The New Pendolino is a class of high-speed tilting trains built by Alstom Ferroviaria (Fiat Ferroviaria) for Trenitalia and Cisalpino .
100-579: As of 2024, Pendolinos have become a part of the Avelia Stream high speed train family. The name Pendolino is used to identify a family of high-speed, tilting-technology trains, produced in Italy . These trains owe their name ( pendolino can mean "small pendulum " in Italian ) to the mechanism enabling them to tilt when going around a curve. The maximum tilt of 8 degrees allows the trains to reach
200-741: A European Court ruling on the required restructuring of the Polish State Railways prior to joining the EU, is the PKP group company responsible for freight transport operations. It is currently the largest railway cargo carrier in Poland, and second-largest in the European Union. The company was founded after dividing Polskie Koleje Państwowe (all-national rail operator) into several dozens of companies to meet European Union Standards. PKP Cargo
300-514: A comfort level same as the best TEE's cars at the speed of 180–200 km/h (110–120 mph). Passenger numbers increased from 220,000 in 1988 to 2.2 million in 1993. In 1994, the next generation, the ETR 460 , styled by Giorgetto Giugiaro , began service. Though plagued by technical teething problems, the ETR 460 introduced several innovations, such as more powerful AC asynchronous motors. Further,
400-600: A compromise was reached between PKP and Alstom under which the Pendolinos would be delivered under a two-stage homologation, first homologated for operation using ETCS Level 1 and eventually to be homologated for ETCS Level 2. Hopes were expressed that the Pendolinos could be in service by 14 December 2014. On 11 September 2014, Polands's Railway Transport Office (UTK) announced that the ED250 had been certified for operation at up to 250 km/h (155 mph) in accordance with
500-442: A frequent service that acts as a high-speed shuttle. Until April 2008, once per day the route from Maribor to Ljubljana was extended as international train to Venice via Monfalcone serving Trieste . Train offers 1st and 2nd class and on-board bar. 1st Class offers leather seats in 1-2 configuration, 220 V Power Outlet (all seats), Wi-Fi, electric blind, recline (By moving lower part forward you may recline by 15"), every seat has
600-573: A maximum speed of 200 km/h (120 mph), but in revenue service on the Slovenian railway network, the maximum it reaches is 160 km/h (99 mph) between Maribor and Pragersko stations, as well as between Grobelno and Celje stations. Since 24 September 2000, the series 310 runs the InterCitySlovenija (ICS) service, linking the major cities of Slovenia in one line: Ljubljana , Zidani Most , Celje and Maribor , with
700-1003: A reading light. In 1999, 53 Class 390 Pendolinos were ordered by Virgin Trains West Coast to operate services on the West Coast Main Line in the United Kingdom. All were built by Alstom with the body shells built at its Savigliano factory in Italy and fitted out at its former Metro-Cammell factory in Washwood Heath in Birmingham, England. Owing to cutbacks by Railtrack to the West Coast Main Line upgrade to provide in-cab signalling , these are limited in service to 125 mph or 201 km/h operation rather than their 140 mph or 230 km/h design speed. In 2008,
800-668: A result left the railways far less able to compete with intercity bus and air services. During the entire communist period, only one major infrastructural project relating to the railways was completed. This, the Central Trunk Line , was a prestige project completed in 1976, intended both for heavy coal transport and fast passenger services. This line for the first time allowed passengers to travel in comfort and at relatively high speed from Kraków and Katowice to Warsaw; however, high-speed services have never started, although test runs reached 250 km/h in 1994. Moreover, despite
900-712: A single-track line for almost 400 km, from the Polish- Ukrainian border crossing just east of Hrubieszów to Sławków Południowy (near Katowice ). It is used only for freight traffic, mainly iron ore and coal. It is the westernmost broad gauge railway line in Europe that is connected to the broad gauge rail system of the countries which before 1991 constituted the Soviet Union . Electric train traction of Polish State Railway started in 1936 in Warsaw area and
1000-700: A solution. The end of the crisis and an increase in cargo transport and income came in 1937. Following the German invasion on 1 September 1939 and the Soviet invasion of eastern Poland on 17 September 1939, most Polish rolling stock fell into Soviet hands. The Polish railways in Silesia, Greater Poland and Pomerania were adopted by German railways Deutsche Reichsbahn on 25 September. The Polish railways in Generalgouvernement became Ostbahn. Until
1100-627: A speed that is up to 35% higher than conventional trains whilst remaining comfortable for passengers. Developed by Alstom Ferroviaria, which inherited tilting technology (including that of the British Advanced Passenger Train ) after its acquisition of former producer Fiat Ferroviaria , they are built at Alstom's Savigliano plants , in Piedmont, as well as in Sesto San Giovanni near Milan (which supplies
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#17327764928821200-447: A table which can be extended to (100 cm x 80 cm) for business meetings or eating, air conditioning outlet, reading light and wider seats (20 cm). 2nd Class offers plush seats in 2-2 configuration, 220 V power outlet (Some seats), Wi-Fi, electric blinds, foot rest (most seats), most have a tray table and some have a conference table which can extend to (100 cm x 80 cm) for working or eating, air conditioning outlet and
