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95-576: The Higher School Certificate ( HSC ) is the credential awarded to secondary school students who successfully complete senior high school level studies (Years 10, 11 and 12 or equivalent) in New South Wales and some ACT schools in Australia , as well as some international schools in Singapore , Malaysia , Indonesia , China , and Papua New Guinea . It was first introduced in 1967, and

190-451: A HSC exam and they cannot contribute to the calculation of a student's ATAR. Before they can be taught, they must be endorsed by NESA and follow NESA's rules regarding BEC courses. There are four types of Board Endorsed Courses: For most board developed courses, a student's final mark in each subject is determined by a combination of in-school assessments conducted throughout the HSC component of

285-470: A Master of Arts. Even though they are considered equivalent to a bachelor's degree they usually have a duration of one or two years and they can be offered both on a full-time and a part-time basis. In the United States, the word diploma usually refers to the physical document, especially in the context of academic degrees earned at the college or university level. That is, Americans normally draw

380-465: A basic education. In France, Louis XIV , wrestled the control of education from the Jesuits, Condorcet set up Collèges for universal lower secondary education throughout the country, then Napoleon set up a regulated system of Lycee . In England, Robert Peel 's Factory Act of 1802 required an employer to provide instruction in reading, writing and arithmetic during at least the first four years of

475-483: A cohort of pupils, to one where content is delivered by a series of subject specialists. Its educational aim is to complete provision of basic education (thereby completing the delivery of basic skills) and to lay the foundations for lifelong learning. Lower secondary education is likely to show these criteria: The end of lower secondary education often coincides with the end of compulsory education in countries where that exists. (Upper) secondary education starts on

570-486: A country these can be implemented in different ways, with different age levels and local denominations. The seven levels are: Within this system, Levels 1 and 2 – that is, primary education and lower secondary – together form basic education . Beyond that, national governments may attach the label of secondary education to Levels 2 through 4 together, Levels 2 and 3 together, or Level 2 alone. These level definitions were put together for statistical purposes, and to allow

665-439: A degree certificate or graduation certificate, or as a parchment . The certificate that a Nobel laureate receives is also called a diploma. The term diploma is also used in some historical contexts, to refer to documents signed by a monarch affirming a grant or tenure of specified land and its conditions (see Anglo-Saxon charters and diplomatics ). In Australia , there are three varieties of Diploma currently recognized by

760-611: A degree is normally called a degree certificate in the UK, and details are printed in English, not in Latin. The advanced diploma (AdvDip) is a FHEQ Level 6 award, equivalent to the final year of a bachelor's degree . They are generally accepted as equivalent to a bachelor's degree or a Graduate Diploma. An advanced diploma is a qualification that prepares students to enter into a specific career or further study in an advanced degree, like

855-512: A degree. A degree is higher than a diploma. One can never say that he finished a degree when he is only given a special diploma. A Diploma can be a qualification worth 37 or more credits on the Regulated Qualifications Framework , e.g. Entry Level Diploma, Level 3 Diploma. The Diploma of Higher Education is a higher education award equivalent to the second-year of a bachelor's degree. The Higher National Diploma

950-445: A diploma says on its face that so-and-so degree was "given at [city] on [date]", the diploma itself was not physically handed to the holder on that date. (For ceremonial purposes, the documents handed out at graduation are simply certificates of participation in the graduation ceremony itself.) Thus, asking alumni when they received their diplomas is usually pointless; what really matters for most purposes (e.g., occupational licensing )

1045-430: A distinction between a diploma as documentary evidence of the award of an academic degree, and the underlying degree itself (which is not called a diploma). The reason this distinction matters is that many American universities do not print diplomas until several weeks, months, or even up to a year after the dates on which graduates were formally awarded their degrees on their academic transcripts . In other words, when

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1140-553: A focus on ensuring girls' full and equal access to and achievement in basic education of good quality. In 1996, the Council of Europe adopted the Revised European Social Charter , which guarantees secondary education. Malala Yousafzai , Nobel Peace Prize winner in a said in a 2017 interview that: "My goal is to make sure every child, girl and boy, they get the opportunity to go to school." "It

