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101-477: Prime Minister of Malaysia 1MDB scandal [REDACTED] Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak ( Jawi : محمد نجيب بن عبد الرزاق , Malay: [muhammad nadʒɪb] ; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018. In 2020, he was convicted of corruption in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal , one of

202-427: A "lurch towards an authoritarian government". The government defended the bill, with cabinet minister Shahidan Kassim saying the law is necessary to enable better coordination and a uniform response in the event the country is faced with security threats, and that the law does not contravene the basic human rights guaranteed under the federal constitution. Cost of living The link between income and health

303-486: A Mongolian woman hired as a French translator to facilitate the purchase of the submarines and mistress to Baginda, tried to blackmail Baginda for a $ 500,000 cut and was subsequently murdered. 2 policemen, who were bodyguards posted to Najib, were charged and found guilty. Reviewing the Altantuyaa case, Tommy Thomas, Attorney General of Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, wrote that the evidence "implicated not only Najib Razak as

404-492: A UMNO Youth rally held in Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur the same year where Najib spoke. Rising tensions soon lead to fears of ethnic violence and eventually resulted in a security operation known as Operasi Lalang , that included numerous administrative detentions . Following the complete reorganisation and founding of the "New" UMNO by Mahathir Mohamad in the aftermath of the 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis , Najib

505-753: A comparable inflation-offsetting gain at the after-tax level. Some salaries and pensions in the United States with a COLA include: Pensions in Canada with a COLA include: Social security benefits in the United States receive cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) to match increases in the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). They can also receive funds from public charities for specific issues. The COLAs are made at most annually and are calculated based on

606-514: A conviction for sodomy and the implementation of a Goods and Services Tax (GST). He was Prime Minister during the Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disaster and a dispute with North Korea following the assassination of Kim Jong-nam . In 2015, Najib became implicated in a major corruption scandal involving state investment firm 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) which led to rallies calling for his resignation, spearheaded by

707-766: A cost-of-living index that varies by geographic location if the employee moves. In this latter case, the expatriate employee will likely see only the discretionary income part of their salary indexed by a differential CPI between the new and old employment locations, leaving the non-discretionary part of the salary (e.g., mortgage payments, insurance, car payments) unmodified. Annual escalation clauses in employment contracts can specify retroactive or future percentage increases in worker pay which are not tied to any index. These negotiated increases in pay are colloquially referred to as cost-of-living adjustments or cost-of-living increases because of their similarity to increases tied to externally determined indexes. The cost-of-living allowance

808-452: A culture of excellence, acceptance, loyalty, education, humility, integrity, and meritocracy. While the concept aimed to promote national unity and inclusiveness, some critics argued that it was primarily a political slogan and that it did not lead to significant policy changes to address the underlying issues of ethnic and cultural diversity in the country. On 17 September 2008, Najib launched 1Malaysia.com.my in an effort to communicate with

909-483: A future of lasting peace hinges on the Palestinians being united. Najib also stated that for Palestine to move towards having a future it envisioned, Palestinians would have to take the first step – to unite among themselves. Premiership of Najib Razak Prime Minister of Malaysia 1MDB scandal [REDACTED] The Najib Government was the federal executive government of Malaysia led by

1010-496: A healthier lifestyle. He said, "there is no logic in the government allocating subsidies worth almost RM1 billion on a commodity that could endanger the people's health". Responding to concerns about how these reforms might affect the poor, the Prime Minister's Office pointed out that Malaysia will still be spending RM 7.82 billion per year on fuel and sugar subsidies and that prices for these commodities would remain

1111-491: A logging concession of 2000 acres to a resident of a low-cost housing estate. He asked ACA to investigate whether the logging concessionnaire was in fact a nominee for Najib himself. In 1987, Najib was selected as the acting head of the Movement of UMNO Youth by Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim after Anwar was asked to contest the post of UMNO Vice-President. Following mounting ethnic tensions anti-Chinese sentiments were expressed at

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1212-425: A marathon six-hour debate. The bill provides the Prime Minister of Malaysia with unprecedented powers, such as the ability to define what constitutes a security issue as well as deem any part of Malaysia a security area. Within that area, authorities may make arrests, conduct searches or seize property without a warrant. The bill was criticized by rights groups as inviting government abuse. The Malaysian Bar called it

1313-635: A mechanism for the evaluation of each ministry of government, with a system for six-month reviews to assess effectiveness. He promised to review any Minister who failed to meet KPI standards, which Najib said would focus on impact, rather than inputs, and outcomes, rather than outputs, to ensure effective public service delivery. Najib stated that each of the government's 40 deputy ministers would be given specific tasks, and required each minister to establish KPIs complete with job specifications for themselves and their deputies within 30 days. Initial KPIs were established by mid-May 2009, described as "preliminary," with

