90-543: Vishwanath Patekar (born 1 January 1951), better known as Nana Patekar , is an Indian actor, film maker, and a former Indian Territorial Army officer, mainly working in Hindi and Marathi cinema . Widely regarded as one of the finest and most influential actors in Indian Cinema , Patekar is recipient of three National Film Awards , four Filmfare Awards and two Filmfare Awards Marathi for his acting performances. He
180-663: A Walt Disney Pictures production, starred Lupita Nyong'o and David Oyelowo and was based on the story of Ugandan chess prodigy Phiona Mutesi . Nair's short films include A Fork, a Spoon and a Knight, inspired by the Nelson Mandela quote, ″Difficulties break some men but make others.″ She contributed to 11'09"01 September 11 (2002) in which 11 filmmakers reacted to the events of 11 September 2001. Other titles include How Can It Be? (2008), Migration (2008), New York, I Love You (2009) and her collaboration with, among others, Emir Kusturica and Guillermo Arriaga on
270-471: A 2021 report, approximately 75 percent of TA units are deployed in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism -prone areas in these regions. Since 1994, many TA soldiers serve as regular troops in counter-insurgency areas like Jammu and Kashmir for up to three years. The TA participated in rescue and relief operations following the 2001 Gujarat earthquake and protected oil installations in Vadodara during
360-695: A 65-to-75-percent survival rate. In 2020, plans to increase the presence of TA personnel in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands were made due to concerns about Chinese intrusion. On the night of 29 June 2022, a landslide occurred at the company location of 107 Infantry Battalion (TA) near Tupul railway station in Manipur that had been deployed to protect the under-construction Jiribam–Imphal line ; 31 TA personnel died. The family of each TA serviceperson received more than ₹1 crore in compensation and benefits, and future benefits for their children. Until 2020,
450-404: A Boylston Prize for her performance of Jocasta 's speech from Seneca 's Oedipus . Nair commented on film-making in a 2004 interview with FF2 Media's Jan Huttner: It’s all in how I do it. Keeping the buns on the seats is very important to me. It requires that ineffable thing called rhythm and balance in movie-making. Foils have to be created, counter-weights. From the intimacy, let’s say, of
540-731: A carpet-cleaner business owner (Washington) who falls in love with the daughter (Choudhury) of one of his Indian clients. The film revealed the evident prejudice in African-American and Indian communities. Like Salaam Bombay! , the film was well received by critics, earned a standing ovation at the Sundance Film Festival in 1992, and won three awards at the Venice Film Festival . Nair went on to direct four more films before she produced one of her most notable films, Monsoon Wedding . Released in 2001,
630-504: A collaboration with Nair's Maisha Film Lab, and offers opportunities for international students to work together and share their interests in film-making. In July 2020, journalist Ellen Barry announced that her Pulitzer Prize -nominated story "The Jungle Prince of Delhi" about the " royal family of Oudh ", published in The New York Times , would be adapted into a web series for Amazon Studios by Nair. In March 2021 it
720-651: A complaint by Dutta late on Wednesday night. Patekar, choreographer Ganesh Acharya, director Rakesh Sarang and producer Samee Siddiqui were booked for molestation and obscenity under the Indian Penal Code (IPC). In June 2019, Patekar was cleared of the sexual harassment charges. The B-Summary report filed by the Oshiwara police station in Mumbai said that the complaint filed by Dutta could be "malicious" and "out of revenge". Dutta said that her lawyers may approach
810-405: A convent, following which she left to attend Loreto Convent, Tara Hall, Shimla , an Irish-Catholic missionary school, where she developed an infatuation with English literature. Following Tara Hall, Nair went on to study at Miranda House at Delhi University , where she majored in sociology. In order to gain the best education available, Nair applied for transfer to Western schools and, at 19, she
900-578: A crime lord in the crime drama Parinda (1989), which earned him his first National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor and his first Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. He then turned director for his film Prahaar: The Final Attack (1991), co-starring Madhuri Dixit , for which he underwent training for his role as an Indian Army officer. His role in Angaar (1992) earned him his first Filmfare Award for Best Villain . He co-starred alongside Shah Rukh Khan , Juhi Chawla and Amrita Singh in
990-418: A customer who regularly visited a local strip club while his wife stayed at home. Nair raised roughly $ 130,000 for the project. The 59-minute film was shot over a span of two months. It was criticized by Nair's family. Her fourth and last documentary, made for Canadian television , explored how amniocentesis was being used to determine the sex of fetuses. Released in 1987, Children of a Desired Sex exposed
