Saint-Marc ( Haitian Creole : Sen Mak ) is a commune in western Haiti in Artibonite departement. Its geographic coordinates are 19°7′N 72°42′W / 19.117°N 72.700°W / 19.117; -72.700 . At the 2003 Census the commune had 160,181 inhabitants. It is one of the biggest cities, second to Gonaïves , between Port-au-Prince and Cap-Haïtien .
119-755: Before the settlement of the French, the region was known as Amani-y ad part of the Xaragua caciquat. The port of Saint-Marc is currently the preferred port of entry for consumer goods coming into Haiti. Reasons for this may include its location away from volatile and congested Port-au-Prince as well as its central location relative to a large group of Haitian cities including Cap-Haïtien, Carrefour , Delmas , Fort-Liberté , Gonaïves , Hinche , Limbe , Pétion-Ville , Port-de-Paix , and Verrettes . These cities, together with their surrounding areas, contain nearly eight million of Haiti's ten million people (2009). In 1905
238-977: A grazing area or the bringing of fodder to penned animals, with enough hayracks for all of them to feed simultaneously; fresh water; salt licks ; space for the animals to exercise; and disposal of soiled bedding. In Africa and the Middle East, goats are typically run in flocks with sheep. This maximizes the production per acre, as goats and sheep prefer different food plants. Multiple types of goat-raising are found in Ethiopia, where four main types have been identified: pastured in annual crop systems, in perennial crop systems, with cattle, and in arid areas, under pastoral (nomadic) herding systems. In all four systems, however, goats were typically kept in extensive systems, with few purchased inputs. In Nigeria and in parts of Latin America, some goats are allowed to wander
357-501: A Middle class and a Lower Class (the poverty class). The former is generally literate in French, while the latter use Creole and may not be literate. Many of the better schools teach both French and English as formal languages, resulting in children gaining fluency in those and Creole, their first language. Residents aspire to having a concrete masonry house (CMU), associated with security and wealth. Middle-class families may also wish to save enough money to emigrate with their children from
476-559: A boutique “convenient store” stand. There are also a multitude of street sellers who carry baskets of goods or candy on their heads, as well as selling canned milk to passers-by. Not many of these products are manufactured in St. Marc. Nearly all products sold are received in the country as donations or surpluses from second-hand stores in the US. St. Marc markets are open daily, featuring almost any type of fruit or vegetable grown locally. St. Marc hosts
595-538: A charcoal market for cooking material. As charcoal is used for much of the cooking in St. Marc and throughout Haiti in general, it is manufactured locally and supports a large work force. The island has become deforested from so much wood being taken from the forests. Aside from the charcoal market, St. Marc's economics revolve a great deal around agricultural products produced in the area. In Deye Legliz, an area near St. Marc harbor, food markets are open daily. Most residents shop on Saturday to stock up on food supplies for
714-559: A global relief effort. On Wednesday 20 January 2010, an aftershock rated at a magnitude of 5.9 caused additional damage. The City Hall (Mairie de Port-au-Prince) and most of the city's other government municipal buildings were destroyed in the 2010 earthquake. Ralph Youri Chevry was the mayor of the city at the time of the earthquake. The worst hurricane season experienced by Haiti occurred in 2008 when four storms Fay , Gustav , Hanna , and Ike negatively impacted Haiti. Nearly 800 people were killed; 22,000 homes were destroyed; 70% of
833-492: A goat's beard. In Hinduism, Daksha , one of the prajapati , is sometimes depicted with the head of a male goat. A legend states that Daksha failed to invite Shiva to a sacrifice; Shiva beheaded Daksha, but when asked by Vishnu, restored Daksha to life with the head of a goat. Goats are mentioned many times in the Bible . Their importance in ancient Israel is indicated by the seven different Hebrew and three Greek terms used in
952-743: A greater skeletal size, reach mature weight at a later age (36 to 42 months) than small-framed goats (18 to 24 months) if both are fed to their full potential. Large-framed goats need more calories than small-framed goats for maintenance of daily functions. While goats are hardy animals and often need little medical care, they are subject to a number of diseases. Among the conditions affecting goats are respiratory diseases including pneumonia , foot rot, internal parasites, pregnancy toxicosis, and feed toxicity. Goats can become infected with various viral and bacterial diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease , caprine arthritis encephalitis , caseous lymphadenitis , pinkeye, mastitis, and pseudorabies . They can transmit
