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51-631: Salina Regional Airport ( IATA : SLN , ICAO : KSLN , FAA LID : SLN ), formerly Salina Municipal Airport , is located in Salina, Kansas , United States. The airport is owned by the Salina Airport Authority. It is used for general aviation , and has service by one passenger airline, SkyWest Airlines (operating as United Express ), which is subsidized by the Essential Air Service program. Salina Regional Airport

102-581: A break, earning Salina the moniker "America's Fuel Stop." Avflight Salina is responsible for all fueling and ground handling of transient and military aircraft. The airport hosts a variety of Forward Operating Location (FOL) activity and has been the operating site for many missions by NASA , NOAA , Wings of Freedom, the Commemorative Air Force and Virgin Atlantic Global. A report from the 40th Bombardment Wing in 1953 described

153-607: A degreaser used to clean aircraft and a carcinogen, as well as other compounds disposed of on the former base, have migrated into the soil and groundwater, forming a toxic plume. In 1999, the US Army Corps of Engineers published its first remedial investigation. In 2005 the Corps shared the draft of a second remedial investigation of the contamination in the Salina Airport Industrial Area. Residents in

204-493: A few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

255-619: A memorial, seating area, plaques with the story of the Global Flyer and Steve Fossett, and a viewing area to observe operations. Salina received its first scheduled airline service in the early 1930s by United States Airways, which flew a Metal Aircraft Flamingo on an airmail route between Denver and Kansas City, stopping at Goodland, Salina, and Topeka, Kansas. This route was discontinued about 1933 and airline service did not return to Salina until 1949. Continental Airlines then began stopping at Salina with Douglas DC-3s in 1949, also on

306-567: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

357-463: A route between Denver and Kansas City, making as many as ten stops at smaller cities throughout Colorado and Kansas. Continental's service continued until 1961. Central Airlines replaced Continental in 1961, also using DC-3s, but later upgrading with Convair 240 and Convair 600 aircraft. In 1967 Central merged into Frontier Airlines which used Convair 580s , and in early 1978 introduced Boeing 737 jets to Salina on flights to Denver and Chicago,

408-1243: A stop in Manhattan, Kansas , using Embraer 120 Brasilia 's. 1991-2008 as USAir Express to Kansas City using Beechcraft 1900 aircraft. All Air Midwest service ended in mid-2008. Capitol Air Service provided a single daily flight to Kansas City with stops in Manhattan and Topeka, Kansas from 1982 through 1988. The carrier used a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and operated as Braniff Express during its final two years. Great Lakes Airlines first served Salina briefly in 2000-2001, operating as United Express with flights to Hays and Denver, using Beechcraft 1900Ds . The carrier returned in 2008, replacing Air Midwest's service to Kansas City until 2010. SeaPort Airlines came to Salina in 2010, replacing Great Lakes with flights to Kansas City. SeaPort first flew Pilatus PC-12 aircraft then later flew Cessna 208 Caravans . Service ended in 2016. Great Lakes returned once again in 2016, replacing SeaPort, but operating flights to Denver using Embraer 120 Brasilias. Great Lakes went out of business in 2018. SkyWest Airlines ,

459-528: Is 12,301 by 150 feet (3,749 x 46 m); 12/30 is 6,510 by 100 feet (1,984 x 30 m); 18/36 is 4,301 by 75 feet (1,311 x 23 m); 4/22 is 3,648 by 75 feet (1,112 x 23 m). In the year ending March 31, 2023, the airport had 70,884 aircraft operations, average 194 per day. Having a long runway and being 85 miles southeast from the continental center of the United States, the airport sees many corporate and private jets that stop to refuel and allow passengers to have

510-509: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

561-523: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

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612-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

663-543: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

714-515: Is the home of K-State Salina and its Department of Aviation, which offers Professional Pilot degrees along with several other degrees in the field of aviation. The airport is on the site of the former Schilling Air Force Base (previously Smoky Hill Air Force Base and Smoky Hill Army Airfield). The construction of military airfields after the Pearl Harbor Attack that caused the entry of the United States into World War II resulted in