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#17328014872181080-572: A film, she has the cast and crew start the day with a yoga session. In July 2013, Nair declined an invitation to the Haifa International Film Festival as a "guest of honor" to protest Israel's policies toward Palestine . In postings on her Twitter account, Nair stated "I will go to Israel when the walls come down. I will go to Israel when occupation is gone...I will go to Israel when the state does not privilege one religion over another. I will go to Israel when Apartheid
1170-862: A ghost in the children's film Abhay (1994), post which he co-starred with Rishi Kapoor in Hum Dono (1995). He played a sadist husband in Agni Sakshi (1996), which earned him his second National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor, a deaf father to Manisha Koirala in Khamoshi: The Musical (1996), both of which earned him two nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor, a gangster in Ghulam-E-Mustafa (1997), an honest, but maverick cop in Yeshwant (1997) and
1260-423: A group of workers in an electrical products factory in Mumbai who took time off to laugh during their coffee break. In 1983 with her friend, Sooni Taraporevala , Nair co-wrote Salaam Bombay! . Using her documentary film-making and acting experience, Nair sought out real "street children" to more authentically portray the lives of children who survived in the streets and were deprived of a true childhood. Though
1350-425: A love scene to the visceral, jugular quality of war. That shift is something in the editing, how one cuts from the intimate to the epic that keeps you there waiting. The energy propels you. Nair said to Image Journal in 2017 that she chose directing over any other art form because it was collaborative. "That’s why I am neither a photographer nor writer," she said. "I like to work with people, and my strength, if any,
1440-587: A powerful crime lord in Mumbai who once desired to be an actor in films. He later acted in Sangeeth Sivan's film Ek (2009). He started the 2010s portraying a school headmaster in Paathshaala (2010). He also acted in Prakash Jha 's multi-starrer political drama Raajneeti (2010), which earned him his fifth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2011, he starred in
1530-618: A retired stage actor. He won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor (Marathi) for his performance in the film. Nana Patekar was born Vishwanath Patekar, into a Marathi family in Murud-Janjira, in the present-day Raigad District, Maharashtra . He is an alumnus of the Sir J.J. Institute of Applied Art , Mumbai . Patekar made his debut with Gaman (1978), after which he did several small roles in Marathi cinema . He portrayed Nathuram Godse in
1620-764: A schizophrenic in Wajood (1998). He co-starred with Amitabh Bachchan in Kohram (1999), where he played an undercover Indian Army intelligence officer chasing Bachchan's incognito. His other notable films of this decade were Yugpurush (1998) and Hu Tu Tu (1999). He starred with Aditya Pancholi as the CBI director in the crime drama Tarkieb (2000). After a hiatus of a year he returned to acting in Shakti: The Power (2002) in which he played an extremely violent father, which earned him his second nomination for
1710-737: A supporting role in the Tamil language action film Kaala (2018), starring Rajnikanth . It was moderately successful at the box office . After appearing in It's My Life (2020) and Tadka (2022), in 2023, Patekar headlined Vivek Agnihotri directed The Vaccine War , which tells about the development of Covaxin during the COVID-19 pandemic in India . The film was a commercial and critical failure but Patekar's performance received high praise as Renuka Vyavahare of The Times of India wrote "Nana Patekar
1800-548: Is a fifty-two-minute film that followed an Indian newspaper dealer living in the subways of New York, while his pregnant wife waited for him to return home. This film was recognized as a Best Documentary winner at the American Film Festival and New York's Global Village Film Festival. Her third documentary, India Cabaret , released in 1984, revealed the exploitation of female strippers in Bombay , and followed
1890-635: Is an Indian-American filmmaker based in New York City . Her production company, Mirabai Films , specializes in films for international audiences on Indian society, whether in the economic, social or cultural spheres. Among her best known films are Mississippi Masala , The Namesake , the Golden Lion –winning Monsoon Wedding , and Salaam Bombay! , which received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and
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#17328014872181980-664: Is carried out on weekends and holidays. Four hours of training is counted as one day. The Territorial Army has a multi-purpose stadium in Amravati , Maharashtra , called the Territorial Army Parade Ground , which was formerly known as Reforms Club Ground, that hosts mostly cricket matches. TA personnel engage in sporting activities such as volleyball and basketball. They also participate in army shooting competitions and conduct competitions such as TA inter-battalion football and volleyball events. In 2016,
2070-542: Is how he developed his love for acting. Vijaya Mehta directed his first play. Patekar lives in Andheri, Mumbai in 1BHK apartment. Patekar was commissioned as a Captain in the Indian Territorial Army in 1990, after undergoing a three-year training period to prepare for the movie Prahaar , and worked with General V. K. Singh , who had the rank of Colonel at that time and had a cameo appearance. During
