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33-549: In 1926, National Wuchang University, National Wuchang University of Commerce, Hubei Provincial Medical University, Hubei Provincial University of Legislation, Hubei Provincial University of Liberal Arts, and the private Wuchang Zhonghua University were merged into National Wuchang Sun Yat-sen University (also known as National Second Sun Yat-sen University). The school has an undergraduate department and 6 subjects including liberal arts, science, law, economics, medicine, and preparatory courses, 17 departments, and 2 departments. In 1928,

66-491: A campus covering an area of 5508 mu and has a floor area of 2.42 square kilometres. The university's libraries have a collection of approximately 5.4 million volumes and subscriptions to more than 10,000 Chinese and foreign periodicals. Wuhan University has established cooperative relationship with more than 300 universities and research institutes in over 40 countries and regions. As of 2017 at least 29 billionaires had graduated from Wuhan University, ranking third place in

99-581: A further criticism has been that the metrics used are not independent of university size, e.g. number of publications or award winners will mechanically add as universities are grouped, independently of research (or teaching) quality; thus a merger between two equally-ranked institutions will significantly increase the merged institutions' score and give it a higher ranking, without any change in quality. There are two categories in ARWU's disciplinary rankings: broad subject fields and specific subjects. The methodology

132-465: A pretty good stab at a fair comparison." While ARWU has originated in China, the ranking have been praised for being unbiased towards Asian institutions, especially Chinese institutions . The ranking has been criticised for "relying too much on award factors" thus undermining the importance of quality of instruction and humanities . A 2007 paper published in the journal Scientometrics found that

165-580: Is also criticised in France for its use as a motivation for merging universities into larger ones. Several methods for ranking universities were analyzed. Many scholars proposed developing new methodologies for global university rankings, expressing concerns about bias against universities in the Arab region within current ranking systems. They emphasized the need to adjust the weighting of indicators to account for overlooked institutional differences. Indeed,

198-859: Is ranked in the top 200th global universities by major international universities rankings, including the Academic Ranking of World Universities , the QS World University Rankings , the Times Higher Education World University Rankings , the Center for World University Rankings , and the U.S. News & World Report . In 2024, U.S. News & World Report ranked it 108th in the world, 21st in Asia and 11th in China. In 2024, Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked it # 89 in

231-521: Is similar to that adopted in the overall table, including award factors, paper citation, and the number of highly cited scholars. Considering the development of specific areas, two independent regional league tables with different methodologies were launched – Ranking of Top Universities in Greater China and Best Chinese Universities Ranking. Best Chinese Universities Ranking was first released in 2015. Ranking of Top Universities in Greater China

264-458: Is widely known as one of the most beautiful universities in China, especially for its cherry blossom garden. A cherry blossom festival is held every spring. Most stylish old buildings were designed by F. H. Kales (1899–1979). Educated in MIT, Kales was a pioneer to blend western architectural styles with traditional Chinese elements, which is most evident from his roof designs. Wuhan University boasts

297-535: The South Central China region and 9th nationally. 30°32′27″N 114°21′40″E  /  30.54083°N 114.36111°E  / 30.54083; 114.36111 Academic Ranking of World Universities The Academic Ranking of World Universities ( ARWU ), also known as the Shanghai Ranking , is one of the annual publications of world university rankings . The league table

330-699: The Dalian Institute of Technology's shipbuilding department joined Jiao Tong University between January 29-30. On June 22, 1955, the academic structure transitioned from a two-year specialization to a five-year degree program, and the two-year program was phased out by July. By June 29, the university's telecommunication and automotive programs were transferred to Chengdu and Changchun, respectively. On March 13, 1956, Jiao Tong University initiated discussions to enroll its first cohort of graduate students in fields like mechanical engineering, metallurgy, and electrification. This pilot program evolved, and by 1958,

363-559: The Mechanical Engineering department from the former East China Traffic College was integrated into Jiao Tong University. On December 25, 1954, Peng Kang, the university's Party Secretary, announced the adoption of the presidential responsibility system. On January 7, 1955, the university expanded its Shipbuilding College under the direct leadership of the Ministry of First Mechanical Industry. Faculty and students from

