57-594: Naresh Chandra (1 August 1934 – 9 July 2017) was a 1956 batch IAS officer of Rajasthan cadre who served as the Cabinet Secretary of India , Defence Secretary of India , Home Secretary of India , Water Resources Secretary of India and Indian Ambassador to the United States . He was awarded India's second highest civilian honour the Padma Vibhushan for civil service in 2007. Chandra
114-452: A district as a district magistrate and collector which lasts several years. After this tenure, an officer may be promoted to head a whole state administrative division as a divisional commissioner . On attaining the higher scales of the pay matrix, IAS officers may lead government departments or ministries. In these roles, IAS officers represent the country at international level in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. If serving on
171-482: A cadre preference from each preferred zone. The candidate indicates their second cadre preference for every preferred zone subsequently. The preference for the zones and cadres remains in the same order and no change is permitted. Officers remain in their allocated cadre or are deputed to the Government of India . Until 2008, there was no formal system that permitted the selection of a state cadre preferred by
228-1023: A deputation, they may be employed in International organization such as the World Bank , the International Monetary Fund , the Asian Development Bank , the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank , or the United Nations , or its agencies . IAS officers are also involved in conducting elections in India as mandated by the Election Commission of India . During the East India Company period,
285-486: A district magistrate or district collector or deputy commissioner, IAS officers can be posted to various positions in the state government. These positions include secretary or principal secretary in different departments, director of a department, divisional commissioner , or chairman of a government corporation. The specific positions depend on the officer's seniority, experience, and performance. The highest positions that an IAS officer can attain include chief secretary of
342-606: A higher status for the IAS and IFS. The two postgraduate level submissions were later removed, but this has not changed the perceived higher status of the IAS and IFS. After the selection process, the successful candidates undergo training at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration in Mussoorie , Uttarakhand . The central government announced a new cadre allocation policy for
399-462: A limited period after which they would be required to return to their allocated cadre. From 2008, IAS officers were assigned to state cadres at the beginning of their service. There was one cadre for each Indian state, except for two joint cadres: Assam – Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh – Goa – Mizoram – Union Territories (AGMUT). The "insider-outsider ratio" (ratio of officers who were posted to their home states to those from other states)
456-508: A state or cabinet secretary of the country. In 2015 it was announced that a new designation of assistant secretary at the Central Secretariat had been created to enable new IAS officers to be posted to Delhi for a three-month assignment as part of their training regime. IAS officers were previously only permitted to go on a deputation once assigned to the Central Secretariat after nine years of service in their home cadre. It
513-399: A united India if you do not have good All-India Service which has the independence to speak out its mind, which has [the] sense of security that you will standby [ sic ] your work... If you do not adopt this course, then do not follow the present Constitution. Substitute something else... these people are the instrument. Remove them and I see nothing but a picture of chaos all over
570-479: Is as an assistant collector cum sub-divisional magistrate and they are placed in charge of a district sub-division. As assistant collector cum sub divisional magistrate, they are entrusted with maintaining law and order, as well as general administration and development work, of the sub-district . Completion of probation is followed by an executive role in a district as a district collector cum district magistrate , which lasts several years. After this tenure as
627-499: Is fixed at 2:1. All IAS officers, regardless of the mode of entry, are appointed by the President of India . Only about 180 candidates out of over 1 million applicants, who apply through CSE, are successful, a success rate of less than 0.02 per cent. Unlike candidates appointed to other civil services , a successful IAS candidate is rendered ineligible to retake CSE. From 1951 to 1978, an IAS/IFS candidate
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#1732772464100684-547: Is how I would describe my tenure here. Something or the other has always been happening. There was a lot of interaction on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty when I first arrived here. 1997 was a ‘feel good’ time – we were celebrating 50 years of Independence - there were series of functions and events – in fact we had more functions in the U.S. than in India. The major challenge came in May 1998 - dealing with
