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34-590: The Smooth Fox Terrier's development as a breed is largely undocumented, but the dog has been known as a distinct breed in England since at least the 18th century; the first documented evidence of the Smooth Fox Terrier came in 1790, when a Colonel Thornton painted a portrait of his dog, Pitch. The Smooth Fox Terrier entered the show ring during the mid-19th century, making it one of the earliest entrants in such events. The American Kennel Club recognized

68-544: A consistent style within. The skulls are generally with a backward tilt, and there appears to be no discernible pattern concerning the age or gender of the individuals when selecting the skulls for plastering. One skull was accidentally unearthed in the 1930s by the archaeologist John Garstang at Jericho in Palestine. A number of plastered skulls from Jericho were discovered by the British archaeologist Kathleen Kenyon in

102-565: A person looking directly at the painter or photographer, to most successfully engage the subject with the viewer, but portrait can be represented as a profile (from aside) and 3/4. Plastered human skulls were reconstructed human skulls that were made in the ancient Levant between 9000 and 6000 BC in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period. They represent some of the oldest forms of art in the Middle East and demonstrate that

136-409: A portrait can be represented as half body and even full body. If the subject in full body better represents personality and mood, this type of presentation may be chosen. The intent is to display the likeness, personality , and even the mood of the person. For this reason, in photography a portrait is generally not a snapshot , but a composed image of a person in a still position. A portrait often shows

170-428: A young age. Without appropriate early exposure, however, loud barking may ensue. Some known health problems are deafness , luxating patellas and a variety of eye disorders such as lens luxation , distichiasis , and cataracts . Skeletal problems that can occur include Legge-Perthes disease and shoulder dislocations. Myasthenia gravis and idiopathic epilepsy have also been reported, as well as goiter . Ataxia

204-532: Is a hereditary condition in the breed. A mutation in the KCNJ10 gene, which has been identified in the Jack Russell Terrier and Parson Russell Terrier as the cause of one type of ataxia, has also been identified in this breed. Portrait A portrait is a painting , photograph , sculpture , or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face is always predominant. In arts,

238-484: Is a discreet assembly of facts, anecdotes, and author's insights. Plutarch 's Parallel Lives , written in the 2nd century AD, offer a prime example of historical literary portraits, as a source of information about the individuals and their times. Painted portraits can also play a role in literature. These can be fictional portraits, such as that of Dorian Gray in the eponymous 1891 novel by Oscar Wilde . But sometimes also real portraits feature in literature. An example

272-471: Is no other evidence as to the ruler's appearance the degree of idealization can be hard to assess. Nonetheless, many subjects, such as Akhenaten and some other Egyptian pharaohs , can be recognised by their distinctive features. The 28 surviving rather small statues of Gudea , ruler of Lagash in Sumer between c.  2144 –2124 BC, show a consistent appearance with some individuality, although it

306-514: Is particular emphasis on the representation of the details of headdresses, hairstyles, body adornment and face painting. One of the best-known portraits in the Western world is Leonardo da Vinci 's painting titled Mona Lisa , which is a painting of Lisa del Giocondo . What has been claimed as the world's oldest known portrait was found in 2006 in the Vilhonneur grotto near Angoulême and

340-861: Is probably directly descended from the Rough Black and Tan Terrier of Wales, the Smooth Fox Terrier is thought to count the Smooth Black and Tan Terrier as its primary ancestor, with traces of Beagle and Bull Terrier thrown in as well. However, the two breeds were considered to be varieties of one breed and were occasionally interbred until the mid-1980s when the AKC changed them from varieties to separate breeds. All modern Smooth Fox Terriers trace back to wires many times, from Eng. Ch Watteau Chorister, through Eng. Ch. Lethal Weapon, Eng. Ch. Corrector of Notts and Eng. Ch. Cromwell Ochre's Legacy back to Dusky D'Orsay. Bred by Mr. Francis Redmond, Dusky D'Orsay's sire

374-474: Is sometimes disputed that these count as portraits. Some of the earliest surviving painted portraits of people who were not rulers are the Greco-Roman funeral portraits that survived in the dry climate of Egypt's Faiyum district. These are almost the only paintings from the classical world that have survived, apart from frescos , though many sculptures and portraits on coins have fared better. Although