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396-752: The Nanjing National Government officially established the National Wuhan University based on the former National Wuchang Sun Yat-sen University, with four colleges: liberal arts, law, science, and engineering. In 1949, National Wuhan University was taken over by the Communist Party and renamed Wuhan University. In 2018, Wuhan University's student body consisted of 29,405 full-time undergraduates and 19,699 full-time master's degree candidates, 7,163 Ph.D candidates and 2,453 international students. Wuhan University

429-559: The People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured the western part of Shanghai, allowing Jiao Tong University to gradually resume operations. Classes restarted on June 2, and on June 15, the Shanghai Military Commission officially assumed control of the university. On August 20 of that year, Jinan University's Science College merged into Jiao Tong University, with students relocating to the campus by September 9. Following

462-691: The Self-Strengthening Movement. In 1905, Nanyang Public School was transferred to the Ministry of Commerce and renamed High Industrial School. In 1907, it was handed to the Ministry of Posts and Communications and renamed Shanghai High Industrial School of the Postal Transmission Department. It was known as Grand Nanyang University from 1911 to 1912. After the Republic of China was established in 1912, it

495-745: The Xi'an campus, which was formally separated into Xi'an Jiaotong University on July 31, 1959, with the Shanghai campus renamed Shanghai Jiaotong University. In 1961, Shanghai Jiaotong University came under the dual leadership of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission (NDSC), the Ministry of Education, and the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee. On June 10, the Minyan Road branch campus

528-519: The criteria used are not relevant; that the aggregation methodology has a number of major problems; and that insufficient attention has been paid to fundamental choices of criteria. The ARWU researchers themselves, N.C. Liu and Y. Cheng, think that the quality of universities cannot be precisely measured by mere numbers and any ranking must be controversial. They suggest that university and college rankings should be used with caution and their methodologies must be understood clearly before reporting or using

561-480: The curriculum. From 1908 to 1920, foreign instructors, largely Americans, accounted for about half of the school's faculty in the disciplinary specialities, with American academics leading both the Departments of Civil Engineering and Electrical Engineering, as the university lacked qualified faculty. However, in the 1920s, many returned student-educators replaced their foreign counterparts. On May 25, 1949,

594-645: The establishment of the People's Republic of China, Jiao Tong University introduced new majors in December 1950, including automotive engineering, highway management, construction equipment, and civil engineering. On March 1, 1951, the Department of Telecommunication Management was renamed the Department of Telecommunication Engineering Management. By July 28, 1952, the university's faculties were reorganized into three main areas: Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Shipbuilding. Subsequently, on August 21,

627-450: The reconstruction of the Department of Civil Engineering in 1985. The Minhang Campus was officially opened in 1987. In 1999, Shanghai Agricultural College merged into SJTU. In 2005, the former Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the former Shanghai Second Medical University ( 上海第二医科大学 ) merged to establish the new Shanghai Jiao Tong University. In 2024 five Shanghai Jiao Tong University students who participated in an exchange program with

660-438: The results from the Shanghai rankings could not be reproduced from raw data using the method described by Liu and Cheng. A 2013 paper in the same journal finally showed how the Shanghai ranking results could be reproduced. In a report from April 2009, J-C. Billaut, D. Bouyssou and Ph. Vincke analyse how the ARWU works, using their insights as specialists of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). Their main conclusions are that

693-527: The results. ARWU has been criticised by the European Commission as well as some EU member states for "favour[ing] Anglo-Saxon higher education institutions". For instance, ARWU is repeatedly criticised in France, where it triggers an annual controversy, focusing on its ill-adapted character to the French academic system and the unreasonable weight given to research often performed decades ago. It

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726-534: The school in October. The proposal was approved by the Guangxu Emperor in December, and Sheng became the school’s first president. As a member of Westernization Movement, Sheng aimed to weaken the imperial examination while promoting a Western academic model and a more practical approach to education. The university initially focused on business and political sciences to support the country’s development and