1414-442: A much larger reduction in their net worth during the crisis. Further, since lower income families tend to spend relatively more of their income than higher income families, shifting more of the income to wealthier families may slow economic growth. The 2022 World Inequality Report , a four-year research project organized by the economists Lucas Chancel , Thomas Piketty , Emmanuel Saez , and Gabriel Zucman , shows that "the world

1515-484: A multi-level entry system for the civil service would benefit from the cross-fertilisation between the talents of the public and private sectors and the GLCs. He also proposed an open-door policy whereby civil service officers can be loaned to the GLCs and vice versa for mutual acquisition of knowledge. He announced as government policy four paradigm shifts for modernising the civil service, including (1) recognition that wealth

1616-411: A permit to offer brokerage services. The approval of these licenses is a sharp break from Malaysia's history of domestically dominated and tightly regulated markets for financial services. The International Institute for Management Development responded to these and other reforms by increasing Malaysia's ranking to the 10th-most competitive economy in the world in 2010 from 18th in 2009. Malaysia, which

1717-404: A position he held until the 2013 election. During his tenure as Prime Minister, Najib implemented various economic and infrastructure development programs, including the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) initiative. However, his leadership was marred by allegations of corruption and misappropriation of funds related to the 1MDB scandal , which led to his political downfall. In this scandal, it

1818-531: A positive move that needed to be accompanied by further action to move beyond historic preferences for Malays to have a substantial impact on the economy. On 27 April 2009, Najib a package of measures to liberalise the financial sector including raising the equity in investment and Islamic banks and insurance and Takaful firms to 70 percent from 49 percent. Najib said two new Islamic banking licenses and two new commercial banking licenses would also be offered to foreign players with specialised expertise. He stated that

1919-648: A preference for participating in Chapter 6 "peace enforcement" missions, rather than Chapter 7 "peacekeeping" missions. After four years at the Ministry of Defence, Najib assumed control of the Education Ministry in 1995. He returned to the Ministry of Defence in 2000. Japanese raped Malay comfort women but UMNO leader Najib Razak blocked all attempts by other UMNO members like Mustapha Yakub at asking Japan for compensation and apologies. In 1995, Najib left

2020-603: A regional learning hub. During the 1999 general elections Najib suffered a major setback when he barely won re-election to the Parliament by a margin of 241 votes, compared to a margin of over 10,000 in the previous election. This is a surprise to political observers. During his second tenure as Minister of Defence Najib coordinated Malaysia's relief efforts following the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 , and provided support to Indonesia in arresting those responsible for

2121-748: A second round to follow based on a six-month assessment in November 2009. In his first days in office, Najib visited the offices of a major Chinese-language newspaper and emphasised the importance of the Chinese community to Malaysia, before undertaking other direct outreach to Indian-origin communities of Malaysia including the Tamils, Malayalees and Sikhs. At the same time, he called for all Malaysia's ethnic communities to reach out beyond what he termed their "ethnic silos", stating on 15 April 2009 that Malaysians must "stand together, think and act as one people under

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2222-457: A speech given to the media on 6 April 2009, Najib stated that Malaysia must establish "a new national discourse," based on the principles of "transparency and accountability", "service to all"; and "respect and fairness in the public dialogue", in which "world-class, fact based reporting" including the new media led to better governance through "vibrant public dialogue." In his first month in office, Najib announced two packages of economic reforms,

2323-513: A sustainable community. In December 2015, the National Security Council Bill 2015 was passed in Parliament after a marathon six-hour debate. The bill provides the Prime Minister of Malaysia with unprecedented powers, such as the ability to define what constitutes a security issue as well as deem any part of Malaysia a security area. Within that area, authorities may make arrests, conduct searches or seize property without

2424-408: A warrant. The bill was criticised by rights groups as inviting government abuse. The Malaysian Bar called it a "lurch towards an authoritarian government". The government has defended the bill, with cabinet minister Shahidan Kassim saying the law is necessary to enable better co-ordination and a uniform response in the event the country is faced with security threats, and that the law does not contravene

2525-501: Is an internet tool designed to calculate cost-of-living allowances and build compensation packages for corporate executives maintaining a western lifestyle. The survey incorporates easy-to-understand comparative cost of living indices between cities. The survey allows city-to-city comparisons, but for the purpose of this report all cities are compared to a base city of New York City , which has an index set at 100. The survey has been carried out for more than 30 years. The most recent survey

