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57-573: Joseph Pulitzer's younger brother Albert founded the New York Morning Journal in 1882. After three years of its existence, John R. McLean briefly acquired the paper in 1895. It was renamed The Journal . But a year later in 1896, he sold it to Hearst. In 1901, the morning newspaper was renamed New York American . Hearst founded the New York Evening Journal about a year later in 1896. He entered into

114-474: A circulation war with the New York World , the newspaper run by his former mentor Joseph Pulitzer and from whom he stole the cartoonists George McManus and Richard F. Outcault . In October 1896, Outcault defected to Hearst's New York Journal . Because Outcault had failed in his effort to copyright The Yellow Kid both newspapers published versions of the comic feature with George Luks providing

171-505: A complicated machine to perform a simple task. Goldberg was born on July 4, 1883, in San Francisco , California , to Jewish parents Max and Hannah ( née Cohn) Goldberg. He was the third of seven children, three of whom died as children; older brother Garrett, younger brother Walter, and younger sister Lillian also survived. Goldberg began tracing illustrations when he was four years old, and he took his only drawing lessons with

228-670: A degree in Engineering and was hired by the city of San Francisco as an engineer for the Water and Sewers Department. After six months he resigned his position with the city to join the San Francisco Chronicle where he became a sports cartoonist . The following year, he took a job with the San Francisco Bulletin , where he remained until he moved to New York City in 1907, finding employment as

285-583: A gossip columnist and as an acquaintance of F. Scott Fitzgerald . William V. Finn, a staff photographer, died on the morning of June 25, 1958, while photographing the aftermath of a fiery collision between the tanker Empress Bay and cargo ship Nebraska in the East River . Finn was a past-president of the New York Press Photographers Association and was the second of only two of the association's members to die in

342-503: A habeas case that "Rube Goldberg would envy the scheme the Court has created." Rube Goldberg wrote the first feature film for the pre- Curly Howard version of The Three Stooges called Soup to Nuts , which was released in 1930 and starred Ted Healy . The film featured his machines and included cameos of Rube himself. In the 1962 John Wayne movie Hatari! , an invention to catch monkeys by character Pockets, played by Red Buttons ,

399-400: A high school division added in 1996. Devices must complete a simple task in a minimum of twenty steps and a maximum of seventy-five in the style of Goldberg. The contest is hosted nationwide by Rube Goldberg Inc., a not-for-profit 501(c)(3), founded by Rube's son George W. George , and currently managed by Rube's granddaughter, Jennifer George. In 1998, Justice Scalia remarked in a dissent in

456-547: A journalist during the final months of World War II. Leonard Liebling served as the paper's music critic from 1923 to 1936. Beginning in 1938, Max Kase (1898–1974) was the sports editor until the newspaper expired in 1966. The fashion editor was Robin Chandler Duke. Jack O'Brian (1914–2000) was television critic for the Journal-American and exposed the 1958 quiz-show scandal that involved cheating on

513-564: A local sign painter. In 1911, he built the R. L. Goldberg Building at 182–198 Gough Street, San Francisco, for his widowed father to live in, as well as to collect rental income. Goldberg married Irma Seeman on October 17, 1916. They lived at 98 Central Park West in New York City and had two sons: Thomas and George . During World War II , as each of his sons headed off to college, Goldberg insisted that they change their surname because of antisemitic sentiment toward him stemming from

570-407: A real-life Goldberg device. The iCarly (2007) episode iDon’t Want to Fight, Spencer built a Rube Goldberg Machine to feed his fish. The Suite Life on Deck episode A London Carol, Cody built a Rube Goldberg Machine to help Zack wake up at six a.m. The 2010 music video "This Too Shall Pass – RGM Version" by the rock band OK Go features a machine that, after four minutes of kinetic activity, shoots

627-399: A series of seven short animated films which focus on humorous aspects of everyday situations in the form of an animated newsreel . The seven films were released on these dates in 1916: May 8, The Boob Weekly ; May 22, Leap Year ; June 5, The Fatal Pie ; Jun 19, From Kitchen Mechanic to Movie Star ; July 3, Nutty News ; July 17, Home Sweet Home ; July 31, Losing Weight . Goldberg

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684-547: A situation compounded by the fact that television news was affecting evening newspapers more than their morning counterparts. The domination of television news became evident starting with the four-day period of JFK's assassination , Jack Ruby 's shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald and both men's funerals. New York newspapers in general were in dire straits by then, following a devastating newspaper strike in late 1962 and early 1963 . Journal-American editors, apparently sensing that psychotherapy and rock music were starting to enter

