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53-752: This system has also been referred to as the ALW cipher and the New Aeon English Qabalah ( NAEQ ) by other writers. The practice of using alphabetic letters to represent numbers developed in the Greek city of Miletus , and is thus known as the Milesian system. Early examples include vase graffiti dating to the 6th century BCE. Aristotle wrote that the Pythgoraean tradition , founded in the 6th century by Pythagoras of Samos , practiced isopsephy ,

106-633: A mi-ra-ti-ja , Mycenaean Greek for "women from Miletus", written in Linear B syllabic script. During the collapse of Bronze Age civilization, Miletus was burnt again, presumably by the Sea Peoples . Mythographers told that Neleus, a son of Codrus the last King of Athens , had come to Miletus after the " Return of the Heraclids " (so, during the Greek Dark Ages ). The Ionians killed

159-464: A "sacred" cave which belonged to the cult of Asklepius . The ruins appear on satellite maps at 37°31.8'N 27°16.7'E, about 3 km north of Balat and 3 km east of Batıköy in Aydın Province , Turkey . In antiquity the city possessed a harbor at the southern entry of a large bay, on which two more of the traditional twelve Ionian cities stood: Priene and Myus . The harbor of Miletus

212-539: A 12-year war fought against the Lydian Empire . Thrasybulus was an ally of the famous Corinthian tyrant Periander . Miletus was an important center of philosophy and science, producing such men as Thales , Anaximander and Anaximenes . Referring to this period, religious studies professor F. E. Peters described pan-deism as "the legacy of the Milesians". By the 6th century BC, Miletus had earned

265-459: A diagonal line and a circled cross. The Book of the Law states that the book should only be printed with Crowley's hand-written version included, causing Crowley to surmise that there were mysteries in the "chance shape of the letters and their position to one another" of his own handwriting. As there are ten squares per column, this method is equivalent to taking every eleventh letter of the alphabet as

318-610: A joint expedition by the Hittite king and a Luwian vassal (probably Kupanta-Kurunta of Mira) against Miletus, and notes that the city (together with Atriya) was now under Hittite control. Homer mentions that during the time of the Trojan War , Miletus was an ally of Troy and was city of the Carians , under Nastes and Amphimachus . In the last stage of LHIIIB, the citadel of Bronze Age Pylos counted among its female slaves

371-449: A large area of land to cement their friendship, and it remained under Egyptian sway until the end of the century. Aristides of Miletus , founder of the bawdy Miletian school of literature , flourished in the 2nd century BC. After an alliance with Rome, in 133 BC the city became part of the province of Asia. Miletus benefited from Roman rule and most of the present monuments date to this period. The New Testament mentions Miletus as

424-521: A maritime empire with many colonies, but brushed up against powerful Lydia at home, and the tyrant Polycrates of its neighbor to the west, Samos . When Cyrus of Persia defeated Croesus of Lydia in the middle of the 6th century BC, Miletus fell under Persian rule. In 499 BC, Miletus's tyrant Aristagoras became the leader of the Ionian Revolt against the Persians, who, under Darius

477-418: A sequence of numbers to be interpreted. Yet another method is to replace a word with other words of the same value in a sentence or verse in order to clarify the meaning of the word in that specific context. The first report of the system known as English Qaballa (EQ) was published in 1979 by Ray Sherwin in an editorial in the final issue of his journal, The New Equinox . In his editorial, Sherwin reported that

530-482: A time of Ionian settlement and consolidation in an alliance called the Ionian League . The Archaic Period of Greece began with a sudden and brilliant flash of art and philosophy on the coast of Anatolia . In the 6th century BC, Miletus was the site of origin of the Greek philosophical (and scientific) tradition, when Thales , followed by Anaximander and Anaximenes (known collectively, to modern scholars, as

583-533: Is known to have early ties with Megara in Greece. According to some scholars, these two cities had built up a "colonisation alliance". In the 7th/6th century BC they acted in accordance with each other. Both cities acted under the leadership and sanction of an Apollo oracle. Megara cooperated with that of Delphi . Miletus had her own oracle of Apollo Didymeus Milesios in Didyma . Also, there are many parallels in