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408-505: Is the portraying of presidents of the United States , a tradition that has existed since the country's founding. Portrait photography is a popular commercial industry all over the world. Many people enjoy having professionally made family portraits to hang in their homes, or special portraits to commemorate certain events, such as graduations or weddings. Since the dawn of photography, people have made portraits. The popularity of

442-515: Is the portrait of Richard III that plays a role in Josephine Tey 's 1951 novel The Daughter of Time . Plastered human skulls Plastered human skulls are human skulls covered in layers of plaster and typically found in the ancient Levant , most notably around the modern Palestinian city of Jericho , between 8,000 and 6,000 BC (approximately 9000 years ago), in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period. They represent some of

476-514: Is thought to be 27,000 years old. When the artist creates a portrait of himself or herself, it is called a “self-portrait.” Identifiable examples become numerous in the late Middle Ages. But if the definition is extended, the first was by the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten 's sculptor Bak, who carved a representation of himself and his wife Taheri c.  1365 BC . However, it seems likely that self-portraits go back to

510-505: The cave paintings , the earliest representational art, and literature records several classical examples that are now lost. Official portraits are photographs of important personalities, such as kings, politicians, or business executives. The portrait is usually decorated with official colors and symbols such as a flag , presidential stripes, or a coat of arms , belonging to a country, state, or municipality. The image may be used during events or meetings, or on products. A well-known example

544-430: The daguerreotype in the middle of the 19th century was due in large part to the demand for inexpensive portraiture. Studios sprang up in cities around the world, some cranking out more than 500 plates a day. The style of these early works reflected the technical challenges associated with 30-second exposure times and the painterly aesthetic of the time. Subjects were generally seated against plain backgrounds and lit with

578-1088: The 1950s and can now be found in the collections of the British Museum , the Ashmolean Museum , the Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology , the Royal Ontario Museum , the Nicholson Museum in Sydney , and the Jordan Archaeological Museum . Other sites where plastered skulls were excavated include Ain Ghazal near Amman , Jordan and Tell Ramad in Syria. Most of the plastered skulls were from adult males, but some belonged to women and children. The plastered skulls represent some of

612-542: The Fox Terrier in 1885; one hundred years later, the Smooth Fox Terrier was recognized as being a distinct breed from the Wire Fox Terrier. Conventional wisdom long held that the Smooth Fox Terrier and Wire Fox Terrier are variations of the same breed; in recent years, however, an increasing number of experts have stated the opinion that the two breeds are not related at all. Whereas the Wire Fox Terrier

646-546: The appearance of the figures differs considerably, they are considerably idealized, and all show relatively young people, making it uncertain whether they were painted from life. The art of the portrait flourished in Ancient Greek and especially Roman sculpture , where sitters demanded individualized and realistic portraits, even unflattering ones. During the 4th century, the portrait began to retreat in favor of an idealized symbol of what that person looked like. (Compare

680-572: The dreamy expression of the eyes are particularly impressive. The author mentions the locations of some of the discoveries: Jericho; Beisamoun, Kfar HaHoresh, and Yiftahel; Tell Ramad and Tell Awad in Syria, and Kösk Höyük in Turkey. A written reference known to history is in the Tale of Aqhat . "A mortal, what does he get in the end? What does a mortal finally get? Glaze poured on his head, lime on top of his skull." The "oldest portrait in

714-612: The earliest forms of burial practices in the southern Levant. During the Neolithic period, the deceased were often buried under the floors of their homes. In other words, a plaster skull sometimes went under a plaster floor. Sometimes the skull was removed and its cavities filled with plaster and painted. In order to create more lifelike faces, shells were inset for eyes and paint was used to represent facial features, hair, and moustaches. Some scholars believe that this burial practice represents an early form of ancestor worship , where

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748-452: The field.Some photographers took the technique to other countries. Augustus Washington moved to Monrovia, Liberia from Hartford, Connecticut and created daguerreotype portraits for many political leaders for the country. In politics , portraits of the leader are often used as a symbol of the state . In most countries, it is common protocol for a portrait of the head of state to appear in important government buildings. In literature

