Former parties
59-501: PKP may stand for: Groups, Organizations, Companies [ edit ] Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930 , original Filipino communist party Communist Party of the Philippines (Filipino: Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas ), underground Filipino Maoist party Phi Kappa Phi (PKP; Greek: ΦΚΦ , romanized: FKF ), oldest all-discipline honor society in
118-634: A 2011 Indian film P.K.P. (Pilsudski Bought Petliura) , 1926 Soviet film Other uses [ edit ] Puka-Puka Airport (IATA airport code PKP ), Puka-Puka, French Polynesia Pukapukan language (ISO 639 language code pkp ), a Polynesian language found on Pukapuka, Cook Islands Pierre Karl Péladeau (born 1961), former leader of the Parti Québécois and largest shareholder in Quebecor Inc. 2020 Malaysia movement control order (Malay: Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan 2020 ),
177-914: A World War II Polish political organization Polish Auxiliary Corps (Polish: Polski Korpus Posiłkowy ), a 1916–1918 Polish military formation in the Austro-Hungarian Army Transnistrian Communist Party (Russian: Приднестровская коммунистическая партия , romanized: Pridnestrovskaya kommunisticheskaya partiya ; abbreviated: Russian: ПΚП , romanized: PKP ) Public Knowledge Project , non-profit research initiative Mountain Air Express (ICAO airline code PKP ), U.S. airline Objects, Items, Things, Products [ edit ] PKP "Pecheneg" , Russian machine gun Purple-K , fire-extinguishing agent Arts, Entertainment, Media [ edit ] Pyaar Ka Punchnama ,
236-515: A collective leadership, establishment of a workers' party, the promotion of class struggle, and so on. The thesis was allowed to pass to the May convention, where the conservative group allegedly used dummy labor delegates to ensure that the radical measure was blocked. Evangelista and his group walked out of the convention, and the COF was split. Twelve days later on May 12, 1929, a new labor federation known as
295-604: A decision declaring both the PKP and KAP as illegal organizations, and sentencing twenty communist leaders of eight years and one day of banishment to the provinces. Evangelista was additionally sentenced with six months' imprisonment and a fine of 400 pesos for sedition. The convicted communists brought an appeal to the Supreme Court , which affirmed the Manila CFI decision on October 26, 1932. The American administration in
354-690: A few cases where the original sections of the Communist International have retained those names. But throughout the twentieth century, many parties changed their names. For example, following their ascension to power, the Bolshevik Party changed their name to the All-Russian Communist Party. Causes for these shifts in naming were either moves to avoid state repression or as measures to generate greater acceptance by local populations. An important example of
413-538: A partial lockdown order Pembroke-King's Programme , study abroad programme in Pembroke College in the University of Cambridge See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "pkp" , "pk-p" , "p-kp" , "p-k-p" , or "pkps" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles beginning with PKP All pages with titles containing PKP Topics referred to by
472-408: A single vote. Evangelista had plans for radical reorganization of the trade union movement, which would lay the groundwork for the communist movement in the Philippines. These plans were almost thwarted in 1928, but Evangelista chose to bide his time for the following year's conference. The next year, Evangelista and his group submitted a draft thesis which called for measures such as the adoption of
531-434: A top-down hierarchical structure, ideological rigidity , and strict party discipline . In contrast, other studies have emphasized the differences among communist parties. Multi-party studies, such as those by Robert C. Tucker and A. James McAdams, have emphasized the differences in both these parties' organizational structure and their use of Marxist and Leninist ideas to justify their policies. Another important question
590-491: Is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism . The term " communist party" was popularized by the title of The Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . As a vanguard party , the communist party guides the political education and development of the working class (proletariat). As a ruling party, the communist party exercises power through
649-539: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930 Former parties Former parties Former parties The Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930 ( PKP-1930 ), also known as the Philippine Communist Party , is a communist party in the Philippines that was established on November 7, 1930. It uses
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#1732772128884708-735: The Katipunan ng mga Anakpawis sa Pilipinas (KAP) was formed, consisting of 27 of the 35 unions of the COF. On August 26 of the next year, a new political party was organized from members of the KAP, the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas. The party itself was formalized as an official entity on November 7 of the same year. These two dates correspond with the Cry of Pugad Lawin and the October Revolution , respectively, symbolically linking
