Misplaced Pages

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86-544: Safaricom controls approximately 65.7% percent of the Kenyan market as of 2024 with a subscriber base estimated at approximately 47 million. In terms of voice market and SMS market share Safaricom controls 69.2% and 92.2% respectively. Safaricom was formed in 1997 as a fully owned subsidiary of Telkom Kenya . In May 2000, Vodafone Group PLC of the United Kingdom acquired a 40% stake and management responsibility for

172-518: A base of initial users, M-Pesa then benefited from network effects: the more people who used it, the more it made sense for others to sign up for it. M-Pesa has since been extended to offer loans and savings products, and can also be used to disburse salaries or pay bills, which saves users further time and money as compared to doing so from banks. M-Pesa has a wide range of financial services including Person to Person, ATM withdrawal, Payments, Bulk Payments and Bank to M-Pesa. As of January 2016, M-Pesa

258-501: A clear and effective marketing campaign (“Send money home”); an efficient system to move cash around behind the scenes; and, the post-election violence in the country in early 2008. During the post-election violence, M-Pesa was used to transfer money to people trapped in Nairobi's slums at the time. Some Kenyans regarded M-Pesa as a safer place to store their money than the banks, which were entangled in ethnic disputes. Having established

344-496: A company registered in Kenya. Mobitelea Ventures Limited were granted an option to purchase 25% of Vodafone's shares which they completed in 2002, Vodafone bought back half of the stake in 2003 for $ 10 million, and in the financial year ending 31 March 2009 purchased the remaining indirect equity stake of 5%, thus returning Vodafone to its original 40% stake-holding. Vodafone said that whilst it would like to disclose who owns Mobitelea it

430-478: A consequence of the government's failure to provide its full portion of the 2012 funding. In June 2017, the firm was re-branded from "Orange Kenya" to "Telkom Kenya". On November 9, 2015, Helios Investment Partners announced that they were going to purchase France Télécom's entire stake in Telkom Kenya. Subsequent to the agreement to buy, Helios negotiated with the Kenyan government to own 40 percent in

516-654: A consequence open mail relays have become rare, and many MTAs do not accept messages from open mail relays. The basic Internet message format used for email is defined by RFC   5322 , with encoding of non-ASCII data and multimedia content attachments defined in RFC 2045 through RFC 2049, collectively called Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions or MIME . The extensions in International email apply only to email. RFC 5322 replaced RFC 2822 in 2008. Earlier, in 2001, RFC 2822 had in turn replaced RFC 822, which had been

602-456: A cost of US$ 390 million. In November 2012, the shareholding structure changed due to a decision by the Kenyan government to convert its shareholder loans at that time, into equity in order to ease Telkom Kenya's debt burden. It was subsequently confirmed that the Kenya government would retain 40% shareholding down from 49% with the remaining shares held by France Télécom. In January 2013, France Télécom increased its stake in Telkom Kenya to 70% as

688-560: A current Internet connection. The Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) is a mail access protocol used by a client application to read messages from the mail server. Received messages are often deleted from the server . POP supports simple download-and-delete requirements for access to remote mailboxes (termed maildrop in the POP RFC's). POP3 allows downloading messages on a local computer and reading them even when offline. The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) provides features to manage

774-413: A few characters outside that range and base64 for arbitrary binary data. The 8BITMIME and BINARY extensions were introduced to allow transmission of mail without the need for these encodings, but many mail transport agents may not support them. In some countries, e-mail software violates RFC   5322 by sending raw non-ASCII text and several encoding schemes co-exist; as a result, by default,

860-406: A historical view of all their transactions. M-Pesa has been particularly successful in Kenya, compared to mobile money platforms in other countries. Contributing factors here include the exceptionally high cost of sending money by other methods; the dominant market position of Safaricom; the regulator's initial decision to allow the scheme to proceed on an experimental basis, without formal approval;

