This is a list of towns in England .
61-547: Farnworth is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton , Greater Manchester , England, 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of Bolton , 4 miles south-west of Bury (7 km), and 8 miles (12.9 km) northwest of Manchester . Within the historic county of Lancashire , Farnworth lies on the River Irwell and River Croal . At the 2011 Census , it had a population of 26,939. Farnworth derives from
122-408: A "community of interest" with the town and should be included within the borough boundaries. Where suburban areas had a sufficiently large population and distinct identity they might form a county division rather than be included in the borough. If boroughs were extended, existing "well-established" boundaries were to be used if possible. Where boroughs were to be divided, the population of each division
183-465: A 1% single-party swing to the Conservatives and so a gain of only 10 seats and a similar gain of 11 seats by Independent Liberals , the latter often slightly more radical (redistributive) than both mainstream parties. The sudden balance of power of the seats held or won by Irish Parliamentary Party candidates galvanised those opposed to Home Rule. This third party power of veto coupled with
244-519: A Commons vote on party lines, the Conservative neutralised one of the Liberals, so that the borough counted for one party-based vote albeit having greater and slightly more equalised non-partisan local issue representation. By contrast the mid-size boroughs with two members such as the new creations – wherever they so happened to have two MPs of the same party – produced twice the voting power in
305-428: A charter, including market towns and ancient boroughs . The process of incorporation was reformed in 1835 and many more places received borough charters, whilst others were lost. All existing boroughs were abolished on 1 April 1974 and borough status was reformed as a civic honour for local government districts. At the same time a limited number of former boroughs and other settlements became successor parishes , with
366-438: A direct, clear consequence: it hastened the decline of the domination of Parliament by the aristocracy (formed of those who had won Royal and often military favour and their heirs, many of whom were accurately referred to as the 'landed gentry'). After 1885, for the first time, MPs connected to industry and commerce outnumbered those closely related to the gentry. The Lords immediately stood out therefore as non-representative of
427-616: A dissolution of Parliament before the reforms could be enacted. The Lords duly rejected the bill and returned it to the Commons, provoking outrage among the Radical wing of the Liberals. A campaign organised around the slogan "The Peers Against the People" called for reform or abolition of the Lords if they rejected the bill a second time. During October 1884 Queen Victoria intervened in what
488-711: A new party to stand at the next election in 1886, the Liberal Unionists who were willing to govern with Conservatives. Liberals were unable to rely on any Lords' majorities (ratification) on their Bills from 1885 until the Parliament Act 1911 . The 1911 Act ended the equal power of the House of Lords forever, constitutionally . 132 small areas ("parliamentary boroughs") were merged with part or all of their surrounding county constituency, all of which had previously returned two members. Courted for decades with
549-501: A saturnalia which was first celebrated in September, 1827, when bull-baiting, badger-baiting, dog fighting, cock fighting, foot racing in almost a state of nudity, grinning through a horse collar, eating a dishful of scalding hot porridge without milk and feeding themselves with their bare hands, and even the more disgusting exhibition of eating a pound of tallow candles, and stripping the wicks through their teeth for wagers, were amongst
610-716: A separate civil parish . In 1899, under the Local Government Act 1894 , Farnworth became an Urban District . In 1939, the district was granted by a charter to become the Municipal Borough of Farnworth . In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972 , the municipal borough was abolished and its area became an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester . Farnworth has two of Bolton Council's 20 wards , which each are represented by three councillors . At first,
671-703: Is also Ellesmere Park on the west side of the town centre, Bradford Street Recreation Ground in New Bury, and Doe Hey Playing Fields in Harper Green. Royal Bolton Hospital (formerly known as the Fishpool Institution , Townleys Hospital, and Bolton General Hospital ) is in Farnworth. An Emergency Department was added when Bolton Royal Infirmary in Bolton closed in the early 1990s and moved to