767-814: The Army ng Bayan (or Ermeng Bayan according to the CPP), under Pedro Taruc and Sumulong. Remnants of the PKP worked from the underground to rebuild their mass organizations and affiliated groups. In 1964, Jose Maria Sison co-founded the Kabataang Makabayan (Patriotic Youth) with Nilo Tayag . This organization rallied the Filipino youth against the Vietnam War , against the Marcos presidency, and corrupt politicians. On December 26, 1968, he formed and chaired
826-553: The Congreso Obrero de Filipinas , the leading trade federation at the time. In 1928, conservative elements of the Congreso Obrero de Filipinas (COF) were alarmed by the increasing radicalization of Evangelista and his group, and took advantage of their absence by calling a national convention on May 1 of that year. The incumbent president, Francisco Varona was ousted along with Evangelista, and were replaced by Hilario Barroga and Domingo Ponce, respectively. Some authors claim
885-565: The Titis (Spark), reminiscent of Lenin's Iskra . During this time, multiple incidents were attributed to the communists. On January 10, 1931, a peasant uprising occurred in Tayug, Pangasinan . This was blamed on the communists, although the PKP itself was castigated by a foreign critic of not coordinating with the peasant rebels. Besides the Tayug revolt, other peasant uprisings that occurred during
944-615: The dictatorship of the proletariat . Vladimir Lenin developed the idea of the communist party as the revolutionary vanguard, when the socialist movement in Imperial Russia was divided into ideologically opposed factions, the Bolshevik faction ("of the majority") and the Menshevik faction ("of the minority"). To be politically effective, Lenin proposed a small vanguard party managed with democratic centralism which allowed
1003-543: The 107 parties with significant memberships, there were approximately 82 million communist party members worldwide. Given its worldwide representation, the communist party may be counted as the principal challenger to the influence of liberal-democratic , catch-all parties in the twentieth century. Following the collapse of the Eastern Bloc between 1989–1992, most of these parties either disappeared or were renamed and adopted different goals than their predecessors. In
1062-756: The 21st century, only five ruling parties on the national level still described themselves as Marxist–Leninist parties: the Chinese Communist Party , the Communist Party of Cuba , the Communist Party of Vietnam , the Workers' Party of Korea and the Lao People's Revolutionary Party . As of 2023, the Chinese Communist Party was the world's second largest political party , having over 99 million members. Although
1121-514: The Aguman ding Talapagobra ning Pilipinas (ATP) into the Aguman ding Maldang Talapagobra (AMT), similar to the general workers' unions in Spain, Mexico, and France, which advocated the expropriation of landed estates and friar lands, farmers' cooperative stores and the upliftment of peasants' living conditions. On November 7, 1938, during the anniversary of the October Revolution , members of the PKP and
1180-557: The CPUSA came to the Philippines to persuade Evangelista's group of accepting even a conditional pardon, under the argument that a united front must be maintained against world fascism . Allen then went to Quezon to successfully request the release of the communist leaders on December 31, 1936. He then returned in 1938 to secure an absolute pardon for the communist leaders, which was granted on December 24 of that same year. Given their full political rights, they were now able to act and implement
1239-602: The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), an organization within the Communist Party founded on Marxist–Leninist-Mao Zedong Thought , stemming from his own experiences as a youth leader, labor, and land reform activist. This is known as the First Great Rectification Movement where Sison and other radical youths criticized the existing Party's leadership and failure. The reformed CPP included Maoism within
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#17327721288841298-652: The Comintern's call for a united-front movement against fascism. Allen then mediated between Pedro Abad Santos ' Partido Sosyalista ng Pilipinas (PSP) and Crisanto Evangelista 's PKP to form a merger, despite their ideological differences. Pedro previously founded the PSP in 1932 when the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP) was outlawed by the Supreme Court. Two years later, together with his assistants Agapito del Rosario, Luis Taruc, Lino Dizon and others, he organized
1357-521: The PKP helped organize the fight against the Japanese invasion. Under PKP leadership, the Hukbalahap (People's Army against Japan) was created in 1942 under the leadership of Luis Taruc and Vicente Lava . The Hukbalahap carried on a struggle against the Japanese occupation for the next three years. After the end of Japanese occupation, the PKP found itself in a considerably strengthened position in
1416-458: The PKP with the nationalist and the communist revolutions. The newly formed PKP immediately set out with its propaganda effort. The PKP launched an aggressive organizational and propaganda drive among the peasants of Central Luzon and Manila , holding public meetings almost daily. In January 1931, the PKP opened its national headquarters in Quiapo, Manila , and also launched its official organ,