946-437: A large corporate environment, with a proprietary protocol specific to Novell Groupwise , Lotus Notes or Microsoft Exchange Servers . Programs used by users for retrieving, reading, and managing email are called mail user agents (MUAs). When opening an email, it is marked as "read", which typically visibly distinguishes it from "unread" messages on clients' user interfaces. Email clients may allow hiding read emails from

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1032-417: A live 5G network, initially available in Nairobi, Kisumu, Kakamega and Kisii. Most of Safaricom's network congestion emerges from a practice called 'flashing'. Flashing is the practice of calling another mobile user, but disconnecting before the connected call is answered. It provides a method for mobile users to alert someone that they wish to be called, but either can't, or won't, pay for the call. The method

1118-410: A mail store by programs called mail delivery agents (MDAs, also sometimes called local delivery agents, LDAs). Accepting a message obliges an MTA to deliver it, and when a message cannot be delivered, that MTA must send a bounce message back to the sender, indicating the problem. Users can retrieve their messages from servers using standard protocols such as POP or IMAP , or, as is more likely in

1204-402: A mailbox from multiple devices. Small portable devices like smartphones are increasingly used to check email while traveling and to make brief replies, larger devices with better keyboard access being used to reply at greater length. IMAP shows the headers of messages, the sender and the subject and the device needs to request to download specific messages. Usually, the mail is left in folders in

1290-422: A notable implementation by MIT 's CTSS project in 1965. Most developers of early mainframes and minicomputers developed similar, but generally incompatible, mail applications. In 1971 the first ARPANET network mail was sent, introducing the now-familiar address syntax with the ' @ ' symbol designating the user's system address. Over a series of RFCs , conventions were refined for sending mail messages over

1376-610: A number of banks. M-Shwari and KCB M-Pesa are two such services, which provide access to savings and loans to users. M-Shwari was launched in November 2012 in partnership with Commercial Bank Of Africa. Safaricom and VISA in June 2022 launched an M-PESA Visa virtual card that allows Kenyan users to shop for products and pay for services worldwide, facilitating safe cashless payments at merchant locations in over 200 countries via Visa's global network. So far 17 banks have been on boarded for

1462-412: A single piece of electronic mail is called a message . The conventions for fields within emails—the "To", "From", "CC", "BCC" etc.—began with RFC-680 in 1975. An Internet email consists of an envelope and content ; the content consists of a header and a body . Computer-based messaging between users of the same system became possible after the advent of time-sharing in the early 1960s, with

1548-657: A smartphone ranges and differs dramatically across different countries. For example, in comparison to 75% of those consumers in the US who used it, only 17% in India did. As of 2010 , the number of Americans visiting email web sites had fallen 6 percent after peaking in November 2009. For persons 12 to 17, the number was down 18 percent. Young people preferred instant messaging , texting and social media . Technology writer Matt Richtel said in The New York Times that email

1634-588: Is also part of the header, as defined below. SMTP defines the trace information of a message saved in the header using the following two fields: Other fields added on top of the header by the receiving server may be called trace fields . Internet email was designed for 7-bit ASCII. Most email software is 8-bit clean , but must assume it will communicate with 7-bit servers and mail readers. The MIME standard introduced character set specifiers and two content transfer encodings to enable transmission of non-ASCII data: quoted printable for mostly 7-bit content with

1720-757: Is an integrated telecommunications provider in Kenya . It was previously a part of the Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation (KPTC) which was the sole provider of both postal and telecommunication services. The company was established as a telecommunications operator in April 1999, after the split of KPTC into the Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK), the Postal Corporation of Kenya (POSTA) and Telkom Kenya. As of 2023,

1806-446: Is cost-free for the users; but costly in network bandwidth. That is why Safaricom introduced a flashback service that gave every subscriber five free SMS messages with a single predefined message stating "Please call me. Thank you". Although the messages can be annoying when sent just for fun they can prove useful when one is in trouble and has no airtime. It also gives parents more of a reason to get mobile phones for their children without