741-571: A sports cartoonist with the New York Evening Mail . Goldberg's first public hit was a comic strip called Foolish Questions , beginning in 1908. The invention cartoons began in 1912. The New York Evening Mail was syndicated to the first newspaper syndicate , the McClure Newspaper Syndicate , giving Goldberg's cartoons a wider distribution, and by 1915 he was earning $ 25,000 per year and being billed by

798-767: Is described as a "Rube Goldberg." In the late 1960s and early '70s, educational shows like Sesame Street , Vision On and The Electric Company routinely showed bits that involved Rube Goldberg devices, including the Rube Goldberg Alphabet Contraption , and the What Happens Next Machine . Various other films and cartoons have included highly complicated machines that perform simple tasks. Among these are Flåklypa Grand Prix , Looney Tunes , Tom and Jerry , Wallace and Gromit , Pee-wee's Big Adventure , The Way Things Go , Edward Scissorhands , Back to

855-651: Is housed at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. The photographic morgue consists of approximately two million prints and one million negatives created for publication, with the bulk of the collection covering the years from 1937 to the paper's demise in 1966. The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History , also at the University of Texas at Austin, has the Journal-American morgue of clippings, numbering approximately nine million. Because they are not digitized and because employees of

912-593: The American before becoming president of baseball's National League (1934–1951), then commissioner of Major League Baseball (1951–1965). Frick was hired by Wilton S. Farnsworth , who was sports editor of the American from 1914 to 1937 until becoming a boxing promoter. Bill Corum was a sportswriter for the Journal-American who also served nine years as president of the Churchill Downs race track. Frank Graham covered sports there from 1945 to 1965 and

969-684: The Journal ) on October 3, 1909. His son, Walter Pulitzer, who was an author and magazine publisher, died in 1926. In 2010, author James McGrath Morris published a new biography of Joseph Pulitzer ( Pulitzer: A Life in Politics, Print, and Power ) which included new information from Albert Pulitzer's memoirs. These materials, which he tracked down in 2005, had been preserved by Albert's granddaughter Muriel. Rube Goldberg Reuben Garrett Lucius Goldberg (July 4, 1883 – December 7, 1970), better known as Rube Goldberg ( / ˈ r uː b / ),

1026-536: The Journal-American ' s demise was a power struggle between Hearst CEO Richard E. Berlin and two of Hearst's sons, who had trouble carrying on the father's legacy after his 1951 death. William Randolph Hearst Jr. claimed in 1991 that Berlin, who died in 1986, had suffered from Alzheimer's disease starting in the mid-1960s and that caused him to shut down several Hearst newspapers without just cause. The Journal-American ceased publishing in April 1966, officially

1083-631: The Journal-American . The Evening Journal was home to famed investigative reporter Nellie Bly , who began writing for the paper in 1914 as a war correspondent from the battlefields of World War I. Bly eventually returned to the United States and was given her own column that she wrote right up until her death in 1922. Popular columnists included Ambrose Bierce , Benjamin De Casseres , Dorothy Kilgallen , O. O. McIntyre , and Westbrook Pegler . Kilgallen also wrote articles that appeared on

1140-605: The National Cartoonists Society 's Gold T-Square Award in 1955, and the Banshees' Silver Lady Award in 1959. He was a founding member and first president of the National Cartoonists Society , which hosts the annual Reuben Award , honoring the top cartoonist of the year and named after Goldberg, who won the award in 1967. He is the inspiration for international competitions known as Rube Goldberg Machine Contests , which challenge participants to create

1197-524: The New York World with their version after Outcault left. The Yellow Kid was one of the first comic strips to be printed in color and gave rise to the phrase yellow journalism , used to describe the sensationalist and often exaggerated articles, which helped, along with a one-cent price tag, to greatly increase circulation of the newspaper. Many believed that as part of this, aside from any nationalistic sentiment, Hearst may have helped to initiate

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1254-622: The Register and Tribune Syndicate : Brad and Dad (1939–1941) and Side Show (1938–1941), a continuation of the invention drawings. Starting in 1938, Goldberg worked as the editorial cartoonist for the New York Sun . He won the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning for a cartoon entitled " Peace Today ". He moved to the New York Journal-American in 1949 and worked there until his retirement in 1963. In

1311-495: The Spanish–American War of 1898 with lurid exposes of Spanish atrocities against insurgents and foreign journalists. In 1937, the morning New York American (since 1901) and the evening paper New York Evening Journal merged into New York Journal-American . The Journal-American was a publication with several editions in the afternoon and evening. In the early 1900s, Hearst weekday morning and afternoon papers around

