This is an accepted version of this page
77-624: The Nambudiri ( Malayalam pronunciation: [n̪ɐmbuːd̪iɾi] ), also transliterated as Nampoothiri , Nambūdiri , Namboodiri , Namboothiri and Nampūtiri , are a Malayali Brahmin caste, native to what is now the state of Kerala , India, where they constituted part of the traditional feudal elite. Headed by the Azhvanchery Thamprakkal Samrāṭ , the Nambudiris were the highest ranking caste in Kerala. They owned
154-621: A large portion of the land in the region of Malabar , and together with the Nair monarchs, the Nambudiris formed the landed aristocracy known as the Jenmimar , until the Kerala Land Reforms starting in 1957. The Nambudiris have traditionally lived in ancestral homes known as Illams and have been described by anthropologist Joan Mencher as, "A wealthy, aristocratic landed caste of the highest ritual and secular rank." Venerated as
231-557: A major railway in the state. Palakkad is well connected with all major cities. The NH 544 from Salem to Ernakulam passes through the city. NH 966 starts from Ramanattukara in Kozhikode and joins NH 544 at Chandranagar , one of the suburbs of the city. Other important roads are the Palakkad – Ponnani road which connects to NH 66 . SH 52 begins near Chandranagar , which connects to Pollachi , and SH 27 begins at
308-658: A moat, and a Hanuman temple on its grounds. North on the Kalpathy River , the 15th-century Viswanatha Swamy Temple is the main venue of the Ratholsavam chariot festival. The river Bharathappuzha flows through Palakkad. Palakkad is on the northern bank of Bharathappuzha River. Palakkad was included in the South Malabar region of Malabar District during the British Raj. The municipality of Palakkad
385-462: A tropical wet and dry climate. Temperatures remain moderate throughout the year, with the exception being March and April, the hottest months. A very high amount of precipitation is received in Palakkad, mainly due to the South-West monsoon. July is the wettest month, and the total annual rainfall is around 100 cm. The nearest international airport is Coimbatore International Airport , which
462-573: A vasthram. Nambudiris wore their traditional hair tufts ( kuṭumi or śikhā ) on the front like the Dikshitars of Tamil Nadu. Nambudiri Brahmin families practised a more strict version of primogeniture than Brahmin communities elsewhere in India. Under this custom, only the eldest son could marry a Nambudiri woman and thus produce an heir to the family property. Younger sons were restricted to sambandam relationships with non-Brahmin women, whom
539-480: Is 94.20 percent of which male and female literacy was 96.83 and 91.73 percent. The literacy rate of the Palakkad Metropolitan Area is 92.14%, much higher than the national average of 59.5%. Hindus form 68% of the population with 89098 members. Muslims constitute 27.9% of the population with 36620 members. Christians constitute 3.8% of the population with 5006 members. Palakkad city
616-536: Is Picking up and growing at a steady pace in recent years, Nowadays Palakkad city and the suburbs are witnessing a rapid amount of commercial and public development activities. The developments are mainly concentrated on the bypass roads, Both Stadium and Calicut bypass roads passing through the city are getting major commercial projects. Major national and international branded Retail chains, food chains, Restaurants, Hotels, Shopping complexes, Textiles, branded jewellers, and Vehicle Showrooms, are functioning in and around
693-488: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Palakkad Palakkad ( Malayalam: [pɐːlɐkːɐːɖɨ̆] ), also known as Palghat , historically known as Palakkattussery , is a city and municipality in the Indian state of Kerala . It is the administrative headquarters of Palakkad District . Palakkad is the most densely populated municipality and the fourth -most densely populated city in
770-426: Is a city where people from all religions live together with peace. Many temples, mosques churches and other religious centres are located in and around the city. Manappullikavu Vela is one of the largest fests that takes place in the city. It is hosted by 8 sets of committees or deshams. Large crowds gather in front of the fort for witnessing the fest. Elephants and fireworks are the highlights. Kalpathi Ratholsavam
847-508: Is about 62 kilometres (39 mi) from Palakkad. Cochin International Airport and Calicut International Airport serve the city as well. There has been a proposal for a mini domestic airport at East Yakkara with respect to setting up domestic airports for enhanced air connectivity by the civil aviation ministry of India. 60 acres has been identified for the project at East Yakkara Palakkad. The Palakkad railway division
SECTION 10