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636-588: The Carians . Later in that century other Greeks arrived. The city at that time rebelled against the Hittite Empire . After the fall of that empire the city was destroyed in the 12th century BC and starting about 1000 BC was resettled extensively by the Ionian Greeks . Legend offers an Ionian foundation event sponsored by a founder named Neleus from the Peloponnesus . The Greek Dark Ages were

689-597: The Latmus region inland of Miletus suggests that a lightly grazed climax forest prevailed in the Maeander valley, otherwise untenanted. Sparse Neolithic settlements were made at springs , numerous and sometimes geothermal in this karst, rift valley topography. The islands offshore were settled perhaps for their strategic significance at the mouth of the Maeander, a route inland protected by escarpments . The graziers in

742-486: The Milesian school ), began to speculate about the material constitution of the world, and to propose speculative naturalistic (as opposed to traditional, supernatural) explanations for various natural phenomena. The earliest available archaeological evidence indicates that the islands on which Miletus was originally placed were inhabited by a Neolithic population in 3500–3000 BC. Pollen in core samples from Lake Bafa in

795-451: The order and then assigning them sequential values : English Qaballa comprisese the following methods: An additional method involves summing the word progressively (e.g. 'word' yields 'w' = 3, 'wo' = 10, 'wor' = 22, and 'word' = 28). These successive values are then interpreted as a sequence which may elucidate the meaning of the word. A further method is to divide word into two or more parts, then sum each part separately, again producing

848-575: The "order & value of the English Alphabet" had been described by an English magician, James Lees, in November 1976. Lees subsequently assumed the role of publisher of The New Equinox and, starting in 1981, published additional material about the EQ system over the course of five issues of the journal, extending into 1982. The first software designed to perform textual analysis of Liber AL and

901-772: The Book of the Law: An English Qaballa Primer by Cath Thompson. An account of the discovery, exploration, and continuing research and development of the system up to 2010, by James Lees and members of his group in England, is detailed in her 2018 book, All This and a Book . In 2020, Lon Milo DuQuette wrote "[...] I cannot hide my personal enthusiasm concerning the English Qaballa [...] and marvelous work being done by Jake Stratton-Kent and others who are continuing to develop and enrich it. They deserve

954-598: The Cretan Miletus and named the city after that Miletus, the place formerly being in possession of the Leleges . The legends recounted as history by the ancient historians and geographers are perhaps the strongest; the late mythographers have nothing historically significant to relate. Recorded history at Miletus begins with the records of the Hittite Empire and the Mycenaean records of Pylos and Knossos , in

1007-574: The German archaeologists Julius Hülsen and Theodor Wiegand between 1899 and 1931. Excavations, however, were interrupted several times by wars and various other events. Carl Weickart excavated for a short season in 1938 and again between 1955 and 1957. He was followed by Gerhard Kleiner and then by Wolfgang Muller-Wiener. Today, excavations are organized by the Ruhr University of Bochum , Germany . One remarkable artifact recovered from

1060-505: The Great , quashed this rebellion and punished Miletus by selling all of the women and children into slavery, killing the men, and expelling all of the young men as eunuchs, thereby assuring that no Miletus citizen would ever be born again. A year afterward, Phrynicus produced the tragedy The Capture of Miletus in Athens. The Athenians fined him for reminding them of their loss. In 479 BC,

1113-529: The Greek predecessor of Hebrew gematria . Pythagoras was a contemporary of the philosophers Anaximander , Anaximenes , and the historian Hecataeus , all of whom lived in Miletus, across the sea from Samos . The Milesian system was in common use by the reign of Alexander the Great (336–323 BCE) and was adopted by other cultures during the subsequent Hellenistic period . It was officially adopted in Egypt during

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1166-563: The Greeks decisively defeated the Persians on the Greek mainland at the Battle of Plataea , and Miletus was freed from Persian rule. During this time several other cities were formed by Milesian settlers, spanning across what is now Turkey and even as far as Crimea . The city's gridlike layout became famous, serving as the basic layout for Roman cities. In 387 BC, the Peace of Antalcidas gave