2626-441: Is equal to the nominal interest minus the real interest rate. When cost-of-living adjustments, negotiated wage settlements and budgetary increases exceed CPI , media reports frequently compare the two without consideration of the pertinent tax code. However, CPI is based on the retail pricing of a basket of goods and services. Most purchases of that same basket require the use of after-tax dollars—dollars that were often subject to

2727-488: Is marked by a very high level of income inequality and an extreme level of wealth inequality". According to the report, the bottom half of the population owns 2% of global wealth, while the top 10% owns 76% of it. The top 1% owns 38%. Stipends or extra pay provided to employees who are being temporarily relocated may also be called cost-of-living adjustments or cost-of-living allowances. Such adjustments are intended to offset changes in welfare due to geographic differences in

2828-794: Is now ranked fifth in the Asia Pacific region, scored well in business and government efficiency. Economists attributed the rise of Malaysia's ranking to the efforts of the Malaysian government to improve the country's business environment such as the New Economic Model , the Government Transformation Programme and the Economic Transformation Programme . The Malaysian government passed two stimulus packages to mitigate

2929-570: Is well-established. Cost of living pressures may lead to household energy insecurity or fuel poverty as well as housing stress . Cost of living is the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living . Changes in the cost of living over time can be operationalized in a cost-of-living index . Cost of living calculations can be used to compare the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living in different geographic areas. Differences in cost of living between locations can be measured in terms of purchasing power parity rates. Major components of

3030-559: The 2005 Bali bombings . Najib also oversaw the deployment of Malaysian troops as a part of a UN peacekeeping force in 2006, when Malaysia volunteered to help stabilise Lebanon following the 2006 Lebanon War . As Defence Minister, Najib instituted compulsory military service in December 2003, stating that it would encourage interaction and friendship between youth of different ethnic groups and religions. During its first five years of operation, over 339,000 Malaysian youth participated in

3131-605: The 2013 elections , although for the first time in Malaysia's history the opposition won the majority of the popular vote. Najib was first assigned into the Cabinet of Malaysia at the age of 25 when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Energy, Telecommunications and Post in 1978, becoming the youngest deputy minister in the country. He served as the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang between 1982 and 1986, becoming

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3232-611: The PLKN (the Bahasa Malaysian acronym for "Malaysian National Service"), which is intended to promote tolerance, teamwork, and community engagement. The programme, however, has faced challenges. Safety issues in the program have been reported and several people died during or shortly after their terms of service during the program's first few years. In response, Najib strengthened the PLKN's health screening requirements and reinforced

3333-569: The Prime Minister , Najib Razak . The government was made up of members of the Barisan Nasional. Following the resignation of incumbent Prime Minister, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi , Najib sworn in to become the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia on 3 April 2009. Najib announced his inaugural Cabinet on 9 April 2009. after Barisan Nasional's victory in the 2013 Malaysian general election , Najib resumed his leadership as prime minister and

3434-748: The UN peacekeeping forces in Bosnia in 1993 during the Bosnian War . Malaysian forces were greeted warmly by Bosnians as well as Serbs and Croats. Malaysia also assisted peacekeeping operations in Somalia in 1993, losing one soldier in an effort to aid US soldiers during the Battle of Mogadishu . Najib later criticised the UN's Somalia operation as putting too much emphasis on military action. Since then Malaysia has stated

3535-565: The '1Malaysia concept'." Najib urged Malaysians to "break away from operating in the ethnic prism as we have done over so many years", and to "go beyond tolerance and build trust among each other and build trust between various ethnic groups." Najib's initial actions as Prime Minister focused on economic stabilisation and domestic reforms, and did not visibly change long-standing Malaysian foreign policy. Najib's initial actions on foreign policy involved undertaking low-profile bilateral meetings with local counterparts. These included Indonesia, where

3636-460: The 1,060 respondents wanted the policy of teaching maths and science in English to continue. On 28 April 2009, Najib proposed structural reforms in the civil service to allow top posts in the public sector to become opened to persons from the private sector and government-linked companies (GLCs) in addition to existing personnel in the administrative and diplomatic service. He said his proposal for

3737-517: The 10th Malaysia Plan and the New Economic Model. The government believes it will save RM 750 million by the end of 2010 through these measures with little negative impact on most citizens. Sugar and fuel subsidies were selected for reform because they disproportionately benefit the wealthy and foreigners, encourage over-consumption and create opportunities for fraud and smuggling. Najib expressed his hope that Malaysians would adopt

3838-510: The 1Malaysia concept has become subject to a broad range of interpretations and discussion, both by those in favour of and opposed to particular government policies, and involving different elements of Malaysia's major ethnic groups. However, Najib has been criticised for an apparent deterioration of race relations in Malaysia during his tenure that has occurred despite the 1Malaysia programme. In 2014, former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad withdrew his support for Najib citing, among other things,