2160-499: Is outstanding but the film reduces itself to being a government mouthpiece parading as a medical drama." Patekar did some playback singing in the films Yeshwant (1997), Wajood (1998) and Aanch (2003). Patekar married Neelkanti at age 27. His father died of a heart attack when Nana was 28 and later Patekar also lost his first son. Patekar was a chain smoker until he quit at the age of 56. In an interview, he said that his father loved plays and encouraged him to watch them. This
2250-554: Is over. I will go to Israel, soon. I stand w/ Palestine for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel (PACBI) & the larger Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) Mov’t." Nair was subsequently praised by PACBI, which stated that her decision to boycott Israel "helps to highlight the struggle against colonialism and apartheid." She subsequently tweeted "I will go to Israel, soon." Documentary films TV movies Feature films Nominated - BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in
2340-479: Is that. Working with life." At the start of her film-making career, Nair primarily made documentaries in which she explored Indian cultural tradition. For her film thesis at Harvard between 1978 and 1979, Nair produced a black-and-white film titled Jama Masjid Street Journal . In the eighteen-minute film, Nair explored the streets of Old Delhi and had casual conversations with Indian locals. In 1982, she made her second documentary titled So Far from India , which
2430-558: Is threatened and to provide units for regular army as and when required". At the time of its inception, the TA was well received by the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force, but the concept was eroded and confined to some infantry and departmental units of the Indian Army. Former Indian Army colonel and columnist Balwan Singh Nagial wrote the "expansion of the regular army certainly overshadowed the concept of TA. Instead, it should have happened
2520-533: The Army Act, 1950 , which defines regular army as "regular army means officers, junior commissioned officers, warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and other enrolled persons who, by their commission, warrant, terms of enrolment or otherwise, are liable to render continuously for a term military service to the [Indian] Union in any part of the world, including persons belonging to the Reserve Forces and
2610-805: The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . Mira Nair was born on 15 October 1957 in Rourkela , Orissa , India, and grew up with her two older brothers and parents in Bhubaneswar . Her father, Amrit Lal Nair, was an officer of the Indian Administrative Service and her mother, Parveen Nayyar, is a social worker who often focused on children. She lived in Bhubaneswar until age 18, and attended
2700-640: The Chief of Defence Staff under the Department of Military Affairs of the Ministry of Defence . The TA has two units—a departmental unit consisting of employees of public sector undertakings (PSU) and the Indian Railway and ex-servicemen; and a non-departmental unit consisting of privately employed civilians. The TA has participated in all of India's wars since the country's independence, including
2790-1216: The First World War . Subsequently, the VFI was restructured and replaced by the Indian Defence Force (IDF). The IDF, organized into separate European and Indian sections, was established by the Imperial Legislative Council on 9 October 1917 with the aim of releasing regular troops from garrison duties during World War I. Indians served as volunteers, while Europeans were conscripted . The Indian Defence Force Act of 1917 mandated military service for all European males (except clergy) aged 16 to 50 permanently residing in British India , including princely states. Those aged 16 to 18 were obligated to undergo training, while men over 40 were required to serve in their local districts. Men between 19 and 40 were obligated to serve wherever needed within British India. The IDF's youth wing , known as
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2880-635: The Indian Air Force , named the Indian Territorial Force; and passage of the Indian Territorial Force Act. As per Army Order. 77/1984, the present role of the TA is to "relieve the regular army from static duties and assist civil administration in dealing with natural calamities and maintenance of essential services in situations where life of the communities is affected or the security of the country
2970-491: The Indian Army . It consists of officers , junior commissioned officers , non-commissioned officers and other personnel who hold ranks identical to those in the Indian Army, and also maintains civilian occupations. The primary role of the TA is to "relieve the regular army from static duties and assist civil administration in dealing with natural calamities and maintenance of essential services" and to "provide units for
3060-552: The Indian Oil Corporation . In 1985, the unit's scope was extended to other oil companies. The idea of raising oil-sector units was mooted after civil unrest in Assam in 1980, which resulted in a loss of more than ₹5,000 crore in oil production. The duties of oil-sector units are technical in nature. During their embodied service in the TA, these personnel perform the jobs they were doing in their civilian roles. In