1300-469: A then speed record for Spain of 206 km/h (128 mph) on 6 May 1987. However, the train remained a unique specimen, as Renfe favoured the entirely domestic Talgo Pendular, a tilting train with passive suspension introduced in 1980. After revenue service in 1979–1982, the train was used for charter and test runs. Two decades later, to speed up services along its Madrid-Valencia conventional line, Renfe ordered ten Pendolini in 1996. The trains, based on
1400-470: A tilting carbody was ETR Y 0160, an electrically powered car launched by Fiat in 1969. This was the first to be christened Pendolino . It led to the construction of a whole EMU in 1975, the ETR 401, built in two units by FIAT. One was put into public service on 2 July 1976 on the Rome- Ancona (later extended to Rimini ) line, operated by Italian State Railways . Between Roma and Ancona (km. 295)
1500-803: A tilting train became popular in the 1960s and 1970s, when various rail operators, impressed by the high-speed rail services being introduced in France and Japan, wondered how they could similarly speed up travel without building a dedicated parallel rail network (as those two countries were doing). By tilting, the train could go around curves designed for slower trains at higher speeds without causing undue discomfort to passengers. In Italy, various possibilities were explored (including one early design for fixed carriages with tilting seats). A number of prototypes were built and tested, including an automotrice (self-propelled) derived from ALn 668 diesel car and provided with tilting seats. The first working prototype using
1600-564: A top speed of 220 km/h (140 mph). The bogies had to be redesigned for operation on Portugal's broad gauge track, and the trains were assembled by Adtranz Portugal at the Amadora plant (former Sorefame ). Main contractor was Fiat Ferroviaria later acquired by Alstom with two main subcontractors Adtranz and Siemens that was responsible for the traction and train control. Ten six-car train sets were produced between 1998 and 2001, with commercial operation from early 1999. Based on
1700-483: A tourist attraction for British trainspotters since at least the mid-twentieth century. The late withdrawal of steam power on the PKP system meant that Poland was an attractive destination for rail enthusiasts long after steam had ended on Britain’s railways. The last PKP steam shed in Wolsztyn has remained in operation as a result of this tourism and continues to operate regular steam hauled services. PKP Intercity
1800-519: Is a restaurant carriage. The motors deliver a continuous power of 4,000 kW (5,400 hp) and propel the train at a maximum speed of 220 km/h (140 mph). The Sm3 has received a lot of bad publicity in Finland for its reliability issues, mostly caused by technical problems in cold weather with the tilting system and couplers. VR has tried to mitigate the problem by coupling trains only at termini instead of intermediate stations and switching
1900-483: Is a semi-independent division of PKP that operates long-distance passenger trains in Poland. It was founded in 2001 when, in preparation for separation between infrastructure management and transport operations, the Polish State Railways were reorganized into a number of independent operating companies under the unified direction of the PKP Group . PKP Intercity operates all InterCity trains in Poland as well as most of
2000-503: Is a switch, which can be used to connect the overhead wires together. At some lines, a three-phase AC line operated with 6 kV, 15 kV or 20 kV runs parallel to the railway line , either on the poles of the overhead wire or on separate poles. It is used for power supply of signals, level crossing equipment and other devices requiring electric power used for the rail. This line can be also used for emergency power supply of substations. Until 22 December 2008 Przewozy Regionalne
2100-399: Is indoors, outdoor switchgear is used at 110 kV. The distance between substations is between 15 and 28 kilometres. For reliability of supply, substations are usually fed by at least two powerlines. Each substation normally feeds two segments of the overhead wire, which are separated by a switch. As is common with DC systems, the negative pole is grounded. Halfway between two substations, there
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#17327764928822200-423: Is owned by the PKP S.A. (50% + 1 share) and private investors. It is a railway transportation service that originally functioned in Poland's Tricity area ( Gdynia , Sopot and Gdańsk ). The system has since grown to cover a longer route, reaching towns like Słupsk , Lębork and Wejherowo . It is serviced by electric multiple unit cars at a frequency of 6 minutes to half an hour between trains (depending on
2300-455: Is performed since the beginning with 3 kV DC. As of 1 January 2011, 11481 kilometres were electrified by a total length of 19276 kilometres. All used power is taken from the public grid and rectified in substations . Most substations are fed with voltages between 15 and 30 kV. Where lines have heavy traffic and higher speed, the substations are fed from the 110 kV grid. The switchyard of substations fed from voltages below 30 kV
2400-940: The Athens-Thessaloniki high-speed railway . The trains originally had 3 kV DC equipment, which was replaced by 25 kV 50 Hz equipment, to match Greek railway standards and were fitted with ETCS onboard equipment. The first unit arrived in Greece in January 2021. Express passenger services started in early 2022 on the Athens-Thessaloniki mainline. Karelian Trains , a 50-50 joint venture between Finnish VR and Russian Railways , operated four 1522 mm gauge seven-car Pendolinos for use on 220 km/h (140 mph) Saint Petersburg – Helsinki services. Branded Allegro ( Russian : Аллегро ). Service started on December 12, 2010, reducing travel time between