#1732780021462924-674: Is also a part of the Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency and elects a member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, every five years. The current MP is V. K. Sreekandan of the Indian National Congress. Collectorate of Palakkad district is located in the city. Many other offices including District Court Complex and District Panchayat Office are also in the city. Palakkad taluk office
1001-525: Is also home to Government Victoria College , one of the state's oldest institutes of higher education, opened in 1888, and NSS College of Engineering , the fourth engineering college in Kerala, opened in 1960. Mercy College is a women's college located in the city which was established in 1964. It is the first Women's college in the Palakkad District. Palakkad Railway Division of Southern Railway Zone , one of India's oldest Railway Divisions,
1078-432: Is also in civil station, and administers an area of 713 km with a population of 6,21,622, making it the district's most populous taluk . The city is the headquarters of Palakkad District Police. Mainly, three police stations serve the city: North, South, and Traffic police stations. Hemambika Nagar, Palakkad Kasaba, Malampuzha and Walayar Police Stations also serve the city. Kerala Armed Police 2 Battalion
1155-529: Is also inside the colony. The commonly held belief is that the name Palakkad is a fusion of two Malayalam words: pāla , which is the local name for blackboard tree ( Alstonia scholaris ), and kāṭŭ , which means forest . The region around Coimbatore was ruled by the Cheras during Sangam period between the first and fourth centuries CE and served as the eastern entrance to the Palakkad Gap ,
1232-465: Is an annual fest that takes place in Kalpathy , which is the first heritage village in Kerala. Chariot is the main attraction of the fest. There are also many other festivals in the city where people come and enjoy with unity by forgetting about religion. Heritage villages or mostly called by Agraharams are important as far as the city is concerned. There are around 24 heritage villages in and around
1309-418: Is certain that in theory hypergamy can cause a shortage of marriageable women in the lowest ranks of a caste and promote upwards social movement from the lower Nair subdivisions, the numbers involved would have been very small. It was not a common practice outside the higher subcaste groups and the Nambudiris had mostly stopped the practice by the 1920s. The form of Sanskrit theatre known as Koodiyattam , which
1386-402: Is headquartered here. A residential colony of the railway employees of Palakkad Railway Division known as Hemambika Nagar Railway Colony , one of the residential colonies under Southern Railway, is also near the office. The only school in the state run by Southern Railways is within the colony. Multi-Disciplinary Divisional Training Institute (MDDTI) for Group C and D employees of the division
1463-539: Is located in the city. The campus currently functions in two campuses-temporary one at Ahalia Campus and the Nila campus which are separated by 13 km. It is one of the five new IITs proposed in the 2014 Union budget of India . Government Medical College, Palakkad , started in 2014 is the first Government medical college in the district. It is the first medical college in country under Scheduled caste Development Department. NSS College of Engineering at Akathethara ,
1540-721: Is native to Kerala, was traditionally patronised by Nambudiris. Malayali Brahmin Malayali Brahmins ( Malayalam : മലയാളി ബ്രാഹ്മണർ , malayali brahmaner ; also known as Malayala Brahmanar ) or Kerala Brahmins are the group of Brahmins from the Indian state of Kerala . The proper Malayali brahmin castes are the Nambudiri , and the Potti . Pushpaka Brahmin , Nambeeshan , Nambidi , Chakyar , Ilyathu , etc., are other semi-Brahmin castes, which are part of
1617-625: Is one of biggest district hospitals in Kerala . There are also some private hospitals for serving the city. Rajiv Gandhi Co-Operative Multispeciality Hospital is a Cooperative Hospital located at Kallekkad , one of the suburbs of the city. Ahalia Campus is the largest edu-health campus in Kerala located about 18 km from centre of the city, consists of 3 hospitals and 1 medical college including Ahalia Foundation Eye Hospital , Ahalia Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital , Ahalia Diabetes Hospital and Ahalia Women and Children's Hospital . Palakkad
SECTION 20
#17327800214621694-536: Is one of the six administrative divisions of the Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways , is headquartered in the city. Railways played an important role in framing of the city. It was established on August 4, 1956, making one of oldest railway division in India. It manages 588 route kilometers of track in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Mahé (in the Union Territory of Puducherry). The city
