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29-855: NNN was formed in 1994 by a cross-industry effort to reverse a long-term decline in national advertising in newspapers. Former New York City School Chancellor Cathie Black was instrumental in NNN's inception. After careful study, the leading newspaper companies in America and the Newspaper Association of America financed the creation and launch of NNN. NNN was initially targeted on a highly selective set of advertiser categories, which did virtually no advertising in newspapers. Its scope expanded, and since 1994 NNN has placed over $ 2 billion in newspaper advertising campaigns. NNN's shareholder companies owned most all major market newspapers, including

58-446: A $ 13 billion budget. He served for nearly three years, including during 9/11. The system is the nation's largest, at the time serving 1.1 million students. It currently has more than 1,800 schools. Levy's tenure as chancellor was marked by significant reform and a number of positive results. The first non-educator to serve in the office, he imposed management accountability metrics; overhauled teacher recruitment; in collaboration with

87-686: A former textile merchant in Trier, Germany , owned a hardware store on East 59th Street , and the family lived in the Washington Heights neighborhood. A student leader throughout his education, he graduated from the Bronx High School of Science in 1970. He earned a B.S in 1974 from Cornell University 's School of Industrial & Labor Relations. During his time at Cornell, he resided in the Telluride House . He then earned

116-779: A master's degree in Politics, Philosophy and Economics in 1978 from Oxford University , and J.D. in 1979 from Cornell Law School . During the first period of his career, Levy worked on Wall Street providing legal advice to Citigroup, Inc. and its predecessors, Traveler's Group, Inc. , Salomon, Inc. and Philipp Brothers, Inc. He was the associate general counsel and handled special assignments, including serving as Citigroup's director of global compliance, Salomon Brothers ' senior litigation counsel, and serving as liaison to community groups, including Reverend Jesse Jackson 's Rainbow / Push Wall Street Project . During this time, he also began his advocacy for public education, becoming

145-400: A move opposed by then-mayor Rudy Giuliani . However, Levy's business-like approach eventually engendered a mutual respect with Giuliani and other skeptics, and he was unanimously voted permanent chancellor after five months on the job. The subsequent programs he implemented were characteristically student-centered. He instituted the first K-12 student information reporting system, established

174-605: A one-man lobbyist for the public schools. He served as President of University Settlement , New York's oldest social settlement, located on New York's Lower East Side . He was also chair of the City Bar Association's Committee on Education and pro bono counsel to a number of community organizations. Chancellor Ramon Cortines appointed Levy chair of the New York City Commission on School Facilities and Maintenance Reform. The commission concluded

203-598: A waiver from the Commissioner of Education of the State of New York , who at that time was David M. Steiner , in order to take office. The waiver was issued, and Black took office on January 3, 2011. Individuals who have led the New York City school system include: Harold O. Levy Harold Oscar Levy (December 14, 1952 – November 27, 2018) was an American lawyer and philanthropist who last served as

232-495: Is a private, independent foundation dedicated to advancing the education of exceptionally promising students who have financial need. Founded in 2000 by the estate of the late Jack Kent Cooke , the Cooke Foundation has awarded over $ 152 million in scholarships to nearly 2,200 students from 8th grade through graduate school, and over $ 90 million in grants to organizations that serve such students. The foundation's endowment

261-578: The New York Times , Los Angeles Times , and Washington Post . NNN's is focused on 16 vertical categories of advertising where newspapers receive less than 10% of total media spending. In 2003, the NNN shareholder partners collectively reaffirmed their support of NNN by adopting a new mission and operating principles. NNN ceased operations on June 30, 2016. At the time, it had a reported $ 1 million in losses. New York City School Chancellor The New York City Schools Chancellor (formally

290-783: The Vermont Department of Education and superintendent of the Teaneck Public Schools , where he oversaw the implementation of a voluntary school integration program. Citing what he called a "confidence gap" with the Board of Education, Scribner announced in December 1972 that he would leave his post as Chancellor when his three-year contract ended on June 30, 1973. Before going on a terminal vacation starting on April 1, 1973, Chancellor Scribner named Anker, then Deputy Chancellor, to serve as Acting Chancellor. Anker

319-761: The " Chancellor of the New York City Department of Education ") is the head of the New York City Department of Education . The Chancellor is appointed by the Mayor , and serves at the Mayor's pleasure. The Chancellor is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the department as well as responsible of all New York City Public Schools. The Chancellor is also a member of the New York City Panel for Educational Policy (formerly

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348-549: The Bloomberg administration. Joel Klein was named as Chancellor in July 2002 by Mayor Michael Bloomberg , the first to be named in the reorganized system in which the Mayor of New York was given direct control of the Board of Education. In November 2010, Cathie Black was named as the first female chancellor by Mayor Michael Bloomberg . Because of her lack of educational experience and administrative licensing, Black required

377-567: The New York City Board of Education). The current Chancellor is Melissa Aviles-Ramos . While searching for a permanent Superintendent of Schools in 1970 for Nathan Brown , the Board of Education named Irving Anker to serve as Acting Superintendent until the position was filled. The Board had approached, and been turned down by, such notables as Ralph Bunche , Ramsey Clark , Arthur J. Goldberg and Sargent Shriver , before choosing Harvey B. Scribner , who had been Commissioner of

406-474: The UFT, the teachers' union, he ended the practice of hiring teachers on "emergency credentials"; and he started the much-emulated Teaching Fellows program. Although he is well known for being plain-spoken and blunt, he largely tried to avoid politics and controversial issues when possible in favor of his practical, data-driven reforms. The New York City Board of Education voted 4 to 3 to make Levy interim chancellor,