2500-631: The Baltic Sea . In 2011-2015 the Warsaw-Gdańsk-Gdynia route underwent a major upgrading costing $ 3 billion, partly funded by the European Investment Bank , including track replacement, realignment of curves and relocation of sections of track to allow speeds up to 200 km/h (124 mph), and modernization of stations. Installation of ETCS L2 was under way in 2016. When Pendolino services started on 14 December 2014
2600-585: The Cisalpino Due as it was the second class of tilting trains used by Cisalpino ) primarily differs from the ETR 600 in the sense that the ETR 610 / RABe 503 supports the voltage and signalling systems used in Switzerland and Germany. This includes the need for much heavier on-board traction power transformers necessary as a result of the lower traction power frequency of 16.7 Hz used in Switzerland and Germany in comparison with those required for
2700-676: The Department for Transport announced that 31 of the existing nine-car sets would be lengthened to 11 cars to increase capacity. Four new 11-car sets were also to be built. The longer units required major infrastructure changes to allow stations and depots to accommodate the 11-car units. With the closure of the Washwood Heath works, the additional vehicles were manufactured at Savigliano. The first new sets were built with 11 cars and delivered in December 2010. The lengthening project
2800-486: The ETR 460 and ETR 470 , were delivered by a joint consortium of Fiat Ferroviaria and GEC-Alsthom from 1998 as Renfe Class 490 . The three-car trains are suited for 220 km/h (140 mph) on Renfe's conventional lines electrified with 3 kV DC. The Class 490 took up the new Madrid-Valencia Alaris services in 1999. With growing demand, the capacity of the Class 490 was no longer sufficient, and from February 2008,
2900-563: The Gotthard Base Tunnel and back via Simplon Tunnel and Lötschberg Base Tunnel to Frankfurt. In 2018, the fleet was rebranded as Astoro following a refurbishment. In January 2023, the SBB announced a SFr 120m ($ US 131.2m) investment in an extensive refurbishment of the ETR 610 fleet to facilitate its continued operation for a further 15 years. The program involves renewing and replacing various components and systems, repainting
3000-530: The Madrid–Valladolid high-speed line. The West German federal railways DB experimented with tilting technology in the 1970s, but abandoned it. Then in 1987, DB commissioned a study on whether electrification or purchasing diesel tilting trains would be the better option for the Nuremberg -Hof line, and decided for the latter. In 1988, DB ordered ten tilting DMUs, and another ten in 1990. All 20 trains of
3100-514: The New Pendolino trains. The CRH5 are non-tilting trains. Thirty additional sets were ordered in 2009 and 20 additional sets was ordered in 2010 to complete the current fleet operating on China's northern and eastern lines. In August 2016, Amtrak and Alstom unveiled the new Avelia Liberty that will take passengers between Washington, D.C. , and Boston as part of a Northeast Corridor rehabilitation project starting in 2021, replacing
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3200-567: The Polish resistance movement on railways took place about the same time. In 1942, production of simple military-use DR Kriegslok BR52 ( PKP class Ty2 ) steam locomotives began in Poznań and Chrzanów ; the steam boilers for these locomotives were produced in Sosnowiec . The Warsaw Uprising caused widespread damage of Warsaw rolling stock, network and electric traction; both bridges over
3300-530: The Polish - Ukrainian border in Izow-Hrubieszów to Sławków Południowy (near Katowice ). The line was opened in 1979 and was used to import iron ore from the USSR, as well as to export coal and sulphur from Poland. After the fall of communism and the economic changes of 1989 traffic on the line has much diminished. At present various schemes are being tried to increase its profitability. This line runs as
3400-532: The RENFE Class 114 , is a four-car variant of the New Pendolino series. During October 2004, it was announced that RENFE had placed an order for 30 high-speed trains, configured for medium distance routes and thus lacking tilting mechanisms. The order, which was subsequently reduced to thirteen trainsets, supplemented the operator's older fleet of Class 104 Pendolinos. In autumn 2008, the first train of
3500-877: The West Coast Partnership franchise in December 2019. In 1995 consortium consisting of ČKD , MSV Studénka, FIAT Ferroviaria and Siemens won tender for the construction of ten tilting trains for the Czech Railways ČD , intended for international service Berlin - Prague - Vienna . After ČKD bankruptcy in 2000, Alstom (as the new owner of FIAT Ferroviaria) took over whole order, reducing number of sets to seven and raising total price, while provided an improved version of ETR 470, equipped to work on 25 kV 50 Hz AC , 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC and 3,000 V DC, thus suitable to operate in Germany, Austria, Slovakia and
3600-399: The 230 km/h (140 mph) electric ICE T trains ordered in 1994 for service on conventional lines, Pendolino technology was chosen again. Fiat (Alstom) supplied the bogies and tilting technology for the 32 seven-car class 411 and 11 five-car class 415 express trains that entered service from 1999. In 2002, DB placed another order for slightly modified class 411 trains, Alstom Ferroviaria
3700-477: The 25 kV 50 Hz AC traction power supplies. The innovative features concern the interior and exterior design, now closer to the customers’ brand strategy and an improved comfort and services for passengers. Moreover, some important technical characteristics have been increased, such as the power of the traction unit and the level of redundancy of components and equipment, in order to improve reliability. The new trains will be produced in full accordance with