765-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

816-571: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

867-501: The II Bomber Command , Second Air Force . Enough construction was completed that the 376th moved into facilities on September 10. The first aircraft to arrive, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses , arrived later that month and were assigned to the 346th Bombardment Group . The mission of Smoky Hill AAF was that of a Second Phase Heavy Bomber Operational Training Unit (OTU). In the second phase of training, combat groups formed in

918-481: The list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and the use of two letters allowed only

969-536: The Denver flights were soon discontinued. In 1986 Air Midwest began a series of code share relationships with major carriers operating feeder flights on behalf of a major carrier: 1986-1988 as Eastern Express to Kansas City using the Metroliners as well as Saab 340 aircraft. 1988-1989 as Braniff Express to Kansas City using Metroliners. 1990-1991 as Trans World Express (on behalf of TWA ) to St. Louis with

1020-523: The IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn , is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as

1071-465: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . Metal Aircraft Flamingo The Metal Aircraft Flamingo

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1122-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

1173-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

1224-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

1275-476: The area of the plume were advised not to drink the water, per the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. Soilwater intrusion assays in 1999 by EPA and again in 2005 showed vapor levels inside Kansas State University's Tullis building did not exceed state standards for air quality, but they may exceed federal EPA guidelines. As of 2005, the federal government had spent more than $ 17 million studying

1326-491: The base was being considered for a shutdown. In November, Defense Secretary Robert McNamara announced that Schilling AFB, along with 94 other military installations, would be closing. The shutdown began in 1965 and was completed in 1967. The airport was the takeoff and landing point for the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer , flown by Steve Fossett in the first nonstop, non-refueled solo circumnavigation of

1377-548: The cleanup process. As of September 2015 studies have continued to find groundwater contamination in soil and bedrock, and no concentrations of vapor requiring immediate action were found in an area around Salina Regional Airport. IATA airport code The assignment of these codes is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in

1428-502: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

1479-591: The construction of the Smoky Hill Army Airfield ( AAF ) on 2,600 acres (1,052 ha), southwest of Salina, Kansas . The first unit associated with the airfield was the 376th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron, whose engineers first laid out the base in April 1942. Construction began in May 1942 with the aid of nearly 7,000 workers. The airfield was activated on September 1, 1942, and was assigned to

1530-660: The current provider operating as United Express, began service in 2018 using Bombardier CRJ100/200 regional jets. Initially, one daily nonstop to Chicago and two daily flights to Denver with a stop in Hays, KS were provided; however, service was trimmed back in 2020 to one daily nonstop to each city. The airport is served under the Essential Air Service program where an individual carrier is selected and receives government funding to provide service to smaller communities. The airport covers 2,862 acres (1,158 ha ) at an elevation of 1,288 feet (393 m). It has four asphalt runways: 17/35

1581-486: The discovery of Angel Falls by Jimmy Angel in 1935. Although well known to the local indigenous population, the falls had been glimpsed only by European explorers until Jimmy Angel crash-landed while attempting to land above the falls on Auyán-tepui during gold exploration. The Metal Aircraft Corporation Flamingo that crashed above the falls was recovered by helicopter in the 1960s by the Venezuelan government and

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1632-472: The earth from February 28 to March 3, 2005. In 2006, Fossett embarked on another such flight in the GlobalFlyer, again departing and arriving Salina, from March 14 to 17, 2006. This time he broke the world record for distance over a closed circuit without landing , which he had set a month prior . Salina Regional Airport has memorialized the records set by Steve Fossett with Fossett Plaza. The plaza has