1071-506: A group, goats display less herding behavior than sheep. When grazing undisturbed, they spread across the field or range, rather than feed side by side as do sheep. When nursing young, goats leave their kids separated ("lying out") rather than clumped, as do sheep. They generally turn and face an intruder, and bucks are more likely to charge or butt at humans than are rams . A 2016 study reports that goats try to communicate with people like domesticated animals such as dogs and horses. They look to
1190-420: A human for assistance when faced with a newly-modified challenge. Goats reach puberty between three and 15 months of age, depending on breed and nutritional status. Many breeders prefer to postpone breeding until the doe has reached 70% of the adult weight, but this separation is rarely possible in extensively managed, open-range herds. Bucks (uncastrated males) of Swiss and northern breeds come into rut in
1309-718: A lot of fruit. A dish very specific to St. Marc consists of white rice with, beans sauce, and crab/goat meat mixed in, or both stuffed in lavish edible leaves named " Lalo " in Haitian Creole. "Lalo" is also significantly produced in Artibonite. Other dishes include bananne pesée (fried plantains, called "bannann peze" in Haitian Creole) which are accompanied with pikliz, a spicy slaw mixture that consists of finely sliced carrots, cabbage, onions or shallots, and peppers. Pumpkin soup ("soup joumou" in Haitian Creole)
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#17327909926191428-405: A massive humanitarian crisis shortly after. The metropolitan area is subdivided into various communes (districts). There is a ring of districts that radiates out from the commune of Port-au-Prince. Pétion-Ville is an affluent suburban commune located southeast of the city. Delmas is located directly south of the airport and north of the central city, and the rather poor commune of Carrefour
1547-453: A new city was built, Port-au-Prince. In 1770, Port-au-Prince replaced Cap-Français (the modern Cap-Haïtien ) as capital of the colony of Saint-Domingue . In November 1791, it was burned in a battle between attacking black revolutionaries and defending white plantation owners. It was captured by British troops on 4 June 1794, after the Battle of Port-Républicain . In 1804, it became
1666-519: A number of Europeans (both foreign-born and native-born). Citizens of Arab (particularly Syrian , Lebanese , and Israeli Arab ) ancestry have a large presence in the capital. Arab Haitians (a large number of whom live in Port-au-Prince) are, more often than not, concentrated in financial areas where the majority of them establish businesses. Most of the biracial residents of the city are concentrated within wealthier areas. Port-au-Prince
1785-418: A number of hospitals including le Centre Hospitalier du Sacré-Cœur, Hôpital de l'Université d'État d'Haïti (l'HUEH), Centre Obstetrico Gynécologique Isaïe Jeanty-Léon Audain, Hôpital du Canapé-Vert, Hôpital Français (Asile Français), Hôpital Saint-François de Sales, Hôpital-Maternité Sapiens, Hôpital OFATMA, Clinique de la Santé, Maternité de Christ Roi, Centre Hospitalier Rue Berne and Maternité Mathieu. After
1904-557: A number of zoonotic diseases to people, such as tuberculosis , brucellosis , Q fever , and rabies . Life expectancy for goats is between 15 and 18 years. An instance of a goat reaching the age of 24 has been reported. Several factors can reduce this average expectancy; problems during kidding can lower a doe's expected life span to 10 or 11, and stresses of going into rut can lower a buck's expected life span to eight to 10 years. Husbandry , or animal care and use, varies by region and culture. The minimal requirements for goats include
2023-490: A republic in the south, Port-au-Prince was the capital of the republic, under the leadership of Alexandre Pétion . Henri Christophe renamed the city Port-aux-Crimes after the assassination of Jacques I at Pont Larnage (now known as Pont-Rouge, and located north of the city). The Port-au-Prince area was part of the Xaragua chiefdom with the capital city, Yaguana being in Léoganes. There were multiple Taino settlements in
2142-428: A result, they are beyond its infrastructure and lack drainage systems, electricity and potable water. Recent development projects have been underway in St. Marc, with assistance and funding from USAID and IOM . They include: grading and paving roads, implementing a sewage/drainage system and providing access to potable water at various points throughout the larger town. In addition, a USAID project trained youth to map