1219-495: The Late Bronze Age. Miletus was a Mycenaean stronghold on the coast of Asia Minor from c.  1450 to 1100 BC. In c.  1320 BC , the city supported an anti-Hittite rebellion of Uhha-Ziti of nearby Arzawa . Muršili ordered his generals Mala-Ziti and Gulla to raid Millawanda, and they proceeded to burn parts of it; damage from LHIIIA found on-site has been associated with this raid. In addition

1272-520: The Law . In this text was the injunction found at verse 2:55; "Thou shalt obtain the order & value of the English Alphabet, thou shalt find new symbols to attribute them unto" which was understood by Crowley as referring to an English Qabalah yet to be developed or revealed. The "order & value" proposed by James Lees lays the letters out on the grid superimposed on the page of manuscript of Liber AL on which this verse (Ch. III, v. 47) appears (sheet 16 of Chapter III). Also appearing on this page are

1325-704: The New Testament account, the apostle Paul stopped on his way back to Jerusalem by boat. He met the Ephesian Elders and then headed out to the beach to bid them farewell, recorded in the book of Acts 20:17-38. During the Pleistocene epoch the Miletus region was submerged in the Aegean Sea . It subsequently emerged slowly, the sea reaching a low level of about 130 meters (430 ft) below present level at about 18,000  BP . The site of Miletus

1378-538: The Persian Achaemenid Empire under king Artaxerxes II control of the Greek city-states of Ionia , including Miletus. In 358 BC, Artaxerxes II died and was succeeded by his son Artaxerxes III , who, in 355 BC, forced Athens to conclude a peace, which required its forces to leave Asia Minor (Anatolia) and acknowledge the independence of its rebellious allies. In 334 BC, the Siege of Miletus by

1431-433: The Persians in 494 BC. In 295 BC, Antigonus I's son Demetrius Poliorcetes was the eponymous archon (stephanephorus) in the city, which allied with Ptolemy I Soter of Egypt, while Lysimachus assumed power in the region, enforcing a strict policy towards the Greek cities by imposing high taxes, forcing Miletus to resort to lending. Around 287/286 BC Demetrius Poliorcetes returned, but failed to maintain his possessions and

1484-521: The admiration and thanks of every student of modern magick." Miletus Miletus ( / m aɪ ˈ l iː t ə s / ; Greek : Μῑ́λητος , romanized :  Mī́lētos ; Hittite : 𒈪𒅋𒆷𒉿𒀭𒁕 Mīllawānda or 𒈪𒆷𒉿𒋫 Milawata ( exonyms ); Latin : Mīlētus ; Turkish : Milet ) was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Ionia . Its ruins are located near

1537-505: The city and grant autonomy, restoring the democratic patrimonial regime. In 301 BC, after Antigonus I was killed in the Battle of Ipsus by the coalition of Lysimachus , Cassander , and Seleucus I Nicator , founder of the Seleucid Empire , Miletus maintained good relations with all the successors after Seleucus I Nicator made substantial donations to the sanctuary of Didyma and returned the statue of Apollo that had been stolen by

1590-689: The city during the first excavations of the 19th century, the Market Gate of Miletus , was transported piece by piece to Germany and reassembled. It is currently exhibited at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin . The main collection of artifacts resides in the Miletus Museum in Didim , Aydın , serving since 1973. Archaeologists discovered a cave under the city's theatre and believe that it is

1643-566: The early and middle Bronze Age the settlement came under Minoan influence. Recorded history at Miletus begins with the records of the Hittite Empire, and the Mycenaean records of Pylos and Knossos , in the Late Bronze Age. Miletus was a Mycenaean stronghold on the coast of Asia Minor from c.  1450 to 1100 BC. The 13th century BC saw the arrival of Luwian language speakers from south central Anatolia calling themselves

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1696-486: The existence of a purported English Qabala, my first reaction as a qabalist was to use it on this meaningless string of digits and characters. I converted all the letters into their numerical equivalents in the E.Q., and added them to the numbers in the series. In the original handwritten text, the string of letters and numbers is divided into two lines, the first ending with "Y" and the second beginning with "X". Stratton-Kent says, There are seventeen numbers and letters in