1475-588: The PSP held a convention at the Manila Grand Opera House where they officially declared their merger as the Communist Party of the Philippines (merger of the Communist and Socialist Parties), but was simply referred to as the Communist Party of the Philippines for short. The three top elected officers of the new PKP were Evangelista, Abad Santos, and Capadocia, who were President, Vice President, and General Secretary, respectively. In 1935, PKP
1534-457: The Philippines acknowledged and recognized that the convicted communists such as Evangelista, Manahan, Capadocia, and Balgos were leaders in their trades and their cooperation would have been most beneficial. These men were given offers for executive clemency but were adamant in their refusal. Eventually Manahan would accept pardon from Governor Frank Murphy in 1935, partly due to ideological differences between him and Evangelista, and partly due to
1593-498: The United States Phi Kappa Psi (PKP; Greek: ΦΚΨ , romanized: FKŠ ), American social fraternity Pi Kappa Phi (PKP; Greek: ΠΚΦ , romanized: PKF ), U.S. social fraternity Polish State Railways (Polish: Polskie Koleje Państwowe ), a Polish railway operator Political Consultative Committee (Polish: Polityczny Komitet Porozumiewawczy ),
1652-676: The aegis of a new organization, the Cominform . Historically, in countries where communist parties were struggling to attain state power, the formation of wartime alliances with non-communist parties and wartime groups was enacted (such as the National Liberation Front of Albania ). Upon attaining state power these Fronts were often transformed into nominal (and usually electoral) "National" or "Fatherland" Fronts in which non-communist parties and organizations were given token representation (a practice known as Blockpartei ),
1711-542: The aforementioned appellation in order to distinguish itself from its better known splinter group , the Communist Party of the Philippines . The founding members of the PKP came from members of the Partido Obrero de Filipinas , a labor-centered party formed in opposition to the leading Nacionalista and Democrata Parties at the time. Most of the members of the Partido Obrero were also leading figures in
1770-556: The appearance of charismatic revolutionary leaders and their ultimate demise during the decline and fall of communist parties worldwide have all been the subject of investigation. A uniform naming scheme for communist parties was adopted by the Communist International. All parties were required to use the name 'Communist Party of ( name of the country )', resulting in separate communist parties in some countries operating using (largely) homonymous party names (e.g. in India ). Today, there are
1829-552: The big ones are persecuting and oppressing us, who are small, which they have no right to do. After this, Abelardo Ramos cried out, "Let us die fighting them!" Evangelista attempted to continue his speech when the PC arrested him and Ramos. The assembled crowd then tried to advance on the constabulary but were forcibly dispersed by peace officers. Based on these events, the Manila Court of First Instance , on September 14, 1931, passed
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1888-469: The centralized command of a disciplined cadre of professional revolutionaries . Once a policy was agreed upon, realizing political goals required every Bolshevik's total commitment to the agreed-upon policy. In contrast, the Menshevik faction, which initially included Leon Trotsky , emphasized that the party should not neglect the importance of mass populations in realizing a communist revolution . In
1947-541: The communist revolution. Nevertheless, the PKP had no strong base in Central Luzon at the time. In 1931, Antonino D. Ora died in an automobile accident in Nueva Ecija . Ora was a high-ranking member of the PKP politburo and central committee, widely regarded to be second only to Evangelista. Ora's funeral became the site of widespread demonstration, with as many as 50,000 workers marching through Manila. A wake
2006-649: The course of the armed struggle, PKP and the People's Liberation Army sustained large losses. By the end of 1954, the armed struggle was effectively over, although it took a few more years to die out, after which the PKP pursued a course of peaceful (legal and illegal) action. Although they created another guerilla force similar to the Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan , known as the Bagong Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan ; more commonly known as
2065-711: The course of the revolution, the Bolshevik party which became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) assumed government power in Russia after the October Revolution in 1917. With the creation of the Communist International (Comintern) in 1919, the concept of communist party leadership was adopted by many revolutionary parties, worldwide. In an effort to standardize the international communist movement ideologically and maintain central control of