741-670: Is the top-most executive official and senior-most civil servant of the Government of India . The Cabinet Secretary is the ex-officio head of the Civil Services Board, the Cabinet Secretariat , the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), and all Civil Services of India work under the rules of business of the government. The Cabinet Secretary is the senior most cadre post of the Indian Administrative Service , ranking eleventh on
798-973: The All India Services and the Central Services . The Indian Civil Service was one of the ten All India Services. In 1946 at the Premier's Conference, the Central Cabinet decided to form the Indian Administrative Service, based on the Indian Civil Service ; and the Indian Police Service , based on the Imperial Police . There is no alternative to this administrative system... The Union will go, you will not have
855-529: The All India Services in August 2017, claiming it as being a policy to ensure national integration of the bureaucracy and to ensure an All India character of the services. The existing twenty six cadres were to be divided into five zones by the Department of Personnel and Training. Under the new policy, a candidate first selects their zones of preference, in descending order, then indicates
912-519: The Cabinet Secretary and a final eight are selected for presentation before the Prime Minister . As an IAS officer progresses in their career, they become eligible for important positions in the central government . These positions include joint secretary, additional secretary, and secretary in different ministries and departments. In these roles, IAS officers are involved in making policies, implementing them, and making important decisions at
969-578: The Cabinet Secretary , Chandra was incharge and coordinator of India's nuclear programme , Shekhar Gupta described him as the "Keeper of India's family silver". After his tenure in the PMO , Chandra was appointed the Governor of Gujarat by the President of India , he assumed the office of Governor on 1 July 1995 and demitted it on 1 March 1996. Chandra was appointed the Indian Ambassador to
1026-837: The Election Commission of India . — ₹ 250,000 (US$ 3,000) (PPP$ 11,700) Chief secretary Secretary ₹ 225,000 (US$ 2,700) Divisional commissioner Principal secretary Additional secretary ₹ 182,200 (US$ 2,200)— ₹ 224,100 (US$ 2,700) Secretary/ Commissioner Joint secretary ₹ 144,200 (US$ 1,700)— ₹ 218,200 (US$ 2,600) Collector cum District magistrate Special secretary/ Director Director ₹ 118,500 (US$ 1,400)— ₹ 214,100 (US$ 2,600) Joint secretary Deputy secretary ₹ 78,800 (US$ 940)— ₹ 191,500 (US$ 2,300) Deputy Collector cum Additional District Magistrate Deputy secretary Under Secretary ₹ 67,700 (US$ 810)— ₹ 160,000 (US$ 1,900) Cabinet Secretary of India The Cabinet Secretary ( ISO : Kaibinēṭa Saciva )
1083-428: The Government of India as well as the individual states . IAS officers are also deployed to various government establishments such as constitutional bodies , staff and line agencies, auxiliary bodies, public sector undertakings , regulatory bodies , statutory bodies and autonomous bodies. As with other countries following the parliamentary system of government, the IAS is a part of the permanent bureaucracy of
1140-653: The Indian order of precedence . The Cabinet Secretary is under the direct charge of the Prime Minister . Since 2010, the Cabinet Secretary's term length was extended to a maximum of four years. Thereafter, amended in 2019 for further extension up to 1 year. In, total up to 5 years. The precursor to the cabinet, the Executive Council of the Viceroy , used to have a Secretariat, which was headed by
1197-537: The Prime Minister of India . The Cabinet Secretary to Government of India is eligible for a diplomatic passport . The official earmarked residence of the Cabinet Secretary is 32, Prithviraj Road , New Delhi , a Type-VIII bungalow . The salary and emolument in this rank is in pay level 18 which is equivalent to Chief of the Army Staff , but in precedence the cabinet secretary is listed above all other government officers including those from armed forces. It
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#17327724641001254-774: The Union Water Resources Secretary by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), he assumed the office on 1 February 1987, and demitted it on 1 February 1989, after serving for two years. Chandra was appointed the Union Defence Secretary by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), he assumed the office of the Defence Secretary on 1 February 1989, and demitted it on 1 March 1990. Chandra
1311-479: The cabinet and the cabinet committees for important matters. As head of the Civil Services, the incumbent position holder is accountable for ensuring that the civil services are equipped with the skills and capability to meet the everyday challenges it faces and that civil servants work in a fair and decent environment. The Cabinet Secretary is arguably India's most powerful bureaucrat and the right hand of
