46-459: The long-billed woodcreeper ( Nasica longirostris ) is a sub-oscine passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae . It is found in Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador , French Guiana , Peru , and Venezuela . The long-billed woodcreeper is the only member of genus Nasica . It is monotypic : No subspecies are recognized. Its closest relative
92-681: A bigger say in operations. In 1991, IUCN (together with UNEP and WWF) published Caring for the Earth , a successor to the World Conservation Strategy. Social aspects of conservation were now integrated in IUCN's work; at the General Assembly in 1994 the IUCN mission was redrafted to its current wording to include the equitable and ecologically use of natural resources. Closer to business: 2000 to present day Since
138-630: A multi-year MOU ( Memorandum of understanding ) with WBCSD in December 2015. In 1996, after decades of seeking to address specific business issues, IUCN's Members asked for a comprehensive approach to engaging the business sector. Resolution 1.81 of the IUCN World Conservation Congress held that year "urged IUCN Members and the Director General, based on the need to influence private sector policies in support of
184-653: A new status for NGOs . Resolution 1296, adopted in 1968, granted 'consultative' status to NGOs. IUCN itself was eventually accredited with six UN organizations. IUCN was one of the few environmental organisations formally involved in the preparations of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm, 1972). The Stockholm Conference eventually led to three new international conventions, with IUCN involved in their drafting and implementation: IUCN entered into an agreement with
230-416: A phase of closer cooperation with WWF, but the close ties between IUCN and WWF were severed in 1985 when WWF decided to take control of its own field projects, which so far had been run by IUCN. Sustainable development and regionalisation: 1985 to present day In 1982, IUCN set up a Conservation for Development Centre within its secretariat. The Centre undertook projects to ensure that nature conservation
276-691: A salary during his period in office. To establish a stable financial basis for its work, IUCN participated in setting up the World Wildlife Fund (1961) (now the World Wide Fund for Nature WWF) to work on fundraising to cover part of the operational costs of IUCN. Also in 1961, the IUCN headquarters moved from Belgium to Morges in Switzerland. During the 1960s, IUCN lobbied the UN General Assembly to create
322-524: A very large range, but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered generally uncommon to fairly common though rare at the fringes of its range in Bolivia and French Guiana. It is thought to be "highly sensitive to habitat modification and disturbance." Sub-oscine The Tyranni ( suboscines ) are a suborder of passerine birds that includes more than 1,000 species ,
368-441: Is 34 to 36 cm (13 to 14 in) long and weighs 78 to 92 g (2.8 to 3.2 oz). The sexes are alike. The adult's crown, nape, and auricular area are blackish brown with whitish buff streaks. It has a white supercilium , throat, and foreneck. Its back, rump, wings, and tail are bright cinnamon-rufous to rufous-chestnut. The tips of its outermost primaries are dark brown. Its breast and sides are streaked black and white;
414-1045: Is based on a large molecular genetic study by Carl Oliveros and collaborators published in 2019: The families and the species numbers are from the list maintained by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC). Philepittidae – 4 species (asities) Eurylaimidae – 9 species (eurylaimid broadbills) Calyptomenidae – 6 species (Asian green broadbills) Sapayoidae – 1 species (sapayoa) Pittidae – 44 species (pittas) Pipridae – 55 species (manakins) Cotingidae – 66 species (cotingas) Tityridae – 45 species (tityras, becards) Tyrannidae – 447 species (tyrant flycatchers) Melanopareiidae – 5 species (crescentchests) Conopophagidae – 12 species (gnateaters) Thamnophilidae – 238 species (antbirds) Grallariidae – 68 species (antpittas) Rhinocryptidae – 65 species (tapaculos) Formicariidae – 12 species (antthrushes) Furnariidae – 315 species (ovenbirds) The Eurylaimides contain
460-638: Is best known to the wider public for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species , which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. IUCN has a membership of over 1,400 governmental and non-governmental organizations from over 170 countries. Some 16,000 scientists and experts participate in the work of IUCN commissions on a voluntary basis. It employs over 900 full-time staff in more than 50 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland , Switzerland. Every four years, IUCN convenes for
506-458: Is equitable and ecologically sustainable". Over the past decades, IUCN has widened its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to sustainable development in its projects. IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice and through building partnerships. The organization
SECTION 10