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1892-645: Is enabled as a minimum KYC customer on M-Pesa. A minimum KYC customer of M-Pesa can not do money transfer (P2B, P2P) from his wallet account but can avail services like recharges (Prepaid mobile/ DTH ), bill payments, merchant payments, EMI payments, utility payments, insurance payments etc. They also have a monthly /daily/per transaction limit of ₨. 10,000/-. If a minimum KYC M-Pesa customer wants to avail of bank transfer facility/increase his or her monthly transaction limit, then he or she can do so by doing their KYC using their Aadhar at any Vodafone store or M-Pesa agent point. M-Pesa in India operates under two licenses,

1978-505: Is in contrast to the preferred system before where money was sent by a porter, usually a friend, relative or bus crew, to the intended recipient. M-PESA was first launched by the Kenyan mobile network operator Safaricom, where Vodafone was technically a minority shareholder (40%), in March 2007. M-PESA quickly captured a significant market share for cash transfers and grew to 17 million subscribers by December 2011 in Kenya alone. The growth of

2064-459: Is no technical restriction on the size or number of attachments. However, in practice, email clients, servers , and Internet service providers implement various limitations on the size of files, or complete email – typically to 25MB or less. Furthermore, due to technical reasons, attachment sizes as seen by these transport systems can differ from what the user sees, which can be confusing to senders when trying to assess whether they can safely send

2150-494: Is often successfully used to send special sales offerings and new product information. Depending on the recipient's culture, email sent without permission—such as an "opt-in"—is likely to be viewed as unwelcome " email spam ". Many users access their personal emails from friends and family members using a personal computer in their house or apartment. Email has become used on smartphones and on all types of computers. Mobile "apps" for email increase accessibility to

2236-419: Is supplied separately to the transport protocol, SMTP , which may be extracted from the header content. The "To:" field is similar to the addressing at the top of a conventional letter delivered according to the address on the outer envelope. In the same way, the "From:" field may not be the sender. Some mail servers apply email authentication systems to messages relayed. Data pertaining to the server's activity

2322-501: Is the 3rd in market share after Safaricom and Airtel Kenya . In 2018, it was announced that Airtel Kenya was considering a merger with Telkom Kenya. In March 2018, the company resumed a mobile-money service that it had dropped in 2017. Referred to as T-kash, the service is a direct competitor to the M-pesa service, offered by market-leader Safaricom . In 2007 France Télécom (now Orange S.A. ) acquired 51% of Telkom Kenya's shares at

2408-581: Is unable to because of a confidentiality agreement. As of December 2017, the company's stock was owned by the following public and private entities. The stock of the company is listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange, where it trades under the symbol: SCOM . On 29th October 2024, Daily Nation reported safaricom to be involved in abductions and extra-judicial killings by police and sometimes assassins by using safaricom CDR to track its subscribers without valid court orders. According

2494-416: Is used by 21.8 million Kenyans, with over 1.5 million of M-Pesa users using the bill payment feature. At the time M-Pesa had a network of over 90,000 agent outlets. Average value of monthly person to person transfers on M-Pesa was KSh.106 billion/= while Person to Business transfers were at KSh.23.5 billion/= and Business to Person at KSh 27.8 billion/= per month. M-Pesa is in partnership with

2580-486: The File Transfer Protocol . Proprietary electronic mail systems soon began to emerge. IBM , CompuServe and Xerox used in-house mail systems in the 1970s; CompuServe sold a commercial intraoffice mail product in 1978 to IBM and to Xerox from 1981. DEC's ALL-IN-1 and Hewlett-Packard's HPMAIL (later HP DeskManager) were released in 1982; development work on the former began in the late 1970s and

2666-499: The Internet , and also local area networks . Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect, typically to a mail server or a webmail interface to send or receive messages or download it. Originally a text-only ASCII communications medium, Internet email

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2752-646: The M-Pesa offering. M-Pesa was launched in Tanzania by Vodacom in 2008 but its initial ability to attract customers fell short of expectations. In 2010, the International Finance Corporation released a report which explored many of these issues in greater depth and analyzed the strategic changes that Vodacom has implemented to improve their market position.[23] As of September 2021, M-Pesa in Tanzania has 12.66 million subscribers M-Pesa,