1235-577: A given country. Secondary-level education policy should be under continuous review to keep in step with scientific and technological, economic and societal change. Adolescence is associated with a time of significant growth where identity, belongingness, and socialization, especially among peer groups is particularly important. Secondary schools play an important role in youth's socialization, development and forming their ideas and approach to justice , democracy and human rights . Education systems that promote education for justice , that is, respect for

1330-593: A leaving age of 16 for boys preparing for the army or the newer professions, and third-grade targeted at a leaving age of 14 for boys of small tenant farmers, small tradesmen, and superior artisans. This resulted in the Endowed Schools Act 1869 which advocated that girls should enjoy the same education as boys. The Newcastle Commission inquired "into the state of public education in England and to consider and report what measures, if any, are required for

1425-1126: A master's degree. In India , a diploma is a specific academic award usually earned in professional/vocational courses, e.g., Diploma in Engineering , Diploma in Nursing , Diploma in Pharmacy , Diploma in Radiography (Diagnosis) , Diploma in Medical Lab Technology etc. Engineering diplomas are concentrated for the area of study, e.g., diploma in Electronics Engineering , Electrical Engineering , Civil Engineering , Computer Engineering etc. There are two types of diplomas/certificates that are issued in formal and non-formal education sectors: formal diplomas are issued by government-approved/recognized institutions, colleges and universities and non-formal diplomas are issued by NGOs , companies and societies etc. outside

1520-447: A patchy geographical coverage, with two thirds of all towns not having any secondary school. There was no clear conception of the purpose of secondary education. There were only thirteen girls' schools and their tuition was superficial, unorganised and unscientific. They recommended a system of first-grade schools targeted at a leaving age of 18 as preparation for upper and upper-middle-class boys entering university, second-grade targeted at

1615-623: A period of six months and two years. In the Kingdom of Spain , university diplomas are issued in the name of the King . As such, they are Public Official documents, strictly regulated and protected by the law. They are internationally recognized by the Hague Convention of October 5, 1961. In the UK , diploma can refer to several different types of qualification but is never equivalent to

1710-515: A private or church initiative. With the Great Exhibition of 1851 , it became clear just how far behind the English education system had fallen. Three reports were commissioned to examine the education of upper, middle and labouring class children. The Clarendon Commission sought to improve the nine Great Public Schools. The Taunton Commission looked at the 782 endowed grammar schools (private and public). They found varying quality and

1805-499: A representative sample of 5000 fifteen year olds from each country. Testamur The diploma (as a document certifying a qualification) may also be called a testamur , Latin for "we testify" or "certify" (testari), so called from the word with which the certificate begins; this is commonly used in Australia to refer to the document certifying the award of a degree. Alternatively, this document can simply be referred to as

1900-501: A short, specialized executive education program for experienced professionals. In New Zealand , there are five different types of diploma according to the New Zealand Qualifications Framework (NZQF): In Pakistan , a diploma is a specific academic award usually earned in professional/vocational courses e.g. Diploma in Engineering , Diploma in Nursing , Diploma in Pharmacy etc. Engineering diploma

1995-650: A student has not studied the language in Year 9 due to not being able to, exemption may be granted to study Continuers based on cultural heritage and fluency. The School of Languages usually only does this, home school enrolments into these courses usually require the Year 9 prerequisite to attempt them. Where the provision for language learning does not exist at the home school, the NSW School of Languages in Petersham offers all languages examinable by NESA. The below list

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2090-505: A university degree. In Singapore, most diplomas are awarded after a three-year course, offered by the five polytechnics ( Singapore Polytechnic , Ngee Ann Polytechnic , Temasek Polytechnic , Nanyang Polytechnic and Republic Polytechnic ) or the two arts institutions ( Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts and LASALLE College of the Arts ). Other private schools like Kaplan , SIM , PSB Academy and MDIS , also offer diploma programmes between

2185-412: A wide range of subject areas. However, schools have control over the courses that they offer students, from which they must choose. The only compulsory subject area is English, with one of English Advanced, English Standard, English as an Additional Language or Dialect (EAL/D), or English Studies required for the award of the HSC. Individual schools may require their students to undertake certain courses, as

