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53-463: In 1911, the twenty-one year-old artist Egon Schiele met the seventeen-year-old Walburga (Wally) Neuzil , who lived with him in Vienna and served as a model for some of his most striking paintings. They moved to the town of Český Krumlov (Krumau) in southern Bohemia, the birthplace of Schiele's mother, but were driven out by the disapproval of their lifestyle, which including the alleged employment of

106-452: A German Bohemian mother from Český Krumlov. As a child, Schiele was fascinated by trains, and would spend many hours drawing them. His father destroyed these sketchbooks. When he was 11 years old, Schiele moved to the nearby city of Krems (and later to Klosterneuburg ) to attend secondary school. To those around him, Schiele was regarded as a strange child. Shy and reserved, he did poorly at school except in athletics and drawing, and

159-815: A building on what is now the Straße des 17. Juni, which now belongs to the Berlin University of the Arts. In 1964 the art school was called the Staatliche Werkkunstschule , and from 1966 the Staatliche Akademie für Werkkunst und Mode (State academy for applied arts and fashion). In 1971, it was integrated into the Hochschule für Bildende Künste . In 1975, this became the Hochschule der Künste Berlin , which since 2001 has been

212-457: A four-year course, in which they were given a general education and also learnt specific arts and craft skills such as weaving, metalwork, painting, sculpting, etc. Some of the most well known artists of the period had been Kunstgewerbeschule students, including Anni Albers , Peter Behrens , René Burri , Otto Dix , Karl Duldig , Horst P. Horst , Gustav Klimt , Oskar Kokoschka , Egon Schiele and Oskar Schlemmer . Many students accepted into

265-408: A girl of 13. When the police came to his studio to place Schiele under arrest, they seized more than a hundred drawings which they considered pornographic. Schiele was imprisoned while awaiting his trial. When his case was brought before a judge, the charges were dropped, but the artist was found guilty of exhibiting erotic drawings in a place accessible to children. In court, the judge burned one of

318-425: A half-disgusted preoccupation with sexuality and a similarly queasy fascination with examining his naked self. The male figures mainly seem to have been modelled by the artist, though it is hard to be certain since the head is often not included.' Kallir and scholar Gerald Izenberg regard Schiele as fluid in sexuality and gender. Kallir says Schiele was "struggling with his own sexual feelings and gender norms" during

371-505: A historical period of shifting gender expectations, the early women's movement , and criminalization of homosexuality . Some critics in the 21st century read his artwork as queer . A less known fact about Schiele's career is that, during his studies at the School of Arts and Crafts in Vienna, he explored sculpture and created a number of small-scale clay and plaster sculptures. Schiele

424-613: A lifeless doll-like appearance. Despite his military service, Schiele was still exhibiting in Berlin. He also had successful shows in Zürich , Prague , and Dresden . His first duties consisted of guarding and escorting Russian prisoners. Because of his weak heart and his excellent handwriting, Schiele was eventually given a job as a clerk in a POW camp near the town of Mühling. There, he was allowed to draw and paint imprisoned Russian officers; his commander, Karl Moser (who assumed that Schiele

477-536: A more realist fashion. From a young age, Schiele drew with 'manic fluency'. Art critic Martin Gayford wrote in The Spectator : 'He [Schiele] found his distinctive style very early. His entire oeuvre is that of a young man; most of the work in the first of the two rooms of this densely packed little exhibition dates from 1910 to 1911, when Schiele (1890–1918) was just 20. That helps to explain some tendencies:

530-432: A night in a hotel room with her. When Schiele was 14 years old, his father died from syphilis , and he became a ward of his maternal uncle, Leopold Czihaczek, also a railway official. Although he wanted Schiele to follow in his footsteps, and was distressed at his lack of interest in academia, he recognised Schiele's talent for drawing and allowed him a tutor, the artist Ludwig Karl Strauch. In 1906 Schiele applied at

583-749: A number of former students and teachers from the Bauhaus went to work at the school, including: Gerhard Marcks , the Rector from 1928-1933; Hans Wittwer , who ran the Architecture department; Benita Koch-Otte , who ran the weaving workshop; Marguerite Friedländer and Erich Consemüller . When the Nazis came to power in 1933, these people and other staff considered to be avant-garde were dismissed. The Painting, Graphic Design, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography and Carpentry workshops were all closed. In 1938 it