2838-478: The United Arab Emirates was selected to acquire the 60 percent shareholding, previously owned by Helios Investment Partners. Subject to all the approvals and documentation, the shareholding will look as depicted in the table below. Email Email (short for electronic mail ; alternatively spelled e-mail ) is a method of transmitting and receiving messages using electronic devices. It

2924-594: The Africa Shared Value Summit. As of 2020, Safaricom employed over 4,500 people permanently and over 1,900 people on contract. 75 percent of the company's employees were based in Nairobi , the Headquarters, with the remainder based in other big cities like Mombasa , Kisumu , Nakuru and Eldoret , in which it operates retail outlets. It has nationwide dealerships to ensure customers across

3010-476: The Kenyan and South African markets, including the banking regulations at the time of M-Pesa's launch in each country. According to Money Web, a South African investment website, "A tough regulatory environment with regards to customer registration and the acquisition of outlets also compounded the company's troubles, as the local regulations are more stringent in comparison to our African counterparts. Lack of education and product understanding also hindered efforts in

3096-557: The Kipokezi launch allowed more than a third of the population to exchange email and online chat messages. In Partnership with Google, Safaricom introduced Lipa Mdogo Mdogo, a product targeting individuals with 2G phones by upgrading them to 4 G-enabled devices while paying daily installments of Ksh.20 over a period of one year. Ndegwa, who is the CEO of the company pointed out that they were targeting 1 million customers with plans of rolling

3182-579: The PPI (Prepaid Payment Instruments) license issued by the Reserve Bank of India and the business correspondent license issued by ICICI bank. M-Pesa has also received in -principle nod of the regulator to set up a payments bank in India. Vodafone M-Pesa is the largest business correspondent channel in India with 1.5 lac+ M-Pesa agents who are enabled to provide cash-in, cash-out and assisted payments facility to M-Pesa customers. In 2008, reports appearing in

3268-546: The RTS service: M-PESA customers will be able to send funds; To East Africa: Rwanda, Tanzania & Uganda Globally: To millions of Bank accounts and over 500,000 Western Union locations globally. PayPal: M-PESA registered customers will receive the funds from abroad on their M-PESA account. M-PESA customers can access the service by dialling *840# >Accept terms and conditions to Opt in > Select send money abroad on mySafaricom App. In September 2010 Vodacom and Ned bank announced

3354-510: The URL in the To: field. Many clients also support query string parameters for the other email fields, such as its subject line or carbon copy recipients. Many email providers have a web-based email client. This allows users to log into the email account by using any compatible web browser to send and receive their email. Mail is typically not downloaded to the web client, so it cannot be read without

3440-432: The ability to be used for more frequent communication between users and allowed them to check their email and write messages throughout the day. As of 2011 , there were approximately 1.4 billion email users worldwide and 50 billion non-spam emails that were sent daily. Individuals often check emails on smartphones for both personal and work-related messages. It was found that US adults check their email more than they browse

3526-417: The ability to include in-line links and images, set apart previous messages in block quotes , wrap naturally on any display, use emphasis such as underlines and italics , and change font styles. Disadvantages include the increased size of the email, privacy concerns about web bugs , abuse of HTML email as a vector for phishing attacks and the spread of malicious software . Some e-mail clients interpret

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3612-516: The allegations of violations of its subscribers privacy without addressing the specific cases that were published where safaricom was complicit in abductions and extra judicial killings. In November 2024 safaricom suspended advertisements with Daily Nation and related publications such as business daily due to the publications about safaricom violation of its mobile subscribers privacy. On 15th November 2024 various civil societies including KNHCR and Muslims for human rights demanded safaricom addresses

3698-488: The article safaricom CDR records used to locate its subscribers are routinely accessed using police occurence book entries which are sometimes obtained informally by police then used to track and execute some safaricom subscribers without valid court orders or due process. On 8th february 2022 a nairobi court ordered safaricom to discloses call records about an abducted safaricom mobile subscriber Trevor Ndwiga but safaricom provided inconsistent and falsified records to mislead