2280-507: A written thesis. In Japan , a diploma may be a Japanese original academic degree or a Certificate of Graduation issued at several levels from elementary school to university. In Mexico and other Latin American countries, a diploma may be awarded for short courses of vocational training. The university-issued diplomas finalizing higher education are most often called título (title) or certificado (certificate). A "Diplomado" can also be

2375-537: Is a vocational qualification at the same level. A Graduate Diploma is a one-year qualification at bachelor's degree level, normally taken by those who have already obtained a degree. A Postgraduate Diploma is an award at the level of a master's degree, but normally taking less time to complete. Some universities may offer other qualifications, such as the University of Cambridge 's and the University of Oxford 's Undergraduate Diploma (a 1-year, part-time course at

2470-484: Is all the languages offered by NESA that were offered in the 2023 Higher School Certificate: In addition, some VET (Vocational Education and Training) courses are offered. In addition to HSC credit, completion of these courses may earn an industry Certificate II. There are 13 Board Developed Courses (BDC) and 106 Board Endorsed courses (BEC). Board Developed Courses: Board Endorsed Courses: For students who may have intellectual disabilities or struggle with

2565-468: Is called Diploma of Associate Engineering (DAE) and is concentrated for the area of study, e.g., Electronics Engineering , Electrical Engineering , Civil Engineering etc. DAE holders are often called associate engineers in Pakistan. Postgraduate Diploma or PGD are ranked higher than the bachelor's degree as they are completed after graduation. These are normally a year's worth of coursework after

2660-564: Is currently developed and managed by the NSW Education Standards Authority (NESA). The majority of students undertake HSC-related courses over the final two years of high school, though it is possible to undertake different study patterns over different time periods or through different teaching organisations. To be eligible for the HSC, students must: There are a large number of possible courses that students can study, totalling over 100 (including languages), in

2755-487: Is designated as either one or two "units". Each unit of study involves 60 hours of indicative time in each of the preliminary and HSC courses. 10 units is the minimum number of units required; however, students can attempt more should they choose. To be eligible for the award of the HSC a student must have: Some courses have certain rules and prerequisites such as: Further restrictions may apply in certain subject areas. Further requirements regarding study patterns apply if

2850-1023: Is equivalent to the Master of Engineering degree, which is awarded by the European universities. Also in Greece there are the Vocational Training Diploma (Post-Secondary Education EQF 5 level) provided by the National Qualifications and Vocational Guidance Organization (E.O.P.P.E.P.) to the Vocational Training Institutes IEK , following certification exams carried out by the E.O.P.P.E.P. In Hong Kong , Diploma or Advanced Diploma/Certificate (Qualifications Frameworks Level 4), Professional Diploma/Certificate (Qualifications Frameworks Level 4), Higher Diploma , and associate degree are below

2945-520: Is followed by higher education , vocational education or employment. In most countries secondary education is compulsory , at least until the age of 16. Children typically enter the lower secondary phase around age 12. Compulsory education sometimes extends to age 20 and further. Since 1989, education has been seen as a basic human right for a child; Article 28, of the Convention on the Rights of

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3040-550: Is important in Hong Kong and career education in senior secondary schooling in this country is hence provided. Job shadowing is not yet done in their secondary schools however. Each country has developed the form of education most appropriate for them. There is an attempt to compare the effectiveness by using the results from the PISA that, each third year, assesses the scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading of

3135-752: Is neither qualitative (stating what education means) or quantitative saying when it starts and when it is completed. The term secondary is not defined or mentioned. Together this has enabled countries to terminate free, compulsory, basic education at 11 or only continue education past eleven to boys. Article 28, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) stated that primary education should be free and compulsory while different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, should be available and accessible to every child. Free education should be provided and financial assistance offered in case of need. In 1990, at Jomtien again tried to define

3230-416: Is the case with Studies of Religion in many religious schools or Agriculture in agricultural schools, however, these are internal school requirements separate from HSC requirements. Most courses offered comprise a preliminary (typically Year 11) component and a HSC (typically Year 12) component. As a general rule, the preliminary component must be completed prior to the HSC component. Furthermore, each subject