3150-747: The Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the British Crown assumed control of Indian administration from the East India Company. Existing part-time forces were reorganized, resulting in the creation of the Volunteer Force (VFI) through legislation. As British rule expanded in India, full-time regular forces gained prominence. The VFI engaged in military conflicts both in India and abroad, including the Second Boer War and
3240-868: The Jamalpur regiment for operational duties along the critical, 361-kilometre (224-mile) New Jalpaiguri-Siliguri-Newmal-Alipurduar-Rangiya rail link through the Siliguri Corridor and to Rangiya as proposed by the Ministry of Defence. The disbandment process was to be completed by the DGTA within nine months. Several hospitals are affiliated with the Territorial Army, such as General Hospital (TA) at Kolkata , Allahabad , Jaipur , Patiala , Guwāhāti , Ahmadabad , and Rohtak . These units are activated to treat army personnel during wartime. In 2009,
3330-629: The Kargil War in 1999, Patekar also lent his services in the Maratha Light Infantry regiment as a Major , operating on the Bofors Howitzer Guns. He retired in 2013 at the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. In 2008, Tanushree Dutta accused Patekar of sexually harassing her on the sets of the movie Horn 'Ok' Pleassss . In March 2008, she filed a complaint with 'CINTAA' (Cine & TV Artists Association) but no action
3420-600: The Me Too movement coming to Bollywood . Subsequently, she complained to the Maharashtra Women Commission and demanded an investigation into the allegations of harassment levelled by her against Patekar, Ganesh Acharya , producer Samee Siddiqui, director Rakesh Sarang, and several Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) party workers. In the late hours of 1 October 2018, An FIR was registered against Patekar and three others at Oshiwara police station following
3510-573: The Naam Foundation , with fellow Marathi actor Makarand Anaspure , which works to provide aid to farmers overcome by drought conditions in Maharashtra. Using a Twitter campaign with the hashtag IcareIsupport, Patekar was able to obtain funds to help Maharashtra drought victims. Territorial Army (India) The Territorial Army ( TA ) is a military reserve force composed of part-time volunteers who provide support services to
3600-535: The National Film Award for Best Actor and the Filmfare Award for Best Actor . Further acclaim came his way for Agni Sakshi (1996), for which he won his second National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor; and Khamoshi: The Musical (1996). During the early 2000s, he received praise for his performances in Shakti: The Power (2002), Ab Tak Chhappan (2004) and Apaharan (2005);
3690-801: The Sino-Indian War of 1962, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 , Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the Kargil War . The TA has participated in all wars since independence; subsequently, many of its air defence and artillery units were converted into regular army units. The TA also took part in Operation Pawan (1987) in Sri Lanka , Operation Rakshak in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir , and Operation Rhino (1991) and Operation Bajrang (1990–1991) in Northeast India . Departmental units assisted
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3780-618: The Sino-Indian War of 1962, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 , Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 , and the Kargil War . The TA has also taken part in Operation Pawan (1987) in Sri Lanka , Operation Rakshak in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir , Operation Rhino (1991) and Operation Bajrang (1990–1991) in Northeast India , and Operation Parakram in Jammu and Kashmir. Individuals seeking to join the TA must be employed in mainstay civilian professions or be self-employed. Members are required to undergo two months of mandatory paid service every year. Although
3870-1092: The 118 Infantry Battalion (TA) and the Cycle Polo Federation of India jointly organized the National Cycle Polo Championship, TA won the men's senior division. TA lost to Air Force Cycle Polo team in the National Cycle Polo Championship (2021–22). The TA has also organised golfing competitions. The TA has a military band named Territorial Army Symphony. It was raised in 2009 and has more than 40 musicians, playing brass , strings , and Indian classical instruments. The band performs both contemporary and traditional music. TA personnel have received many awards and decorations . As of 2021, these include one Ashok Chakra , one Kirti Chakra , five Ati Vishisht Seva Medals , five Vir Chakras , five Shaurya Chakra , one Yudh Seva Medal , 78 Sena Medals , 28 Vishisht Seva Medals , 17 Mentioned-in-Dispatches, and 280 COAS commendation cards. Mira Nair Mira Nair (born 15 October 1957)
3960-540: The Bombay High Court to reopen the case. Patekar is known for his simple lifestyle and his generosity in donating to charities. He contributed money towards rebuilding of the flood ravaged villages in Bihar through the charitable organisation Anubhuthi . All the monetary remuneration he obtained for his performance in the movie Paathshaala was donated by him to five different charitable organisations. When he