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#1732801237247732-483: Is always accorded to one who addresses your Lordships for the first time.... Questions of vital moment and importance affecting the safety of the Empire will have to be discussed, and the country will carefully scrutinize them; and the manner in which they are treated by a Parliament elected for the first time under household suffrage will be earnestly watched . [emphasis added] Liberal MPs opposing Home Rule rapidly formed
793-481: Is an amateur theatre group and is situated on Cross Street. The town has two leisure centres. The first is Farnworth Leisure Centre with a swimming pool and is located on Brackley Street. The second one is Harper Green Community Leisure Centre and is located on Harper Green Road. Farnworth has a number of parks and recreation grounds. The largest is Farnworth Park, close to the town centre, has undergone redevelopment as part of Bolton Council's Children's Strategy. There
854-485: Is one of the many Carnegie libraries in Europe established by the industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie . The library was built in 1911 and is constructed of red brick with ashlar sandstone dressings, and flat roofed areas surrounding a central dome. It was designated as a Grade II listed building on 29 September 1999 and celebrated its centenary on 11 April 2011. Farnworth Little Theatre, established in 1948,
915-1110: Is the Parish Church of St John the Evangelist on Church Street and was consecrated in 1826. The two other active Anglican churches in Farnworth are St Catharine's LEP Church, Highfield Road, Dixon Green, which is shared with the Methodist Church , and St George's Church, Daisy Avenue, just off Plodder Lane. There had been other Anglican churches in the town but have closed: St Thomas' Church, Church Walk, Dixon Green, opened in 1878 and closed in 1996 but reopened by Farnworth Christian Fellowship in 2008; All Saints' Church, Moses Gate , opened in 1909 and closed c. 2007 ; St Peter's Church, Bradford Street, New Bury, opened in 1886, closed in 2007, and demolished in 2012; St James' Church, New Bury, opened in 1864/5 and closed in 2013. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford has only one church in Farnworth, Our Lady of Lourdes' Church on Plodder Lane. There had been another, St Gregory
976-466: The 1885 General Election however the new Lords heavy antipathy and the Irish question tore the party apart. The majority of multi-member seats saw cooperation before 1885 whereas under the new one-MP-per-constituency norm, cooperation as patron and protégé or to attract opposing voters was futile. Whig and the most progressive Radical candidates could now be branded "weak", "divided" or "distanced" from
1037-600: The Heywood and Radcliffe constituency , and Farnworth having its own Parliament constituency. The Farnworth constituency continued until it was abolished in 1983 and became part of the Bolton South East constituency . Farnworth measures about two miles from east to west, and one from north to south with an area of 1,502 acres (608 ha) on land sloping towards the north-east by the River Croal which forms
1098-608: The Hultons of Over Hulton . In 1666 there were 91 hearths in Farnworth liable to pay tax. The commons were enclosed in 1798. There was a watermill on the River Croal . The town expanded rapidly in the 18th and 19th centuries around the coal mining industry. The collieries were part of an extensive mine complex, the Worsley Navigable Levels whose underground canals stretched from the Delph at Worsley and linked
1159-704: The Muslim community. Farnworth F.C. is a youth football that plays its home games at Darley Park, with winter training taking place at Harper Green School. Farnworth Cricket Club, founded in 1870, plays its home games at Bridgeman Park. It participates in the Bolton Cricket League , as do Farnworth Social Circle. Farnworth's Harper Green playing field also hosts the home games of Bolton Hockey Club men's section. List of towns in England Historically, towns were any settlement with
1220-510: The Old English fearn , fern and worth an enclosure. Farnworth was recorded as Farneworth and Farnewrth in 1278 and 1279 and Ffornword in a land survey of 1282. Farnworth was originally a hamlet in Barton . In the 13th century it was held by the Lords of Barton and Manchester. By 1320 Adam Lever, Richard Hulton and Richard Redford held the manor as tenants. Later the manor was acquired by