1368-445: The country at the international level in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. If serving on a deputation, they may be employed in International organization such as the World Bank , the International Monetary Fund , the Asian Development Bank , the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank , and the United Nations or its agencies . IAS officers are also involved in the conduct of elections in India as mandated by
1425-833: The Administration of the Rules of Business. The Cabinet Secretariat is responsible for the administration of the Transaction of Business Rules, 1961 and the Allocation of Business Rules, 1961 of the Government of India, facilitating smooth transaction of business in ministries/departments of the Government by ensuring adherence to these rules. The Secretariat assists in decision-making in Government by ensuring Inter-Ministerial coordination, ironing out differences amongst ministries/departments and evolving consensus through
1482-488: The Cabinet Secretary, and is designated Secretary (R) in the Cabinet Secretariat. The First Administrative Reforms Commission (1966–70) found that the average tenure of the Cabinet Secretary was two years and eight months, which was considered to be inadequate. It recommended a tenure of three to four years. It also wanted that Cabinet Secretary to act as the principal staff officer to the prime minister ,
1539-823: The Defence Committee of the Cabinet and the National Defence Council. The Military wing is represented by an officer of the rank of major general , or its equivalents in the Indian Armed Forces , who is designated as a joint secretary in the Cabinet Secretariat . The Intelligence wing deals with matters pertaining to the Joint Intelligence Committee of the union cabinet. The chief of the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) also officially first reports to
1596-577: The District Magistrate and Collector of Jodhpur , Jhunjhunu and Bharatpur districts in the Government of Rajasthan , and as the Cabinet Secretary of India , Union Home Secretary , Union Defence Secretary , Union Water Resources Secretary , Joint Secretary in the Department of Heavy Industries of the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises , Director in the secretariat of Third Central Pay Commission , Deputy Secretary in
1653-793: The HEICCS was replaced by the Indian Civil Service (ICS), which became the highest civil service in India between 1858 and 1947. The last appointments to the ICS were made in 1942. With the passing of the Government of India Act 1919 by the Parliament of the United Kingdom , the Indian civil services—under the general oversight of the Secretary of State for India —were split into two arms,
1710-602: The Indian Administrative Service. IAS officers may enter the IAS by passing the Civil Services Examination , which is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Officers recruited this way are called direct recruits or regular recruits (RR). Some IAS officers are also recruited from the state civil services, and, in rare cases, selected from non-state civil service. The ratio between direct recruits and promotees
1767-642: The Private Secretary of the Viceroy. At first, the role of this Secretariat was merely to take care of the paperwork related to the Executive Council but when the work of the individual departments under the Council increased, the work of the Secretariat too became more complex. The Private Secretary came to be known as the secretary of the secretariat. And this post became more powerful over time as
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1824-644: The Secretariat's main role became coordinating the work of the departments. In 1946, the secretariat became cabinet secretariat and the secretary became the Cabinet Secretary. The following are the functions of the Cabinet Secretary: In the Government of India Allocation of Business Rules, 1961 , the Cabinet Secretariat finds a place in the First Schedule to the Rules. The subjects allotted to this Secretariat are, firstly, secretarial assistance to Cabinet and Cabinet Committees, and secondly,
1881-633: The U.S. can be natural allies in the 21st century" struck a chord in the U.S. administration. President Clinton's visit to India and then the return visit of the Indian Prime Minister put a feel on it. I witnessed a very fine chapter in the Indo-U.S. relations. A specific instance that I will remember of my tenure, is the establishment of Gandhi Memorial - Mahatma Gandhi's statue – in front of our Chancery building in Washington DC – and
1938-752: The US-India Technology Group, and Member of the Indo-US Economic Sub-Commission, which lent him valuable insight into the broad range of Indo-US relations. Following the economic liberalisation program in India, he led the first official delegation to the US in 1992 to promote US investments in India. He has been deeply involved in several important conferences organised subsequently in the US by business development groups. The government approved of setting up of Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) on 9 January 2003, on