1368-742: The United States when he was 16, and started work as a German teacher at Leavenworth High School in Kansas . After two years, he started working for an Illinois newspaper. He moved to New York City in 1871 and worked at the New York Sun and New York Herald , until founding the Journal . He wrote The Romance of Prince Eugene. An idyll of the Time of Napoleon 1. (2 Volumes, Dodd, Mead, NY 1895.) Suffering from neurasthenia , Albert committed suicide in Vienna (he had moved to Europe after he sold

1425-520: The University of California , where Rube attended from 1901 to 1903. Frederick Slate gave his engineering students the task of building a scale that could weigh the Earth. The scale was called the “Barodik". To Goldberg, this exemplified a comical combination of seriousness and ridiculousness that would come to serve as an inspiration in his work. From 1938 to 1941, Goldberg drew two weekly strips for

1482-588: The 1960s, Goldberg began a sculpture career, primarily creating busts . The popularity of Goldberg's cartoons was such that the term "Goldbergian" was in use in print by 1915, and "Rube Goldberg" by 1928. "Rube Goldberg" appeared in the Random House Dictionary of the English Language in 1966 meaning "having a fantastically complicated improvised appearance", or "deviously complex and impractical." The 1915 usage of "Goldbergian"

1539-517: The American alternative rock/indie band The Bravery released a video for their debut single, "An Honest Mistake," which features the band performing the song in the middle of a Rube Goldberg machine. In 1999, an episode of The X-Files was titled " The Goldberg Variation ". The episode intertwined characters FBI agents Mulder and Scully, a simple apartment super, Henry Weems (Willie Garson) and an ailing young boy, Ritchie Lupone ( Shia LaBeouf ) in

1596-531: The Beatles made to New York in 1964 and 1965, including their appearances at Shea Stadium , various Journal-American columnists and reporters devoted a lot of space to them. Throughout 1964 and 1965, Dorothy Kilgallen's Voice of Broadway column, which ran Sunday through Friday, often reported short news items about trendy young rock groups and performers such as The Rolling Stones , The Animals , The Dave Clark Five , Mary Wells and Sam Cooke . The newspaper

1653-521: The English illustrator with an equal devotion to odd machinery, also portraying sequential or chain reaction elements. The Danish equivalent was the painter, author and cartoonist Robert Storm Petersen , better known under his pen name Storm P. To this day, an overly complicated and/or useless object is known as a Storm P.-machine in Denmark. Goldberg's work was commemorated posthumously in 1995 with

1710-774: The Future , Honey, I Shrunk the Kids , The Goonies , Gremlins , the Saw film series , Chitty Chitty Bang Bang , The Cat from Outer Space , Malcolm , Hotel for Dogs , the Home Alone film series , Family Guy , American Dad! , Casper , and Waiting... In the Final Destination film series the characters often die in Rube Goldberg-esque ways. In the film The Great Mouse Detective ,

1767-403: The band members in the face with paint. "RGM" presumably stands for Rube Goldberg Machine. 2012 The CBS show Elementary features a machine in its opening sequence. The 2012 Discovery Channel show Unchained Reaction pitted two teams against each other to create an elaborate Rube Goldberg machine. It was judged and executive-produced by Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman , known for hosting

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1824-405: The combined New York World Journal Tribune was delayed for several months after the April 1966 expiration of its three components because of difficulty reaching an agreement with manual laborers who were needed to operate the press. The World Journal Tribune commenced publication on September 12, 1966, but folded eight months later. Other afternoon and evening newspapers that expired following

1881-595: The comic character Judge Rummy , joined the Journal 's staff in 1905. In 1922, the Evening Journal introduced a Saturday color comics tabloid with strips not seen on Sunday, and this 12-page tabloid continued for decades, offering Popeye , Grandma , Don Tobin's The Little Woman , Mandrake the Magician , Don Flowers ' Glamor Girls , Grin and Bear It , Buck Rogers , and other strips. Rube Goldberg and Einar Nerman also became cartoonists with

1938-677: The consciousness of both blue-collar and white-collar New Yorkers, enlisted Dr. Joyce Brothers to write front-page articles in February 1964 analyzing the Beatles . While the Beatles were filming Help! in the Bahamas , columnist Phyllis Battelle interviewed them for articles that ran on the Journal-American front page and in other Hearst papers, including the Los Angeles Herald Examiner , for four consecutive days, from April 25 to 28, 1965. During every visit that

1995-399: The country featured scattered black-and-white comic strips, and on January 31, 1912, Hearst introduced the nation's first full daily comics page in the Evening Journal . On January 12, 1913, McManus launched his Bringing Up Father comic strip. The comics expanded into two full pages daily and a 12-page Sunday color section with leading King Features Syndicate strips. By the mid-1940s,