3325-428: Is the standard academic degree, needing at least 3.5 years to complete it, being comparable with a bachelor's and master's degree in one. In Greece , diplomas can be awarded by educational institutes as a proof of a certain educational level. The diploma in engineering is a degree provided by Greek technical universities and universities after the successful completion of a five-year integrated study programme and it

3420-414: Is their basic human right, so I will be working on that and I will never stop until I see the last child going to school." In 2017, Human Rights Watch adopted a policy calling on states to take immediate measures to ensure that secondary education is accessible to all free of charge, and compulsory through the end of lower-secondary school. This was a call for secondary education to be included as part of

3515-441: Is then calculated from the best 2 units of English and the best 8 units from your remaining units, which can include no more than 2 units of Category B courses. The ATAR is then used for admission to universities across Australia. Furthermore, whenever a student has completed a board developed course, they also receive feedback regarding their results in that course, which typically includes exam results, school assessment results and

3610-433: Is then used to statistically moderate in-school assessment results between different schools before calculating the student's final mark in the subject, typically out of 100 for 2-unit courses and out of 50 for 1-unit courses. For most board endorsed courses, the assessment is administered by the school and does not have an associated HSC exam. Depending on the requirement of the course, an unmoderated mark will be awarded, or

3705-413: Is used in the United States to refer to a person holding a specialized certification in a professional field, although the documentary evidence of this is traditionally called a "certificate" and not a "diploma". For example, board-certified physicians in the United States traditionally indicate their board-certified status on their letterhead and business cards with the title "Diplomate", a comma, and then

3800-403: Is when they received their degrees. This important distinction can lead to some confusion when persons who obtained degrees at American universities are presenting their academic credentials in other countries. There are two major exceptions where Americans have merged the document with the qualification it represents (as seen in other countries). The first is the high school diploma . Second,

3895-584: The Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF): The Diploma, Advanced Diploma and Graduate Diploma are all forms of Degrees, with a Diploma (Level five) qualification, being the entry level for Higher Education. The "Vocational Graduate Diploma" was a short lived AQF qualification equivalent to the "Graduate Diploma", intended to be delivered exclusively in the VET sector. On January 1, 2015, all such qualifications being offered lost

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3990-605: The International Standard Classification of Education scale. Level 2 or lower secondary education (less commonly junior secondary education ) is considered the second and final phase of basic education , and level 3 upper secondary education or senior secondary education is the stage before tertiary education . Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them. Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and

4085-513: The University of Pennsylvania —still use Latin." At Harvard University , undergraduate degrees began to be written in English in 1961, leading to a street protest by students known as the "Diploma Riots". However, as of 2021, some Harvard graduate schools continue to issue degrees in Latin, including Harvard Law School and the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . The term diplomate (always ending with an e )

4180-426: The computus as well as the works of the saints' Even at this stage, there was tension, as the church was worried that knowledge of Latin would give the student access to non-Christian texts that it would not wish them to read. Over the centuries leading to the renaissance and reformation the church was the main provider of secondary education. Various invasions and schisms within the controlling church challenged

4275-639: The rule of law (RoL) together with international human rights and fundamental freedoms strengthen the relationship between learners and public institutions with the objective of empowering young people to become champions of peace and justice. Teachers are on the front line of this work and, along with families, play a formative role in shaping the future of youth's attitudes and behaviours. Career and Life Planning Education (CLPE) activities as well as (Career) Development Education take place at secondary schools in Hong Kong . Students' transition from study to work

4370-551: The section below by country . A form of education for adolescents became necessary in all societies that had an alphabet and engaged in commerce. In Western Europe, formal secondary education can be traced back to the Athenian educational reforms of 320BC. Though their civilisation was eclipsed and they were enslaved, Hellenistic Athenian teachers were valued in the Roman system . The Roman and Hellenistic schools of rhetoric taught

4465-514: The 2013 academic year, initially required participation in some form of education or training until the school year in which the child turned 17, followed by the age being raised to the young person's 18th birthday in 2015. This was referred to as raising the "participation age" to distinguish it from the school leaving age which remains at 16. Thus the UK is following the ISCED Level 3 (Upper) secondary education guideline. The United Nations