3800-496: The CMK line (224 km line from Kraków and Katowice to Warsaw) with trains reaching 200 km/h (124 mph) as a regularly scheduled operation. There is a plan by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe (infrastructure manager) to increase speed to 250 km/h on whole line soon. In the day of 13 December 2020 the speed limit was raised to 200 km/h also on the line from Warsaw to seaport Gdynia by New Pendolino train. The PKP has been
3900-700: The CMK when Pendolino ED250 reached a speed of 291 km/h (181 mph), breaking the 19-year record of 250.1 km/h (155 mph). On 24 November 2013, the final day of tests on the CMK the Pendolino reached 293 km/h (182 mph). The contract between the Polish operator PKP Intercity and Alstom called for the first eight Pendolino ED250 trainsets to be delivered on 6 May 2014, tested ('homologated') for operation at 250 km/h (155 mph) using ETCS L2 signalling. The tests had not been performed by May, and PKP announced that Alstom had failed to meet
4000-581: The CRH5, these are non-tilting. Like the ČD class 680, the Pendolinos are equipped to operate on 15 kV 16·7 Hz and 25 kV 50 Hz as well as 3 kV DC for operation in Poland, and have the train control systems needed to operate in Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic. However, certification for international operation is not seen as a priority, as the trains are restricted to domestic services for an initial ten years under
4100-491: The Czech Republic and Slovakia for many years. At first it started operating trains from Prague to Bratislava in December 2005 and later also trains from Prague to Košice in December 2014. The connection to Bratislava ended in 2015. Polish state railways PKP ordered 14 Pendolinos in 1998, but the order was cancelled in 2000 due to a shortage of funds. In 2010, Alstom won a PKP Intercity tender for high-speed trains with an offer of 20 New Pendolino trains. Similarly to
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4200-694: The Czech Republic, Slovakia (Czech railways are operating), the UK, the US, Switzerland, China, and Greece. It was also used in Russia from December 12, 2010 until March 26, 2022. Based on the design of the Italian ETR 401 (itself utilising technologies developed for the British Rail APT-E ), it was further developed and manufactured by Fiat Ferroviaria , which was taken over by Alstom in 2000. The idea of
4300-656: The Czech Republic. The first set was delivered in 2004 as Pendolino ČD 680. While testing between Brno and Břeclav on 18 November 2004, the Pendolino reached a speed of 237 km/h (147 mph) and created a new Czech railway speed record . During the testing period, the train had problems with the Czech signalling system. The problems were said to be solved and the trains entered regular service in December 2005 between Prague and Ostrava . As of late January 2006, all five Czech Pendolino trains in service suffered from software and functional problems, which were later fixed, but
4400-462: The ETR 450 became the first pendolino to enter in a high-speed regular service in the world. The project of the new train was similar to its predecessor, utilising many electronic parts, such as the chopper and the automatic gear. Characterized by a nine-car configuration, the 15 ETR 450 trainsets could run the Rome-Milan line in under four hours, at speeds up to 250 km/h (160 mph), with
4500-527: The ETR 460 the Portuguese Pendolino differs mainly from its predecessor from the carbody width that takes advantage of the Iberian gauge 1,668 mm ( 5 ft 5 + 21 ⁄ 32 in ). Slovenian Railways ordered three Pendolino tilting trains for its main lines. The three-car trains, delivered as SŽ series 310 , were derived from the ETR 460 . The series 310 can reach
4600-649: The Finnish State Railways) and to the cold climatic conditions. The first two units were assembled in 1995 by Rautaruukki - Transtech . A total of sixteen additional units were purchased from Alstom and shipped to Finland between 2000 and 2006. Sm3 trains operate from Helsinki to the cities of Turku , Tampere , Jyväskylä , Oulu , Kouvola , Joensuu and Vaasa . The trains are composed of six carriages. Four cars are fitted with two asynchronous three-phase AC motors (one for each bogie); two are unpowered but are fitted with pantographs. One of these coaches
4700-498: The New Pendolino trains. The CRH5 are non-tilting trains. 30 additional sets were ordered in 2009 and 20 additional sets was ordered in 2010 to complete the current fleet operating on China's northern and eastern lines. The trains have the following characteristics: Many of the new Pendolinos have been fitted with the European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 2 signalling system; some operations, such as
4800-427: The Pendolinos would be delivered under a two-stage homologation, first homologated for operation using ETCS Level 1 and eventually to be homologated for ETCS Level 2. The Pendolinos were put in service on 14 December 2014. In addition to the CMK from Warsaw to Kraków and Katowice , and from Warsaw to Wrocław , the Pendolinos also operate on the 350 km (220 miles) route from Warsaw to Gdańsk and Gdynia on
4900-546: The Soviet Union. Due to the Red Army's rapid advance into Germany proper, the railway lines of Silesia, Farther Pomerania, and East Prussia largely remained intact, so that operations could be resumed. However, on many lines, the second track was removed and transported into the Soviet Union as war reparations. Because the Polish did have enough personnel, Germans continued their work, to be deported only in 1946. Renaming