1281-616: The Parnellite party." The reduction in the number of two-member constituencies (elected by the bloc vote system) ended cross-party cooperation : before the Act, in many counties and boroughs the two main parties had agreed to nominate one candidate each, and no election was held. Contested elections became the norm after the Act: 657 of 670 seats were contested at the 1885 general election . The division of former two-member constituencies had
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#17328012372471342-815: The B6199 (Plodder Lane). Farnworth and Moses Gate railway stations are served by Northern which operates services on the Manchester to Preston Line . Farnworth has nine primary schools and three secondary schools. Harper Green School is home to the Alan Ball Sports Hall, as well as the Peter Kay Theatre. In 2006, Peter Kay filmed a music video at Harper Green with the Scottish band Texas . The Anglican Diocese of Manchester has three active places of worship in Farnworth. The oldest
1403-521: The Commons. When the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 was being considered in 1884–85, the limited vote had little support. The redistribution eliminated the three and four member districts and the use of the Limited voting system disappeared. Immediate expansion of the working class electorate caused the number of ' Lib/Lab ' MPs to rise from 2 in 1874 to 13 in 1885. The Act's new seats saw
1464-628: The Commons. In short most peers felt change had gone far and fast enough. The opening words of free thought of the Lords, in its reply to the Queen's Speech came from the Duke of Abercorn who said:- "My Lords, I rise to propose that an humble Address be presented to Her Majesty in reply to the Gracious Speech from the Throne, and in doing this I have to crave that indulgence from your Lordships which
1525-655: The Farnworth site. St Gregory's Catholic Club in Farnworth was used to film television comedy Phoenix Nights . Farnworth is north of junctions 3 and 4 of the M61 motorway . The main roads run through the town are the A666 (Farnworth and Kearsley By-Pass ), the A575 (Egerton St/Albert Rd/Worsley Rd), the A5082 (Buckley Lane/Long Causeway), the A6053 (Bolton Rd/Market St/Manchester Rd), and
1586-630: The Great's Church on Presto Street, but it closed in 2004. Other Christian places of worship in the town include Farnworth Christian Fellowship on Church Walk, Trinity Methodist Church on Market Street, Farnworth Baptist Church on Trafford Street, the United Reformed Church on Albert Road, and the Salvation Army Citadel on Brackley Street. The Sughra Mosque on Granville Street, the only mosque in Farnworth, serves
1647-464: The House as such cities. By the 1880s, continued industrial growth and resulting population movements had resulted in an increased imbalance between the constituencies in terms of the numbers of MPs and the population. William Ewart Gladstone , leading a Liberal government, introduced a Representation of the People Bill in 1884, which sought to greatly extend the franchise but not to alter
1708-690: The House of Lords which began to hemorrhage more Whigs led to electoral landslide victories for the Conservative party in 1886 and 1895 to break the deadlock. Representation decreased from 4 to 3 MPs Representation decreased from 8 to 5 MPs ‡ The Borough of Abingdon was partly in Oxfordshire Representation decreased from 8 to 3 MPs ‡ The Borough of Great Marlow was partly in Berkshire The Buckingham Division absorbed Buckingham and
1769-589: The Liberals. Leonard Courteney , Financial Secretary to the Treasury , felt forced to resign his post and the party whip. Gladstone had held a meeting with Liberal MPs earlier in the day at the Foreign Office , where he defended the bill. He stated that far from being a compromise it was very much a government bill, and that the discussions with the opposition had been conducted with "no party bias". The bill received its second reading on 4 December 1884, and
1830-409: The Queen was "...resolutely opposed [to Irish Home Rule]...convinced that I shall be heartily supported by my Parliament and my people." The Conservative party thinkers and leaders in both houses had now enfranchised the majority of men trusting them to break the deadlock in their favour; in return they had espoused religious freedom and almost completely free trade. The Liberal Party may have won
1891-617: The Wycombe Division absorbed Chipping Wycombe. Representation decreased from 5 to 4 MPs Representation decreased from 14 to 13 MPs ‡ The Boroughs of Stalybridge and Stockport were partly in Lancashire Representation decreased from 13 to 7 MPs Representation decreased from 8 to 6 MPs Representation increased from 8 to 9 MPs Representation decreased from 17 to 13 MPs Representation decreased from 10 to 4 MPs ‡ The Borough of Shaftesbury