1771-479: Is represented in the Kerala State Assembly by two elected members, one from Palakkad Assembly constituency and another from Malampuzha Assembly constituency . Palakkad Municipality forms part of Palakkad Assembly Constituency. As of 2021, Shafi Parambil is the representative of Palakkad Assembly Constituency and A. Prabhakaran is the representative of Malampuzha Assembly Constituency. The city
1848-404: Is served by two railway stations – Palakkad Junction is a broad gauge railway junction (at Olavakkode , about 4 km from Municipal bus stand) and Palakkad Town railway station in the heart of Palakkad city. Recently, pitline installation has been started at Town Railway Station and is expected to be completed by March 2025. By the completion of this project, it could make not only the city
1925-528: Is situated at Muttikulangara , one of the suburbs. District Armed Reserved Police Camp of Palakkad district is in Kallekkad , about 10 km from the centre of the city. The presence of Palakkad Gap and proximity to Coimbatore makes Palakkad economically important. British Physical Laboratories (BPL) was founded in 1963 in Palakkad. Market Road is one of the oldest and longest roads devoted to trade and commerce. It stretches from Melamuri Junction on
2002-407: Is the fourth Engineering Institution established in Kerala , India. It was founded in 1960 by Nair Service Society .The college is one among the only three Govt-Aided Engineering college in Kerala and is the first Govt-Aided Engineering college accredited by NBA of AICTE. Chembai Memorial Government Music College is one of the main center of excellence in teaching Carnatic music in the state. It
2079-414: Is the deputy chairman. The metropolitan area of Palakkad includes Palakkad Municipality, Hemambika Nagar , Marutharode , Mathur , Pirayiri , Pudussery West , Pudussery Central and Puthupariyaram . Its urban / metropolitan population is 293,566 of which 143,650 are males and 149,916 are females. The proposed Palakkad Municipal Corporation has an area of 197.566 km . Following local bodies are
2156-771: The Azhvanchery Thamprakkal and the Palakkad-Chittur areas were bought from them instead. The territory of Palakkad Rajas had been under the Zamorin of Calicut for sometime. In 1757, to resist the invasion of the Zamorin of Kozhikode , the Palakkad Raja sought the help of the Hyder Ali of Mysore . In 1766, Hyder Ali defeated the Zamorin of Kozhikode – an East India Company ally at
2233-574: The Ambalavasi community. They are not directly involved in priestly duties but rather engaged in non-priestly temple activities. Like ambalavasis, a higher section of Nairs which includes Pillais , Kurup and Nambiars comes under semi-brahmin class mostly engaged in Kshatriya functions, administrative duties and control over temples, who have similar rights of Ambalavasi community. This article about an Indian ethnicity or social group
2310-551: The British Indian Empire , along with the municipalities of Kozhikode , Kannur , Thalassery , and Fort Kochi , making them the first modern municipalities in the modern state of Kerala. At the time of 1951 Census of India , Palakkad was the second-largest city in the erstwhile Malabar District after Kozhikode . At that time only two towns in Malabar was treated as cities: Kozhikode and Palakkad. Following
2387-906: The Western Ghats . The city is in central Kerala. Malayalam is the official language in Palakkad. Two main tributaries of Bharathapuzha , Kalpathi River and Kannadi River flows through the city. Of the numerous dams in Palakkad district, the largest Malampuzha dam is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Palakkad city. Palakkad is about 347 kilometres (216 mi) northeast of Trivandrum ,144 kilometres (89 mi) of Kochi , 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu, 66 kilometres (41 mi) northeast of Thrissur , and 127 kilometres (79 mi) southeast of Kozhikode , which are mainly connected by National Highways , namely Salem - Kochi National Highway NH 544 , and Kozhikode -Palakkad National Highway NH 966 Palakkad has
Nambudiri - Misplaced Pages Continue
2464-622: The Brahmins who migrated through the Palakkad Gap . Anthropologists Heike Moser and Paul Younger note that the Nambudiri Brahmin presence predates the 9th century, as attested by grants of land given to them by ruling families. According to the historian Romila Thapar , local kings and chiefs encouraged them to move to the area by offering such tax-exempt land grants in return for them officiating in Vedic rites that would legitimise
2541-742: The Chief Priest at the Badrinath Temple , one of the holiest temples for Hindus. Furthermore, the spiritual leader of the Nambudiri Brahmins is given the title Azhvanchery Thamprakkal Samrāṭ , with the word "Samrāṭ" meaning "Emperor" in the Sanskrit language. Aside from holding rights over the sacred Guruvayur Temple , the presence and blessings of the Azhvanchery Thamprakkal was a ritual necessity during