4560-538: The Adolescent" (1926) proposed that there should be a break point at eleven, establishing primary schools and secondary schools. The United Nations , founded in 1947, was committed to education for all but the definition was difficult to formulate. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) declared that elementary and fundamental education, which it did not define, was a right to be enjoyed by all. The Education Act 1944 (Butler Act) made sweeping changes to

4655-641: The Bible into English (1525), Latin became a skill reserved for the catholic church and sons of conservative nobility. Schools started to be set up for the sons of merchants in Europe and the colonies too- for example Boston Latin Grammar School (1635). Comenius (1592–1670), a Moravian protestant proposed a new model of education- where ideas were developed from the familiar to the theoretical rather than through repetition, where languages were taught in

4750-478: The Child states that primary education should be free and compulsory while different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, should be available and accessible to every child. The terminology has proved difficult, and there was no universal definition before ISCED divided the period between primary education and university into junior secondary education and upper secondary education. In classical and medieval times, secondary education

4845-601: The English courses available to study: The following is a list of elective Board Developed Courses currently available to students. HSIE (Human Society and Its Environment): Mathematics: Science: TAS (Technological and Applied Studies): Creative Arts: PDHPE (Personal Development, Health and Physical Education): Content Endorsed Courses (CEC) fall under Board Endorsed Courses. Languages are also offered as Beginners, Continuers, Extension, Background Speakers and recently, Heritage courses. Only one course of any one language may be taken, with

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4940-701: The HSC: Board Developed Courses and Board Endorsed Courses. Board Developed Courses (BDCs), also known as HSC courses, have a syllabus and final exam set by NESA and may contribute to the calculation of the ATAR. They are the most common type of course in NSW and are inclusive of Life Skills courses and VET Industry Curriculum Framework courses. Board Endorsed Courses (BECs) are developed outside of NESA (such as TAFE ) and may vary from school to school in regard to content and assessment. They do not have

5035-599: The Reformation to come first. The Reformation was about, among other things, allowing the laïty to interpret the Bible in their own way without the intervention of priests, and preferably in the vernacular. This stimulated the foundation of free Grammar schools- who searched for a less constrained curriculum. Colonialisation required navigation, mensuration, languages and administrative skills. The laïty wanted these taught to their sons. After Gutenberg 1455 had mastered moveable metal type printing and Tyndale had translated

5130-482: The ability to learn independently, to work in teams, entrepreneurship and civic responsibility. They may be best instilled through a shared foundational learning period and by deferring the directing of students into academic and vocational streams for as long as possible, and then there should be flexibility to ensure the free movement of students between the streams depending on their aptitudes and inclinations. Accreditation in one stream should have equal recognition in

5225-460: The child. Education was for the few. Up to the middle of the 19th century, secondary schools were organised to satisfy the needs of different social classes with the labouring classes getting four years, the merchant class five years, and the elite getting seven years. The rights to a secondary education were codified after 1945, and some countries are moving to mandatory and free secondary education for all youth under 19. Secondary education refers to

5320-542: The choir. He had to create both the grammar schools that taught Latin, to enable the English to study for the priesthood, and song schools (choir schools) that trained the 'sons of gentlefolk' to sing in cathedral choirs. In the case of Canterbury (597) and Rochester (604), both still exist. Bede in his Ecclesiastical history (732) tells that the Canterbury school taught more than the 'intended reading and understanding of Latin', but 'the rules of metric, astronomy and

5415-417: The completion of basic education, which also is defined as completion of lower secondary education. The educational focus is varied according to the student's interests and future direction. Education at this level is usually voluntary. (Upper) secondary education is likely to show these criteria: More subjects may be dropped, and increased specialism occurs. Completion of (upper) secondary education provides

5510-687: The content basic education and how it should be delivered. 'Basic education' is defined as 'action designed to meet 'basic learning needs'. 'primary schooling' is considered as 'the main delivery system of basic education'. Which is explained in Principals for Action that: addressing the basic learning needs of all means: early childhood care and development opportunities; relevant, quality primary schooling or equivalent out-of-school education for children; and literacy, basic knowledge and life skills training for youth and adults.' The assumption being made that basic knowledge and life skills training for youth