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636-530: A painting by Rich Pellegrino that is modeled after Schiele's style which, as part of a theft, replaces a so-called Flemish/ Renaissance masterpiece, but is then destroyed by the angry owner when he discovers the deception. The cover of David Bowie 's 1979 Lodger album is inspired by Schiele's self-portraits and an image of Schiele appears on the cover of the 2013 single " The Stars (Are Out Tonight) ". Julia Jordan based her 1999 play Tatjana in Color , which

689-696: A particular interest in the young Schiele, buying his drawings, offering to exchange them for some of his own, arranging models for him and introducing him to potential patrons. He also introduced Schiele to the Wiener Werkstätte , the arts and crafts workshop connected with the Secession . Schiele's earliest works between 1907 and 1909 contain strong similarities with those of Klimt, as well as influences from Art Nouveau . In 1908 Schiele had his first exhibition, in Klosterneuburg . Schiele left

742-655: A year a definitive style featuring emaciated, sickly-coloured figures, often with strong sexual overtones. Schiele also began painting and drawing children. Schiele began to participate in what would be numerous group exhibitions, including those of the Neukunstgruppe in Prague in 1910 and Budapest in 1912; the Sonderbund , Cologne , in 1912; and several Secessionist shows in Munich , beginning in 1911. In 1911, at

795-587: The Arts Council of Great Britain produced a documentary film, Schiele in Prison , which looked at the circumstances of Schiele's imprisonment and the veracity of his diary. In 2016 another biographical film was released, Egon Schiele: Death and the Maiden (German: Egon Schiele: Tod und Mädchen ). Joanna Scott 's 1990 novel Arrogance was based on Schiele's life and makes him the main figure. His life

848-569: The Fürstliche freie Zeichenschule Weimar ( Weimar Princely Free Drawing School ), which existed from 1776-1930, and the Staatliche Bauschule Weimar (State Architecture / Building Trades School). After various mergers, restructurings and renamings, the present day Bauhaus-Universität Weimar , founded in 1996 after German reunification , operates on the former Bauhaus site, teaching art and design related courses. Quite

901-634: The Kunstgewerbeschule (School of Arts and Crafts) in Vienna , where Gustav Klimt had once studied. Within his first year there, Schiele was sent, at the insistence of several faculty members, to the more traditional Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Vienna in 1906. His main teacher at the academy was Christian Griepenkerl , a painter whose strict doctrine and ultra-conservative style frustrated and dissatisfied Schiele so much that he left after three years. In 1907, Schiele sought out Gustav Klimt, who generously mentored younger artists. Klimt took

954-718: The Universität der Künste Berlin (UdK) ( Berlin University of the Arts ). A separate school, on a neighbouring site, the Großherzoglich-Sächsische Kunstschule Weimar ( Grand-Ducal Saxon Art School, Weimar ), was founded in 1860 and 1910 it became a higher education institute named the Großherzoglich Sächsische Hochschule für Bildende Kunst (Grand-Ducal Saxon School for Fine Arts). In 1919

1007-540: The 1909 Vienna Kunstschau , where he encountered the work of Edvard Munch , Jan Toorop , and Vincent van Gogh among others. Once free of the academy's constraints, Schiele began to explore not only the human form, but also sexuality. Schiele's work was already daring, but it went a bold step further with the inclusion of Klimt's decorative eroticism and figurative distortions. He also painted tributes to Van Gogh 's Sunflowers as well as landscapes and still lifes. In 1910, Schiele began experimenting with nudes and within

1060-614: The Artist's Wife was owned by Karl Mayländer , a Jewish businessman in Vienna who was killed in Auschwitz . Robin Lehman , the son of Robert Lehman , bought Portrait of the Artist's Wife (1917) in 1964 from Marlborough Gallery in London. Four Trees / Autumn Allée was owned by Josef Morgenstern who was arrested and deported to Auschwitz, where he was murdered. The art gallery of

1113-826: The Egon Schiele-Museum, Tulln , the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere , and the Albertina Graphic Collection , both in Vienna. Viktor Fogarassy collected works by Schiele, including Dämmernde Stadt . Egon Schiele had among his admirers many Jewish art collectors whose collections were looted under the Nazis: in Germany from 1933, in Austria from the Anschluss of 1938, and in France from