4050-568: The British television series Lord Mountbatten: The Last Viceroy (1986). He also played notable roles in Aaj Ki Awaz (1984), Ankush (1986), Pratighaat (1987), Andha Yudh (1987), Mohre (1987), Trishagni (1988), Awam (1987) and Sagar Sangam (1988). His performance in Andha Yudh earned him his first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor . During this period, his performance in Mira Nair 's Salaam Bombay! (1988) earned him high praise. He also received widespread critical acclaim for his portrayal of
4140-418: The Composite Ecological Task Force (CETF), also called Ganga Task Force, was raised as part of the Namami Gange Programme of the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), which aimed to maintain the cleanliness of the Ganges river. The unit comprises ex-servicemen whom the Central Pollution Control Board trains to test the river water. They also carry out afforestation activities on the rover's banks. The CETF
4230-451: The Filmfare Award for Best Villain. In Ab Tak Chhappan (2004), he played a police officer who is an encounter specialist. His performance in Apaharan (2005) earned him his second Filmfare Award for Best Villain as well as the Screen Award for Best Villain . He played a taxi driver in Taxi No. 9211 (2006). Patekar also starred in several comic roles, such as his highly praised performance in Welcome (2007), which saw him portray
4320-445: The ITF and was later renamed University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC). After India's independence , the AFI was disbanded as its services were no longer required. The ITF was restructured into the newly formed Territorial Army, and the UOTC was converted into the National Cadet Corps (NCC). Post-independence, the Territorial Army Bill was introduced in the Constituent Assembly (the then Parliament of India) on 23 August 1948. It
4410-497: The India-China conflict in 1959, defence minister V. K. Krishna Menon , in a radio address, asked Indians to volunteer for the TA. Initially, the Territorial Army comprised various types of units, including Armoured Regiment (TA), Infantry Battalion (TA), Air Defence (TA), Medical Regiment (TA), Engineers Field Park Coy (TA), Signal Regiment (TA), EME Workshop (TA), Coast Battery (TA), ASC GT Coy (TA), ASC Compo Pl (TA), and AMC Field Ambulances (TA). By 1972, these units, except for
4500-989: The Indian Army, and comes under the office of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) of the newly created Department of Military Affairs , which is under the Ministry of Defence . Lieutenant General Devendra Pratap Pandey was the first DG TA and General Bipin Rawat was the first CDS of the Indian Armed Forces. The TA has infantry and engineer units affiliated to various regiments of the Indian Army. Beside, it also has ecological battalions for restoration of environment. The TA units are classified as departmental units (including Indian Railways , Oil and Natural Gas Corporation , Indian Oil Corporation , Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited , and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited ) and non-departmental units of infantry battalions, home and hearth, and engineers regiments. The departmental units are funded by state governments, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas , Ministry of Railways , and Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change , while
4590-494: The Indian Army. In 2020, the TA was in a phase of gradual expansion. In July 2022, the TA started recruiting Mandarin -language graduates as officers as part of an effort by the Indian Army to increase its expertise in Mandarin and Tibetology amid the 2020–2022 China–India skirmishes and efforts of China's People's Liberation Army to recruit Hindi interpreters for posting in Tibet Autonomous Region . Territorial Army units were actively involved in military operations in
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#17328014872184680-414: The TA activated M & J Institute of Ophthalmology, Ahmedabad, after 30 years to perform a mock drill. In 2003–2004, Home and Hearth (H&H) units were raised, based on the "sons of the soil" model. The 162 Infantry Battalion TA JAK LI (H&H) is exclusively for Ikhwans . The H&H personnel are recruited only from Jammu and Kashmir . H&H units are deployed in northern and eastern regions of
4770-404: The TA states that it "does not provide a full time career", soldiers can choose to remain embodied for longer periods. TA personnel are entitled to all benefits available to the Indian Army, except gratuity and pension which are determined by the number of full years served. In 1612, when the English East India Company reached Surat , it established a contingent of part-time soldiers comprising
4860-406: The TA was headed by an Additional Directorate General of Territorial Army (ADG TA); this role was held by a major general of the Indian Army, and came under the office of the Chief of the Army Staff (COAS). From March 2020 onward, following a restructuring of the Indian Armed Forces, the TA is headed by a Director General of Territorial Army (DG TA); this role is held by a lieutenant general from
4950-475: The Territorial Army when called out on permanent service". According to the TA Act 1948; "every officer or enrolled person shall be liable to perform military service: (a) when called out in the prescribed manner to act in support of the civil power or to provide essential guards; (b) when embodied in the prescribed manner for training or for supporting or supplementing the regular forces; and (c) when attached to any regular forces either at his own request or under