2052-543: The facility have limited time for communicating by email with people who are searching for very old articles, the people who are searching should know the date of a Journal-American article to locate it on microfilm. Two scoops of The Journal was the printing of the confession of Herman Webster Mudghett aka Dr. H. H. Holmes a serial killer of Chicago in 1896 and the Jacob Smith order of 1902 Albert Pulitzer Albert Pulitzer (July 10, 1851 – October 3, 1909)

2109-471: The inclusion of Rube Goldberg's Inventions , depicting his 1931 "Self-Operating Napkin" in the Comic Strip Classics series of U.S. postage stamps . The Rube Goldberg Machine Contest originated in 1949 as a competition at Purdue University between two fraternities. It ran until 1956, and was revived in 1983 as a university-wide competition. In 1989 it became a national competition, with

2166-532: The line of duty. The newspaper was famous for publishing many photographs with the "Journal-American Photo" credit line as well as news photographs from the Associated Press and other wire services . With one of the highest circulations in New York in the 1950s and 1960s, the Journal-American nevertheless had difficulties attracting advertising as its blue-collar reading base turned to television,

2223-894: The newspaper expired. Unlike two other New York City daily newspapers, the tabloid New York Daily News and The New York Times , the Journal-American has not been digitized and can not be accessed in a database or online archive. The newspaper is preserved on microfilm in New York City, Washington, DC, and Austin, Texas. Interlibrary loans make the microfilm accessible to people who cannot travel to those cities. The COVID-19 pandemic curtailed interlibrary loans, especially for researchers who need reels of microfilm that exist in very few places. On rare occasions, researchers have digitally scanned Journal-American pages, articles or columns, such as Dorothy Kilgallen's, from microfilm and shared them on social media and other websites. These are rare opportunities for historians to become familiar with this newspaper. The Journal-American photo morgue

2280-720: The newspaper's Sunday comics included Bringing Up Father , Blondie , a full-page Prince Valiant , Flash Gordon , The Little King , Buz Sawyer , Feg Murray's Seein' Stars , Tim Tyler's Luck , Gene Ahern 's Room and Board and The Squirrel Cage , The Phantom , Jungle Jim , Tillie the Toiler , Little Annie Rooney , Little Iodine , Bob Green's The Lone Ranger , Believe It or Not! , Uncle Remus , Dinglehoofer und His Dog  [ fr ] , Donald Duck , Tippie , Right Around Home , Barney Google and Snuffy Smith , and The Katzenjammer Kids . Tad Dorgan , known for his boxing and dog cartoons, as well as

2337-605: The paper as America's most popular cartoonist. Arthur Brisbane had offered Goldberg $ 2,600 per year in 1911 in an unsuccessful attempt to get him to move to William Randolph Hearst 's newspaper chain, and in 1915 raised the offer to $ 50,000 per year. Rather than lose Goldberg to Hearst, the New York Evening Mail matched the salary offer and formed the Evening Mail Syndicate to syndicate Goldberg's cartoons nationally. In 1916, Goldberg created

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2394-423: The political nature of his cartoons. Thomas chose the surname George, and his brother, also named George, followed suit. In adopting the same surname, George wanted to keep a sense of family cohesiveness. Goldberg's father was a San Francisco police and fire commissioner, who encouraged the young Reuben to pursue a career in engineering . Rube graduated from the University of California, Berkeley , in 1904 with

2451-467: The popular television program Twenty-One . O'Brian was a supporter of Senator Joseph McCarthy and his series of published attacks on CBS News and WCBS-TV reporter Don Hollenbeck , may have been a major factor in Hollenbeck's eventual suicide, referenced in the 1986 HBO film Murrow and the 2005 motion picture Good Night, and Good Luck . Ford Frick (1894–1978) was a sportswriter for

2508-523: The previous day's announcement by U.S. Surgeon General Luther Terry that "a blue ribbon committee of scientists and doctors," in the words of reporter Jack Pickering, had concluded that cigarette smoking was dangerous. The Journal-American ' s feel of the pulse of the changing times of the mid-1960s hid the trouble that was going on behind the scenes at the paper, which was unknown to many New Yorkers until after it had ceased publication. Besides trouble with advertisers, another major factor that led to

2565-484: The rise of network news in the 1960s donated their clipping files and many darkroom prints of published photographs to libraries. The Hearst Corporation decided to donate the "basic back-copy morgue" of the Journal-American , according to a book about Dorothy Kilgallen, plus darkroom prints and negatives , according to other sources, to the University of Texas at Austin . Office memorandums and letters from politicians and other notables were shredded in 1966, shortly after