3784-451: The attachments. Others separate attachments from messages and save them in a specific directory. The URI scheme , as registered with the IANA, defines the mailto: scheme for SMTP email addresses. Though its use is not strictly defined, URLs of this form are intended to be used to open the new message window of the user's mail client when the URL is activated, with the address as defined by

3870-466: The body as HTML even in the absence of a Content-Type: html header field; this may cause various problems. Some web-based mailing lists recommend all posts be made in plain text, with 72 or 80 characters per line for all the above reasons, and because they have a significant number of readers using text-based email clients such as Mutt . Various informal conventions evolved for marking up plain text in email and usenet posts, which later led to

3956-533: The company is fully owned the Government of Kenya . The company operates and maintains the infrastructure over which Kenya's various internet service providers operate. As of 2004, most internet service was provided via dial-up service. Jambonet , an important Kenyan ISP , is a subsidiary of Telkom Kenya. It also offers mobile GSM voice and high speed internet services under the Telkom brand, in which it

4042-417: The company leverage among its competitors. Collymore was also at the forefront in leading the charge against regulatory efforts to clip the company's wings due to its size and dominance. After a two-year battle with cancer, Bob, the longest-serving executive died on July 1, 2019, leaving behind a company with doubled user base and profits increased by 380%. Michael was appointed as interim chief. Peter Ndegwa

4128-707: The company. In 2008, the government offered 25% of its shares to the public through the Nairobi Securities Exchange . Safaricom was ranked as Africa's Best Employer, 67th in the World by the Forbes Global 200 list of the World's Best Employers. In March 2018, Safaricom was ranked as the #1 company to work for in the annual BrighterMonday Best 100 Companies to Work for in Kenya according to career professionals and job seekers. In 2019 Safaricom partnered with Shared Value Africa Initiative to host

4214-439: The country have access to its products and services. In November 2012, Safaricom partnered NCBA Bank and came up with a "revolutionary" banking product, M-Shwari, which allows M-Pesa customers to save and borrow money through mobile phone while earning interest on money saved tapping into an underdeveloped financial services market. Michael Joseph served as the founding CEO between July 2000 and November 2010. He transformed

4300-522: The country. Customers of Vodafone can also activate the M-Pesa service by dialing *400# from their mobiles and completing the registration process. Using the *400# ( USSD ) facility allows Vodafone customers to avail of the benefits of M-Pesa without having a smartphone or a data connection. Registration is entirely free of charge. A customer who activates his M-pesa wallet by only providing his basic demographic details and not sharing any proof of identity

4386-435: The court and lawyers involved. In january 2017 Sudanese intelligence assassins were involved in abduction of two sudanese activists who were eventually executed after the sudanese assassins used safaricom phone CDR records to track the activist who were safaricom mobile subscribers while they were in Nairobi .They were tracked,abducted and eventually flown to Juba where they were executed On 31st october 2024 safaricom denied

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4472-590: The cross section of the press indicated that Vodafone Plc of UK only owned 35% while the remaining 5% was owned by a little-known company, Mobitelea Ventures Limited . The reports caused a stir which led to the summoning of its CEO Michael Joseph to appear before the PIC "Public Investment Committee", where he denied knowing who the other shareholder is. A spokesman for Vodafone said "the PIC has no powers to investigate M&A activity (see Mergers and Acquisitions ), only to ask to view company accounts of Vodafone Kenya Limited,

4558-441: The developed world, and it is one of the key parts of an 'e-revolution' in workplace communication (with the other key plank being widespread adoption of highspeed Internet ). A sponsored 2010 study on workplace communication found 83% of U.S. knowledge workers felt email was critical to their success and productivity at work. It has some key benefits to business and other organizations, including: Email marketing via " opt-in "

4644-572: The development of formal languages like setext (c. 1992) and many others , the most popular of them being markdown . Some Microsoft email clients may allow rich formatting using their proprietary Rich Text Format (RTF), but this should be avoided unless the recipient is guaranteed to have a compatible email client. Messages are exchanged between hosts using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol with software programs called mail transfer agents (MTAs); and delivered to