#1732787753601552-912: Is found in the Orinoco River Basin of southern Venezuela and in the Amazon Basin from eastern Colombia, central Ecuador, north-central and eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia through Amazonian Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean in the states of Amapá , Pará , and Maranhão . Its range also extends north into central and eastern French Guiana. It is seldom far from water, and primarily inhabits the interior and edges of várzea , river-edge, and swamp forests and on well-forested river islands. It occurs somewhat less frequently in terra firme and cerrado gallery forests . In elevation it mostly occurs below 300 m (1,000 ft). In Colombia and Ecuador it reaches 400 m (1,300 ft), and
598-559: Is found up to 500 m (1,600 ft) in some other places. The long-billed woodcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range. The long-billed woodcreeper usually forages by itself, but also in pairs and sometimes in mixed-species feeding flocks . It hitches along trunks and large branches from the forest's mid-level to the canopy and also creeps and probes among living and dead leaf clusters, epiphytes , bark crevices, and palm fronds. It sometimes feeds on prey fleeing army ant swarms but does not habitually follow swarms. Its diet
644-507: Is not known in detail but appears to be mainly arthropods and also includes small reptiles and amphibians. The long-billed woodcreeper's breeding season is not well defined but appears to include at least January to May. A nest was discovered in a tree cavity 4 m (13 ft) above the ground. Both parents were feeding nestlings. The clutch size, incubation period, time to fledging, and other details of parental care are not known. [REDACTED] The long-billed woodcreeper sings during
690-482: Is the cinnamon-throated woodcreeper ( Dendrexetastes rufigula ). The population south of the Amazon River has significantly longer bills than those birds north of the river, and has been treated by some authors as subspecies N. l. australis . The long-billed woodcreeper is one of the largest woodcreepers, with a slim body, small head, long neck, long tail, and an exceptionally long, slightly decurved, bill. It
736-543: Is to expand the global network of national parks and other protected areas and promote good management of such areas. In particular, it focuses on greater protection of the oceans and marine habitats . IUCN has a growing program of partnerships with the corporate sector on a regional, national and international level to promote sustainable use of natural resources. On the national level, IUCN helps governments prepare national biodiversity policies. Internationally, IUCN provides advice to environmental conventions such as
782-612: The Convention on Biological Diversity , CITES , and the Framework Convention on Climate Change . It advises UNESCO on natural world heritage . It has a formally accredited permanent observer mission to the United Nations . IUCN has official relations with the multiple other international bodies. As an organization, IUCN has three components: the member organizations, the six scientific commissions and
828-724: The Old World suboscines – mainly distributed in tropical regions around the Indian Ocean – and a single American species, the sapayoa : The Tyrannides contain all the suboscines from the Americas except the broad-billed sapayoa. The families listed here are those recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union. This group has been separated into three parvorders by Sibley & Ahlquist. However, DNA:DNA hybridization did not reliably resolve
874-651: The Oligocene . Their presence in the early Oligocene of Europe is well documented by several fossil specimens. The suborder Tyranni is divided into two infraorders : the Eurylaimides and the Tyrannides. The New Zealand wrens in the family Acanthisittidae are placed in a separate suborder Acanthisitti. The phylogenetic relationships of the 16 families in the Tyranni suborder is shown below. The cladogram
920-790: The World Conservation Strategy (1980). The drafting process, and the discussions with the UN agencies involved, led to an evolution in thinking within IUCN and growing acceptance of the fact that conservation of nature by banning human presence no longer worked. The Strategy was followed in 1982 by the World Charter for Nature , which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly , after preparation by IUCN. In 1980, IUCN and WWF moved into shared new offices in Gland, Switzerland . This marked
966-682: The World Conservation Union (1990–2008). IUCN was established on 5 October 1948, in Fontainebleau , France, when representatives of governments and conservation organizations spurred by UNESCO signed a formal act constituting the International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN). The initiative to set up the new organisation came from UNESCO and especially from its first director general,
SECTION 20
#17327877536011012-599: The World Wide Fund for Nature and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre . In the past, IUCN has been criticized for placing the interests of nature over those of indigenous peoples. In recent years, its closer relations with the business sector have caused controversy. IUCN was established in 1948. It was initially called the International Union for the Protection of Nature (1948–1956) and has also been formerly known as
