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24-686: The tribal government offices are located on the Isabella Indian Reservation , near the city of Mount Pleasant in Isabella County . They also hold land on the Saganing Reservation near Standish . As of February 2007, tribal membership was approximately 3,296. The 2010 US Census reports 2,414 persons living in the Mount Pleasant, Michigan micropolitan area are Native American. The tribe operates

48-621: A formidable predator and competitor on newly hatched percid (walleye and yellow perch) fry. In the absence of alewives, walleye and yellow perch reproductive success greatly increased. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources discontinued stocking in 2006, and walleye recovery targets were formally met in 2009. Recreational harvest since then has ranged from about 150,000 per year to as much as 350,000 per year. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources liberalized walleye recreational harvest (higher daily possession limit and lower minimum length limit) in 2015. Although yellow perch also benefitted from

72-622: A new elders' center. Besides its gaming enterprises, the tribe owns the Sagamok Express Mobil Gas Stations in Mount Pleasant and Standish, the Cardinal Pharmacy and Migizi Economic Development Corp. at the Sowmick Plaza in Mount Pleasant. It also makes online sales through Amazon and Walmart.com under its Ziibiwing Commercial Services Warehouse in Mount Pleasant. In 1966, the nation was among

96-509: A substance-abuse treatment center, a community clinic, and health facilities. In the early 21st century, the tribe opened a new Elders' Center. The tribe operates the Saginaw Chippewa Academy (an elementary school). They also have Native American advocates and tutors who work with students in the local public schools. In 1993, the tribe elected their first female Tribal Chief, Gail George , who served until 1995. In 1998

120-707: The Ojibwe people prior to European exploration. They dominated the areas around the Great Lakes . In the early 17th century, French explorers were the first Europeans to visit the Great Lakes region. The first to visit the Saginaw Bay area was Father Jacques Marquette , a French Jesuit missionary priest, who went there in 1668 after establishing a mission in St. Ignace . In 1686, Father Jean Enjalran arrived in

144-613: The Saginaw Chippewa Tribal College , a two-year community college open to all in the region. The tribe owns and operates several gaming and recreation facilities on its property in Mount Pleasant: In addition, it operates Eagle Bay Marina and Saganing Eagles Landing Casino in Standish . These generate revenue for investment in education and welfare for the tribe, including such facilities as

168-412: The Great Lakes, the fisheries collapsed or became severely degraded around the middle part of the 20th century. This was attributed mainly to habitat degradation (dam construction, sedimentation of off shore spawning areas), pollution, cultural eutrophication , and the effects of invasive species . The relatively intense exploitation of the commercial fisheries that operated at the time probably hastened

192-726: The Ojibwe language. The reservation has the largest community of Ojibwe language speakers in Michigan. The tribe hosts a pow-wow every year during the last full weekend in July. This competition pow-wow takes place at the grounds on "the Hill" (the only rise on the otherwise flat Isabella Reservation). The Hill is also the site of the tribal campgrounds and the Chippewa Indian Methodist Church. On December 2, 2019,

216-447: The Saginaw Bay area was connected to this. Bay City, Michigan is a major port at the lower end of the bay. The two islands in the middle of the bay, Charity Island and Little Charity Island , are excellent fishing grounds. Because Saginaw Bay is shallower and warmer than the main basin of Lake Huron, its fish community is also different. Both recreational and commercial fisheries operate in Saginaw Bay. Walleye and yellow perch are

240-678: The Union as the State of Michigan. During development of natural resources in the 19th century, Saginaw Bay was busy with shipping of lumber and other commodities to eastern markets. About 1813, Louis Campau erected an Indian trading post along the Saginaw River, which led to the development of Saginaw City, Michigan in 1816 (which was combined with East Saginaw City in March 1890 to form Saginaw, Michigan ). The history of other settlements of

264-483: The absence of alewives with greater reproductive success, the numbers of adults has declined and remained depressed. This is because of a high mortality rate in their first year of life, believed to be predation from walleye and other predators. Other historically important species in Saginaw Bay include lake sturgeon and cisco (lake herring). Until the middle of the 20th century, Saginaw Bay supported an enormous cisco commercial fishery. They declined throughout much of