2124-682: The dissolution of the Communist International. After the Second World War new international coordination bodies were created, such as the World Federation of Democratic Youth , International Union of Students , World Federation of Trade Unions , Women's International Democratic Federation and the World Peace Council . The Soviet Union unified many of the Comintern's original goals in the Eastern Bloc under
2183-513: The government in its land reform program, attempt for land collectivization, and the "Democratic Revolution from the center" envisioned by Marcos. The Maoist party continues to fight to this day . As of now, the PKP-1930 is a minor party and issues the publication Sulong! Some party members were elected to public office in the 2013 and 2016 elections in the country. Communist party Former parties Former parties A communist party
2242-437: The historical importance of communist parties is widely accepted, their activities and functions have been interpreted in different ways. One approach, sometimes known as the totalitarian school of communist studies, has implicitly treated all communist parties as the same types of organizations. Scholars such as Zbigniew Brzezinski and Francois Furet have relied upon conceptions of the party emphasizing centralized control,
2301-683: The international communist movement was fragmented due to the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s. Those who sided with China and Albania in their criticism of the Soviet leadership, often added words like 'Revolutionary' or ' Marxist–Leninist ' to distinguish themselves from the pro-Soviet parties. In 1985, approximately 38 percent of the world's population lived under "communist" governments (1.67 billion out of 4.4 billion). The CPSU's International Department officially recognized 95 ruling and nonruling communist parties. Overall, if one includes
2360-474: The intervention of Manuel Quezon . This, combined with Quezon assuming the presidency of the Commonwealth with his liberalism and genuine desire to garner the support of labor groups, allowed for an opening in rapprochement between him and Evangelista. The adoption of a united front against fascism by the Comintern also played a part in their release. In 1936, James S. Allen , a high-ranking official of
2419-697: The labor movement, including PKP founders Crisanto Evangelista , Antonino Ora, Jacinto Manahan, and Domingo Ponce. Evangelista and his group were increasingly being radicalized towards left-wing politics through their increasing involvement with the Comintern , Profintern , and the CPUSA . Particularly, in 1928, Evanglista, Manahan, and Cirilo Bognot went to the Soviet Union to attend the Profintern's Fourth Congress. These people were also leading figures in
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2478-499: The latter was the renaming of many East European communist parties after the Second World War, sometimes as a result of mergers with the local social democratic and democratic socialist parties. New names in the post-war era included " Socialist Party ", " Socialist Unity Party ", " People's (or Popular) Party ", " Workers' Party " and " Party of Labour ". The naming conventions of communist parties became more diverse as
2537-511: The member parties, the Comintern required that its members use the term "communist party" in their names. Under the leadership of the CPSU, the interpretations of orthodox Marxism were applied to Russia and led to the emergence of Leninist and Marxist–Leninist political parties throughout the world. After the death of Lenin, the Comintern's official interpretation of Leninism was the book Foundations of Leninism (1924) by Joseph Stalin . As
2596-477: The membership of a communist party was to be limited to active cadres in Lenin's theory, there was a need for networks of separate organizations to mobilize mass support for the party. Typically, communist parties built up various front organizations whose membership was often open to non-communists. In many countries, the single most important front organization of the communist parties was its youth wing . During
2655-620: The most popular examples of these being the National Front of East Germany (as a historical example) and the North Korean Reunification Front (as a modern-day example). Other times the formation of such Fronts was undertaken without the participation of other parties, such as the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia and the National Front of Afghanistan , though the purpose was
2714-483: The move was orchestrated by Evangelista's enemies in the COF: Ruperto Cristobal, Isabelo Tejada, and Antonio Paguia, however others dispute the nature of this election and point out that Ponce and Ora being elected to positions in the COF points to its increasing radicalization. In the previous year, the Partido Obrero almost received official backing from the COF, the resolution only being shot down by
2773-541: The parade. A contingent of the Philippine Constabulary, under Captain Rafael Jalandoni arrived to order Evangelista to cancel the parade. Evangelista instead raised his clenched fist and began an incendiary speech, and said: Comrades or brethren, the municipal president, Mr. Aquino, has allowed us to hold the parade, but for reasons unknown to me the permit has been revoked. This shows that