5605-610: The course (constituting 50% of their HSC mark) and an externally administered final exam, typically held in October or November of that year (constituting 50% of their HSC mark). For in-school assessments, schools prepare and run an assessment program for each course, in line with NESA requirements such as which course components are assessed and how they are weighted in the assessment. Schools are responsible for setting assessment tasks such as exams, assignments, fieldwork or practical activities, as well as deciding due dates. The external exam

5700-604: The course will be marked as completed. Upon successful completion of a satisfactory pattern of study, students are awarded the Higher School Certificate by way of a testamur . NESA provides the results of all student results to the Universities Admissions Centre (UAC) to calculate an Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) based on their HSC performance (separate from NESA). To be eligible for an ATAR, students must: The ATAR

5795-413: The elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. It was assumed that elementary education was basic education —the entitlement for children—and fundamental education was a right for working people, but for a lawyer the definition

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5890-468: The entry requirements to Level 5 tertiary education, the entry requirements to technical or vocational education (Level 4, non tertiary course), or direct entry into the workplace. In 2012 the ISCED published further work on education levels where it codified particular paths and redefined the tertiary levels. Lower secondary education and (upper) secondary education could last between two and five years, and

5985-722: The exception of Extension, available only to students taking the Continuers course. Due to the large number of language courses, they have been listed separately. The letters B (beginners), C (continuers), E (extension), BS (background speakers), H (heritage) indicate which courses are available for study. From 2017, background speakers and heritage courses were renamed to In Context and Literature, affecting Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese and Korean students in those courses. Continuers refers to languages that were studied in Year 9 and will be continued in Years 10, 11 and 12. In some cases, where

6080-627: The extension of sound and cheap elementary instruction to all classes of the people". It produced 1861 Newcastle Report and this led to the Elementary Education Act 1870 ( 33 & 34 Vict. c. 75) (Forster Act). The school boards set up by the Elementary Education Act 1870 were stopped from providing secondary education by the Cockerton Judgement of 1899. The school leaving age at this time

6175-552: The focus of the schools, and the curriculum and language of instruction waxed and waned. From 1100, With the growth of the towns, grammar schools 'free' of the church were founded, and some church grammar schools were handed over to the laïty. Universities were founded that did not just train students for the priesthood. Whereas in mainland Europe the Renaissance preceded the Reformation , local conditions in England caused

6270-470: The formal education sector. In Indonesia , a diploma is a vocational tertiary education award. There are four varieties of Diploma currently recognized by Indonesian National Qualification Framework ( Indonesian : Kerangka Kerja Nasional Indonesia , KKNI). In the Republic of Ireland , a National Diploma was awarded before 2004. It was at the same level as the ordinary bachelor's degree and below

6365-502: The funding of state education using the tripartite system, but was not allowed to tackle private schools. It introduced the GCE 'O'level at 16, and the 'A' at 18, but only raised the school leaving age until 15, making the exam inaccessible to the majority. But one year of ISCED Level 3 (Upper) secondary education was mandatory and free. In 1972 the school leaving was raised to 16. The Education and Skills Act 2008 , when it came into force in

6460-634: The future secondary modern schools . In the " 1904 Regulations for Secondary Schools ", the Board of Education determined that secondary schools should offer : a four year subject-based course leading to a certificate in English language and literature, geography, history, a foreign language, mathematics, science, drawing, manual work, physical training, and, for girls, housewifery. The Education Act 1918 (Fisher Act) extended compulsory full-time education to 14 , and recommended compulsory part-time education from 14 to 18. The Hadlow report, "Education

6555-544: The gathering of comparative data nationally and internationally. They were approved by the UNESCO General Conference at its 29th session in November 1997. Though they may be dated, they do provide a universal set of definitions and remain unchanged in the 2011 update. The start of lower secondary education is characterised by the transition from the single-class-teacher, who delivers all content to

6650-469: The honours bachelor's degree , whilst the Higher Diploma is taken after the bachelor's degree. There is BTEC Extended Diploma also after which one gets progression to a Degree (University). In Ireland a Graduate Diploma is a Level 9 degree, the equivalent of a master's degree, requiring the student to complete 60 credits instead of 90 and usually centring on the completion of a project rather than