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1952-681: The abolition of constituencies below a certain population threshold. It was associated with, but not part of, the Representation of the People Act 1884 . The first major reform of Commons' seats took place under the Reform Act 1832 . The second major reform of Commons' seats occurred in three territory-specific Acts in 1867–68: The latter United Kingdom set of Acts had fallen short of the Chartist aim to enfranchise and to equalise
2013-477: The boroughs. He realised that the bill's extension of household suffrage into the counties would enfranchise many rural voters such as coalminers and agricultural labourers who were likely to vote for the Liberals. This, he claimed, would lead to "the absolute effacement of the Conservative Party". Salisbury hoped to use the Conservative majority in the Lords to block the bill and force Gladstone to seek
2074-536: The boundaries of constituencies. The Liberals had a large majority in the House of Commons , and the measure passed through the House easily. The House of Lords , on the other hand, was dominated by the Conservative Party . The Conservative leader, Lord Salisbury , was opposed to the bill. The majority of the Conservative party's MPs were elected by the counties, with the Liberals being electorally strong in
2135-601: The boundary. Will Hill Brook forms the northern boundary. The underlying rocks are the coal measures of the Manchester Coalfield . Districts in Farnworth include Dixon Green and New Bury . The town has grown along the Manchester to Bolton road, the A666 and the A575 road to Worsley and Eccles . Plodder Lane, the B6199 , goes west past the Royal Bolton Hospital . At the 2011 UK census ,
2196-473: The commissioners would attend at "a principal town" in the county to hear objections or proposed alterations. The procedure for boroughs (or burghs in Scotland) was similar. Firstly the commissioners were to determine whether the present boundaries, or the boundaries proposed in the bill, embraced "the whole of the population which ought to be included within the borough". They could decide if an area formed
2257-475: The divisions were unfamiliar, and preferred to use what they termed "geographical" names incorporating a compass point. A compromise was made where both were incorporated in the names of many of the constituencies: thus the seat officially called the "Northern or Biggleswade Division of Bedfordshire" was informally referred to as "Biggleswade", the "Biggleswade Division", "Northern Bedfordshire" or "North Bedfordshire". The act received Royal Assent on 25 June, and
2318-722: The electorate; the "household suffrage" of 1885 gave the majority of men the vote; and by the end of 1918 all those aged over 21 could vote and most women. Nonetheless, the Lords and their sons, grandsons and nephews in the Commons continued to form the greater part of the Cabinet until the Asquith ministry – further, the Lords legally bore equal strength, save for their inability to initiate bills spending public funds since 1407, until Asquith's constitutional Parliament Act 1911 . The House of Lords could veto or amend bills sent to them by
2379-431: The electorates. Electoral quotas diverged and the gap by 1885 widened; most starkly in the retention of boroughs of dubious size and a limited attempt at creation of new urban boroughs. In reductions these previous reforms had rather merged into their surroundings those boroughs (historic towns) having fewer than 10,000 inhabitants as at the 1861 census. In a de-radicalising move (a policy of maintaining representation of
2440-412: The end of local electoral pacts in a foreseeable way; Disraeli and Gladstone needed central control of their members to pursue narrower narratives and promote differing values. The IPP were often labelled particularly by the media and Conservatives as ' Parnellites '. Their power saw Gladstone make Home Rule his touchstone but, in so doing, distance his party from most peers who, until the House of Lords
2501-633: The inner cities, allowing the growth of "Villa Toryism". Dilke, a member of the Radical (socially progressive) wing of the Liberal Party, also favoured the division of boroughs to weaken the influence of the Whig faction in the party. Before 1885 many existing two-member boroughs one Whig and one Radical were nominated by agreement, often leading to uncontested elections. Three boundary commissions were appointed in late 1884, one for England and Wales, one for Scotland and one for Ireland. Each commission