2832-580: The political leadership of the party. After the fall of communist party regimes in the 1990s, mass organizations sometimes outlived their communist party founders. At the international level, the Communist International organized various international front organizations (linking national mass organizations with each other), such as the Young Communist International , Profintern , Krestintern , International Red Aid , Sportintern , etc. Many of these organizations were disbanded after
2891-444: The political line as well as the struggle for a National Democratic Revolution in two stages, consisting of a " Protracted People's War " as its first part to be followed by a Socialist Revolution. Soon after this, the leadership of the PKP sought to eliminate and marginalize Sison. However, the reorganized CPP had a larger base and renewed political line that attracted thousands to join its ranks. The old leadership and its followers
2950-689: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title PKP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PKP&oldid=1251769029 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Filipino-language text Articles containing Greek-language text Articles containing Polish-language text Articles containing Russian-language text Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text Short description
3009-472: The same: to promote the communist party line to generally non-communist audiences and to mobilize them to carry out tasks within the country under the aegis of the Front. Recent scholarship has developed the comparative political study of global communist parties by examining similarities and differences across historical geographies. In particular, the rise of revolutionary parties, their spread internationally,
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#17327721288843068-466: The time of the Communist International , the youth leagues were explicit communist organizations, using the name ' Young Communist League '. Later the youth league concept was broadened in many countries, and names like 'Democratic Youth League' were adopted. Some trade unions and students', women's, peasants', and cultural organizations have been connected to communist parties. Traditionally, these mass organizations were often politically subordinated to
3127-412: The time were attributed to the PKP, and at time the PKP took credit for them, although the truth was that at the time the PKP was weak organizationally. Most members, including Evangelista, believed that the root of the revolution should come from the urban centers, while people like Manahan, Feleo, Guillermo Capadocia , and Mateo del Castillo believed that a strong peasant base was important in achieving
3186-588: The working class and peasant movements. The Congress of Labor Organizations was created in July 1945 under PKP management. In 1946 PKP participated in the presidential elections within the Democratic Alliance . In 1948, the PKP began an armed struggle against the government. The party was banned that year. In early 1950, the PKP created the People's Liberation Army ( Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan ) which
3245-590: Was accepted into the Comintern. In 1937, the PKP was legalized again, under the Commonwealth in response to the growing threat of fascism in Germany and militarist Japan . In 1938, the Socialist Party was merged into the PKP. The PKP participated in a popular front for municipal elections in 1940, which did well on the island of Luzon , where six communist mayors were elected. During World War II,
3304-413: Was held in Ora's hometown and was attended by 3,000 peasants. The most major incident concerning the first PKP was on May 1, 1931, when the communists were barred from holding their traditional Labor Day demonstration in Manila. The PKP instead transferred their celebration to Caloocan , under the auspices of the KAP. This permit, however, was also revoked hours before the start of the scheduled start of
3363-423: Was made up of about 10,000 soldiers. On October 18, 1950, the entire secretariat of the Central Committee of the PKP was arrested, including General Secretary José Lava , following the earlier capture of the Politburo in Manila (and would remain in prison for the next two decades). José had taken over the leadership when his brother Vicente died, and another brother, Jesus , took over after José's capture. In
3422-424: Was pro- Soviet , while the other, mostly younger faction was oriented towards Maoism. On December 26, 1968, the Maoist faction announced it was re-establishing the Communist Party of the Philippines . Over time, the Maoist party eclipsed the pro-Soviet faction, which is now commonly referred to as PKP-1930 since the 1980s. According to historian Joseph Scalice, the PKP, in its alliance with the Marcos administration,
3481-452: Was responsible for more communist deaths "in the wake of the declaration of martial law than were killed by the dictatorship", due mostly in part by a growing youth faction in the party called the Marxist-Leninist Group (MLG) opposing the imposition of martial law and attempting to splinter from the PKP. The PKP-1930 survived the martial law era as pro-government supporters, after being pardoned by President Ferdinand Marcos . They supported
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