5040-435: The University Corps (UC), was established at the universities of Calcutta , Bombay , Madras , and Allahabad . The IDF was generally unpopular among British conscripts. In 1920, it was replaced by two volunteer organizations: the Auxiliary Force (AFI) for European and Anglo-Indian officers and the Indian Territorial Force (ITF) for Indian other ranks . The UC was reorganized as the University Training Corps (UTC) under
5130-463: The aborting of female fetuses due to society's favoring male offspring. In 2001, with The Laughing Club of India, she explored laughter based on yoga . Founder Dr. Madan Kararia spoke of the club's history and the growth of laughing clubs across the country, and subsequently the world. The documentary included testimonials from members of the laughter clubs who described how the practice had improved or changed their lives. Its featured segments included
5220-425: The academic reception of Nair's adaptation of The Reluctant Fundamentalist , The Journal of Commonwealth Literature questions "how the ambivalence and provocativeness of the 'source' text translates into the film adaptation, and the extent to which the film format makes the narrative more palatable and appealing to wider audiences as compared to the novel’s target readership." Nair's 2016 film Queen of Katwe ,
5310-480: The civil authorities during industrial unrest and natural calamities, particularly the 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake , the 1993 Latur earthquake and the 1999 Odisha cyclone . The TA, as part of the Indian Peace Keeping Force , was involved in peacekeeping activities in Sri Lanka from 29 July 1987 to 24 March 1990. Since the early 1990s, units have been actively deployed in Jammu and Kashmir, Northeast India, and along India's northern and western borders. According to
5400-499: The company's employees to safeguard its commercial interests. In 1687, the Governor and Council of Fort St. George ordered the creation of the Companie of Trained Bands, a part-time force based in Madras . This force was established to defend against the rival French East India Company and native princely states . The Companie played a role in the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757, and many of its part-time units were eventually converted into regular and irregular forces. After
5490-485: The compilation feature Words with Gods . A longtime activist, Nair set up an annual film-makers' laboratory, Maisha Film Lab in Kampala, Uganda. Since 2005, young directors in East Africa have been trained at this non-profit facility with the belief that " If we don't tell our stories, no one else will ". Maisha is currently building a school with Architect Raul Pantaleo, winner of Aga Khan Award for Architecture, and his company Studio Tamassociati. In 1998, she used
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#17328014872185580-431: The crime drama Parinda (1989). He then starred his directorial debut, Prahaar: The Final Attack (1991). Patekar subsequently starred in and received critical acclaim for his performance in several commercially successful films of the 1990s, including Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman (1992); Angaar (1992), for which he won the Filmfare Award for Best Villain ; Tirangaa (1993); Krantiveer (1994), for which he won
5670-465: The critically-acclaimed Shagird and the Marathi film Deool . His next film was Ram Gopal Verma 's The Attacks of 26/11 (2013) based on the events of the 2008 Mumbai Attacks in which he played Joint Commissioner of Police Rakesh Maria . In 2014, he starred in another Marathi film Dr. Prakash Baba Amte – The Real Hero . In 2015, he made two sequels reprising his roles in Ab Tak Chhappan 2 , sequel of Ab Tak Chhappan and Welcome Back ,
5760-423: The definition of regular army when attached to a unit. The Territorial Army Act 1948 states, for the purpose of sections 128, 130, and 131 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC); "all officers, non-commissioned officers and other enrolled persons who have been attached to a unit shall be deemed to be officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers respectively of the Regular Army". This is further complimented in
5850-538: The dual aim of rejuvenating the ecology and the settlement of ex-servicemen. Units were raised under the aegis of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and the Ministry of Defense in conjunction with state governments. It was recommended that each state have one ETF unit to operate for state forestry departments. The first Ecological Task Force Battalion was raised on 1 December 1982; as of 2021, there were 10 ETF units carrying out afforestation activities in rugged and ecologically degraded areas. In 2018,
5940-478: The early 1980s, the fragile ecology of the Sivalik Hills and the environmental stability of the Mussoorie hills deteriorated due to illegal limestone mining, increasing the rate of desertification . Norman Borlaug , the director of Mexico's International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center proposed to India's prime minister Indira Gandhi to use the Indian Army to recover the region's ecology. The government decided to raise TA units by enrolling ex-servicemen with