2618-581: The Civil Station and connects to Meenakshipuram (Kerala-Tamil Nadu State Border). Palakkad City has four Bus Stations includes Palakkad KSRTC bus terminal and three Private Bus stands named Stadium Bus Stand , Municipal Bus stand, and Town Bus Stand. As per 2011 census, population of Palakkad is 130,955; of which male and female are 63,833 and 67,122 respectively. Total literates in Palakkad city are 112,479, of which 56,065 are males while 56,414 are females. The average literacy rate of Palakkad city
2695-583: The Municipality, The city has Fort Maidan also known as Kota Maidanam, is a multi-use stadium in the center of the Palakkad, India. It is currently used mostly for cricket matches. Fort Maidan holds a maximum capacity of 10,000 people at a time. Up until 2002 the ground was considered for local cricket only. In 2003, Ranji Trophy was introduced in Fort Maidan. The city has an indoor stadium located near Government Victoria College, Palakkad with
2772-470: The Nair aspirational culture whereby they would seek to improve their status within the caste. Furthermore, that: ... among the higher-ranking Nayars (and Kshatriyas and Samantans) in contradistinction to the "commoner" Nayars, no two subdivisions admitted to equal status. Thus the relations set up by the tali-rite [ie: the thalikettu kalyanam ] and the sambandham union were always hypergamous. Although it
2849-594: The Nambudiris brought with them a very early recension of the Mahabharata which became the basis of the Malayalam language version of the epic. There are lots of theories as to how Nambudiri Brahmins came to settle in Kerala, the commonly accepted point of view is that they moved in from North India via Tulu Nadu or Karnataka . Another theory based on the retention of Mahabharata types as memorized by different Brahmin communities points to Tamil Nadu as
2926-441: The Nambudiris considered to be concubines and whose offspring could not inherit. This tradition limited the extent of marriage within their own caste and led to the practice of hypergamy with the Nair community. Kathleen Gough notes that: These hypergamous unions were regarded by Brahmans as socially acceptable concubinage , for the union was not initiated with Vedic rites, the children were not legitimized as Brahmans, and neither
3003-441: The Nambudiris could be found in all matters related to Kerala , including religion, politics, society, economics and culture. Operating from their illam houses, Nambudiris' ownership of agricultural land under the janmi system increased over many centuries and, according to Moser and Younger, they "established landholding temples and taught the people the rules of caste". The Nambudiris have been described to be responsible for
3080-530: The Sanskrit influence on Malayalam , a Dravidian language, due to the Nambudiri Brahmin's mixing of Sanskrit and the local Tamil language. Medieval Kerala has been characterised as an oligarchy which was dominated by the Nambudiris, who owned all the temples and their subsidiary villages. The Nambudiris had influence with the ruling class through the practice of sambandam , where younger Nambudiris used to have relationships with Kshatriya women or women from
3157-546: The area, sociologist Randall Collins thinks it is unlikely that such a change could be imposed and says that "more probably it was the result of a process of marriage politics spread by emulation in the decentralised situation of status competition." Some other scholars believe that the matrilineal customs predate the period entirely and cite the queens of the Pandyan dynasty as evidence for this. The unwillingness of Nambudiris to adapt to changes in wider society persisted until
Nambudiri - Misplaced Pages Continue
3234-405: The base from which they migrated to Kerala via the Palakkad Gap , which is also the largest opening in the southern Western Ghats , and settled around the river Bharathappuzha . The region around Coimbatore near Karnataka - western Tamil Nadu border was ruled by the Cheras during Sangam period between 1st and the 4th centuries CE and it served as the eastern entrance to the Palakkad Gap ,
3311-427: The carriers of the Sanskrit language and ancient Vedic culture, the Nambudiris held more power and authority than the kings and were "above and outside the political systems of the kingdoms." Nambudiri mythology associates their immigration to Kerala from the banks of Narmada , Krishna , Kaveri rivers with the legendary creation of Kerala by Parashurama , the sixth avatar of Vishnu . According to this legend,
3388-426: The centre of the city consisting of a number of educational institutions and medical institutes. It has three hospitals, one medical college, one school and five colleges which includes an engineering college, college of pharmacy, college of optometry, college of paramedical sciences and college of management. Basel Evangelical Mission Higher Secondary School , located in the city was established in 1858 making it one of