5000-521: The Swiss Federal Railway (ETR 610) have installed other signalling systems such as SCMT , ZUB, LZB , and Integra-Signum , in order to operate over lines not equipped with ETCS. Pendolino Pendolino (from Italian pendolo [ˈpɛndolo] " pendulum ", and -ino, a diminutive suffix) is an Italian family of high-speed tilting trains (and non-tilting) used in Italy, Spain, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland,
5100-841: The Vistula River and the tunnel on the Warsaw Cross-City Line were destroyed. At the beginning of 1945, the Ministry of Transport was created, as well as the Regional Directorate of National Railways. Many pre-war locomotives were sent to the Soviet Union. Poland received many German locomotives as a compensation for war losses. In June, the rail connection with Warsaw was opened, using a temporary railway station made of warehouses. On 15 September 1945, PKP took over management of all railway lines on former German, now Polish Western and Northeastern land from
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#17327764928825200-533: The aged Acela Express . The train has safety features that comply with Federal Railroad Administration standards, along with greater comfort, more capacity, built in Wi-Fi, Tiltronix, and with speeds up to 180 mph or 290 km/h. In 2019, Greek railway operator company TrainOSE , a subsidiary of Italian company Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane , purchased 5 ETR 470 high-speed trains, previously used on Frecciabianca railway services in Italy, to be deployed on
5300-513: The cities from five and a half hours to three and a half hours at first and later to three hours. The bogies are specially constructed to allow for 220 km/h (140 mph) speed both at the Finnish gauge 1,524 mm ( 5 ft ) and the Russian gauge 1,520 mm ( 4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in ). The service between Helsinki, Finland, and St. Petersburg, Russia,
5400-422: The contract terms and would be charged penalties as of 6 May. Alstom responded that homologation in Poland at 250km/h using ETCS L2 was impossible, since ETCS L2 was not operational anywhere in Poland, and the CMK where the first ED250 Pendolino had reached 293 km/h (182 mph) in testing was equipped with ETCS Level 1, not Level 2. On 26 June 2014, a compromise was reached between PKP and Alstom under which
5500-475: The contract terms and would be charged penalties as of May 6. Alstom responded that homologation in Poland at 250 km/h (155 mph) using ETCS Level 2 was impossible, since ETCS Level 2 was not operational anywhere in Poland, and the Central Rail Line (where the first ED250 Pendolino had reached 293 km/h (182 mph) in testing) was equipped with ETCS Level 1, not Level 2. On 26 June 2014,
5600-471: The cooperation was the equipment of a Renfe Class 432 EMU with the active tilting suspension in September 1972. After successful tests, Spanish trainmaker CAF and Fiat built a prototype similar to the ETR 401, which was delivered in 1976 as Renfe Class 443 , nicknamed Platanito (Little banana) for its yellow livery. The four-car train had a commercial top speed of 180 km/h (110 mph) and achieved
5700-408: The country's EuroCity services throughout Europe. Although competition is rising in the long-distance rail travel market in Poland, PKP Intercity still holds a de facto monopoly in the industry, as its current market share represents almost 100% of the segment. PKP Intercity's trains currently (2015) operate under the following brands: PKP Cargo ( WSE : PKP ), founded in 2001 so as to satisfy
5800-453: The country's rapidly expanding network of motorways and express roads . However, ever-decreasing journey times, better schedules which allow for well-coordinated connections, the rise of private operators and large-scale investment in infrastructure, in many cases aided by European Union funding, as well as new rolling stock is slowly enticing people back onto the railways. On 14 December 2014 PKP Intercity Pendolino trains began operating on
5900-495: The former Russian and Austrian sectors from military railways. The Railway Department in the Ministry of Communication was created and the Polish railways were officially named Polskie Koleje Państwowe . In December 1918, the Greater Poland Uprising started. The rebels took over the former Prussian sector of railways. One year later, the fights for Lwów were over and the former Austrian railway directorate
6000-469: The high-speed 'CMK' Central Rail Line from Kraków / Katowice to Warsaw , and on the routes from Gdynia to Warsaw and from Wrocław to Warsaw. High speed tests using the new Pendolino ED250 on the CMK began in November 2013. On the first day of tests, 16 November, the Pendolino reached 242 km/h (150 mph). On 17 November 2013, a new speed record for Polish railways was set at km 184.000 of
6100-481: The high-speed CMK Central Rail Line from Kraków / Katowice to Warsaw and Wrocław to Warsaw. On 12 August 2013, the first ETR 610 was delivered. High speed tests involving the new trainset were largely conducted on the CMK Central Rail Line ; on 16 November, the first day of testing, the Pendolino reached 242 km/h (150 mph). On 17 November 2013, a new speed record for Polish railways
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#17327764928826200-503: The highest safety standards, and allows the best exploitation of the space with different loading gauges. Fiat Ferroviaria built only ten ETR 460 trainsets. Improved versions include nine ETR 470 built for the Italo-Swiss Cisalpino company and 15 ETR 480 / 485 used by Trenitalia under AC lines such as those in France and Switzerland. A total of 34 EMUs of the ETR 460/470/480 - 485 series were built. Fiat Ferroviaria