3939-609: The Barisan Nasional coalition. Najib's tenure has also been marked by increasingly aggressive racial rhetoric from elements within Najib's UMNO party, particularly towards Chinese Malaysians . Additionally, there were concerns that the government's efforts to promote 1Malaysia were seen by some as a way to consolidate power and influence. So, while the 1Malaysia concept was intended to promote unity and inclusiveness, it did face controversy and criticism from various quarters during Najib Razak's tenure as Prime Minister. The first BR1M Project

4040-490: The Defence Ministry for the first time when he was appointed Minister of Education . His challenge was to respond to Malaysia's newly proclaimed aspiration to become a fully developed nation by 2020. The 1996 Private Higher Education Institutions Act, allowed foreign universities to establish degree-conferring schools in Malaysia, providing greater educational opportunities for Malaysians and positioning Malaysia as

4141-705: The Foreign Investment Committee and lowering the minimum quota for Malay ownership in publicly traded companies from 30 percent to 12.5 percent. As he introduced the reforms Najib stated, "The world is changing quickly and we must be ready to change with it or risk being left behind." Since these reforms have been implemented, the American banking firms Goldman Sachs and Citigroup have been granted permission to expand their operations in Malaysia. Goldman Sachs received licenses to set up fund management and advisory operations. Citigroup has obtained

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4242-528: The Hindraf leaders was to counter negative public opinion over the Perak state assembly crisis . On 14 April 2009, Najib announced initiatives on early childhood education, emphasising accessibility and affordability. He stated that the government would continue to support incentives for providing such education, such as by granting a 10 per cent tax reduction per annum to employers who set up childcare centres at

4343-549: The Israeli government agree to and act on a two-state solution that creates an independent Palestine, plus a new focus on counter-proliferation , including endorsement of new policies undertaken in the United States by the Obama Administration relating to reducing existing nuclear arsenals. On 17 September 2008, Najib launched his personal website at www.1Malaysia.com.my in an effort to increase communication with

4444-474: The Malaysian government. Najib became the first Muslim leader from South East Asia to set foot on Palestinian soil. Najib says Palestinians can count on Malaysia, but for there to be lasting peace, Hamas and Fatah must unite to safeguard the safety and security of the Palestinian people. Malaysia will give Palestine the moral, financial and political support it needs to rise above its struggles, but securing

4545-602: The Minister for Finance, handing the Defence portfolio to Badawi. During the global financial crisis, Malaysia faced a strong recession and reduced levels of trade throughout the South Asian region. In response, Najib announced a series of stimulus packages to be implemented over a two-year period with the intention of acting as a countercyclical response that might otherwise protect Malaysia's economy. He also pressed for

4646-725: The Pahang Darul Makmur (Royal Court) by virtue of his inherited title as the Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar . He received his primary and secondary education at St. John's Institution, Kuala Lumpur . He later attended Malvern College in Worcestershire , England, and subsequently went to the University of Nottingham , where he received a bachelor's degree in industrial economics in 1974. Najib Razak returned to Malaysia in 1974 and entered

4747-667: The abandonment by Chinese voters of the Barisan Nasional coalition. Najib's tenure has also been marked by increasingly aggressive racial rhetoric from elements within Najib's UMNO party, particularly towards Chinese Malaysians. In 2015, after only six years of operations, 1MDB had reportedly incurred debts of MYR 42 billion (about US$ 11.1 billion), prompting a negative outlook on the country's economic growth. On July 2, 2015, The Wall Street Journal ran an exposé alleging that MYR 2.672 billion (US$ 700 million) had been channelled from 1MDB into Najib's personal bank accounts, triggering widespread calls for his resignation. Najib responded to

4848-601: The basic human rights guaranteed under the federal constitution. On 2 May 2009, Najib announced the government's plan to develop a New Economic Model that will speed Malaysia's transition to a high-income country. The plan will emphasise ways to increase the income and productivity of workers by encouraging knowledge industries and increasing investment from overseas. Najib has started to implement comprehensive reform of government subsidies. On 16 July 2010, subsidies for petrol, diesel and LPG were cut as part of Malaysia's general programme of reducing and rationalising subsidies per

4949-515: The business world, serving briefly at Bank Negara Malaysia and later with Petronas (Malaysia's national oil company) as a public affairs manager. The eldest son of Malaysian Prime Minister, Abdul Razak Hussein , was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1976 replacing his deceased father in the Pahang -based seat of Pekan . The national outpouring of grief following Tun Razak's death and