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288-778: The central part of the U.S. state of Michigan . The tribe also has some small parcels of off-reservation trust land in Standish Township , Arenac County , near Saginaw Bay and southeast of the city of Standish . Tribal lands are held in trust by the federal government on behalf of the nation. The tribe owns and operates the Soaring Eagle Casino & Resort in Mount Pleasant and the Saganing Eagles Landing Casino in Standish . The Tribe entered into an agreement with

312-516: The commercial fishery for walleye which was formally closed in 1970, remained closed. The recreational fishery harvest averaged 80,000 walleyes annually from 1986 to 2002 but was hatchery dependent with as much as 80% of the harvest being hatchery fish. A profound food web shift in Lake Huron took place in 2003 with the near disappearance of the invasive alewife . Alewives used Saginaw Bay's near-shore waters as spawning and nursery grounds and were

336-662: The declines but was not believed to be the main cause since they had operated there since the late 17th century. Resurgence of the fisheries began after passage of clean water legislation like the Clean Water Act and the Great Lakes Clean Water Pact. The walleye fishery began a resurgence in the early 1980s when the Michigan Department of Natural Resources initiated a fingerling stocking program. The sport fishery soon remerged, but

360-697: The four founders of the Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan , established to pool resources for development and to improve relations with state and federal governments. Others are the Bay Mills Indian Community , Keneenaw Potawatomi Indian Community , and Hannahville Indian Community . They have worked together since. In the early 21st century, the Council consists of members from 11 of the 12 federally recognized tribes in Michigan. The tribe operates community facilities, including

384-580: The lake and have not recovered in Saginaw Bay. A cisco fingerling stocking program aimed at restoring a breeding population in the bay was initiated in 2017, a joint exercise by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service , the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and other partner agencies of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission . Lake sturgeon, which mainly spawn in rivers, are also the subject of a restocking effort led by

408-638: The largest contiguous freshwater coastal wetland system in the United States . The Saginaw Bay Watershed Initiative Network leads the effort to promote sustainable development in the Saginaw Bay Watershed by coordinating watershed programs and providing grants to innovative projects across the region. It is currently listed as an Area of Concern by the Environmental Protection Agency . Possible origins for

432-582: The name "Saginaw" could be from the Ojibwa words O-Sag-e-non (Ozaagiinaang) or Sag-in-a-we (Zaagiinaang), meaning "to flow out". It may refer to the Saginaw River , which flows out into Saginaw Bay and eventually into Lake Huron. The name "Saginaw" is not related to Saguenay , a region in Quebec whose name is of Algonquin origin. This area was long settled by indigenous peoples, lastly by bands of

456-416: The primary sport species while the commercial fishery primarily targets lake whitefish and yellow perch. The commercial fishery is a state of Michigan licensed fishery as opposed to tribal based fisheries that operate in other parts of Lake Huron. The recreational fishery became more prominent in the last half of the 20th century. Prior to that, the bay's fisheries were almost entirely commercial. Like much of

480-467: The space between Michigan's Thumb region and the rest of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan . Saginaw Bay is 1,143 square miles (2,960 km ) in area. It is located in parts of five Michigan counties: Arenac , Bay , Huron , Iosco , and Tuscola . The Saginaw Bay watershed is the largest drainage basin in Michigan, draining approximately 15% of the total land area. The watershed contains

504-630: The state to expand its law enforcement jurisdiction to enforce laws on its members. This expanded area is for law enforcement and its members only and not the Mt. Pleasant community as a whole. All townships are in Isabella County , except Standish Township, which is in Arenac County Saginaw Bay Saginaw Bay is a bay within Lake Huron located on the eastern side of the U.S. state of Michigan . It forms

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528-489: The tribe established Saginaw Chippewa Tribal College . Since 2007 it has been an accredited two-year community college. The Nation has an agreement with Central Michigan University that allows students to readily transfer credits to CMU to complete a 4-year degree there. The Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe also operates the Ziibiwing Cultural Society (a tribal museum). It encourages use and teaching of

552-618: The tribe signed a memorandum of understanding with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources to co-manage the Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park in Sanilac County . This agreement marks the first state-tribal co-management of a Michigan state park . Isabella Indian Reservation The Isabella Indian Reservation is the primary land base of the federally recognized Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation , located in Isabella County in

576-584: The valley to establish an Indian mission, but his efforts failed. France ceded its nominal control of the region to Great Britain under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763 following Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War . Twenty years later, Britain ceded it to the newly independent United States of America . It became part of the Michigan Territory in 1805 and later was admitted to

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