6300-529: The last moment before the German attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, cargo trains transported goods from the Soviet Union to Germany. The beginning of German attacks on the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 resulted in the possession of railway and rolling stock by the Ostbahn and the possession of PKP rolling stock with broad gauge track and reconstruction to standard gauge. The beginning of organized sabotage by
6400-454: The mid-to-late communist era, the state of the Polish railways deteriorated to a large extent. Once a large and profitable network, the systemic lack of funding and failure to acquire new rolling stock left PKP far behind the railway operators of Western Europe in terms of technical advances and passenger comfort. In addition to this, the poor state of many rail lines throughout the country led to ever-increasing journey times for passengers, and as
6500-480: The model operated by PKP , is not equipped with tilting apparatus. The name Pendolino, however, evidently remains as a brand for trains that can be structured both with and without oscillation. During October 2015, NTV announced that it would be procuring an initial batch of twelve ETR 675 trainsets as part of its efforts to expand its fleet via a contract valued at €460m. In comparison with the operator's preceding fleet of Automotrice à grande vitesse (AGV) trainsets,
6600-446: The new Avant services along the Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line , starting 29 December 2004. Renfe ordered another 30 non-tilting medium-distance high-speed trains from Alstom/CAF in a follow-on order, which was later reduced to 13 units. However, these trains are based on the New Pendolino design. The first train of the new class designated Renfe Class 114 was presented in autumn 2008. Most of them are used in services along
6700-555: The new DB Class 610 were delivered in 1992. The two-car trains with a top speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) were produced by a consortium of five German companies and Fiat Ferroviaria. Fiat supplied the bogies, the hydraulic tilting suspension, and the other parts of the tilting technology, thus the trains could be called Pendolino (a Fiat trademarked brand name). Deutsche Bahn ordered more regional and express tilting DMUs with other technology (class 611 and class 612 : Adtranz/Bombardier, ICE TD /class 605: Siemens ). However, for
6800-453: The new class was formally presented. The RENFE has operated its S-114 fleet on its high-speed services between Madrid, Segovia, and Valladolid, along the high-speed line . The Pendolino EVO ETR 675 operated by the open-access high-speed operator Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori (NTV), is a member of the Avelia family of Alstom , which also includes other rolling stock produced and operated across various different countries. The ETR 675, akin to
6900-411: The new regulations governing interoperability (for example, passive security in case of impact). Initial testing of the type revealed some shortcomings, perhaps the most significant of which was that the type was too heavy for the main Gotthard route from Zurich to Milan for which they had been ordered. In fact, the ETR 610's weight impacted the train's permitted cornering speed due to forces exerted upon
7000-492: The new train's maximum speed was approximately 50 km/h (31 mph) slower; the new fleet was reportedly intended to facilitate NTV's expansion of its Italo services, as well as to introduce services to new destinations. On 3 October 2013, the first of NTV's Pendolinos was publicly presented at the Expo Ferroviaria exhibition in Milan ; by this point, the type was undergoing certification trials ahead of operating regular revenue service. In November 2017, NTV announced that it
7100-428: The opening of the Lötschberg Base Tunnel ; however, it was deferred and rescheduled for spring 2009, this date was also missed. During August 2009, the ETR 610 fleet finally achieved sufficient progress as to permit it to enter revenue service. The train is run on international routes between Switzerland and Italy; it is also used to conduct a single daily trip from Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof to Milano Centrale via
7200-464: The parts for the successor of the ETR 401, ETR 450 . After 1988, the trainset went around Europe to demonstrate the greatness of the tilting revolutionary technology and between 1994 and 2001 it was utilised as a charter train. In 2001 the ETR 401 was put aside in Ancona and since 2013, to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the first official pendolino service, it has been partly restored. On 29 May 1988,
7300-660: The pistons actuating the anti-tilting action were placed in the bogie instead of on the carbody sides: this permitted the reorganisation of the vestibules and passenger compartment areas, improving comfort. The bogie-to-body connection is extremely simple and easy to make, with clear advantages for maintenance. ETR 460 keeps axle load to an extremely low level (14.5 ton/axle) to allow the train to negotiate curves up to 35% faster than conventional intercity trains (loco plus coaches). The body, which exploits large aluminium extrusion technology, has substantial modularity and allows for extremely low axle weight, whilst fully respecting
7400-447: The previous Warsaw–Gdańsk rail travel time of 4-1/2 to 6 hours was reduced to 2 hours 58 minutes by Pendolino, and reduced further to 2 hours 39 minutes in December 2015. Introduction of the fast, modern Pendolinos in December 2014, had a major effect on rail ridership in Poland. In the first five months of 2015, Warsaw–Kraków rail ridership rose by 50 percent. In May 2015 alone, Warsaw–Kraków ridership
7500-404: The rail transport holdings of the country's formerly dominant namesake railway operator . The company was reformed in 2001 when the former Polish State Railways state-owned enterprise was divided into several units based on the need for separation between infrastructure management and transport operations. Polish State Railways is the dominant company in the PKP Group collective that resulted from