435-627: The Urban Future Lab at New York University . They have two children, Hannah and Noah. Hannah is a sculptor in New York City who graduated from Cornell and the Staedelschule fine arts academy, having held a German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) fellowship, in Frankfurt, Germany . In April 2018, Levy announced that he had Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in an Op-Ed arguing for educational reforms for college admissions, including

464-771: The creation of the Coalition of Leaders for Advanced Student Success ( CLASS ), which works to ensure that the nation's brightest students, regardless of income, have the skills and knowledge to succeed in school and the workforce. A second conference was held in February 2016. The Cooke Foundation now awards an annual $ 1 million Cooke Prize for Equity in Educational Excellence, recognizing a college that has made strides in enrolling low-income students and supporting them to successful graduation. In 1986, Levy married Patricia Sapinsley, an architect who now works in

493-567: The executive director of the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation . Having previously held leadership roles as a corporate attorney, venture capital investor and as a manager in the financial services industry, Levy is best known for having served as Chancellor of the New York City public schools, the largest school system in the U.S., from 2000 to 2002. Levy's parents were Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany . His father,

522-417: The first new selective public high schools in over 60 years, and created programs offering students college-level instruction. He also ran what remains the country's largest summer school with over 300,000 students, which was subsequently recognized to have been among the most cost-effective interventions for low performing students. Reading and math scores rose considerably during his time in office, including

551-728: The largest-ever one-year gain in math scores. Levy left the office of chancellor in August 2002 after overseeing a friendly transition to his successor, Joel Klein. Following his departure from the chancellor's office, Levy continued to promote innovation in education. He became a member of the senior management team of Kaplan, Inc. , at a time that it was owned by The Washington Post, and subsequently joined its Higher Education Division, which included over 70 for-profit campuses and an online university with over 60,000 students. He founded Kaplan University's online School of Education, which focused on training special education and math teachers. Levy

580-538: The media to discuss unjustified barriers that keep many academically qualified low-income students out of top colleges and universities. He has met with policymakers, business leaders and educators. The first-ever national convening of the principals of selective public high schools was organized by Levy in 2015 on the topic "Closing the Excellence Gap: Nurturing Talent of High-Achieving, Low-Income High School Students." The conference led to

609-480: The research have also increased since Levy became executive director in 2014. In addition, he started a new scholarship that enables Cooke Scholars to pursue graduate degrees at Oxford and Cambridge universities. Leading Cooke Foundation efforts to bring about equal opportunity in college admissions for outstanding low-income students across the United States, Levy traveled around the nation and appeared in

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638-563: The schools needed billions in new investment, drawing Levy further into the struggle to improve education in New York City. The commission's lobbying led to a massive infusion of funds to rehabilitate the city school buildings, as a result of which the school system ended its reliance on coal-fired boilers. The New York State Legislature subsequently elected Levy to be a member of the New York State Board of Regents . Levy became New York City School Chancellor in 2000, managing

667-437: Was a member of College Promise Campaign National Advisory Board, whose mission includes "advocating for free community college, as well as degree and certificate completion for responsible students." In August 2014, the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation announced that Levy had been named executive director effective September 1. Levy lead the foundation's efforts to support high-performing, low-income students. The Cooke Foundation

696-557: Was a member of the board of Hesser College and Kaplan University . He was also a trustee of Pace University . In 2010, U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan appointed Levy to the Committee on Measures of Student Success. Levy currently serves on several corporate and philanthropic boards, including Cambium Learning Group, MetSchools, and the American College of Greece. Mr. Levy received numerous awards and honors,

725-483: Was an adjunct professor at Columbia University , and is the author of numerous articles and editorials. Later, Levy was a managing director and education practice head for Palm Ventures, LLC, from 2010 to 2014. The firm invests in businesses with a transformative social impact, including for-profit schools such as Cogswell Polytechnical College and Nightingale College , and education technology businesses such as Producteev, LateNiteLabs, and FIRE Solutions. Then, he

754-531: Was named as Chancellor in April 1983, the city's first Hispanic Chancellor. Alvarado resigned as School Chancellor in May 1984 in the wake of professional misconduct charges, including allegations that he had borrowed $ 80,000 from employees in coercive fashion. Nathan Quinones was selected as Chancellor, having served in the position on an interim basis after Alvarado placed himself on leave two months earlier. Quinones

783-414: Was pressured to resign in 1987, in the face of criticism for his management of the district and its finances, with mayoral candidate Carol Bellamy saying that he "consistently failed to provide the leadership or sound management we need". Harold O. Levy was the last Chancellor to be selected directly by the Board of Education, serving during the final years of Mayor Rudy Giuliani and the early part of

812-729: Was then named permanent Chancellor in June 1973. After taking office in January 1978 as Mayor of New York, Ed Koch forced out Anker as Chancellor in favor of Frank Macchiarola , a key Koch advisor who had been a vice president of the CUNY Graduate Center and deputy director of the New York State Emergency Financial Control Board for New York City; Anker would serve until his contract ended on June 30, 1978. Anthony J. Alvarado

841-466: Was worth $ 641 million as of July 2016. Under Levy's leadership, the Cooke Foundation dramatically increased the number of talented low-income students applying for Cooke Scholarships and has drawn national attention to the achievements of Cooke Scholars , who have defied stereotypes by graduating from top colleges and universities at the same rate as more affluent students. The Cooke Foundation's groundbreaking education research and media coverage for

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