6030-430: The film Mississippi Masala . Like his wife, Mamdani teaches at Columbia University . Their son, Zohran Mamdani , was born in Uganda in 1991. In 2020, Zohran won a seat representing Astoria, Queens in the New York State Assembly after defeating incumbent Assemblymember Aravella Simotas in the Democratic primary election earlier in the year. Nair has been an enthusiastic yoga practitioner for decades; when making
6120-522: The film did not do well at the box office, it won 23 international awards, including the Camera D’or and Prix du Public at the Cannes Film Festival in 1988. Salaam Bombay! was nominated at the Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film in 1989. Nair and Taraporevala continued to challenge audiences with the 1991 film Mississippi Masala , which told the story of Ugandan-born Indians displaced in Mississippi . The film, featuring Denzel Washington , Roshan Seth , and Sarita Choudhury , centers on
6210-512: The film told the story of a Punjabi Indian wedding, written by Sabrina Dhawan . Employing a small crew and casting some of Nair's acquaintances and relatives, the film grossed over $ 30 million worldwide. The film was awarded the Golden Lion award at the Venice Film Festival , making Nair the first female recipient of the award. Nair then directed the Golden Globe-winning Hysterical Blindness (2002), followed by making William Makepeace Thackeray 's epic Vanity Fair (2004). In 2007, Nair
6300-436: The infantry battalions, were either disbanded or became part of the regular army. In 2019, the TA began accepting women in officer and other ranks. By law, the Territorial Army is an integral part of the Indian Army , whose composition is defined in the Part I of the Defence Services Regulations, which states; "the army comprises regular army, regular reserves, and the Territorial Army". Part-time TA personnel may fall within
6390-441: The latter of which earned him his second Filmfare Award for Best Villain, and Taxi No. 9211 (2006). Patekar received widespread praise for playing a good-hearted gangster Uday Shetty in the comedy Welcome (2007) and its sequel Welcome Back (2015), and a politician in the political thriller Raajneeti (2010). In 2016, he starred in the critically and commercially successful Marathi film Natsamrat ; in which he portrayed
6480-465: The nation"; and the 1982 review said "... TA should be based on part-time and full-time units and recruitment to be all citizens who fulfil the prescribed standard, while in consonance with the traditional concept, every effort should be made to enroll gainfully employed persons". The third review, in 1995, recommended a restructure to make it a tri-service organisation, including the Indian Navy and
6570-472: The non-departmental units are funded by the Ministry of Defence. There are zonal divisions and recruitment is zonal based. On 1 March 1983, the 801 Engineer Regiment R&P (TA) was established as a Departmental Territorial Army unit at Agra Fort under the Ministry of Petroleum, Chemicals & Fertilizers (later renamed as Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas ). The unit was formed to operate oil refineries & pipelines in an emergency, and to cater for
6660-628: The other way around, keeping in view the cost-effectiveness of TA". In February 2020, General Bipin Rawat stated "TAisation of defence forces" is a way to reduce the cost of running the military. After the restructuring of the Indian Armed Forces by introducing the Chief of Defence Staff and the Department of Military Affairs in March 2020, the TA's focus expanded to include more operational and intelligence-gathering roles to cut costs of
6750-538: The prescribed conditions". The act also says no personnel has any liability to serve beyond the "limits of India" unless under a General or by a special order of the Government of India . The concept of the TA was redefined multiple times by TA Review Committee nominated by the Government of India. The first review of 1971 defined it as "... to provide part-time military training to gainfully employed citizens of
6840-756: The profits from Salaam Bombay! to create the Salaam Baalak Trust which works with street children in India. A musical adaptation of Monsoon Wedding , directed by Nair, premiered at the Berkeley Repertory Theatre , running from 5 May to 16 July 2017. As of 2015, she lives in New York City, where she is an adjunct professor in the Film Division of the School of Arts for Columbia University . The university has
6930-613: The regular army as and when required". The TA was constituted by the Territorial Army Act of 1948 in the Dominion of India as a successor to the Indian Defence Force (1917–1920) and the Indian Territorial Force (1920–1948). It is commanded by a three-star ranking Director General of the Territorial Army, typically a Lieutenant General -ranking officer deputed from the Indian Army, and headed by
7020-1209: The riots the followed the Godhra train burning incident in 2002. The TA has also participated in mountaineering activities. The joint Indo-British TA Mountaineering Expedition scaled Mount Kokthang (6,147 metres (20,167 ft)) in October 1982 and September 1994, and Mount Tenchenkhang (6,010 metres (19,720 ft)) in May 1998 in West Sikkim . The Ecological Battalion units planted 2.5 crore saplings over 20,000 hectares (49,000 acres) of land at Mussoorie and Pithoragarh hill stations in Uttarakhand , Bikaner and Jaisalmer in Rajasthan , ravines of Chambal in Madhya Pradesh , and Bhatti mines in Delhi . As of 2021, Ecological Task Forces has planted 6.9 crore saplings covering an area of 72,761 hectares (179,800 acres) with