4730-421: The file system. Some clients save individual messages as separate files, while others use various database formats, often proprietary, for collective storage. A historical standard of storage is the mbox format. The specific format used is often indicated by special filename extensions : Some applications (like Apple Mail ) leave attachments encoded in messages for searching while also saving separate copies of

4816-455: The final restrictions on carrying commercial traffic over the Internet ended in 1995, a combination of factors made the current Internet suite of SMTP, POP3 and IMAP email protocols the standard (see Protocol Wars ). The following is a typical sequence of events that takes place when sender Alice transmits a message using a mail user agent (MUA) addressed to the email address of

4902-454: The following fields: RFC 3864 describes registration procedures for message header fields at the IANA ; it provides for permanent and provisional field names, including also fields defined for MIME, netnews, and HTTP, and referencing relevant RFCs. Common header fields for email include: The To: field may be unrelated to the addresses to which the message is delivered. The delivery list

4988-509: The inbox so the user can focus on the unread. Mail can be stored on the client , on the server side, or in both places. Standard formats for mailboxes include Maildir and mbox . Several prominent email clients use their own proprietary format and require conversion software to transfer email between them. Server-side storage is often in a proprietary format but since access is through a standard protocol such as IMAP, moving email from one server to another can be done with any MUA supporting

5074-710: The initial roll out of the product." In June 2011, Vodacom and Nedbank launched a campaign to re-position M-Pesa, targeting the product to potential customers who have a higher Living Standard Measures (LSM) index than were first targeted. Despite efforts, as at March 2015, M-Pesa still struggled to grow its customer base. This comes as no surprise as South Africa is well known for being ahead of financial institutions globally in terms of maturity and technological innovation. According to Genesis Analytics, 70% of South Africans are "banked", meaning that they have at least one bank account with an established financial institution which have their own banking products which directly compete with

5160-594: The latter became the world's largest selling email system. The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) was implemented on the ARPANET in 1983. LAN email systems emerged in the mid-1980s. For a time in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it seemed likely that either a proprietary commercial system or the X.400 email system, part of the Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile (GOSIP), would predominate. However, once

5246-637: The launch of the service in South Africa , where there were estimated to be more than 13 million "economically active" people without a bank account. M-Pesa has been slow to gain a toehold in the South African market compared to Vodacom's projections that it would sign up 10 million users in the following three years. By May 2011, it had registered approximately 100,000 customers. The gap between expectations for M-Pesa's performance and its actual performance can be partly attributed to differences between

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5332-660: The limit is 998 characters. Header fields defined by RFC 5322 contain only US-ASCII characters; for encoding characters in other sets, a syntax specified in RFC 2047 may be used. In some examples, the IETF EAI working group defines some standards track extensions, replacing previous experimental extensions so UTF-8 encoded Unicode characters may be used within the header. In particular, this allows email addresses to use non-ASCII characters. Such addresses are supported by Google and Microsoft products, and promoted by some government agents. The message header must include at least

5418-515: The mail server. Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI) is used by Microsoft Outlook to communicate to Microsoft Exchange Server —and to a range of other email server products such as Axigen Mail Server , Kerio Connect , Scalix , Zimbra , HP OpenMail , IBM Lotus Notes , Zarafa , and Bynari where vendors have added MAPI support to allow their products to be accessed directly via Outlook. Email has been widely accepted by businesses, governments and non-governmental organizations in

5504-402: The medium for users who are out of their homes. While in the earliest years of email, users could only access email on desktop computers, in the 2010s, it is possible for users to check their email when they are away from home, whether they are across town or across the world. Alerts can also be sent to the smartphone or other devices to notify them immediately of new messages. This has given email

5590-510: The message in a non-Latin alphabet language appears in non-readable form (the only exception is a coincidence if the sender and receiver use the same encoding scheme). Therefore, for international character sets , Unicode is growing in popularity. Most modern graphic email clients allow the use of either plain text or HTML for the message body at the option of the user. HTML email messages often include an automatic-generated plain text copy for compatibility. Advantages of HTML include