5050-443: The case. Najib's tenure as prime minister , between 2009 and 2018, was marked by economic liberalisation measures , such as cuts to government subsidies , loosening of restrictions on foreign investment , and reductions in preferential measures for ethnic Malays in business. After the 2013 election , his government pursued a number of its critics on sedition charges , the imprisonment of opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim following

5151-421: The citizens of Malaysia more efficiently and support the broader 1Malaysia campaign. He has used the site to highlight his policy initiatives and to provide a forum for Malaysians to their government. The 1Malaysia campaign makes extensive use of social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. Research has suggested that Najib and UMNO have made extensive efforts to establish a favourable online presence through

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5252-454: The coalition's defeat in the 2018 general election . Najib was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1976, at the age of 23, replacing his deceased father in the Pahang -based seat of Pekan . In the same year, he was appointed the head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became a member of the youth wing's Executive Council. In the early years of his political career, Najib took on a deputy minister role in 1976, and between 1982 and 1986, he

5353-463: The confines of Islam and that Malaysia cannot defend the more "extreme aspect of human rights", such as gay, lesbian and transsexual rights. This prompted Human Rights Watch to suggest that Malaysia withdraw from the United Nations if the government was not serious about upholding human rights for all. In December 2015, the National Security Council Bill 2015 was passed in Parliament after

5454-416: The construction sector. Malaysia's central bank reported that Malaysia's economy grew at an annualised rate of 9.5% during the first half of 2010. Najib says the country is on track to meet the 6% average annual growth to reach its goal of becoming a developed country by 2020. Commenting on this same economic data Najib said that as of August 2010 there were no plans for further economic stimulus. Rather he said

5555-830: The corruption allegations by claiming that the RM 2.6 billion was a political donation, and replacing the Deputy Prime Minister, Muhyiddin Yassin , as well as other Ministers who had been critical of his leadership. Najib stated that the reason for this was to create a more "unified team". Najib stated in a speech in August 2015 at an international Islamic moderation seminar in Selangor , that he believed Malaysia should not support LGBT rights. Najib stated that his administration will do its best to uphold human rights but only within

5656-550: The cost of living include food, housing costs and energy. Energy costs include heating, light and cooking costs. In the United Kingdom, about 18% of an average home's energy costs relate to the cost of heating water . Employment contracts and pension benefits can be tied to a cost-of-living index, typically to the consumer price index (CPI). A COLA adjusts salaries based on changes in a cost-of-living index. Salaries are typically adjusted annually. They may also be tied to

5757-448: The cost of living. Such adjustments might more accurately be described as a per diem allowance or tied to a specific item, as with housing allowances. Employees who are being permanently relocated are less likely to receive such allowances, but may receive a base salary adjustment to reflect local market conditions. A non-taxable cost-of-living allowance is frequently given to members of the U.S. military stationed at overseas bases if

5858-558: The country to move beyond existing manufacturing capabilities through education, research and development to develop greater strength as a provider of sophisticated business services. After a poor showing by the ruling UMNO coalition in the elections of 8 March 2008 in which opposition parties gained control of five of thirteen Malaysian state governments, Badawi identified Najib as his intended successor. On 8 October 2008, Prime Minister Badawi announced he would step down in March 2009, paving

5959-558: The country's commercial banks beyond the existing 30%. One of Najib's first acts as Prime Minister was to release a few Internal Security Act detainees. On 8 May 2009 it was announced by the Malaysian Home Ministry that the remaining three Hindu Rights Action Front leaders and 10 others are to be freed from detention under the Internal Security Act. Najib disputes allegations that the release of

6060-539: The discussions involved heightening co-operation on tourism, oil and gas, and high-technology industries as well as electricity supply; Singapore, where the governments reviewed co-operation on enhanced transportation links, including a possible third bridge between Singapore and Malaysia; and Brunei, where Najib focused on border issues. In his first months in office, Najib has left broad policy statements to his new Foreign Minister, Datuk Anifah Aman, whose initial focus has been to re-emphasise Malaysia's long-time demand that

6161-472: The effects of the global economic downturn. The first stimulus package, worth RM 7 billion, was announced on 4 November 2008. The second package, worth RM 60 billion, was announced on 10 March 2009. Since assuming office as Prime Minister, Najib has been monitoring the progress of the stimulus packages on a weekly basis. Government economists believe that the stimulus packages have successfully generated increased economic activity, especially in

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6262-602: The first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption , and was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment and fined RM210 million. At the same time, Najib was also simultaneously directed to settle RM1.69 billion in tax arrears owed to the Inland Revenue Board (IRB). The sentence was upheld by the Federal Court on 23 August 2022. He is currently serving his sentence in Kajang Prison . Najib