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2562-466: The line of Gladstone and his successors which proved a flaw in the broad congregation of the Liberal Party until the formation of the final splinter group of 1931 . Conservatives depicted Gladstone's dogged advancement of Home Rule, notably his failed first and second Irish Home Rule bills in 1886 and 1893, an open dissent from Her Majesty, as the root cause of Liberal Party disintegration. This unorthodoxy combined with heavy defeats on other Commons bills in
2623-469: The mines to the Bridgewater Canal . Other industry included iron foundries and cotton mills . The owner of Farnworth Paper mills, T. B. Crompton, patented a continuous-drying process which contributed to the mechanisation of papermaking in 1821. The adjoining open land of Halshaw Moor became an area for recreation for the town, hosting the annual Halshaw Moor Wakes that were described as
2684-411: The minority business interests or the minority party) Limited voting was adopted in a few of the largest cities. They were given three MPs but "no person shall vote for more than two candidates". As a result, the net partisan impact of these cities tended to be counterbalanced: for example, a borough formerly represented by two Liberals was now usually represented by two Liberals and one Conservative. In
2745-555: The orgies on these occasions. Lying within the boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century, Farnworth constituted a township and chapelry within the ecclesiastical parish of Deane . In 1837 Farnworth became part of the Bolton Poor Law Union which took responsibility for funding the Poor Law in that area. In 1863, a Local board of health was established for the township, and in 1866, it also became
2806-629: The promise of for social change, religious freedom and free trade by Liberals, often served by a Radical-leaning alongside and a Whig-leaning MP, these boroughs had few Conservative MPs at most elections. Their substitute single-member seats where gaining suburban and wealthy rural parts particularly assisted the Conservative party, which took a position of national "strength and unity" in opposing Chamberlain 's "radicalism" preferring instead education reform and opposing Gladstone's Home Rule "crusade" in favour of budgetary concessions and support for unionist Irish businesses. The ensuing Queens Speech showed
2867-592: The provisions of both the redistribution and representation acts first came into use at the 1885 general election . The committee's work coupled with the Arlington Street Compact resulted a major redistribution under the Act as follows: Apart from boundary changes, approximately 160 seats were new (or "liberated" as Gladstone described it) in England and Wales. The number of seats in Scotland
2928-730: The right to be known as a town and preserve their charter. Boroughs that did not become successor parishes formed unparished areas , but were able to preserve their charters without a corporate body by appointing charter trustees . Since 1 April 1974 any parish council in England has the right to resolve to call itself a town council and many communities have taken up this right, including areas that preserved continuity with charter trustees. However, no successor parishes have exercised this right (e.g. Ilkley ). This list does not include cities in England . This list includes: town council Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 ( 48 & 49 Vict. c. 23)
2989-480: The same division, unless this cannot be done without grave inconvenience, and involving boundaries of a very irregular and objectionable character". Subject to these rules, the divisions were to be as compact as possible and should be based on "well known local areas" such as petty sessional divisions or other aggregations of parishes. If necessary, an individual parish or parishes could be added to existing areas in order to equalise population, but under no circumstances
3050-451: The two parties reached an agreement, the "Arlington Street Compact", whereby the bulk of MPs would be elected in single-member constituencies. He calculated that this would minimise the adverse effect on the Conservatives of the extension of the vote: dividing the counties would allow Liberal-voting and Conservative-voting districts to be separated. The division of boroughs would allow the suburban areas of towns to be represented separately from
3111-525: The usual resident population for Farnworth had 26,939 inhabitants, of which 13,155 (48.8%) were male and 13,784 (51.2%) were female. The 2011 census recorded a total of 11,961 dwellings in Farnworth, of which were 663 detached houses , 5,345 semi-detached houses , 3,982 terraced houses , 1,701 purpose-built flats , 168 in part of a converted or shared house (including bedsits ), 102 in a commercial building, and 19 caravans (or other mobile or temporary structure). Farnworth's Carnegie Library on Market Street