1995-552: The United States by the Prime Minister of India in 1996, he was confirmed to the diplomatic position by the President of the United States of America in 1996, he remained as the Ambassador of India to the United States till 2001. Chandra's long official association with the United States spans more than three decades, beginning with his first visit to this country in 1963–64. He has been the Indian Co-chairman of
2052-613: The basis of recommendations made by the Naresh Chandra Committee which was set up by the government on 21 August 2002 on Corporate Governance. He also chaired the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) Task Force on Corporate Governance which submitted its report in November 2009 for voluntary adoption by listed companies and wholly owned subsidiaries of listed companies in India. ‘Living in interesting times’
2109-560: The candidate. If the candidate was not placed in a vacancy in their home state, they would be allocated to other states, which were selected from a roster in alphabetic order, starting from 'a', 'h', 'm' or 't', depending on the year. For example, if in a particular year the roster begins from 'a', then the first candidate on the roster will go to the Andhra Pradesh state cadre, the next one to Bihar , and then to Chhattisgarh , Gujarat and so on in alphabetical order. The next year
2166-485: The civil services were classified into three – covenanted, uncovenanted and special civil services. The covenanted civil service, or the Honourable East India Company's Civil Service (HEICCS), as it was called, largely comprised civil servants occupying the senior posts in the government. The uncovenanted civil service was introduced solely to facilitate the entry of Indians onto
2223-622: The country. When India was partitioned following the departure of the British in 1947, the Indian Civil Service was divided between the new dominions of India and Pakistan . The Indian remnant of the ICS was named the Indian Administrative Service, while the Pakistan remnant was named the District Management Group (later renamed to Pakistan Administrative Service in 2012). The modern Indian Administrative Service
2280-523: The establishment of the statue. Chandra died at a hospital in Panaji , Goa , India, of multiple organ failure on 9 July 2017 at the age of 82. Indian Administrative Service The Indian Administrative Service ( IAS ) is the administrative arm of the All India Services of Government of India . The IAS is one of the three All India Services along with the Indian Police Service and Indian Forest Service . Members of these three services serve
2337-550: The instrumentality of the standing/ad hoc Committees of Secretaries . Through this mechanism, new policy initiatives are also promoted. The Cabinet Secretariat ensures that the President of India, the Vice-President and Ministers are kept informed of the major activities of all departments by means of a monthly summary of their activities. Management of major crisis situations in the country and coordinating activities of
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2394-641: The lower rung of the administration. The special service comprised specialised departments, such as the Indian Forest Service, the Imperial Police and the Indian Political Department , whose ranks were drawn from either the covenanted civil service or the Indian Army . The Imperial Police included many Indian Army officers among its members, although after 1893 an annual exam was used to select its officers. In 1858
2451-411: The nation; and is an inseparable part of the executive of the Government of India . As such, the bureaucracy remains politically neutral and guarantees administrative continuity to the ruling party or coalition . Upon confirmation of service, an IAS officer serves a probationary period as a sub-divisional magistrate . Completion of this probation is followed by an executive administrative role in
2508-416: The national level. They can also be appointed as advisors to the central government or serve in autonomous bodies, commissions, and international organizations. These opportunities allow IAS officers to contribute to the development and governance of the country on a larger scale. On attaining the apex scale, IAS officers may lead government departments or ministries. In these roles, IAS officers represent
2565-517: The nuclear test. I remember going from one studio to another – TV, radio, and press – in addition to dozens of meetings in the Senate and the Congress. That was the most difficult and a very challenging period of my tenure here. Then began the rounds of discussions between Indian delegation, led by Jaswant Singh, and the U.S. delegation led by Talbot. I was present in every meeting and throughout. We saw
2622-645: The roster starts from 'h', for either Haryana or Himachal Pradesh (the two states alternate roster years). This system, practised since the mid-1980s, ensured that officers from different states were placed all over India. The system of permanent state cadres resulted in wide disparities of professional exposure for officers when comparing those from developed versus less developed states. Changes in state cadres were only permitted on grounds of marriage to an All India Services officer of another state cadre or under other exceptional circumstances. The officers were allowed to go to their home state cadre on deputation for