6363-411: The first focused on the services sector, and the second on the financial services sector. On 23 April 2009, Najib announced immediate liberalisation of 27 services sub-sectors, covering health and social services, tourism services, transport services, business services and computer and related services accounting for 57 per cent of the total employment in Malaysia. Najib announced that the liberalisation

6464-424: The funds in his personal accounts were donations from a Saudi royal family member, which he said were used for political purposes and not for personal gain. However, investigations by various authorities in multiple countries, including the United States and Switzerland, uncovered evidence suggesting a different story. In 2018, Najib's political career faced a significant setback when his party, Barisan Nasional, lost

6565-470: The general elections to the Pakatan Harapan coalition. Subsequently, he faced legal charges related to the 1MDB scandal. 1Malaysia is an ongoing campaign announced by Najib on 16 September 2008, calling for the cabinet, government agencies, and civil servants to emphasise ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance. The eight values of 1Malaysia as articulated by Najib are perseverance,

6666-429: The government has also allocated RM 250.00 to single individuals. Those who have received RM 500.00 from the first BR1M project need not apply as it will be automatically processed. BR1M 4.0, which was announced in 2014, saw an increase in handouts from RM 650 to RM 950 for individuals earning less than RM 2,000.00, while households earning less than RM 4,000 will receive RM 750. Perumahan Rakyat 1Malaysia (PR1MA) Berhad

6767-591: The government would focus on improving Malaysia's economic fundamentals and increasing investment. The government of Malaysia has long been a strong supporter of the Palestinian cause against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank . Malaysia also supports unity between the Palestinian Fatah and Hamas factions. Najib visited the West Bank with his wife Rosmah Mansor , escorted by senior officers of

6868-406: The government would offer up to three new commercial banking licences in 2011 to world-class banks that can offer significant value propositions to Malaysia. The liberalisation measures were described as providing a mechanism to attract foreign capital by allowing foreign institutions to obtain up to 70 percent of the equity in any of these types of financial institutions in Malaysia. He also announced

6969-555: The government's commitment to punish negligent PLKN officials. French courts investigated allegations of corruption in the purchases of two Scorpène-class submarines, by the Malaysian Ministry of Defence in 2002, at a time when Najib was the minister of defence. The allegations are that Abdul Razak Baginda , an aide of Najib, received "commission" payments from the French submarine builder DCNS. Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa ,

7070-508: The grassroots movement Bersih . These protests culminated in the Malaysian Citizens' Declaration by Mahathir Mohamad , Pakatan Harapan and NGOs which sought to oust Najib. Najib's response to the corruption accusations was to tighten his grip on power by replacing then-deputy prime minister Muhyiddin Yassin , suspending two newspapers and pushing through parliament a controversial National Security Council Bill that provides

7171-434: The guiding principle for a national curriculum for early childhood education. He stated that the government had allocated an additional RM 145 million to facilitate the building of 150 childcare centres by Permata. There have been disagreements about the scrapping the use of English to teach maths and science in all schools which will begin in 2012 by Barisan Nasional partner parties MCA and Gerakan . They have called for

7272-545: The highest marginal tax rate . Consequently, the COLA will necessarily have to exceed the CPI inflation rate to maintain purchasing power. The widely recognized problem known as bracket creep can also occur in countries where the marginal tax brackets themselves are not indexed — COLA increases simply place more dollars into higher tax rate brackets. Only under a flat tax system would a percentage gain on gross income translate into

7373-408: The insurance industry. These additional steps were characterised by independent analysts as a significant liberalisation of previous rules designed to promote Malay control of the country's financial services sector, and as likely to strengthen Malaysia's ability to participate in global financial services developments, although some criticised Najib for not raising the foreign equity participation for

7474-601: The largest money-laundering and embezzlement scandals in history. He is the son of former prime minister Abdul Razak Hussein . Najib Razak was the chairman of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition from April 2009 to May 2018 and the president of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) from November 2008 to May 2018, which had maintained control of Malaysia's government with a parliamentary majority for more than sixty years until

7575-437: The liberalisation of rules on investment banks, insurance companies, and takaful operators, to give them the flexibility to enter into foreign strategic partnerships to enhance international linkages and business opportunities. He further stated that a higher foreign equity limit beyond 70 percent for insurance companies would be considered on a case-by-case basis for players who could facilitate consolidation and rationalisation of

7676-580: The lowest in Southeast Asia. The government also stated that education and health care would continue receiving state support. Malaysia has implemented substantial measures to attract foreign investment including a moderation of preferences designed to benefit ethnic Malays. Specifically these reforms include allowing foreign investors to hold majority stakes in most enterprises excluding "strategic" industries such as banking, telecommunications, and energy, easing insurance regulation, curtailing powers of