3465-467: The city where the Tamil Brahmins migrated from parts Tamil Nadu many years before live together. A Jain temple is located at Jainamedu , one of the suburbs of the city and is one of the few places in Kerala where the vestiges of Jainism in Kerala have survived. Sree Emoor Bhagavathy temple located at Kallekulangara , another suburb of the city is believed to be consecrated by Parasurama for
3542-400: The city. Palakkad has a rich history of producing some world class athletes in the state, Palakkad, Indira Gandhi Municipal Stadium in the center of city was once used for Major sports meets and football matches in state, now the stadium is not in condition for conducting games due to the lack of maintenance, There is a proposal for the renovation of the stadium with international facilities by
3619-520: The city. Local news channels like (ACV) are also functioning in the city. Palakkad Press Club is located on Robinson road, Sultanpet. A private FM Station operating in Palakkad at Ahalya Campus. There is a long-term demand for setting up a government FM Station in Palakkad. At present total number of 8 cinema halls are operational in Palakkad which screens Malayalam , English, Tamil , and Hindi movies, there are few other multiplex screens are under construction and expect to open near future in and around
3696-704: The city. There are many housing colonies consisting of Villas and apartments also present in Palakkad City and its suburbs. On 3 July 1866, the Governor of Madras declared Palakkad as a city. The municipality of Palakkad was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865. (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850). On 11 September 1912, the system of electing the city father by
3773-462: The coronation of the Zamorin , the Nair king of Kozhikode . They have historically been distinguished by rare practices such as the adherence to Śrauta ritualism , the Pūrva-Mīmāṁsā school of Hindu philosophy and orthodox traditions, as well as many idiosyncratic customs that are unique among Brahmins , including primogeniture . Cyriac Pullapilly mentions that the dominating influence of
3850-428: The councillors began. City Council expanded to 28 wards in 1938, 32 wards in 1973 and 36 wards in 1978. During the period 1995–98 and in 2015 when Municipality celebrated 150 years, there were proposals to upgrade Palakkad Municipality to a Municipal Corporation. Palakkad Municipality has 52 wards now, headed by Municipal Chairperson. The current Chairperson of Palakkad Municipality is K.Priya Ajayan and E. Krishnadas
3927-503: The early years of the 20th century but Susan Bayly believes that their decline in significance can be traced to the period 1729-1748 when Marthanda Varma established the Kingdom of Travancore and chose to use Iyer and Deshastha Brahmins from Tamil Nadu in his civil service. She believes that decision undermined the relationship between the Nambudiri Brahmins and royalty in the region, although others have said that Varma's influence
SECTION 50
#17327800214624004-622: The expanding British East India Company , resulting in two of the four Anglo-Mysore Wars . Tipu ultimately ceded the Malabar District and South Kanara to the company in the 1790s as a result of the Third Anglo-Mysore War and the subsequent Treaty of Seringapatam ; both were annexed to the Bombay Presidency (which had also included other regions in the western coast of India) of British India in
4081-517: The formation of the state of Kerala in 1956, the erstwhile Taluk of Palakkad in Malabar District was divided into three: Palakkad, Alathur , and Chittur . Chittur and few areas of Alathur was part of Cochin Kingdom. and Palakkad district was formed by taking parts of Malabar District and Cochin Kingdom . Palakkad is the gateway to Kerala due to the presence of the Palakkad Gap in
4158-548: The front, T.P Mahadevan proposes that they are the descendants of these Sangam age Brahmins who moved west into the region of Malabar during the Kalabhra interregnum, with those remaining behind in what is today Tamil Nadu composing the Śōḻiya Brahmins. This sets them apart from the later Aparaśikhā Brahmin (wearing their hair tufts on the back) migrants to South India such as the Tamil Iyers . According to T.P Mahadevan,
4235-472: The grantors' status as rulers. They also gained land and improved their influence over the socio-economic life of the region by helping rulers during the wars between the Chola and Chera dynasties when Vedic schools were turned into military academies. Adi Shankara , one of the most revered Vedic scholars of Hinduism, was a Nambudiri ascetic who initiated the protocol of permitting only Nambudiris to lead as
4312-621: The landholdings, inheritance customs and marriage arrangements of both the Nambudiris and Nairs. The traditional basis of life was challenged by these and other changes, affecting also the other major ethnic groups of the area, such as the Ezhavas and the Syrian Christians . Like others, the desire for social reform went strong among the Nambudiris which led to the formation of the Yogakshema movement in 1908 in order to agitate for