2622-416: The same days as her column on different pages, sometimes the front page. Regular Journal-American contributor Jimmy Cannon was one of the highest paid sports columnists in the United States. Society columnist Maury Henry Biddle Paul , who wrote under the pseudonym "Cholly Knickerbocker", became famous and coined the term "Café Society". John F. Kennedy contributed to the newspaper during a brief career as

2679-481: The same hospital and finally meet. Both board games and video games have been inspired by Goldberg's creations, such as the '60s board game Mouse Trap , the 1990s series of The Incredible Machine games, and Crazy Machines . The Humongous Entertainment game Freddi Fish 2: The Case of the Haunted Schoolhouse involves searching for the missing pieces to a Rube Goldberg machine to complete

2736-477: The science entertainment series MythBusters . The 2014 web series Deadbeat on Hulu features an episode titled "The Ghost in the Machine," which features the protagonist Kevin helping the ghost of Rube Goldberg complete a contraption. It will bring his grandchildren together after they make a collection of random items into a machine that ends up systematically injuring two of his grandchildren so they end up in

2793-491: The victim of a general decline in the revenue of afternoon newspapers. While participating in a lock-out in 1965 after The New York Times and New York Daily News had been struck by a union, the Journal-American agreed it would merge (the following year) with its evening rival, the New York World-Telegram and Sun , and the morning New York Herald-Tribune . According to its publisher, publication of

2850-499: The villain Ratigan attempts to kill the film's heroes, Basil of Baker Street and David Q. Dawson, with a Rube Goldberg style device. The classic video in this genre was done by the artist duo Peter Fischli & David Weiss in 1987 with their 30-minute video Der Lauf der Dinge or The Way Things Go. Honda produced a video in 2003 called " The Cog " using many of the same principles that Fischli and Weiss had done in 1987. In 2005,

2907-532: Was The Inventions of Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts, A.K. , which ran in Collier's Weekly from January 26, 1929, to December 26, 1931. In that series, Goldberg drew labeled schematics in the form of patent applications of the comically intricate "inventions" that would later bear his name. The character of Professor Butts was based on Rube's professor Frederick Slate at the College of Mining and Engineering at

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2964-420: Was an American cartoonist, sculptor, author, engineer, and inventor. Goldberg is best known for his popular cartoons depicting complicated gadgets performing simple tasks in indirect, convoluted ways. The cartoons led to the expression " Rube Goldberg machines " to describe similar gadgets and processes. Goldberg received many honors in his lifetime, including a Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 1948,

3021-477: Was in reference to Goldberg's early comic strip Foolish Questions , which he drew from 1909 to 1934, while later use of the terms "Goldbergian", "Rube Goldberg" and "Rube Goldberg machine" refer to the crazy inventions for which he is now best known from his strip The Inventions of Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts , drawn from 1914 to 1964. The corresponding term in the UK was, and still is, " Heath Robinson ", after

3078-488: Was inducted in the Baseball Hall of Fame , as were colleagues Charley Feeney and Sid Mercer . Before becoming a news columnist elsewhere, Jimmy Breslin was a Journal-American sportswriter in the early 1960s. He authored the book Can't Anybody Here Play This Game? chronicling the season of the 1962 New York Mets . Sheilah Graham (1904–1988) was a reporter for the Journal-American before gaining fame as

3135-693: Was syndicated by the McNaught Syndicate from 1922 until 1934. A prolific artist, it has been estimated that Goldberg created 50,000 cartoons during his lifetime. Some of these cartoons include Mike and Ike (They Look Alike) , Boob McNutt , Foolish Questions , What Are You Kicking About , Telephonies , Lala Palooza , The Weekly Meeting of the Tuesday Women's Club , and the uncharacteristically serious soap-opera strip, Doc Wright , which ran for 10 months beginning January 29, 1933. The cartoon series that brought him lasting fame

3192-483: Was the younger brother of newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer . Pulitzer founded the New York Morning Journal in 1882, which he sold to John R. McLean , who soon after transferred the paper to William Randolph Hearst in 1895. He also founded Das Morgen Journal , a German-language version of the Journal , which Hearst also acquired in 1895. Albert was born, like his brother, in Makó , Hungary . He emigrated to

3249-552: Was trying to keep up with the many mid-1960s changes in popular music and its interracial fan bases. It published enlarged photographs of civil rights demonstrations, Dorothy Kilgallen's skepticism about the Warren Commission report as well as many reporters' stories on the increasing crime rate in New York's five boroughs. Most of the front page of the Sunday edition of January 12, 1964 ran stories that were relevant to

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