6745-421: The larger cities, serving the families of merchants and tradesmen who embraced change. During the 18th century their social base widened and their curriculum developed, particularly in mathematics and the natural sciences. But this was not universal education and was self-selecting by wealth The industrial revolution changed that. Industry required an educated workforce where all workers needed to have completed

6840-423: The level of the bachelor's degree . Certificate (not Post-Graduate Certificate ) Qualifications Frameworks Level 3 or below; are below the level of Diploma, Advanced or Professional Diploma/Certificate (Qualifications Frameworks Level 4), Higher Diploma or associate degree. Postgraduate Certificates and Postgraduate Diplomas are usually granted after the bachelor's degree. It's more vocational oriented than

6935-439: The minimum core of the right to education, and seen as an immediate obligation. UNESCO believes that in order to prepare young people for life and work in a rapidly changing world, secondary-level education systems need to be re-oriented to impart a broad repertoire of life-skills. These skills should include the key generic competencies, non occupation-specific practical capabilities, information and communications technology ,

7030-462: The name of their certifying board. To get a diploma in Iranian schools, one must first complete 6 years of elementary school, then 3 years of middle school, and then 3 years of high school. When the 12 years of study are over, a diploma is obtained according to the type of study field. The International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma is a pre-university qualification normally taken by students in

7125-418: The other as well as for access to higher education. This will equip young people with multiple skills so that they are prepared to enter and re-enter the workforce several times in their working lives, as wage employees or self-employed entrepreneurs, and to re-train themselves when their skills become obsolete. It recognizes that there is no single model that will suit all countries, or even all communities in

7220-546: The peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion, by the Charter of the United Nations ." The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) declared that elementary and fundamental education was a right to be enjoyed by all, but again could not define either elementary and fundamental education. Article 26 :(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in

7315-456: The performance band in which their performance lies. Each band represents a particular range of marks. For 2 unit courses: For extension courses: Students who achieve high marks are celebrated on HSC merit lists. The four types of merit lists are: There are two main types of courses available in the HSC: Board Developed Courses and Board Endorsed Courses. Being the only mandatory course for HSC, for English, students must choose between one of

7410-402: The period can be categorised in three groups: the nine leading schools, seven of them boarding institutions which maintained the traditional curriculum of the classics, and mostly served 'the aristocracy and the squirearchy' ; most of the old endowed grammar schools serving a broad social base in their immediate localities which also stuck to the old curriculum; the grammar schools situated in

7505-458: The same level as a Diploma of Higher Education) and Undergraduate Advanced Diploma. The Undergraduate Advanced Diploma (UGAdvDip) is a FHEQ Level 6 award which is generally accepted as equivalent to a second bachelor's degree or a Graduate Diploma. Undergraduate Advanced Diplomas are only offered at the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford. The document certifying the award of

7600-539: The seven liberal arts and sciences – grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy – which were regarded as a preparation for the study at a tertiary level of theology, law and medicine. Boys would have been prepared to enter these schools by private tutors at home. Girls would have only received tuition at home. England provides a good case study. When Augustine of Canterbury brought Christianity there in 597, no schools existed. He needed trained priests to conduct church services and boys to sing in

7695-634: The seven years of apprenticeship. The state had accepted responsibility for the basic education of the poor. The provision of school places remained inadequate, so an Order in Council dated 10 April 1839 created the Committee of the Privy Council on Education . There was considerable opposition to the idea that children of all classes should receive basic education, all the initiatives such as industrial schools and Sunday schools were initially

7790-690: The stage of formal education that follows primary education and precedes higher education. It is typically offered to students between the ages of 12 and 18, although the specific age range may vary depending on the educational system and country. The purpose of secondary education is to provide students with a well-rounded education that prepares them for higher education or the workforce. It aims to develop their intellectual, social, and emotional skills, while also fostering critical thinking, creativity, and independence. The 1997 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) describes seven levels that can be used to compare education internationally. Within

7885-416: The standard course, there are options. The eligibility is limited. The following courses have a Life Skills choice: A major HSC Syllabus reform was executed in 2019. The "new" syllabus involved the addition of "Science Extension" and "Investigating Science" as new courses. These courses were made available to students that commenced teaching in October 2018 for the cohort of 2019. The course "Senior Science"