1058-452: The 1949 Conference on Protection of Nature Lake Success , US and drafted the first list of gravely endangered species. In the early years of its existence IUCN depended almost entirely on UNESCO funding and was forced to temporarily scale down activities when this ended unexpectedly in 1954. IUCN was successful in engaging prominent scientists and identifying important issues such as the harmful effects of pesticides on wildlife but not many of
1104-563: The British biologist Julian Huxley . At the time of its founding IUCN was the only international organisation focusing on the entire spectrum of nature conservation (an international organisation for the protection of birds, now BirdLife International , had been established in 1922). IUCN (International Union for conservation of Nature) started out with 65 members in Brussels and was closely associated to UNESCO. They jointly organized
1150-466: The Business and Biodiversity Program is the five-year collaboration IUCN started with the energy company Shell International in 2007. IUCN has been involved in minimum energy consumption and zero-carbon construction since 2005 by integrating energy-saving materials, developed by Jean-Luc Sandoz in the footsteps of Julius Natterer . Today, the Business and Biodiversity Programme continues to set
1196-602: The IUCN World Conservation Congress 2016, IUCN Members agreed on a definition of nature-based solutions. Members also called for governments to include nature-based solutions in strategies to combat climate change . Some key dates in the growth and development of IUCN: According to its website, IUCN works on the following themes: business, climate change , economics, ecosystems , environmental law , forest conservation , gender , global policy, marine and polar , protected areas , science and knowledge, social policy , species , water, and world heritage . IUCN works on
1242-487: The IUCN World Conservation Congress where IUCN Members set the global conservation agenda by voting on recommendations and guide the secretariat's work by passing resolutions and the IUCN Programme. IUCN has observer and consultative status at the United Nations , and plays a role in the implementation of several international conventions on nature conservation and biodiversity . It was involved in establishing
1288-524: The Mission of IUCN, to expand dialogue and productive relationships with the private sector and find new ways to interact with members of the business community". The IUCN Global Business and Biodiversity Program (BBP) was established in 2003 to influence and support private partners in addressing environmental and social issues. In 2004, the first IUCN Private Sector Engagement Strategy was developed (in response to Council Decision C/58/41). Most prominent in
1334-530: The NbS concept in environmental sciences and nature conservation contexts came as international organisations, such as IUCN and the World Bank, searched for solutions to work with ecosystems rather than relying on conventional engineering interventions (such as a seawall ), to adapt to and mitigate climate change effects, while improving sustainable livelihoods and protecting natural ecosystems and biodiversity. At
1380-846: The Red Data Book on the conservation status of species, was first published in 1964. IUCN began to play a part in the development of international treaties and conventions, starting with the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources . Africa was the focus of many of the early IUCN conservation field projects. IUCN supported the 'Yellowstone model' of protected area management, which severely restricted human presence and activity in order to protect nature. The IUCN also suffered from restricted financing in its early years. For this reason, Tracy Philipps , secretary-general from 1955 to 1958, did not draw
1426-544: The United Nations Environment Programme UNEP to provide regular reviews of world conservation. The income this generated, combined with growing revenue via WWF, put the organisation on relatively sound financial footing for the first time since 1948. This period saw the beginning of a gradual change in IUCN's approach to conservation in which it tried to become more appealing to the developing world. In 1975 IUCN started work on
Long-billed woodcreeper - Misplaced Pages Continue
1472-486: The basis of four-year programs, determined by the membership. In the IUCN Programme for 2017–2020 conserving nature and biodiversity is linked to sustainable development and poverty reduction. IUCN states that it aims to have a solid factual base for its work and takes into account the knowledge held by indigenous groups and other traditional users of natural resources. The IUCN Programme 2017–2020 identifies three priority areas: IUCN does not itself aim to directly mobilize
1518-402: The clades as superfamilies or, if the broadbill group is considered a separate suborder, as infraorders. In the former case, the name Furnarioidea would be available for the tracheophones, whereas "Tyrannoidea", the "bronchophone" equivalent, has not yet been formally defined. In the latter case, the tracheophones would be classified as "Furnariides", while the Tyrannides would be restricted to
1564-478: The creation of IUCN in 1948, IUCN Members have passed more than 300 resolutions that include or focus on business related activities. The increased attention on sustainable development as a means to protect nature brought IUCN closer to the corporate sector. The members decided against this, but IUCN did forge a partnership with the World Business Council for Sustainable Development . IUCN renewed