1749-445: The first line and eleven in the second ... but in the manuscript the 'X' at the beginning of line two looks like a multiplication symbol, so I made this calculation; 17x11=187, the numerical value of the phrase ENGLISH ALPHABET. Little, if any, further material on English Qaballa was published until the appearance of Jake Stratton-Kent's book, The Serpent Tongue: Liber 187 , in 2011. This was followed in 2016 by The Magickal Language of

1802-515: The forces of Alexander the Great of Macedonia conquered the city. The conquest of most of the rest of Asia Minor soon followed. In this period, the city reached its greatest extent, occupying within its walls an area of approximately 90 hectares (220 acres). When Alexander died in 323 BC, Miletus came under the control of Ptolemy, governor of Caria , and his satrap of Lydia, Asander , who had become autonomous. In 312 BC, Macedonian general Antigonus I Monophthalmus sent Docimus and Medeius to free

1855-582: The hill beside the city, was built at this time. Miletus was headed by a curator . Seljuk Turks conquered the city in the 14th century and used Miletus as a port to trade with Venice . In the 15th century, the Ottomans utilized the city as a harbour during their rule in Anatolia . As the harbour became silted up, the city was abandoned. Due to ancient and subsequent deforestation , overgrazing (mostly by goat herds), erosion and soil degradation ,

1908-477: The men of Miletus and married their Carian widows. This is the mythical commencement of the enduring alliance between Athens and Miletus, which played an important role in the subsequent Persian Wars . The city of Miletus became one of the twelve Ionian city-states of Asia Minor to form the Ionian League . Miletus was one of the cities involved in the Lelantine War of the 8th century BC. Miletus

1961-511: The modern village of Balat in Aydın Province , Turkey . Before the Persian rule that started in the 6th century BC, Miletus was considered among the greatest and wealthiest of Greek cities. Evidence of the first settlement at the site has been made inaccessible by the rise of sea level and deposition of sediments from the Maeander. The first available evidence is of the Neolithic . In

2014-460: The other Holy Books of Thelema was written in 1984-5 by Trevor Langford. Langford subsequently worked with Jake Stratton-Kent on The Equinox: British Journal of Thelema , in which further original material on EQ was summarized by Stratton-Kent in the March 1988 issue. Early on, Jim Lees also proposed a solution. In the original handwritten text, the string of letters and numbers in the 76th verse of

2067-534: The political organisation of both cities. According to Pausanias , the Megarians said that their town owed its origin to Car , the son of Phoroneus , who built the city citadel called 'Caria'. This 'Car of Megara' may or may not be one and the same as the 'Car of the Carians', also known as Car (King of Caria) . In the late 7th century BC, the tyrant Thrasybulus preserved the independence of Miletus during

2120-487: The reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (284–246 BCE). The first system of English gematria was used by the poet John Skelton in 1523 in his poem "The Garland of Laurel". In 1532, Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa defined an analogue of the Greek system of isopsephy in his work De Occulta Philosopha . Agrippa based his system on the order of the Classical Latin alphabet, appending the four additional letters in use at

2173-465: The ruins of the city lie some 10 km (6.2 mi) from the sea with sediments filling the plain and bare hill ridges without soils and trees, a maquis shrubland remaining. The Ilyas Bey Complex from 1403 with its mosque is a Europa Nostra awarded cultural heritage site in Miletus. The first excavations in Miletus were conducted by the French archaeologist Olivier Rayet in 1873, followed by

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2226-419: The same visit as Acts 20 (in which Trophimus accompanied Paul all the way to Jerusalem, according to Acts 21:29), Paul must have made at least one additional visit to Miletus, perhaps as late as 65 or 66 AD. Paul's previous successful three-year ministry in nearby Ephesus resulted in the evangelization of the entire province of Asia (see Acts 19:10, 20; 1 Corinthians 16:9). It is safe to assume that at least by

2279-399: The second chapter is divided into two lines, the first ending with "Y" and the second beginning with "X". Jake Stratton-Kent thought that in the manuscript the 'X' at the beginning of line two looked like a multiplication symbol, so he added each line's values together and multiplied them; 17x11=187, the numerical value of the phrase "English alphabet", which he felt confirmed the correctness of