2679-406: The scene develop from a very tense dialogue into a very friendly and frank exchange of views. This brought about stability and progress in a positive direction in our relations with the U.S. The Prime Minister's visit in September 1998 was also an important one. It dissipated the demonising of India that had gone on before his arrival. People saw him and heard him speak. His statement that "India and
2736-422: The secretariat of Administrative Reforms Commission and as a Deputy Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture in the Union Government . Naresh Chandra also served as an Adviser to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir in 1986 for a duration of eight months. Chandra also served as Adviser (Export Industrialization and Policy) for the Commonwealth Secretariat in Colombo , Sri Lanka . Post his superannuation from
2793-402: The service as the Cabinet Secretary of India , Chandra was appointed a Senior Adviser in the Prime Minister's Office (PMO), and hence was deemed to have been reemployed into the IAS . Chandra was appointed the Chief Secretary of Rajasthan by the Chief Minister of Rajasthan , he assumed the office of the Chief Secretary on 1 July 1985, and demitted on 1 March 1986. Chandra was appointed
2850-423: The various ministries in such a situation is also one of the functions of the Cabinet Secretariat. The Cabinet Secretariat comprises three wings: Civil, Military and Intelligence. The Civil wing is considered to be the main wing and provides aid, advice and assistance to the Union Cabinet . The purpose of having the Military wing is to have better coordination in Intelligence and to provide secretarial assistance to
2907-408: The way it was accomplished against heavy odds. We were able to have it up just in time to have it dedicated by the Prime Minister of India in the presence of the president of the United States on 16 September 2000. It was a great moment – for South Asians and Americans. I also received many messages from our friends in Pakistan – and the Pakistan Ambassador congratulated me and expressed her happiness at
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#17327724641002964-448: Was appointed the Union Home Secretary by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), he assumed the office of the Home Secretary on 1 March 1990, and demitted it on 1 December 1990. Chandra was appointed the Union Cabinet Secretary by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), he assumed office of the Cabinet Secretary on 1 December 1990, and demitted it and simultaneously superannuated from service on 31 July 1992. As
3021-494: Was created under Article 312(2) in part XIV of the Constitution of India , and the All India Services Act, 1951 . A special cadre was created in 1954 to administer NEFA (present day Arunachal Pradesh ) and for later Some North Eastern Region. It was first mooted by then Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru . The services were placed under Ministry of External Affairs . In 1968, IFAS was merged with IAS and has hence lost its relevance. There are three modes of recruitment into
3078-502: Was educated in Allahabad and obtained a postgraduate degree ( MSc ) in Maths from the Allahabad University . Naresh Chandra served as a lecturer in the Allahabad University before his selection as an IAS officer . Naresh Chandra served in various key capacities for both the Government of Rajasthan and the Union Government, like as the Chief Secretary of Rajasthan , Commissioner and Secretary (Finance), Secretary (Industries) and Chairman of Rajasthan Electricity Board, and as
3135-456: Was maintained at 1:2, with one-third of the direct recruits being 'insiders' from the same state. The rest were posted as outsiders according to the state allocation roster in states other than their home states, as indicated by their preference. The typical functions performed by an IAS officer are: At the beginning of their career, IAS officers receive district training with their home cadres followed by their first posting. Their initial role
3192-463: Was observed that the experience of central functions was severely lacking among these deputations, resulting in this change in their training. As part of the new system, IAS assistant secretaries are supposed to work on projects—a new policy in their respective areas—and present it to their respective ministries; of all projects, 36 are selected to be presented before all secretaries of the Government of India ; consequently, 16 are selected to be before
3249-400: Was required to submit two additional papers along with three optional papers (instead of just the three optional papers like for other civil services) to be eligible for the Indian Administrative Service or the Indian Foreign Service . The two additional papers were postgraduate level submissions, compared to the graduate level of the optional papers, and it was this distinction that resulted in
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