7600-558: The relevant Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI). In the 2020/21 timetable, ED250 routinely operated at a scheduled speed of up to 200 km/h (124 mph) along selected stretches of the Warszawa - Gdynia and Central Rail Line routes. Polish Pendolino trainsets do not have tilting mechanism which precludes them from the main advantage of faster taking of curves. In 2020, one train did derail in Germany during an instrumented test run. The Avant S-114, locally designated as
7700-562: The split, and maintains 100% share control, being fully responsible for the assets of all of the other PKP Group component companies. PKP is currently the parent company of the PKP Group, passenger operators PKP Intercity and PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście . Freight carriers PKP Cargo and PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa are also parts of the group. PKP is also one of the largest real estate managers in Poland. Regaining independence on 11 November 1918 allowed Poland to reclaim
7800-407: The station names took quite some time, often causing confusion because the decreed Polish names were once again changed. Maps of the Polish railroad network still reflect in the borders drawn in 1945, because in the lands annexed in 1945, railroad lines are relatively dense. In the former territory of Congress Poland, however, only a few main lines existed had been built in the 19th century. During
7900-399: The successful completion of the section from southern to central Poland, the planned extension to Gdańsk and the country's Baltic ports was never realised, and this significantly curtailed both the usefulness and potential of the line. Since Poland's return to democracy in the early 1990s, the Polish State Railways have faced ever-increasing competition from private automotive transport and
8000-541: The terms of a grant from the EU Cohesion Fund which covered 22% of the project cost. On 30 May 2011 the Polish state railways PKP signed an agreement with Alstom for 20 Pendolinos ETR 610 for delivery in 2014. The first Pendolino was delivered on 12 August 2013. Each seven-car Class ED250 trainset has seats for 57 first class and 345 second class passengers, with a buffet/bar and three four-seat business or family compartments. The Pendolinos were to operate on
8100-482: The tilting system off during winter. The trains were expected to receive significant maintenance between 2012 and 2014, to improve reliability of couplers and the tilting system. In Portugal the Pendolino is named Alfa Pendular and is operated by the Portuguese state railway company CP . It connects the cities of Guimarães, Braga, Porto, Aveiro, Coimbra, Santarém, Lisbon, Albufeira and Faro, among others, and has
8200-665: The time of day). It is comparable to subway service or light rail in other European cities. The Tricity area is uniquely suited for this mode of transport, as it's shaped in a relatively narrow north–south corridor between the Gdańsk Bay and the Tricity Landscape Park . PKP LHS is a company of the PKP Group responsible for infrastructure operation and freight transport on the Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line . The line runs for about 400 km from
8300-508: The timetable and of the ETR 470 has led SBB and Trenitalia to always have a reserve train ready at each terminus of the Milan - Zürich route. In 2012, SBB ordered eight new ETR 610 with delivery in 2015 to be operated on the Milan - Geneva and Milan - Zürich routes. The Finnish model, the class Sm3, is based on the ETR 460 but was adapted to the specific requirements of VR Group (formerly
8400-402: The track that it compelled a lower-than-expected operating speed; it was determined that the new trains would have to run so slowly that traditional trains that lacked tilting systems would be just as fast, and thus some officials publicly questioned the project's value. The original intended schedule for the type's introduction was to coincide with the December 2007 timetable change, together with
8500-426: The traction converters). The Pendolino first began service in Italy in 1988, with model ETR 450 , followed by ETR 460 , ETR 470 and ETR 480 . A new model generation was launched in 2006 with ETR 600 for Trenitalia and ETR 610 / RABe 503 for Cisalpino , a railway company that operated trains between Switzerland and Italy. Manufacturer Alstom labeled them as New Pendolino . The ETR 610 / RABe 503 (also known as
8600-405: The train took 2 hours and 50 minutes while the ordinary trains took 3 hours and 30 minutes. The train had four cars and was mostly considered a travelling laboratory for the new technology. The second unit was adapted for service to the broad gauge Renfe Spanish lines. In 1982, FS retired the ETR 401 from service, due to high maintenance cost, and FIAT transformed it in a train-laboratory, to test
8700-582: The trains still did not receive permission to operate abroad. In December 2006, the trains were given permission to operate in Slovakia and Austria, but as of 2010 permission for Germany has not yet been granted. A Czech Pendolino train appeared in the 2006 James Bond film Casino Royale and in Timur Bekmambetov 's 2008 film Wanted starring Angelina Jolie . Czech Railways ČD has been operating Pendolino as an international train between
8800-556: The trains were transferred to the Corredor Mediterráneo line between Valencia and Barcelona . For medium-distance services along its high-speed lines, Renfe ordered a non-tilting variant of the Pendolino, based on the ETR 480 , in 2001. The 20 four-car trains with a service top speed of 250 km/h (160 mph) were built jointly by Alstom and CAF and delivered as the Renfe Class 104 . Renfe deployed them for
