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29-551: These categories are based on the international Harmonized System , the global system of nomenclature that is used to describe most world trade in goods, maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO). Virtually all countries base their tariff schedules on the WCO's Harmonized System. The codes and the descriptions of goods established on the basis of the combined nomenclature shall replace those established on

58-416: A Committee on Tariff and Statistical Nomenclature, called the 'Nomenclature Committee'. 'Favourable tariff arrangement' means any reduction or suspension, even under a tariff quota, of a customs duty or charge having equivalent effect or of an agricultural levy or other import charge provided for under the common agricultural policy or under the specific arrangements applicable to certain goods resulting form

87-588: A kind used for motor vehicles . In many jurisdictions, traders alone bear the legal responsibility to accurately classify their goods. However, due to a lack of familiarity with the rules of HS classification traders may inadvertently determine erroneous HS codes for their commodities. Depending on the severity of the infraction, incorrect classification can result in the imposition of non-compliance penalties, border delays or seizures, or denial of import privileges. There are multiple resources available to traders to assist in properly classifying their goods including

116-613: A product classified according its material composition is a picture frame . Picture frames made of tropical wood are classified under heading 44.14 ( Wooden frames for paintings, photographs, mirrors or similar objects ) , more specifically under subheading 4414.10 ( Of tropical wood ). Picture frames made of plastic are classified under heading 39.24 ( Tableware, kitchenware, other household articles and hygienic or toilet articles, of plastics ) , more specifically under subheading 3924.90 ( Other ). Picture frames made of glass are classified under heading 7020.00 ( Other articles of glass ) ,

145-507: A product classified according to its form would be whole potatoes . The classification will also change depending on whether the potatoes are fresh or frozen . Fresh potatoes are classified, under heading 07.01 ( Potatoes, fresh or chilled ), more specifically under subheading 0701.90 ( Other ), while frozen potatoes are classified, under heading 07.10 ( Vegetables (uncooked or cooked by steaming or boiling in water), frozen ), more specifically under subheading 0710.10 ( Potatoes ). An example of

174-607: Is a live dog , which must be classified under heading 01.06, which provides for Other live animals because dogs are not covered by headings 01.01 through 01.05, which explicitly provide for live equine , live bovine , live swine , live sheep and goats , and live poultry , respectively. As of 2022, there were more than 200 countries or economies applying the Harmonized System worldwide, HS codes are used by Customs authorities, statistical agencies, and other government regulatory bodies, to monitor and control

203-571: Is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products. It came into effect in 1988 and has since been developed and maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO) (formerly the Customs Co-operation Council), an independent intergovernmental organization based in Brussels , Belgium . It is used by over 200 WCO member countries and economies as a basis for their Customs tariffs and for

232-519: Is classifiable in the HS, very few are explicitly described in the HS Nomenclature. Any product for which there is no explicit description can be classified under a "residual" or "basket" heading or subheading, which provide for Other goods. Residual codes normally occur last in numerical order under their related headings and subheadings. An example of a product classified under a residual heading

261-496: Is in the liquid, is classified under either subheading 3401.20 ( Soap in other forms ), or subheading 3401.30 ( Organic surface-active products and preparations for washing the skin, in the form of liquid or cream and put up for retail sale, whether or not containing soap ). An example of a product classified according to its function is a carbon monoxide (CO) detector . If the CO detector captures and displays gas measurements, then it

290-503: Is properly classified under subheading 9027.10 ( Gas or smoke analysis apparatus ), under heading 90.27 ( Instruments and apparatus for physical or chemical analysis (for example, polarimeters, refractometers, spectrometers, gas or smoke analysis apparatus; instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, expansion, surface tension or the like; instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking quantities of heat, sound or light (including exposure meters); microtomes . If

319-675: The '.00’ at the end indicates the heading is not further subdivided. An example of a product classified according to its form is personal hygiene soap . When in the form of a bar, cake or moulded shape, such soap is classified under heading 34.01 ( Soap , among others), then under 1-dash subheading 3401.1 ( Soap and organic surface-active products and preparations, in the form of bars, cakes, moulded pieces or shapes, and paper, wadding, felt and nonwovens, impregnated, coated or covered with soap or detergent ) , and under 2-dash subheading 3401.11 ( For toilet use (including medicated products) ). Conversely, liquid personal hygiene soap, depending on what

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348-890: The 8-digit "tariff code" level. Statistical suffixes are often added to the 8-digit tariff code for a total of 10 digits. If the number of digits are more than 6, additional digits are called as the national subdivision. Chapter 77 is reserved for future use by the HS. Chapters 98 and 99 are reserved for domestic use for the Contracting Parties to the HS Convention. Since its creation, the HS has undergone several revisions to reflect changes in trade. These revisions eliminate some headings and subheadings describing commodities with low volume of trade and create new headings and subheadings that address new needs, for example, to reflect technological advancements or monitor goods posing environmental concerns. The current edition of

377-412: The CO detector does not capture and display gas measurements, then it is properly classified under subheading 8531.10 ( Burglar or fire alarms and similar apparatus ), under heading 85.31 ( Electric sound or visual signaling apparatus (for example, bells, sirens, indicator panels, burglar or fire alarms), other than those of heading 85.12 or 85.30 ) . Although every product and every part of every product