2261-499: A rice pudding made with cinnamon, milk, sugar, and butter. Other Creole-named desserts include dous makos (Haitian fudge), dous kokoye (homemade coconut candy), pen patat (sweet potato bread), pen diri (rice bread), etc. Religious believers follow mostly Catholicism and Haitian Vodou . Both are prevalent throughout the country. Catholicism/Christianity is the most widespread and generally accepted religion in St. Marc. Most Haitians attend church on Sundays. Roman Catholicism
2380-504: A sense of urgency that only real life trauma can provide". The practice has elicited outcry from animal-rights groups. Some people choose goats as a pet because of their ability to form close bonds with their human guardians. Goats are social animals and usually prefer the company of other goats, but because of their herd mentality, they will follow their owner and form close bonds with them, hence their continuing popularity. Goats are similar to deer with regard to nutrition and need
2499-588: A significant number of UN personnel is present throughout the city as part of the stabilization mission in Haiti . Port-au-Prince various educational institutions, ranging from small vocational schools to universities . Influential international schools in Port-au-Prince include Union School , founded in 1919, and Quisqueya Christian School , founded in 1974. Both schools offer an American-style pre-college education. French-speaking students can attend
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#17327909926192618-465: A third of the country's national population. The city was catastrophically affected by a massive earthquake in 2010, with large numbers of structures damaged or destroyed. Haiti's government estimated the death toll to be 230,000. Gang violence is extensive, and kidnappings , massacres and gang rapes are common occurrences, often with the complicity of police officers and politicians. Port-au-Prince literally means "Prince's Port", but it
2737-440: A threat. He insisted upon control of the hospital, but the flibustiers refused, considering that humiliating. They proceeded to close the hospital rather than cede control of it to the governor, and many of them became habitans (farmers) the first long-term European inhabitants in the region. Although the elimination of the flibustiers as a group from Hôpital reinforced the authority of the colonial administration, it also made
2856-433: A very exciting and relaxing way. The shallower water is perfect snorkeling for non-divers. Port-au-Prince Port-au-Prince ( / ˌ p ɔːr t oʊ ˈ p r ɪ n s / PORT oh PRINSS ; French: [pɔʁ o pʁɛ̃s] ; Haitian Creole : Pòtoprens , [pɔtopɣɛ̃s] ) is the capital and most populous city of Haiti . The city's population was estimated at 1,200,000 in 2022 with
2975-411: A wide range of food, including things like hay , grain feed or pelleted grain mix, and loose minerals. Goats generally either inherit certain feeding preferences or learn them after birth. In classical myth , Amalthea is either a nymph who fed the infant god Jupiter with goat's milk, or the goat who suckled the infant. In another legend, the god broke one of the goat's horns, endowing it with
3094-505: A year, with an average yield of about 4.5 kg (10 lb). Goats have been used by humans to clear unwanted vegetation for centuries. They have been described as "eating machines" and "biological control agents". There has been a resurgence of this in North America since 1990, when herds were used to clear dry brush from California hillsides thought to be endangered by potential wildfires. This form of using goats to clear land
3213-403: A year. The Angora breed of goats produces long, curling, lustrous locks of mohair . The entire body of the goat is covered with mohair and there are no guard hairs. The locks constantly grow to four inches or more in length. Angora crossbreeds, such as the pygora and the nigora , have been created to produce mohair and/or cashgora on a smaller, easier-to-manage animal. The wool is shorn twice
3332-669: Is a genetic rarity. Unlike cattle, goats have not been successfully bred to be reliably polled , as the genes determining sex and those determining horns are closely linked. Breeding together two genetically polled goats results in a high number of intersex individuals among the offspring, which are typically sterile. Their horns are made of living bone surrounded by keratin and other proteins , and are used for defense, dominance, territoriality, and thermoregulation. Both male and female goats may have beards, and many types of goat (most commonly dairy goats, dairy-cross Boers , and pygmy goats ) may have wattles , one dangling from each side of