8900-400: The vehicle bodies, and making minor accessibility improvements in compliance with Swiss federal disabilities legislation. On 30 May 2011 the Polish state railways PKP signed an agreement with Alstom for 20 ETR 610 Pendolinos. These new trains, referred to as Pendolino ED250, were procured with the intent of operating them several major trunk routes, including between Gdynia and Warsaw , on
9000-402: Was 70 percent higher than a year earlier. After the initial delays Polish Pendolinos were upgraded to provide the access to wireless internet. As of September 2021, all 19 trainsets actually operating have got the equipment installed. China Railway High-speed (CRH) purchased technologies from Alstom to assemble 60 sets of high speed EMU trains, which have been named CRH5 and are based on
9100-577: Was a wholly owned subsidiary of the PKP Group ; after that date, all of its shares have been transferred to Poland's 16 regional governments. Thus, the company is no longer part of the PKP Group and on interregional routes its InterRegio trains compete with PKP Intercity TLK trains. This was done in order to increase competition amongst operators on the Polish rail network. The company finally changed its name from PKP Przewozy Regionalne to Przewozy Regionalne on 8 December 2009. A company responsible for maintenance of rail tracks, conducting trains across
9200-682: Was again supplier of bogies and tilt technology when the 28 trains were delivered from 2004 to 2006. Since the failure of Cisalpino , a joint venture between the Italian Trenitalia and the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB), the Pendolinos used for transalpine transport between Switzerland and Italy, on the Gotthard and Lötschberg axis routes, were split between Trenitalia (five ETR 470 and seven ETR 610 ) and SBB (four ETR 470 and seven ETR 610). The low reliability of
9300-462: Was completed in December 2012. In the early 1980s, British Rail had planned to bring tilting train technology to the same line with the Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train project. Technical problems caused by pressure to launch the service early and lack of the political will to provide sufficient funding to overcome them forced the abandonment of this early attempt, although much of the technology
9400-573: Was exercising an option to purchase an additional five trainsets. On 7 December 2017, the first four out of NTV's 17 ETR 675 trains entered service on its route between Rome and Venice , enabling the operator to was increase the number of daily services on its network from 56 to 68. The introduction of the rest of the fleet saw service frequencies being further increased across 2018 to 90 trains per day. China Railway High-speed (CRH) purchased technologies from Alstom to assemble 60 sets of high speed EMU trains, which have been named CRH5 and are based on
9500-538: Was not recovered. The Polish railways administration finally took over the railways in Upper Silesia in 1922. That same year, a decision was made to divide railways in Poland into nine administrative districts. An economic crisis in the 1930s forced the state to cut back its budget for railway investment. Profit decreased by 50% compared to 1929. The next year, over 23,000 PKP employees had been dismissed and protests and strikes causes authorities to try to find
9600-775: Was set when the Pendolino ED250 reached a speed of 291 km/h (181 mph), breaking the previous record of 250.1 km/h (155.4 mph) set 19 years prior. On 24 November 2013, the final day of tests on the CMK Central Rail Line, the Pendolino reached 293 km/h (182 mph). The contract between the Polish operator PKP Intercity and Alstom called for the first eight Pendolino ED250 trainsets to be delivered on 6 May 2014, tested (' certified ') for operation at 250 km/h (155 mph) using ETCS L2 signalling. These tests had not been performed by May, and PKP announced that Alstom had failed to meet
9700-471: Was sold to Alstom in 2000. The development of the Pendolino technology continued in Alstom's Italian factories and the next generation, the New Pendolino , was delivered to Trenitalia and Cisalpino, as the ETR 600 and the ETR 610 , from 2006. Even before the first Pendolino EMU was built in Italy, in 1972, Fiat and Renfe signed an agreement for cooperation in tilting-train development. The first fruit of
9800-546: Was suspended on March 27, 2022, as per VR 's announcement that operating a connection between Russia and Finland no longer served a purpose due to the Russo-Ukrainian conflict. Polish State Railways The Polish State Railways ( Polish : Polskie Koleje Państwowe , abbr. : PKP S.A. ) is a Polish state-owned holding company (legally a sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury ) comprising
9900-575: Was taken over by Poland. Taking over the railways from Prussians lasted until 1921. After the victory over the Red Army in the Polish-Bolshevik War (1920), a great deal of damage in railway structure was discovered on the route along which the communists were retreating. At the same time, the tense relations with Lithuania led the railways around Vilnius and Minsk to a partial disintegration and stagnation. The Libau–Romny Railway
10000-553: Was used to design and build Pendolino trains. On 23 February 2007, a Virgin Trains Pendolino train derailed in the Grayrigg rail crash , Virgin chairman Richard Branson credited the robust construction of the Pendolino with saving lives in the crash. Although only some carriages were damaged, the damage was beyond economical repair and the set was written off. All remaining 56 sets passed to Avanti West Coast with
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