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1166-631: The German occupation of 1940. As a result, numerous restitution cases in the 21st century involve artworks by Schiele. Egon Schiele's Dead City , "Woman in Black Pinafore" (1911) and "Woman Hiding Her Face" (1912) were owned by Jewish cabaret artist and film star Fritz Grünbaum before the Nazis deported him to the Dachau concentration camp. Krumau (1916) was owned by Daisy Hellmann until it

1219-555: The Jewish art dealer Lea Bondi Jaray , owner of the famous Portrait of Wally, was seized by the Nazis prior to his escaping to London. Wilted Sunflowers, which had been owned by Jewish art collector Karl Grunwald and seized by Nazis in Strasbourg, was discovered after a private collector took it to Christies for evaluation in 2005. Portrait of Wally , a 1912 portrait, was purchased by Rudolf Leopold in 1954 and became part of

1272-577: The Premio Letterario Edoardo Kihlgren award for a debut novel in 2024. Schiele's life and work have also been the subject of essays, including a discussion of his works by fashion photographer Richard Avedon in an essay on portraiture entitled "Borrowed Dogs." Mario Vargas Llosa uses the work of Schiele as a conduit to seduce and morally exploit a main character in his 1997 novel The Notebooks of Don Rigoberto . Wes Anderson 's film The Grand Budapest Hotel features

1325-546: The Secession's 49th exhibition, held in Vienna in 1918. Schiele had fifty works accepted for this exhibition, and they were displayed in the main hall. He also designed a poster for the exhibition; it was reminiscent of the Last Supper , with a portrait of himself in the place of Christ . The show was a triumphant success. As a result, prices for Schiele's drawings increased and he received many portrait commissions. In

1378-550: The academy in 1909, after completing his third year, and founded the Neukunstgruppe ("New Art Group") with other dissatisfied students. In his early years, Schiele was strongly influenced by Klimt and Kokoschka . Although imitations of their styles, particularly with the former, are noticeably visible in Schiele's first works, he soon evolved his own distinctive style. Klimt invited Schiele to exhibit some of his work at

1431-445: The age of twenty-one, Schiele met the seventeen-year-old Walburga (Wally) Neuzil , who lived with him in Vienna and served as a model for some of his most striking paintings. She had previously modelled for Gustav Klimt and might have been one of his mistresses. Schiele and Wally wanted to escape what they perceived as the claustrophobic Viennese milieu, and went to the small town of Český Krumlov (Krumau) in southern Bohemia . Krumau

1484-568: The anniversary of the wedding of Schiele's parents. Although Schiele avoided conscription for almost a year, World War I now began to shape his life and work. Three days after his wedding, Schiele was ordered to report for active service in the army where he was initially stationed in Prague . Edith came with him and stayed in a hotel in the city, while Egon lived in an exhibition hall with his fellow conscripts. They were allowed by Schiele's commanding officer to see each other occasionally. During

1537-616: The autumn of 1918, the Spanish flu pandemic reached Vienna. Edith, who was six months pregnant, died from the disease on 28 October. Schiele died only three days after his wife. He was 28 years old. During the three days between their deaths, Schiele drew a few sketches of Edith. Jane Kallir has described Schiele's work as grotesque, erotic, pornographic, or disturbing, with a focus on sex, death, and discovery. He focused on portraits of others as well as himself. In his later years, while he still worked often with nudes, they were done in

1590-633: The buildings used by the former Kunstgewerbeschule and the neighbouring Hochschule für Bildende Kunst became the base of the newly founded Bauhaus art school. The buildings, designed by Henry van de Velde between 1904 and 1911, are now part of the Bauhaus World Heritage Site . The Bauhaus moved from Weimar to Dessau in 1925. The buildings in Weimar were used by successor arts related educational institutions. There were also other art schools, at other sites, in Weimar, including

1643-731: The collection of the Leopold Museum when it was established by the Austrian government, purchasing more than 5,000 pieces that Leopold had owned. After a 1997–1998 exhibit of Schiele's work at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City , the painting was seized by order of the New York County District Attorney and had been tied up in litigation by heirs of its former owner who claim that the painting

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1696-530: The couple moved to Neulengbach , 35 km (22 mi) west of Vienna, seeking inspirational surroundings and an inexpensive studio in which to work. As had been the case in the capital, young people and teenagers gathered in Schiele's new studio in Neulengbach. Schiele's way of life aroused much animosity among the town's inhabitants, and in April 1912 he was arrested under suspicion of kidnapping and seducing