7777-422: The people. As Prime Minister, he has used the site as a communications portal to highlight his political and policy initiatives and to provide a location to solicit the opinions and policy goals of any Malaysians who choose to take part in the site. While Najib has personally emphasised the meaning of 1Malaysia as an effort to unify that which is common to all Malaysians, during the initial days of his new government,

7878-654: The person who gave [one of the bodyguards] the order to kill, but also his aide-de-camp, Musa Safri". In 2004, Mahathir retired and was replaced by his deputy, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi . Najib became Deputy Prime Minister and was given a broad portfolio of responsibilities, including oversight of FELDA , the Human Rights Commission (SUHAKAM), and the Election Commission (EC). Najib also chaired more than 28 cabinet committees. He remained as Minister for Defence. In September 2008, Najib became

7979-420: The policy to be retained in secondary schools. Former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, who opposes the move, used his blog to run a poll on the government's decision where out of the 26,000 who voted, about 80 per cent said they were against the reversal. Another poll on the issue, as part of the independent Merdeka Centre's survey on Prime Minister Najib Razak's first 100 days in office, showed that 58 per cent of

8080-465: The prime minister with unprecedented powers. Najib's various subsidy cuts have contributed to soaring living costs , while fluctuating oil prices and the fallout from the 1MDB scandal led to a depreciation of the Malaysian currency . These ended with BN's loss in the 2018 general elections . Najib then conceded defeat and promised to help facilitate a smooth transition of power. On 3 July 2018, Najib

8181-434: The recruitment and support of bloggers and other social media users, sometimes known as 'cybertroopers.' However, Najib has been criticised for an apparent deterioration of race relations in Malaysia during his tenure that has occurred despite the 1Malaysia programme. In 2014, the long-serving former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad withdrew his support for Najib citing, among other things, the abandonment by Chinese voters of

8282-656: The removal of bans on two opposition newspapers, Suara Keadilan and Harakahdaily, run by the opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim-led People's Justice Party and the Pan Islamic Party, respectively, and the release of 13 people held under the Internal Security Act. He pledged to conduct a comprehensive review of the much-criticised law which allows for indefinite detention without trial. In the speech, he emphasised his commitment to tackling poverty, restructuring Malaysian society, expanding access to quality education for all, and promoting renewed "passion for public service." In

8383-575: The respect for his father helped Najib win election unopposed as Member of Parliament at the very young age of 23. In 1986 Najib won re-election to the same seat. From 1982 to 1986 he was the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang, before holding various cabinet posts throughout the remainder of the 1980s and 1990s, including Defence and Education. In 2004 he became Deputy Prime Minister under Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi , and replaced him 2009. Under his leadership, Barisan Nasional won

8484-404: The students' welfare and morale; (3) moving from bureaucracy which made things difficult to one which made things simple and easy for the people; and (4) moving from a focus on productivity to one that combines productivity, creativity and innovation. On 10 April 2009, Najib introduced a series of key performance indicators (KPIs) to gauge the performance and achievements of his Cabinet to provide

8585-460: The top twenty but also home to eight cheapest cities of the cheapest ten. Larry Summers estimated in 2007 that the lower 80% of families were receiving $ 664 billion less income than they would be with a 1979 income distribution, or approximately $ 7,000 per family. Not receiving this income may have led many families to increase their debt burden, a significant factor in the 2007–2009 subprime mortgage crisis , as highly leveraged homeowners suffered

8686-644: The value of the CPI-W in the third quarter of the year (averaging the values from July, August, and September). COLAs can only increase benefits, so in deflationary years when the CPI-W drops there is no COLA. The Economist Intelligence Unit produces a semi-annual (twice yearly) worldwide cost of living survey that compares more than 400 individual prices across 160 products and services. They include food , drink, clothing, household supplies and personal care items, home rents, transport, utility bills, private schools, domestic help and recreational costs. The survey itself

8787-492: The way for Najib to succeed him. However he said the onus was on Najib to win party elections set for March before he could take over. Najib ran for the presidency of UMNO and went on to win on 2 November 2008, without contest. On 26 March 2009, Najib won the UMNO presidency unopposed. He was sworn in as Prime Minister of Malaysia on 3 April 2009 In 2012, Najib also assumed the role of women, family and community development minister,

8888-456: The workplace on the cost of establishment of the centre for a period of 10 years. In addition, he said the government would provide RM 80,000 grants to government agencies to provide childcare centres at agency workplaces for renovation and furnishing such centres. He announced that the government had formulated a National Policy for Early Childhood Education and Care developed by the country's Permata program, and had accepted Permata's curriculum as