2332-823: The site where the Apostle Paul in 57 AD met the elders of the church of Ephesus near the close of his Third Missionary Journey, as recorded in Acts of the Apostles (Acts 20:15–38). It is believed that Paul stopped by the Great Harbour Monument and sat on its steps. He might have met the Ephesian elders there and then bade them farewell on the nearby beach. Miletus is also the city where Paul left Trophimus , one of his travelling companions, to recover from an illness ( 2 Timothy 4:20). Because this cannot be

2385-437: The site. For some centuries the location received a strong impulse from that civilization, an archaeological fact that tends to support but not necessarily confirm the founding legend—that is, a population influx from Crete . According to Strabo : Ephorus says: Miletus was first founded and fortified above the sea by Cretans, where the Miletus of olden times is now situated, being settled by Sarpedon, who brought colonists from

2438-441: The system. 4 6 3 8 A B K 2 4 A L G M O R 3 Y X 24 89 R P S T O V A L. What meaneth this, o prophet? Thou knowest not; nor shalt thou know ever. There cometh one to follow thee: he shall expound it. But remember, o chosen one, to be me; to follow the love of Nu in the star-lit heaven; to look forth upon men, to tell them this glad word. In 1988, Stratton-Kent described this solution. He wrote: When I first had my attention drawn to

2491-720: The time after Z, including the still-in-use letters J (600), U (700), and W (900). Agrippa was the mentor of English magician John Dee , who makes reference to the Agrippa code in Theorem XVI of his 1564 book, Monas Hieroglyphica . Other variations are detailed in Underwood Dudley's Numerology, Or, What Pythagoras Wrought . In 1904, Aleister Crowley wrote out in English the text of the foundational document of his world-view, known as Liber AL vel Legis , The Book of

2544-521: The time of the apostle's second visit to Miletus, a fledgling Christian community was established in Miletus. In 262 new city walls were built. However the harbour was silting up and the economy was in decline. In 538 emperor Justinian rebuilt the walls but it had become a small town. During the Byzantine age the see of Miletus was raised to an archbishopric and later a metropolitan bishopric . The small Byzantine castle called Palation located on

2597-469: The town of Atriya was under Milesian jurisdiction. The Manapa-Tarhunta letter also mentions Atpa. Together the two letters tell that the adventurer Piyama-Radu had humiliated Manapa-Tarhunta before Atpa (in addition to other misadventures); a Hittite king then chased Piyama-Radu into Millawanda and, in the Tawagalawa letter, requested Piyama-Radu's extradition to Hatti . The Milawata letter mentions

2650-606: The town was fortified according to a Hittite plan. Miletus is then mentioned in the " Tawagalawa letter ", part of a series including the Manapa-Tarhunta letter and the Milawata letter , all of which are less securely dated. The Tawagalawa letter notes that Milawata had a governor, Atpa , who was under the jurisdiction of Ahhiyawa (a growing state probably in LHIIIB Mycenaean Greece ); and that

2703-556: The valley may have belonged to them, but the location looked to the sea. The prehistoric archaeology of the Early and Middle Bronze Age portrays a city heavily influenced by society and events elsewhere in the Aegean, rather than inland. The earliest Minoan settlement of Miletus dates to 2000 BC. Beginning at about 1900 BC artifacts of the Minoan civilization acquired by trade arrived at

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2756-542: Was additionally protected by the nearby small island of Lade. Over the centuries the gulf silted up with alluvium carried by the Meander River. Priene and Myus had lost their harbors by the Roman era, and Miletus itself became an inland town in the early Christian era; all three were abandoned to ruin as their economies were strangled by the lack of access to the sea. There is a Great Harbor Monument where, according to

2809-522: Was imprisoned in Syria. Nicocles of Sidon, the commander of Demetrius' fleet surrendered the city. Lysimachus dominated until 281 BC, when he was defeated by the Seleucids at the Battle of Corupedium . In 280/279 BC the Milesians adopted a new chronological system based on the Seleucids. In 279 BC, the city was taken from Seleucid king Antiochus II by Egyptian king Ptolemy II Philadelphus , who donated

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