1749-601: The drawings ("depicting a very young girl dressed only above the waist" ) over a candle flame. The twenty-one days he had already spent in custody were taken into account, and he was sentenced to a further three days' imprisonment. While in prison, Schiele created a series of paintings depicting his jail cell. In 1913, the Galerie Hans Goltz , Munich, mounted Schiele's first solo show. A solo exhibition of his work took place in Paris in 1914. In 1914, Schiele glimpsed

1802-485: The police seized more than a hundred drawings which they considered pornographic. Schiele was imprisoned while awaiting his trial. When his case was brought before a judge, the charges of seduction and abduction were dropped, but the artist was found guilty of exhibiting erotic drawings in a place accessible to children. In court, the judge burned one of the offending drawings over a candle flame. The twenty-one days he had already spent in custody were taken into account, and he

1855-546: The renowned Bauhaus art school had previously studied at Kunstgewerbeschulen. In order of date opened: During the Nazi period, in 1936, the school was renamed the Meisterschule des deutschen Handwerks der Reichshauptstadt (Master school of German trades of the imperial capital city). After the war it was again renamed as the Meisterschule für das Kunsthandwerk (Master school for arts and crafts). In 1952 it moved into

1908-483: The sisters Edith and Adéle Harms, who lived with their parents across the street from his studio in the Viennese district of Hietzing, 101 Hietzinger Hauptstraße. They were a middle-class family and Protestant by faith; their father was a master locksmith . In 1915, Schiele chose to marry the more socially acceptable Edith, but had apparently expected to continue his relationship with Wally. However, when he explained

1961-505: The situation to Wally, she left him immediately and never saw him again. This abandonment led him to paint Death and the Maiden , where Wally's portrait is based on a previous pairing, but Schiele's is newly struck. (In February 1915, Schiele wrote a note to his friend Arthur Roessler stating: "I intend to get married, advantageously. Not to Wally." Despite some opposition from the Harms family, Schiele and Edith were married on 17 June 1915,

2014-543: The song Santa Maria) "...With Santa Maria, I was trying to write a song about Egon Schiele, and about him and his girlfriend, while they were both dying from Spanish flu...". The novel The Flames (Doubleday, 2022) by the British author Sophie Haydock blends fact and fiction to tell a story of Schiele's four most significant muses. The book was named one of the best historical fiction novels of 2022 by The Times . The Italian translation, Le Fiamme (Salani, 2023), won

2067-467: The town's teenage girls as his models. Then they moved to Neulengbach, seeking inspirational surroundings and an inexpensive studio in which to work. As previously, Schiele's studio became a gathering place for Neulengbach's delinquent children. Schiele's way of life aroused much animosity among the town's inhabitants, and in April 1912 he was arrested for seducing a young girl below the age of consent. When they came to his studio to place him under arrest,

2120-532: The war, Schiele's paintings became larger and more detailed. His military service, however, gave him limited time, and much of his output consisted of linear drawings of scenery and military officers. Around this time, Schiele also began experimenting with the themes of motherhood and family. His wife Edith was the model for most of his female figures, but during the war (due to circumstance) many of his sitters were male. Since 1915, Schiele's female nudes became fuller in figure, but many were deliberately illustrated with

2173-520: The world auction record for a work on paper by the artist to £7.88 million. On 21 June 2013 Auctionata in Berlin sold a watercolor from 1916, Reclining Woman , at an online auction for €1.827 million (US$ 2.418 million). This is a world record for the most expensive work of art ever sold at an online auction. Sources Kunstgewerbeschule A Kunstgewerbeschule (English: School of Arts and Crafts or S chool of Applied Arts )

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2226-544: Was Nazi plunder and should be returned to them. The dispute was settled on 20 July 2010 and the picture subsequently purchased by the Leopold Museum for US$ 19 million. In 2013, the museum sold three drawings by Schiele for £14 million at Sotheby's London in order to settle the restitution claim over its 1914 Schiele painting Houses by the Sea . The most expensive, Liebespaar (Selbstdarstellung mit Wally) (1914/15), or Two lovers (Self Portrait With Wally) , raised

2279-623: Was a mentor to Schiele. Schiele was born in 1890 in Tulln , Lower Austria . His father, Adolf Schiele, the station master of the Tulln station in the Austrian State Railways , was born in 1851 in Vienna to Karl Ludwig Schiele, a German from Ballenstedt and Aloisia Schimak; Egon Schiele's mother Marie, née Soukup, was born in 1861 in Český Krumlov (Krumau) to Franz Soukup, a Czech father from Mirkovice , and Aloisia Poferl,