406-480: The Chapter. The last two digits designate the position of the subheading in the heading. HS code 1006.30, for example, indicates Chapter 10 ( Cereals ), heading 10.06 ( Rice ), and subheading 1006.30 ( Semi-milled or wholly milled rice, whether or not polished or glazed ). In addition to the HS codes and commodity descriptions, each Section and Chapter of the HS is prefaced by Legal Notes, which are designed to clarify

435-539: The European Union (OJEU) and applies from 1 January in the following year. CN code 2710 goods exported out of Russia were the subject of an embargo price cap starting on 4 February 2023 as a result of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . Harmonized System The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System , also known as the Harmonized System ( HS ) of tariff nomenclature

464-531: The HS became effective on 1 January 2022. The process of assigning HS codes is known as "HS Classification". All products can be classified in the HS by using the General Rules for the Interpretation of the Harmonized System ("GRI") that must be applied in strict order. HS codes can be determined by a variety of factors including a product's composition, its form and its function. An example of

493-537: The HS). The 96 HS Chapters are further subdivided into 1,228 headings and 5,612 subheadings in the current 2022 edition of the HS. Section and Chapter titles describe broad categories of goods, while headings and subheadings describe products in more detail. Generally, HS Sections and Chapters are arranged in order of a product's degree of manufacture or in terms of its technological complexity. Natural commodities, such as live animals and vegetables, for example, are described in

522-658: The basis of the nomenclatures of the Common Customs Tariff and the Nimexe. It is established on the basis of the Harmonized System . The combined nomenclature shall comprise : (a) the harmonized system nomenclature; (b) Community subdivisions to that nomenclature, referred to as 'CN subheadings' in those cases where a corresponding rate of duty is specified; (c) preliminary provisions, additional section or chapter notes and footnotes relating to CN subheadings. Each CN subheading has an eight digit code number: (a)

551-445: The collection of international trade statistics as well as many other purposes. The HS is organized logically by economic activity or component material. For example, animals and animal products are found in one section of the HS, while machinery and mechanical appliances are found in another. The HS is organized into 21 Sections, which are subdivided into 96 Chapters (Chapters 1 to 97 with Chapter 77 reserved for potential future use by

580-421: The countries they are issued in and give certainty to the trader. Provided the information supplied in the request was truthful and valid, they may also provide legal protection to the trader following the ruling if there are future questions on the classification of the goods. Party (law) A party is an individual or group of individuals that compose a single entity which can be identified as one for

609-655: The early Sections of the HS, whereas more evolved goods such as machinery and precision instruments are described in later Sections. Chapters within the individual Sections are also usually organized in order of complexity or degree of manufacture. For example, within Section X ( Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material; Recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard; Paper and paperboard and articles thereof ), Chapter 47 provides for pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic materials , whereas Chapter 49 covers printed books, newspapers, and other printed matter . Finally,

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638-519: The first six digits shall be the code numbers relating to the headings and subheadings of the harmonized system nomenclature; (b) the seventh and eighth digits shall identify the CN subheadings. The European Commission established an integrated tariff of the European Communities, referred to as the ' TARIC code ', based on the combined nomenclature. The combined nomenclature, together with

667-454: The following. Global National or Regional Traders may sometimes resort to using HS code determination guides and other references to classify their traded commodities. These could include local databases published by authorities in other countries. However, such databases are not valid globally. Many Customs authorities around the world allow traders to apply for an advanced HS classification ruling. Such rulings are legally binding in

696-406: The headings within individual Chapters follow a similar order. For example, the first heading in Chapter 50 ( Silk ) provides for silk worm cocoons while articles made of silk are covered by the Chapter's later headings. The HS code consists of 6-digits. The first two digits designate the Chapter wherein headings and subheadings appear. The second two digits designate the position of the heading in

725-711: The import and export of commodities through: Companies use HS codes to calculate the total landed cost of imported products and parts, and to identify selling and sourcing opportunities abroad. HS classification is not always straightforward. Many automotive parts, for example, are not classified under heading 87.08, which provides for Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles of headings 87.01 to 87.05 . For example, automotive seats are classified as articles of furniture under heading 94.01, which provides for Seats (other than those of heading 94.02), whether or not convertible into beds, and parts thereof , and more specifically under subheading 9401.20, which provides for Seats of

754-553: The processing of agricultural products. The Commission adopts an Implementing Regulation each year which reissues a complete version of the CN, together with the corresponding autonomous and conventional rates of duty of the Common Customs Tariff , as it results from measures adopted by the council or by the commission. This Regulation is to be published no later than 31 October in the Official Journal of

783-680: The proper classification of goods. To ensure harmonization, the Contracting Parties to the Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, have agreed to base their national tariff schedules on the HS Nomenclature and Legal Notes. Parties are permitted to subdivide the HS Nomenclature beyond 6-digits and add their own Legal Notes according to their own tariff and statistical requirements. Parties often set their customs duties at

812-406: The purposes of the law . Parties include:· A person who only appears in the case as a witness is not considered a party. Courts use various terms to identify the role of a particular party in civil litigation , usually identifying the party that brings a lawsuit as the plaintiff , or, in older American cases, the party of the first part ; and the party against whom the case was brought as

841-714: The rates of duty and other relevant charges, and the tariff measures included in the Taric or in other Community arrangements shall constitute the common customs tariff referred to in Article 9 of the Treaty, which shall be applied on the importation of goods into the Community Member States may insert subdivisions after the CN subheadings for national statistical purposes, and after the Taric subheadings for other national purposes. The Commission shall be assisted by

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