5676-426: The message, as unstructured text, sometimes containing a signature block at the end. The header is separated from the body by a blank line. RFC 5322 specifies the syntax of the email header. Each email message has a header (the "header section" of the message, according to the specification), comprising a number of fields ("header fields"). Each field has a name ("field name" or "header field name"), followed by

5762-412: The money to the user's M-Pesa account. The user then gets an SMS notifying them of the transaction. A user withdraws money by visiting an agent, who checks that the user has sufficient funds before debiting the user's account and handing over the cash. An M-Pesa user can also transfer money to others using a menu on their phone. Cash can thus be sent one place to another instantly, safely and easily. This

5848-420: The new joint venture, with the investment firm retaining 60 percent. In June 2016, final regulatory approval was received for the deal to proceed. In October 2022, the Kenyan government acquired the remaining 60% of Telkom Kenya from Helios in a $ 50.4 million USD deal. At that time, the Kenyan government owned 100 percent of Telkom Kenya. In October 2023, Infrastructure Corporation of Africa LLC (ICA), based in

5934-450: The protocol. Many current email users do not run MTA, MDA or MUA programs themselves, but use a web-based email platform, such as Gmail or Yahoo! Mail , that performs the same tasks. Such webmail interfaces allow users to access their mail with any standard web browser , from any computer, rather than relying on a local email client. Upon reception of email messages, email client applications save messages in operating system files in

6020-464: The real need for getting them airtime. Safaricom launched the Kipokezi service in May 2000 that enabled its subscribers to send and receive email and online chat through standard mobile phones . The service did not require users to have an Internet connection as it used ForgetMeNot Africa 's Handset Initiation technology. Prior to the service fewer than one in ten Kenyans had accessed the Internet but

6106-454: The recipient. In addition to this example, alternatives and complications exist in the email system: Many MTAs used to accept messages for any recipient on the Internet and do their best to deliver them. Such MTAs are called open mail relays . This was very important in the early days of the Internet when network connections were unreliable. However, this mechanism proved to be exploitable by originators of unsolicited bulk email and as

6192-705: The separator character ":", and a value ("field body" or "header field body"). Each field name begins in the first character of a new line in the header section, and begins with a non- whitespace printable character . It ends with the separator character ":". The separator is followed by the field value (the "field body"). The value can continue onto subsequent lines if those lines have space or tab as their first character. Field names and, without SMTPUTF8 , field bodies are restricted to 7-bit ASCII characters. Some non-ASCII values may be represented using MIME encoded words . Email header fields can be multi-line, with each line recommended to be no more than 78 characters, although

6278-416: The service forced formal banking institutions to take note of the new venture. In December 2008, a group of banks reportedly lobbied the Kenyan finance minister to audit M-PESA, in an effort to at least slow the growth of the service. This ploy failed, as the audit found that the service was robust. At this time, The Banking Act did not provide the basis to regulate products offered by non-banks, of which M-PESA

6364-475: The service to other countries depending on its initial success. An M-PESA-enabled mobile phone can also function as an electronic wallet and can hold up to KSh. 500,000/= (approx. US$ 3500). Safaricom has announced that it intends to roll out M-PESA to other countries. M-PESA (M for mobile, pesa is Swahili for money) is a mobile phone-based money transfer, financing and micro financing service, launched in 2007 by Vodafone for Safaricom and Vodacom . M-PESA

6450-430: The specific cases where safaricom subscribers were abducted and some eventually killed using safaricom CDR records; then in some cases safaricom responded with falsified and doctored records that were presented to courts to mislead court and lawyers in the specific court cases. 01°15′33″S 36°47′10″E  /  1.25917°S 36.78611°E  / -1.25917; 36.78611 Telkom Kenya Telkom Kenya

6536-506: The standard for Internet email for decades. Published in 1982, RFC 822 was based on the earlier RFC 733 for the ARPANET. Internet email messages consist of two sections, "header" and "body". These are known as "content". The header is structured into fields such as From, To, CC, Subject, Date, and other information about the email. In the process of transporting email messages between systems, SMTP communicates delivery parameters and information using message header fields. The body contains