7980-492: The state of NSW. For the new syllabus, English questions have now become more specific, prompting on-the-spot answers in turn rigorously testing students natural English writing ability and ability to analyse and interpret unseen questions, texts and information. Also included in this reform is making mathematics a mandatory HSC subject, effective starting with the HSC class of 2026. Secondary education Secondary education or post-primary education covers two phases on

8075-536: The student wishes to apply for a separate Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) based on their HSC performance. If they do, their final ATAR mark is calculated using their best 2 units of English and 8 best other units. Extension courses, each with a value of one unit, may be included in the study program, meaning that a certain subject area may have up to four units, e.g. English (Advanced) (two units) plus English Extension 1 and English Extension 2 (each worth one unit). There are two main types of courses available in

8170-545: The term "diploma" can refer to a specific academic or training award. For example, the Diploma in Nursing was offered by hospital-based nursing schools. Historically, American universities emulated their European counterparts by issuing diplomas written in the Latin language. That is now the exception today: "While most colleges and universities now issue English diplomas, some prominent holdouts—including Yale , Princeton and

8265-488: The transition between two often would be when students were allowed some subject choice. Terminology for secondary schools varies by country, and the exact meaning of any of these varies. Secondary schools may also be called academies , colleges , gymnasiums , high schools , lyceums , middle schools , preparatory schools , sixth-form colleges , upper schools , or vocational schools , among other names. For further information about nomenclature, see

8360-583: The value of a course load towards a diploma. To graduate and earn a diploma, the school decides how many credits each course contributes towards the diploma. For example, one college course delivered over 14 weeks of a semester counts for 3 credits towards the 60 credits for a complete 2-year program. In Germany , Ukraine , Serbia , Croatia , Hungary and other countries that adopted the German academic education system, diploma (in German Diplom )

8455-453: The vernacular and supported universal education. In his Didactica Magna (Great Didactic), he outlined a system of schools that is the exact counterpart of many western school systems: kindergarten, elementary school, secondary school, six-form college, university. Locke 's Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) stressed the importance of a broader intellectual training, moral development and physical hardening. The grammar schools of

8550-586: The word "Vocational" from their title. In Ontario , Canada , diplomas are two and three year academic post-secondary programmes taught by colleges and institutes of applied studies, arts, and technology. Two year programmes are referred to as college diplomas, while three year programmes are called Ontario College Advanced Diplomas . Baccalaureate degrees in Ontario are commonly a year longer than an Advanced Diploma and are offered by both colleges and universities. The Canadian school system uses credits to calculate

8645-473: Was 10. The Judgement prompted the Education Act 1902 (Balfour Act). Compulsory education was extended to 12. The new local education authorities (LEA)s that were formed from the school boards; started to open higher grade elementary schools (ISCED Level2) or county schools to supplement the endowed grammar schools. These LEAs were allowed to build second-grade secondary schools that in the main became

8740-522: Was discontinued as of October 2018. The reformed syllabus involved changes that are a move towards compulsory English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Investigating Science and Extension Science in the future. Changes introduced to compulsory English discontinued the field of study "Discovery" as NESA discovered students would simply hire and pay off third party tutoring companies and/or private tutors in order to completely memorise and regurgitate essay information, in turn causing an imbalance in advantage towards

8835-425: Was provided by the church for the sons of nobility and to boys preparing for universities and the priesthood. As trade required navigational and scientific skills, the church expanded the curriculum and widened the intake. With the Reformation the state began taking control of learning from the church, and with Comenius and John Locke education changed from being repetition of Latin text to building up knowledge in

8930-506: Was strong in its commitment to education for all but fell into linguistic difficulty defining that right. "Article I: Purposes and functions 1. The purpose of the Organization is to contribute to peace and security by promoting collaboration among the nations through education, science and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms which are affirmed for

9025-560: Was the function of secondary education. This was codified by the ISCED documents. The Dakar Framework for Action 2010 goal 2 states: Ensuring that by 2015 all children, particularly girls, children in difficult circumstances and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have access to and complete free and compulsory (primary in the sense basic) education of good quality. The Dakar Framework for Action 2010 goal 5 states: Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with

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