2332-427: Was a painter and decorator when he first met him), even gave him a disused store room to use as a studio. Since Schiele was in charge of the food stores in the camp, he and Edith could enjoy food beyond rations. By 1917, he was back in Vienna and able to focus on his artistic career. His output was prolific, and his work reflected the maturity of an artist in full command of his talents. He was invited to participate in

2385-500: Was a type of vocational arts school that existed in German-speaking countries from the mid-19th century. The term Werkkunstschule was also used for these schools. From the 1920s and after World War II , most of them either merged into universities or closed, although some continued until the 1970s. Students generally started at these schools from the ages of 16 to 20 years old, although sometimes as young as 14, and undertook

2438-502: Was also depicted in a theatrical dance production by Stephan Mazurek called Egon Schiele , presented in May 1995, for which Rachel's , an American post-rock group, composed a score titled Music for Egon Schiele . For The Featherstonehaughs contemporary dance company, Lea Anderson choreographed The Featherstonehaughs Draw On The Sketchbooks Of Egon Schiele in 1997. Glen Hansard, lead singer of Irish band The Frames , said (of writing

2491-407: Was an Austrian Expressionist painter . His work is noted for its intensity and its raw sexuality, and for the many self-portraits the artist produced, including nude self-portraits. The twisted body shapes and the expressive line that characterize Schiele's paintings and drawings mark the artist as an early exponent of Expressionism . Gustav Klimt , a figurative painter of the early 20th century,

2544-780: Was produced off-Broadway at The Culture Project during the fall of 2003, on a fictionalization of the relationship between Schiele and the 12-year-old Tatjana von Mossig, the Neulengbach girl whose morals he was ultimately convicted of corrupting for allowing her to see his paintings. The opening chapters of Guy Mankowski 's 2017 novel An Honest Deceit were cited to be heavily influenced by Schiele's paintings; in particular his portrayals of his sister, Gertrude. The Leopold Museum , Vienna houses perhaps Schiele's most important and complete collection of work, featuring over 200 exhibits. The museum sold one of these, Houses With Colorful Laundry (Suburb II) , for $ 40.1 million at Sotheby's in 2011. Other notable collections of Schiele's art include

2597-789: Was seized by Nazis in 1942. She first made a restitution claim in 1948 but her heirs were not able to recover the Schiele until 2002: Austria's Nazi looting organization, the Vugesta , had auctioned Krumau at the Dorotheum in Vienna on 24–27 February 1942, where the Sanct Lucas gallery bought it on behalf of Wolfgang Gurlitt . In 1953, the City of Linz acquired it for the Neue Galerie in Linz. The 1917 painting by Egon Schiele, Portrait of

2650-426: Was sentenced to a further three days imprisonment. While in prison, Schiele created a series of 12 paintings depicting the difficulties and discomfort of being locked in a jail cell. This Lower Austria location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Egon Schiele Egon Leo Adolf Ludwig Schiele ( German: [ˈeːɡɔn ˈʃiːlə] ; 12 June 1890 – 31 October 1918)

2703-528: Was the birthplace of Schiele's mother; today it is the site of a museum dedicated to Schiele. Despite Schiele's family connections in Krumau, he and his lover were driven out of the town by the residents, who strongly disapproved of their lifestyle , including his alleged employment of the town's teenage girls as models. Progressively, Schiele's work grew more complex and thematic, and he eventually would begin dealing with themes such as death and rebirth. Together

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2756-478: Was the subject of the 1980 biographical film Excess and Punishment (aka Egon Schiele – Exzess und Bestrafung ), originating in Germany with a European cast that explores Schiele's artistic demons leading up to his early death. The film was directed by Herbert Vesely and stars Mathieu Carrière as Schiele, Jane Birkin as his early artistic muse Wally Neuzil, Christine Kaufman as his wife, Edith Harms, and Kristina Van Eyck as her sister, Adele Harms. Also in 1980,

2809-402: Was usually in classes made up of younger pupils. He also displayed a sexual interest in his younger sister Gertrude (who was known as Gerti ), and his father once broke down the door of a locked room that Egon and Gerti were in to see what they were doing, only to discover them developing film. When he was sixteen he took the twelve-year-old Gerti by train to Trieste without permission and spent

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