4389-435: The local bodies which supposed to be the part. The city of Palakkad has number of Prominent Educational Institutions which provide a great platform for higher education. Government Victoria College, Palakkad was established in the year 1866, making it one of the oldest institution of higher learning in Kerala. First and the only Indian Institute of Technology in the state of Kerala , Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad
4466-699: The marriage of all the junior males within the community itself. It also focused on popularising the English language study and abolishing the Purdah system among the Nambudiri females. The Nambudhiri Brahmins are a super-minority community in Kerala. According to the 1901 Census reports, they represent 0.47% of the total population of Nambudiris within Kerala. They are dominant and highly influential in British Malabar , where they account for more than 66% of
4543-543: The oldest Nambudiri settlements of Kerala are situated around the River Bharathappuzha . The Kingdom of Tanur , Kingdom of Valluvanad , Perumpadappu Swaroopam , and the kingdom of Palakkad , located around the river Bharathappuzha , were once strongholds of Nambudiris. The introduction of Grantha script which later got evolved into Malayalam script , and the evolution of Malayalam language through Sanskritisation of Middle Tamil are highly related to
4620-563: The oldest known rituals, was maintained by Nambudiri Brahmins until at least 1975. Although it may have largely died out elsewhere in India and thus be symptomatic of the community's resistance to change, David Knipe notes that it is still performed regularly in Andhra Pradesh and has been for centuries. Traditionally, they wore a simple cloth around the waist called a thorthu (or thortumundu ), in domestic settings. When they had to travel, they wore two sets of cloth in addition known as
4697-528: The oldest schools in Kerala. Government Moyan Model Girls Higher Secondary School located in College Road was founded in 1917 and is one of the largest government schools in the state and one of the schools having large strength of students studying. First government medical college in the district ( Government Medical College, Palakkad ) is located in the city. District Hospital located in Court Road
SECTION 60
#17327800214624774-408: The practice of strict primogeniture and patrilineal inheritance. Despite their younger members having hypergamous relationships with Nairs , whose caste traditions were matrilineal , Nambudiri families remained aloof from general society. Although the historian E. K. Pillai has claimed that the Nambudiris from the 1100s enforced matrilineal polyandry on the previously patrilineal communities of
4851-635: The principal trade route between the Malabar Coast and Tamil Nadu . Palakkad city was ruled by the Palakkad Rajas ( Tarur Swaroopam ). Palakkad Raja had the right over the Taluks of Palakkad, Alathur , and Chittur . Chittur Taluk was part of Cochin Kingdom. The original headquarters of Palakkad Raja s were at Athavanad , Tirur Taluk , in present-day Malappuram district . It is said that their lands at Athavanad area were given to
4928-539: The principal trade route between the Malabar Coast and Tamil Nadu . The Azhvanchery Thamprakkal , who were the titular head of all Nambudiri Brahmins of Kerala, originally had right over parts of present-day Palakkad Taluk. Later they moved westwards along the River Bharathappuzha and settled around the river. Finally the Azhvanchery Thamprakkal bought Athavanad- Tirunavaya region in present-day Tirur Taluk and gave Palakkad to Palakkad Raja s ( Tarur Swaroopam ) who were originally from Athavanad region. Many of
5005-560: The region was created when Parashurama threw his axe into the sea Although it is known that the present-day region of Kerala was once governed by the Chera dynasty , little information exists regarding its early ethnography. Brahmin presence in the Tamil country is attested from the Sangam period onward. Based on the fact that Nambudiris are Pūrvaśikhā Brahmins wearing the traditional hair tuft on
5082-433: The safety of Kerala. Holy Trinity English Church located near Palakkad Fort was established in the year 1855. The only Urdu Juma Masjid in Kerala is located at Diara Street. Some of the major Malayalam and English newspapers from Kerala including Malayala Manorama , Mathrubhumi , Deshabhimani , and Suprabhaatham Daily have printing centers in the city, and there are also few evening newspapers published in
5159-458: The state. It was established before Indian independence under British rule and known by the name Palghat. Palakkad is famous for the ancient Palakkad Fort , which is in the heart of the city and was captured and rebuilt by Hyder Ali in 1766 which later fell into the hands of Zamorin in 1784. The city is about 347 kilometres (216 mi) northeast of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram . The 18th-century Palakkad Fort has sturdy battlements,