1683-934: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

1734-438: The first phase focused on the teamwork of the full combat crew, such as bombing, gunnery, and instrument flight missions. Upon completion, the groups moved on to the third phase, the final level of training before overseas deployment to the combat theaters. In April 1943, the 49th Aviation Squadron arrived at Smoky Hill; the all-African American unit included mechanics, electricians, and aircraft handlers but no pilots. The 366th

1785-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

1836-478: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

1887-597: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

1938-760: The formation of the Air Force , the airfield was renamed Smoky Hill Air Force Base. As postwar budgets declined, the base was eventually closed and turned over to the Air Materiel Command late in 1949. As the Air Force's needs grew during the Korean War , the base was reactivated on August 1, 1951. The base hosted the 310th and 40th Bombardment Wings. On March 16, 1957, the base was renamed Schilling Air Force Base, in honor of Colonel David C. Schilling . Throughout 1964, rumors circulated that

1989-487: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

2040-682: The latter making three stops en route. The Chicago flights were later replaced with service to Kansas City, and Frontier was soon flying all 737 jets through Salina up to four times per day. All Frontier service ended on January 6, 1983. Air Midwest first began service to Salina as an air taxi in the late 1960s, with flights to Wichita using Cessna 402s . The carrier suspended service for a few years, then returned from 1972 through 1976 with flights to both Kansas City and Wichita using Beechcraft 99s . Air Midwest returned again in 1983 to replace Frontier's service with flights to Denver, Kansas City, and Wichita, using Fairchild Swearingen Metroliners ; however,

2091-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

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2142-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

2193-525: The problem in its jurisdiction. In December 2007 the Corps groundwater contamination cleanup was put on hold. In August 2008, the city of Salina offered to clean-up former Schilling AFB, as suggested by the Corps. In 2010, after the plume had reached residential areas near the former base, Salina officials, the Salina Airport Authority, the Salina school district and Kansas State University – Salina (now Kansas State University Polytechnic Campus ), who own 96% of

2244-618: The problem. "One of the foremost and the first problems encountered was an excessive amount of solvent being required to properly wash and clean aircraft," the report said. "Some method of reducing the amount of solvent used was needed. This problem was met by installing a system of settling tanks ... Approximately 12,000 to 14,000 gallons of solvent are used per month." In 1989 the Salina School District unearthed three of 107 underground fuel storage tanks on its vo-tech property. It first became known that Trichlorethylene (TCE),

2295-597: The property filed a federal lawsuit in Kansas City, Kansas , for the clean up costs. In spring of 2013 the Department of Justice signed a settlement that the government would pay $ 8.4 million merely toward developing the plan to clean up the former base. A remedial investigation, feasibility study and cleanup remedy were estimated to cost about $ 9.3 million, of which the Salina public entities agreed to pay $ 936,300. The Kansas Department of Health and Environment oversees

2346-506: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

2397-500: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

2448-515: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

2499-617: Was a monoplane produced in Cincinnati , Ohio by the Metal Aircraft Corporation in the 1930s. The Metal Aircraft Corporation purchased the design from the Halpin Development Co. and unveiled it at the 1929 National Air Races with Elinor Smith . Following an accident at Bowman Field in May 1928, the prototype Flamingo was redesigned with a different nose, windscreen, and tail. The interior

2550-481: Was insulated with Balsam-Wool Blanket. The Flamingo was first flown from Lunken Airport on 8 April 1928 by Thomas E. Halpin. At one point, the aircraft carried an African-American porter in a red suit named Benny Smith. Following a teaser, marketing for the new airplane began in March 1929 and dealers were being solicited by the following month. One G-2-W, named El Rio Caroní , is best remembered for its role in

2601-654: Was joined by the 400th Bombardment Group in the training mission at Smoky Hill AAF on July 31, 1943. The 366th concentrated on B-17 Flying Fortress training; the 400th on B-24 Liberator training. On March 21, 1946, as the USAAF underwent significant restructuring, the airfield was transferred to the Fifteenth Air Force , then part of the Strategic Air Command . Then in January 1948, following

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