7110-607: The romantic comedy Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman (1992) and alongside industry veteran Raaj Kumar in Tirangaa (1993), both of which earned him two consecutive nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. He played a truant, gambling son in Krantiveer (1994), for which he won the National Film Award for Best Actor , the Filmfare Award for Best Actor and the Screen Award for Best Actor . Patekar portrayed
7200-453: The sequel of Welcome . In 2016, he starred as Ganpatrao "Appa" Belwalkar in the film adaptation of the drama Natsamrat which was a major critically and commercial success. He earned two Filmfare Awards for Best Actor – Marathi for Dr. Prakash Baba Amte – The Real Hero and Natsamrat . He did the voice acting for Shere Khan in the Hindi version of The Jungle Book (2016). He played
7290-480: The state and 70 percent of the infantry battalion troops are sent for counterinsurgency duties. In 2015, the government sanctioned three engineer units in Jammu and Kashmir. Two units for Kashmir and one for Jammu. The Engineer Regiments are deployed for maintenance of the Line of Control . The Territorial Army has a strength of more than 43,000 first-line troops and 160,000 second-line troops, as of 2019. Training
7380-660: Was also honored with the Pride of India award at the Bollywood Movie Awards . This was followed by the Amelia Earhart biopic Amelia (2009), starring Hilary Swank and Richard Gere . In 2012, Nair directed The Reluctant Fundamentalist , a thriller based on the best-selling novel by Mohsin Hamid. It opened the 2012 Venice Film Festival to critical acclaim and was released worldwide in early 2013. For
7470-581: Was announced Nair would direct a ten episode TV series for Disney+ reimagining the National Treasure series with a new cast. In 1977, Nair met her first husband, Mitch Epstein , when taking photography classes at Harvard University. They divorced by 1987, and in 1988 Nair met her second husband, the Indo-Ugandan political scientist Mahmood Mamdani , while in Uganda doing research for
7560-592: Was asked to direct Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix , but turned it down to work on The Namesake . Based on the book by Pulitzer Prize -winner Jhumpa Lahiri , Sooni Taraporevala's screenplay follows the son of Indian immigrants who wants to fit in with New York City society, but struggles to get away from his family's traditional ways. The film was presented with the Dartmouth Film Award and
7650-687: Was awarded the Raj Kapoor award which carries a cash prize of Rs 1,000,000, he donated the entire amount towards drought relief activities in Maharashtra. He also provided financial aid to families of farmers who committed suicide due to indebtedness brought about by drought. He distributed cheques worth Rs 15,000 to 62 families of farmers from Vidarbha region in August 2015, and another 113 families from Latur and Osmanabad districts of Marathwada in September 2015. In September 2015, Patekar established
7740-553: Was bestowed with the Padma Shri award in 2013 for his contribution in cinema and arts. After making his acting debut in Bollywood with the 1978 drama Gaman , Patekar acted in a few Marathi films and some Bollywood films. After starring in the Academy Award -nominated Salaam Bombay in 1988, he won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in
7830-409: Was offered a full scholarship to Cambridge University , but ultimately turned it down and instead accepted a full scholarship to Harvard University . Before she became a filmmaker, Nair was originally interested in acting, and at one point she performed plays written by Badal Sarkar , a Bengali performer . While she studied at Harvard University, Nair became involved in the theater program and won
7920-430: Was passed on 1 September and came into force on 10 September. It allowed civilians pursuing other professions to serve part-time in the army. The TA was constituted by reorganising and redesignating 11 ITF infantry units. The first TA camp was inaugurated by the first Governor-General of independent India, C. Rajagopalachari , on 9 October 1949. Since then, the annual Territorial Army Day is observed on 9 October. During
8010-430: Was raised after a proposal by the Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare . On 3 June 2022, after reviewing a report by a constituted committee and with the agreement of the Ministry of Defence and Directorate General of Territorial Army (DGTA), the Ministry of Railways disbanded five out of the six Railway Engineers Regiments (TA) that were based at Jhansi , Kota , Adra , Chandigarh , and Secunderabad , keeping only
8100-419: Was taken then. This allegation was repeated in an interview in 2013 and again made in 2018. In late 2018, CINTAA apologized to Dutta admitting that the "chief grievance of sexual harassment wasn't even addressed (in 2008)" but added that since the case was more than three years old, they could not reopen it. In 2018, Dutta restated her accusation of sexual harassment by Patekar in 2018, and her accusations led to
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