical Institute, Kuala Lumpur at the government's request as the institution's Principal. Tan Sri Ainuddin Wahid died at

234-517: The Malay engineer and architect Ainuddin , suggested a complex reminiscent of a Sufi shrine, with mosques, libraries, school, restaurants, and shops to merge into the fabric of the city. 1957, the Government of Pakistan held an international competition to design a new mausoleum for Jinnah. 6 of the 8 jurists were European modernist architects. The 1957 competition was won by William Whitfield of

260-589: The Muslims of the subcontinent around the Pakistan Movement . In 1954, an Indian architect was selected to design the mausoleum, but his design could not gain consensus among members of the QMF, and so was dismissed. In 1955, a Turkish architect was hired, but his plan was rejected as being "too elaborate," and "almost despotic." The QMF's mandate stalled as consensus over the design was lacking. Proposals from

286-546: The QMF received numerous letters from concerned Pakistanis at the sad state of his tomb, and advocated for a more befitting monument to Jinnah. In 1952, the QMF proposed to erect 4 monuments across Pakistan to Jinnah's memory: a mausoleum and mosque on the current site in central Karachi, a Dar-ul-Uloom religions school in Punjab and a University of Science and Technology in East Pakistan . In 1954, an Indian architect

SECTION 10

#1732766114713

312-458: The efforts of the Jinnah's sister, Fatima Jinnah , who sought input from the public in the design of a monument to her brother. Fatima Jinnah effectively vetoed the 1957 proposal, and assumed control of the QMF. She then commissioned architect Yahya Merchant , a Bombay based architect who was a personal friend of Jinnah, to design the monument. President Ayub Khan laid the foundation stone for

338-786: The engineering field was. He furthered his studies to the upper secondary level at the Anglo-Chinese School, Ipoh. Ainuddin graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering from the University of Bristol , United Kingdom in 1956. He then took post-graduate work in Traffic and Road Engineering from Ohio State University , US in 1962 and was awarded a Fellowship from the International Road Federation, US . Upon his return from United Kingdom in 1957, Ainuddin served as assistant engineer with

364-438: The middle lies buried Nurul Amin , who was the eighth Prime Minister of Pakistan. All these graves are made of Italian white marble, and they are of the box type, like the sarcophagus of Jinnah, placed on a triple base. But the sides of these graves are tapering inward while that of Jinnah are diverging outward. These are all plain graves, except that of Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah, which has a basal floral ornamentation. The mausoleum

390-431: The military elite, although public reception was not warm. Fatima Jinnah opposed Whitfield's plan on several fronts, including its design, its selection by an international rather than Pakistani jury, and that it was awarded to a British national, which challenged the desire of Pakistanis for a de-colonial future. Fatima Jinnah then assumed control of the design process, and chose the proposals of architect Yahya Merchant ,

416-483: The modernist Reglan Squire and Partners firm. The plan called for an avant-garde neo-futurist mausoleum mounted on an elevated platform in a neo-Mughal garden, with a central parabola and pointed edges at its six corners reaching out "in an exuberant motion towards the sky." Following the 1958 coup of President Ayub Khan , who presented himself as a modernizer, the Whitfield-Squire proposal gained favor among

442-418: The monument on 31 July 1960. It was inaugurated by Yahya Khan on 18 January 1971. The gardens surrounding the mausoleum were not completed until 24 December 2000. Numerous proposals were submitted by Pakistani citizens following independence: ranging from a shrine, to a neo-Mughal monument. The idealists suggestions directly from ordinary Pakistani citizens reflected the "radical utopianism" that swept through

468-535: The most popular tourist sites in the city. The mausoleum complex also contains the tomb of Jinnah's sister, Māder-e Millat ("Mother of the Nation") Fatima Jinnah , as well as those of Liaquat Ali Khan and Nurul Amin , the first and eighth Prime Ministers of Pakistan respectively. The tomb of Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar , a stalwart of the Muslim League from Peshawar , is also located there. The mausoleum

494-485: The past but it is created to meet the new demand of the present in the technique of the present day." The mausoleum was designed in the modernist style popular during the 1960s and 1970s, and has been termed a "traditional monument of a modernist period." It appears simple at a distance, but "exuberant in its use of material and complex in its detailing when viewed" closely. The use of white marble to suggest purity, and pure geometric forms, are designed to portray Jinnah as

520-525: The pleasure of the governor-general. The governor-general of Pakistan was also exempted from any proceedings against him in any Pakistani court. The governor-general of Pakistan was required to take an oath of allegiance to the Constitution of Pakistan and the Pakistani monarch before being permitted to assume his seat. The oath of allegiance taken by Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the first governor-general,

546-637: The sovereign. All laws in Pakistan were enacted only with royal assent , granted by the governor-general on behalf of the sovereign. The governor-general was also responsible for summoning, proroguing , and dissolving the Federal Legislature. The governor-general chose and appointed the Council of Ministers and dismissed them at his discretion. All Pakistani ministers of the Crown held office at

SECTION 20

#1732766114713

572-415: The white mausoleum. Official and military ceremonies take place here on special occasions, such as on 23 March (Pakistan Day), 14 August (Independence Day), 11 September (the anniversary of Jinnah's death) and 25 December (Jinnah's birthday). Dignitaries and officials from foreign countries also visit the mausoleum during official tours. On 14 August 2017, Pakistan's Independence Day , it was used for paying

598-706: Was as follows: "I, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, do solemnly affirm true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of Pakistan as by law established and that I will be faithful to His Majesty King George VI, in the office of Governor General of Pakistan." The following is a list of people who served as governor-general of Pakistan. Ainuddin Wahid He received his early or lower education at the Teluk Anson (Teluk Intan) Boys Malay School, Perak. Since elementary school, he began to show his interest in engineering, although at that point he did not yet fully understand what

624-529: Was marked by a large white marble slab that was raised on a plinth accessed by marble steps. In 1949, the Quaid-e-Azam Memorial Fund (QMF) was established, which received numerous suggestions for the establishment of a memorial to Jinnah. By 1952, his mausoleum was capped by a small dome, with a cabinet that contained some of his personal effects along a wall near his grave. The site had an air of neglect which angered many. Fatima Jinnah and

650-547: Was one of the realms of the Commonwealth of Nations that shared the same person as sovereign and head of state. The Pakistani monarch was represented in the dominion by the governor-general of Pakistan, whom the monarch appointed on the advice of the Pakistani government. The Pakistani monarch and the Federal Legislature of Pakistan constituted the Parliament of Pakistan. All executive powers of Pakistan rested with

676-488: Was selected to design the mausoleum, but was later dismissed. In 1955, a Turkish architect was hired, but his plan was rejected as well. In 1957, the Government of Pakistan held an international competition to design a new mausoleum for Jinnah. The competition was initially won by British architect William Whitfield , of the Raglan Squire and Partners firm. The state's efforts to select a design were paralleled by

#712287