5236-442: The time – and absorbed Kozhikode into his state. The Hyder Ali rebuilt Palakkad Fort in 1766. The smaller princely states in northern and north-central parts of Kerala ( Malabar District ) including Kolathunadu , Kottayam , Kadathanadu , Kozhikode , Tanur , Valluvanad , and Palakkad were unified under Mysore and were made a part of the larger Kingdom of Mysore . His son and successor, Tipu Sultan , launched campaigns against
5313-618: The total population of Nambudiris in Kerala. Most of them reside in the Palakkad and Kozhikode districts of South Malabar and the Kannur district of North Malabar . A small Population is also found in Cochin and Travancore Kingdom . The following Vedic recensions are attested among them. The ancient Vedic ritual of Agnicayana (the altar of fire), which spans a 12-day period and which Frits Staal and Robert Gardner claim to be one of
5390-419: The upper sections of the Nair caste. The children of such unions were not considered Nambudiris, but a part of their matrilocal lineages. As a result of such unions, many kings and ruling chiefs in Kerala would be the offspring of Nambudiri fathers. These arrangements allowed the Nambudiris to gain political power in addition to religious and cultural dominance. The Nambudiri's grip on land was maintained through
5467-1010: The west to Shakunthala Junction on the east, covering 3 km, and was Palakkatussery's commercial centre and a major marketplace. This stretch of the city is known as Valiyangadi or Big Bazaar. Many wholesale shops are along this road. Kanjikode area of Palakkad city is second largest industrial hub in Kerala after Kochi . Kanjikode has many companies like Indian Telephone Industries Limited (ITI), Instrumentation Limited, Fluid Control Research Institute(FCRI), Saint-Gobain India Private Limited (formerly SEPR Refractories India Private Limited) , Patspin India Ltd, Pepsi, PPS steel (Kerala) PVT Ltd, United Breweries , Empee Distilleries, Marico, Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML), Rubfila International Ltd, Sitics Logistics, Arya Vaidya Pharmacy, Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala have production facilities. There are also many other steel manufacturing units and other production centres making it second largest industrial area in Kerala . The commercialization of Palakkad city
5544-404: The woman nor her child was accorded the rights of kin. By the matrilineal castes, however, the same unions were regarded as marriage, for they fulfilled the conditions of ordinary Nayar marriage and served to legitimize the child as an acceptable member of his matrilineal lineage and caste." The disparity in caste ranking in a relationship between a Brahmin man and a Nair woman meant that the woman
5621-404: The years 1792 and 1799, respectively. Later in 1800, both of the Malabar District and South Canara were separated from Bombay presidency to merge them with the neighbouring Madras Presidency . Palakkad was under British Raj until 1947. The municipality of Palakkad was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850) of
5698-476: Was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850) of the British Indian Empire, along with the municipalities of Kozhikode , Kannur , Thalassery , and Fort Kochi , making them Kerala's oldest modern municipalities. Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad is the first and only Indian Institute of Technology in Kerala. It
5775-494: Was given the name of the legendary Carnatic musician Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar from Palakkad. Mercy College is a women's college located in the city which was established in 1964. It is the first Women's college in the Palakkad District. The college is organized by the University Grants Commission . Ahalia Campus is the largest Edu-health campus in Kerala. It is located about 18 km from
5852-669: Was short-lived and that the main cause of change was the influence of British diplomats who worked with the Travancore Maharaja in the 19th century. After the passing of the Charter Acts of 1833 and 1853 in the British Parliament, the British encouraged the work of Christian missionaries, notably in provision of education, and began the introduction of a judicial system that would have a significant impact on
5929-457: Was unable to live with her husband(s) in the Brahmin family and so remained in her own family. The children resulting from such marriages always became Nairs. K. M. Panikkar argues that it is this type of relationship that resulted in the matrilineal and matrilocal system. It has also been argued that the practice, along with judicious selection of the man who tied the thali , formed a part of
#461538