759-774: The size of the institution, and thus larger institutions tend to rank above smaller ones. EU Research Headlines reported the ARWU's work on 31 December 2003: "The universities were carefully evaluated using several indicators of research performance." A survey on higher education published by The Economist in 2005 commented ARWU as "the most widely used annual ranking of the world's research universities." In 2010, The Chronicle of Higher Education called ARWU "the best-known and most influential global ranking of universities" and Philip G. Altbach named ARWU's 'consistency, clarity of purpose, and transparency' as significant strengths. University of Oxford Chancellor Chris Patten has said "the methodology looks fairly solid ... it looks like

792-487: The university had grown to include 6 departments and 15 majors, with 5,000 students at that time. In March 1958, the Shanghai Shipbuilding Institute and Nanyang College of Technology officially merged with Jiao Tong University. During a May 24-25, 1955 meeting, Jiao Tong University's committee decided to follow central government instructions to relocate the university. On August 20, an office

825-488: The world among the global universities. The 2023 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Wuhan University 22nd in the world by total publications and 45th in the world based on the number of their scientific publications belonging to the top 1% in their fields for the time period 2018–2021. The university has rolling physical features with the scenic Luojia Hill and the beautiful East Lake . Its campus is heavily wooded and green, with fragrant flowers everywhere year-round. Wuhan University

858-636: The world and 15th in Asia. In 2020, it ranked 23rd in Greater China (including Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan). It came 157th in the 2022 Times Higher Education World University Rankings where it ranked 25th in Asia and 8th in China. Regarding scientific research output, the Nature Index 2023 ranked Wuhan University the No.14 university in the Asia Pacific region, and 33rd in

891-499: Was established in Xi'an to begin preparations, and the relocation plan was announced on November 24. In January 1956, a delegation was sent to inspect the Xi'an site. The relocation began in earnest by 1957, with the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee agreeing to the move on June 22. However, just a week later, the university decided to operate campuses in both Shanghai and Xi'an, with only select departments relocating. In September, many Civil Engineering faculty and students transferred to

924-585: Was established to provide suggestions. The publication currently includes global league tables for institutions as a whole and for a selection of individual subjects, alongside independent regional Greater China Ranking and Macedonian HEIs Ranking . ARWU is regarded as one of the three most influential and widely observed university rankings, alongside QS World University Rankings and Times Higher Education World University Rankings . It has received positive feedback for its objectivity and methodology, but draws wide criticism as it fails to adjust for

957-609: Was first released in 2011. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Jiao Tong University ( SJTU ) is a public university in Shanghai , China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China . The university is part of Project 211 , Project 985 , and the Double First-Class Construction . It is a member of the C9 League . SJTU was founded as Nanyang Public School in 1896. It

990-622: Was handed over to Shanghai Institute of Technology, and by January 10, 1962, the preparatory department followed. On August 29, 1962, Shanghai Jiaotong University was restructured into 8 departments including Shipbuilding, Radio Engineering, and Electrical Engineering. In 1970, SJTU was placed under the Sixth Ministry of Machinery Industry's leadership. In 1978, the university re-established departments in Applied Mathematics, Applied Physics, and Engineering Mechanics, followed by

1023-465: Was merged into Jiao Tong University in 1921, before gaining its current name in 1959. The university currently has 33 schools, 12 affiliated hospitals, 2 affiliated medical research institutes, 23 directly affiliated units, and 5 directly affiliated enterprises. Nanyang Public School was founded in 1896, making it one of the earliest universities in China. Sheng Xuanhuai requested the Qing government open

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1056-464: Was originally compiled and issued by Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2003, making it the first global university ranking with multifarious indicators. Since 2009, ARWU has been published and copyrighted annually by Shanghai Ranking Consultancy, an organization focusing on higher education that is not legally subordinated to any universities or government agencies. In 2011, a board of international advisory consisting of scholars and policy researchers

1089-676: Was transferred to the Ministry of Communications and renamed the Shanghai Special Industrial School. Tang Wenzhi was the school’s president from 1907 to 1920. During this period, the school organized its curriculum based on Western engineering higher education. The school expanded its civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering programs and introduced a 4-year traffic management program as well as new industrial economy and factory management courses. Moreover, specialized coursework replaced general education requirements, and experiments and practice were prioritized in

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