1610-451: The day, but infrequently. Its song is a "[l]oud and far-carrying...series of 3-4 eerie and plaintive whistles, e.e. 't w o o o o o ó o o...t w o o o o o ó o o'." It is also described as "loud melancholy-sounding, drawn-out calls 'wuuuueet' " repeated three or four times. Its calls include "chat-ak", "chat-at-at", "chuckling notes", "weetut", and "weet-erweet". The IUCN has assessed the long-billed woodcreeper as being of Least Concern. It has
1656-465: The field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources . Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the status of the natural world and the measures needed to safeguard it. It is involved in data gathering and analysis , research, field projects, advocacy, and education. IUCN's mission is to "influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources
1702-481: The general public. Education has been part of IUCN's work program since the early days but the focus is on stakeholder involvement and strategic communication rather than mass-campaigns. IUCN runs field projects for habitat and species conservation around the world. It produces the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems . The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is applicable at local, national, regional, and global levels. IUCN's stated goal
1748-490: The ideas it developed were turned into action. This was caused by unwillingness to act on the part of governments, uncertainty about the IUCN mandate and lack of resources. In 1956, IUCN changed its name to International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. During this period, the IUCN expanded its relations with UN-agencies and established links with the Council of Europe . IUCN's best known publication,
1794-475: The large majority of which are South American . It is named after the type genus Tyrannus . These have a different anatomy of the syrinx musculature than the oscines (songbirds of the larger suborder Passeri), hence the common name of suboscines . The suboscines originated in South America about 50 million years ago and dispersed into the Old World likely via a trans-Atlantic route during
1840-431: The rest of its underparts are olive-buff with spots and bars. Its iris is yellowish brown, reddish brown, or dark brown. Its bill is ivory to light gray or yellowish gray, often with a dusky base to the mandible . Its legs and feet are gray to brown. Juvenile birds have paler underparts than adults, sometimes with faint barring on the belly, and with paler and less distinct streaks on the breast. The long-billed woodcreeper
1886-447: The secretariat. IUCN Members are States, government agencies, international nongovernmental organizations, national nongovernmental organizations and indigenous peoples' organisations. In 2017, IUCN had 1400 members. The members can organize themselves in national or regional committees to promote cooperation. In 2016, there were 62 national committees and 7 regional committees. The seven IUCN Commissions involve volunteer experts from
Long-billed woodcreeper - Misplaced Pages Continue
1932-593: The strategic direction, coordinate IUCN's overall approach and provide institutional quality assurance in all business engagements. The Programme ensures that the Business Engagement Strategy is implemented through IUCN's global thematic and regional programmes as well as helps guide the work of IUCN's six Commissions. Nature-based solutions (NbS) use ecosystems and the services they provide to address societal challenges such as climate change, food security or natural disasters. The emergence of
1978-401: The suboscine phylogeny . It was eventually determined that there was a simple dichotomy between the antbirds and allies (tracheophones), and the tyrant-flycatchers and allies. Given that the "parvorder" arrangement originally advanced is obsolete (see e.g. Irestedt et al. 2002 for tracheophone phylogeny) — more so if the Eurylaimides are elevated to a distinct suborder — it is better to rank
2024-652: The tyrant-flycatchers and other "bronchophone" families. The tracheophones contain the Furnariidae, Thamnophilidae, Formicariidae (probably including most tapaculos), and Conopophagidae. The tyrant-flycatcher clade includes the namesake family, the Tityridae, the Cotingidae, and the Pipridae. IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) is an international organization working in
2070-542: The world. This marked a shift within the organisation. Previously, the volunteer Commissions had been very influential, now the secretariat and its staff began to play a more dominant role. In 1989, IUCN moved into a separate building in Gland, close to the offices it had shared with WWF. Initially, the focus of power was still with the Headquarters in Gland but the regional offices and regional members' groups gradually got
2116-426: Was integrated in development aid and in the economic policies of developing countries. Over the years, it supported the development of national conservation strategies in 30 countries. Several European countries began to channel considerable amounts of bilateral aid via IUCN's projects. Management of these projects was primarily done by IUCN staff, often working from the new regional and country offices IUCN set up around
#600399