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#17328012372473172-649: The wards were called Farnworth North and Farnworth South, but following name and boundary changes in 1980 the eastern side of the town is covered by the Farnworth ward and the western half side is covered by the Harper Green ward. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 , the Radcliffe-cum-Farnworth constituency was established with one Member of Parliament (MP). The constituency was abolished in 1918 with Radcliffe becoming part of
3233-403: Was a parish to be divided. The county divisions were to be named after an "important town or place" within it, "preference being given to any merged borough or boroughs, or when it consists mainly of a well-known area, from that area". When the commissioners had devised a scheme of divisions for a county the details were to be advertised in the local press. A date would then be announced when one of
3294-578: Was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (sometimes called the "Reform Act of 1885"). It was a piece of electoral reform legislation that redistributed the seats in the House of Commons , introducing the concept of equally populated constituencies , a concept in the broader global context termed equal apportionment , in an attempt to equalise representation across the UK. It mandated
3355-494: Was flooded with Liberal peers in 1911, preferred conservative policies and guarded their near-equal power. Peers of the Whig persuasion flocked to a conservative line given immediate loss of family ties (hence leverage) in the Commons and tide of reformist policies engulfing the Liberal party caused by the Act's generous franchise and loss of their coveted and often sponsored Whig-Radical and Whig-Conservative dual-member seats in
3416-428: Was given similar instructions. In dividing the counties they were to use Ordnance Survey maps and other documents in order to determine the boundaries of divisions. In doing so they were to ensure that each division of a county was to have an equal population "so far as practicable". In addition they were instructed "in all those cases where there are populous localities of an urban character to include them in one and
3477-469: Was increased by 12, and the representation of Ireland in Parliament remained at 103 members, even though its population had declined relative to the rest of the United Kingdom, due to emigration which had continued since the famine . This arrangement was described by The Times as "...obviously dictated by a somewhat pusillanimous [weak-hearted] calculation that it was better to avoid a struggle with
3538-711: Was partly in Wiltshire Representation increased from 13 to 16 MPs Representation increased from 10 to 11 MPs Representation decreased from 13 to 11 MPs ‡ The Borough of Bristol was partly in Somerset Representation decreased from 16 to 12 MPs Representation decreased from 6 to 3 MPs Representation remained at 4 MPs Representation decreased from 3 to 2 MPs Representation decreased from 21 to 19 MPs † Formed part of "The Metropolis" of London Representation increased from 32 to 57 MPs ‡ The Borough of Warrington
3599-415: Was rapidly becoming a constitutional crisis, urging the party leaders to meet and break the deadlock. Negotiations duly started at Salisbury's London home in Arlington Street, Westminster , between the Conservative leader and Sir Charles Dilke , a member of Gladstone's cabinet. Lord Salisbury agreed to allow the reform bill to pass on condition that a bill to redistribute parliamentary seats was also enacted;
3660-419: Was then sent forward to the committee stage, which was to commence on 19 February 1885. The delay was to allow the boundary commissions to complete their work, with the boundaries and names of the new constituencies to be included as the schedules of the final Act. In committee few changes were made to the boundaries recommended by the commissioners. However the committee felt that the proposed names for many of
3721-472: Was to be approximately equal, and "special regard" was to be had to the "pursuits of the population". This was clearly understood as meaning that working class and middle class parts of towns were to be separated where possible. The Bill was introduced to the House of Commons by the Prime Minister William Gladstone on 1 December 1884. The Bill was seen as a compromise measure, and did not include proportional representation . This led to unrest among
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