6622-492: The telecom from a subscriber base of less than 20,000 to over 16.71 million during his previous tenure. In his last full year as CEO, Safaricom posted a 37 percent rise in pretax profit. Bob Collymore took over at Safaricom in November 2010, replacing Michael Joseph who went on to serve in the telco giant's board as the Chairman. Collymore oversaw the introduction into the market of various mobile money products that have given

6708-461: The way the regulatory body Communications Authority of Kenya , awarded Safaricom its LTE (long Term Evolution) license to operate at 800 MHz. Safaricom was the first company in Kenya to possess 3G Internet technology with the recent success of 4G / LTE connectivity currently in all major Kenyan cities. In March 2021, Safaricom became the second network operator in Africa after Vodacom to launch

6794-434: The web or check their Facebook accounts, making email the most popular activity for users to do on their smartphones. 78% of the respondents in the study revealed that they check their email on their phone. It was also found that 30% of consumers use only their smartphone to check their email, and 91% were likely to check their email at least once per day on their smartphone. However, the percentage of consumers using email on

6880-725: Was appointed as CEO effective April 1, 2020. In January 2023, Safaricom made Adil Khawaja its of chairman of the board of directors. In May 2024, Safaricom was affected by communication disruptions following the severing of submarine cables across East Africa. 2G service on 900 MHz and 1800 MHz. 3G DC-HSPA+ service on 900 MHz & 2100 MHz. Safaricom later launched LTE-A (4G service with carrier aggregation) service in Nairobi and Mombasa on band 20 (800 MHz) and band 3 (1800 MHz) in December 2014 and has expanded to other cities. Safaricom's competitors, Airtel Kenya and Telkom Kenya have expressed dissatisfaction with

6966-448: Was conceived in the late–20th century as the digital version of, or counterpart to, mail (hence e- + mail ). Email is a ubiquitous and very widely used communication medium; in current use, an email address is often treated as a basic and necessary part of many processes in business, commerce, government, education, entertainment, and other spheres of daily life in most countries. Email operates across computer networks , primarily

7052-428: Was extended by MIME to carry text in expanded character sets and multimedia content such as images. International email , with internationalized email addresses using UTF-8 , is standardized but not widely adopted. The term electronic mail has been in use with its modern meaning since 1975, and variations of the shorter E-mail have been in use since 1979: The service is often simply referred to as mail , and

7138-555: Was launched in India as a close partnership between Vodafone India and ICICI bank in November 2011 under the leadership of Mr Suresh Sethi. The service today operates in all telecom circles where Vodafone India is present. Users (of any telecom operator) can activate the M-Pesa service by downloading the Vodafone M-Pesa app (available on all app stores) on to their phones and registering themselves or by visiting any Vodafone store, Vodafone mini-store or M-Pesa agent point across

7224-554: Was like the VCR , vinyl records and film cameras —no longer cool and something older people do. A 2015 survey of Android users showed that persons 13 to 24 used messaging apps 3.5 times as much as those over 45, and were far less likely to use email. Email messages may have one or more attachments, which are additional files that are appended to the email. Typical attachments include Microsoft Word documents, PDF documents, and scanned images of paper documents. In principle, there

7310-399: Was one such very successful product. As at November 2014, M-PESA transactions for the 11 months of 2014 were valued at KSh.2.1 trillion/=, a 28% increase from 2013, and almost half the value of the country's GDP. On November 19, 2014, Safaricom launched a companion android app Safaricom M-Ledger for its M-PESA users. The application, currently available only on Android, gives M-PESA users

7396-460: Was originally designed as a system to allow microfinance-loan repayments to be made by phone, reducing the costs associated with handling cash. After the pilot testing it was broadened to become a general money-transfer scheme. Since then safaricom M-PESA brand has reached 12 countries in Africa and three countries outside the continent. Once a user registers for M-PESA, they pay money into the system by handing cash at an M-Pesa agent, who then credits

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