8989-665: The youngest Menteri Besar in the state to enter office when he was sworn in at the age of 29. In 1986 he was appointed as Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports in the Cabinet of Mahathir Mohamad . He focused on improving Malaysian sports and introduced the National Sports Policy in 1988. In 1989 Malaysia achieved its best-ever performance at the South East Asia (SEA) Games, held in Kuala Lumpur. Najib

9090-420: Was a scheme devised by Najib Razak to help poor Malaysians. The amount of RM 500.00 Ringgit Malaysia was given to households with an income of less than RM 3,000 a month. The second BR1M Project, also known as BR1M 2.0, with more than 2.5 billion ringgit will be distributed to Malaysians nationwide. This will affect 5.7 million household all over the country. In addition to the RM 500.00 for household,

9191-406: Was alleged that billions of dollars were siphoned off from the 1MDB state investment fund, which Najib was closely associated with, into his personal accounts and those of his associates. These funds were purportedly used for various personal expenses, including luxury real estate, artwork, and even financing the production of Hollywood films. Najib consistently denied any wrongdoing and claimed that

9292-508: Was appointed head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became a member of UMNO Youth's Executive Council (Exco) in 1976. In 1981, he was selected as a member of UMNO's Supreme Council, before winning the post of Vice-President of UMNO Youth in 1982. On 26 October 1987, the then leader of the opposition, Lim Kit Siang , called for the Anti-Corruption Agency to investigate how Najib, who was then Pahang MB, could give approval for

9393-401: Was appointed president of UMNO Youth in 1988. By 1993, Najib was elected as one of six vice-presidents of UMNO in response to Anwar's decision to contest as the deputy president of UMNO. Najib continued to defend his post in party elections held in 1993, 1996, and 2004. In 1991, Mahathir appointed Najib as Minister of Defence . Under Najib's direction, Malaysian troops were deployed to assist

9494-639: Was arrested by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), which investigated how RM42 million (US$ 10.6 million) went from SRC International, a company related to 1MDB, into Najib's bank account. In the process, the police seized a number of fashion accessories worth $ 273 million while searching through his properties. Najib was subsequently charged and convicted by the High Court on abuse of power , money laundering and criminal breach of trust , becoming

9595-661: Was born on 23 July 1953 at the Pahang State Secretary official residence in Bukit Bius, Kuala Lipis , Pahang. Najib is the eldest of second Malaysian Prime Minister Abdul Razak 's six sons, and the nephew of the third PM Hussein Onn . His younger brother, Dato' Seri Mohd Nazir Abdul Razak , runs the country's second-largest lender, Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Bhd. Najib is also one of the Four Noblemen of

9696-400: Was created in the private sector, requiring government to ensure that its regulations promoted private sector capacity to generate wealth, rather than block it; (2) to move beyond evaluating success based on output to one based on outcome," he said, citing as example education where emphasis should be given not only to having enough schools and laboratories but also the overall success, including

9797-566: Was designed to attract foreign investment, and technology to create what he termed "higher value employment opportunities," and to enhance Malaysian competitiveness. The liberalisation included scrapping a 30 per cent Bumiputera ownership requirement for investment in some services sector to help boost the country's flagging economy, with immediate effect. Najib also announced that five foreign law firms would be allowed to offer services in Islamic finance. Independent analysts described these actions as

9898-462: Was established under the PR1MA Act 2012 to plan, develop, construct and maintain affordable lifestyle housing for middle-income households in key urban centres. Middle-income is defined as a monthly household (husband and wife) income of between RM 2,500 and RM 7,500. PR1MA will be the first organisation that exclusively targets this middle segment with homes ranging from RM 100,000 to RM 400,000 in

9999-439: Was published in March 2017. Singapore remains the most expensive city in the world for the fourth year running, in a rare occurrence where the entire top five most expensive cities were unchanged from the year prior. Sydney and Melbourne have both cemented their positions as top-ten staples, with Sydney becoming the fifth most expensive, and Melbourne becoming the sixth. Asia is home to more than five most expensive cities in

10100-435: Was sworn in on 7 May 2013 for a second term. His premiership ended after defeated of Barisan Nasional in 2018 Malaysian general election . After that he faces dozens of charges over his involvement in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal . Najib entered office with a clear focus on domestic economic issues and long-standing political reform questions. On his first day as Prime Minister, Najib announced as his first actions

10201-440: Was the Menteri Besar of Pahang . Thereafter, until 2009, he was rotated throughout the Cabinet of Malaysia , taking on various ministerial portfolios in defence, education, culture, youth and sports, and finally finance. Between 1993 and 2009, Najib was a vice-president of UMNO. During his tenure as Deputy Prime Minister, he was accused of being involved in the 2006 Altantuya Shaariibuu murder case , but he denied any involvement in

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