782-480: The larger dogs and men on horses. Smooth Fox Terriers with white coats were less likely to be mistaken for the fox in close combat situations, and were therefore more highly prized. The Smooth Fox Terrier is a highly energetic dog, and thus not recommended for first time dog owners. As the breed was originally bred to go after small animals, they also have a high prey instinct, they are very friendly dogs and do not mind strangers if introduced and exposed to people from

816-411: The media coverage of his murders, and the subsequent police investigation of his crimes. However, in literature a portrait of a character is a subtle combination of fact and fiction, exploring the individual psychology of the character in the wider context of their environment. When the subject of the narrative is a historical figure, then the writer is free to create a compelling and dramatic portrait of

850-464: The oldest forms of art in the Middle East and demonstrate that the prehistoric population took great care in burying their ancestors below their homes. The skulls denote some of the earliest sculptural examples of portraiture in the history of art . The process typically included the removal of the jawbone. Signs of wear suggest they were handled over time. These skulls were often found interred alongside other human remains, and each cache displays

884-458: The person that draws on imaginative invention for verisimilitude. An example is Hilary Mantel 's Wolf Hall (2009) which, while acknowledging the work of the historian Mary Robertson for background information, imagines an intimate portrait of Thomas Cromwell and his intense relationship with Henry VIII at a critical time in English history. It could be argued that in literature any portrait

918-570: The plastered skulls were used to commemorate and respect family ancestors. Other experts argue that the plastered skulls could be linked to the practice of head hunting, and used as trophies although there is scarce evidence to support this. Plastered skulls provide evidence about the earliest arts and religious practices in the ancient Near East . The craftspersonship of one example was acclaimed in Schmandt-Besserat's review of literature and specimens. Finally, one word must be added on

952-530: The portraits of Roman Emperors Constantine I and Theodosius I at their entries.) In the Europe of the Early Middle Ages representations of individuals are mostly generalized. True portraits of the outward appearance of individuals re-emerged in the late Middle Ages , in tomb monuments , donor portraits , miniatures in illuminated manuscripts and then panel paintings . Moche culture of Peru

986-411: The prehistoric population took great care in burying their ancestors below their homes. The skulls denote some of the earliest sculptural examples of portraiture in the history of art . Most early representations that are clearly intended to show an individual are of rulers, and tend to follow idealizing artistic conventions, rather than the individual features of the subject's body, though when there

1020-446: The soft light of an overhead window and whatever else could be reflected with mirrors. As photographic techniques developed, an intrepid group of photographers took their talents out of the studio and onto battlefields, across oceans and into remote wilderness. William Shew 's Daguerreotype Saloon , Roger Fenton 's Photographic Van and Mathew Brady 's What-is-it? wagon set the standards for making portraits and other photographs in

1054-511: The term portrait refers to a written description or analysis of a person or thing. A written portrait often gives deep insight, and offers an analysis that goes far beyond the superficial. For example, the American author Patricia Cornwell wrote a best-selling 2002 book entitled Portrait of a Killer about the personality, background, and possible motivations of Jack the Ripper , as well as

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1088-405: The truly outstanding artistic quality of Skull 88-1 ... the 9000-year-old plastered skull exhibits a remarkable sophistication in the treatment of the human visage. It exemplifies the work of an individual in full command of his/her craft, who handled the difficult plaster technology with great skill, captured the anatomy of the face, and masterfully executed the modeling. The area of the eyebrows and

1122-418: Was a Wire, Dusky Collar, and her dam a Smooth, Eng. Ch. D'Orsay's Donna. Through Dusky D'Orsay, all modern Smooths trace back to several famous Wires, including Ch. Cackler Of Notts and Meersbrook Bristles. The Smooth Fox Terrier's historic profession is fox bolting. A fox bolting dog will accompany a pack of foxhounds and "bolt" after foxes, driving them out from their hiding spots and into the line of sight of

1156-529: Was one of the few ancient civilizations which produced portraits. These works accurately represent anatomical features in great detail. The individuals portrayed would have been recognizable without the need for other symbols or a written reference to their names. The individuals portrayed were members of the ruling elite, priests, warriors and even distinguished artisans. They were represented during several stages of their lives. The faces of gods were also depicted. To date, no portraits of women have been found. There

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