3451-477: Is a popular R&B artist. Zomò is one of the most popular singer at Saint-Marc. In 2014, he was featured in a song called Life goes on , which was called one of Haiti's best songs. Food plays a large role in the life of people in St. Marc. Meals are an important part of normal daily social interaction. For the most part, cooking is done outside to avoid overheating and moisture collection inside. Plantains, rice or pasta are staples of almost every meal. Seafood
3570-474: Is a species of goat-antelope that is mostly kept as livestock . It was domesticated from the wild goat ( C. aegagrus ) of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe . The goat is a member of the family Bovidae , meaning it is closely related to the sheep . It was one of the first animals to be domesticated, in Iran around 10,000 years ago. Goats have been used for milk , meat , wool , and skins across much of
3689-499: Is also consumed regularly. For instance, crab, dried cod and fresh fish are available. Goat is perhaps the most common meat, but chicken and beef are also consumed regularly. Spices and spicy peppers are used abundantly in Haitian cuisine, along with sugar. A significant amount of produce is grown locally, specifically bananas, plantains , mangoes, cherries, corn, manioc , rice, and tomatoes. The typical St. Marc resident consumes
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3808-591: Is also located in downtown Port-au-Prince at the Palace of Ministries, adjacent to the National Palace in the Champ de Mars plaza. The Haitian Group of Research and Pedagogical Activities (GHRAP) has set up several community centers for basic education. UNESCO 's office at Port-au-Prince has taken a number of initiates in upgrading the educational facilities in Port-au-Prince. A 2012 independent study found that
3927-491: Is also relatively common in unbred doelings of dairy breeds. Milk production varies with the breed, age, quality, and diet of the doe; dairy goats generally produce between 680 and 1,810 kg (1,500 and 4,000 lb) of milk per 305-day lactation . On average, a good quality dairy doe will give at least 3 kg (6 lb) of milk per day while she is in milk. A first-time milker may produce less, or as much as 7 kg (16 lb), or more of milk in exceptional cases. After
4046-603: Is considered the start of the “country”. Goats are rampant and can be seen roaming about the city streets. Many people in St. Marc also own cows or chickens. St. Marc is generally known for the hospitality of its residents, and comedy is popular pastime. Although St. Marc is known as the “pleasure city” as many young people reside here; the majority of people live in abject poverty and work extremely hard to make ends meet. There are three main types of music listened to in St. Marc: In St. Marc, many people also listen to popular American music. Popular Haitian groups have developed over
4165-419: Is good to eat, including cardboard, clothing and paper. The digestive physiology of a very young kid (like the young of other ruminants) is essentially the same as that of a monogastric animal. Milk digestion begins in the abomasum , the milk having bypassed the rumen via closure of the reticuloesophageal groove during suckling. At birth, the rumen is undeveloped, but as the kid begins to consume solid feed,
4284-420: Is important to make him attractive to the female. Some does will not mate with a buck which has been had the scent glands removed. Gestation length is approximately 150 days. Twins are the usual result, with single and triplet births also common. Less frequent are litters of quadruplet , quintuplet , and even sextuplet kids. Birthing, known as kidding, generally occurs uneventfully. Just before kidding,
4403-399: Is located on flat land close to the sea but its edges extend into the foothills. From these vantage points, the ocean is sometimes viewable. The city has a few parks, including Place Cite Nissage Saget. These parks are often populated by vendors. St. Marc is generally considered to be a safe place to live. About 60% of the population lives in the communal section, meaning outside of town. As
4522-440: Is located southwest of the city. The commune harbors many low-income slums plagued with poverty and violence in which the most notorious, Cité Soleil , is situated. However, Cité Soleil has been recently split off from Port-au-Prince proper to form a separate commune. The Champ de Mars area has begun some modern infrastructure development as of recently. The downtown area is the site of several projected modernization efforts in
4641-404: Is more strongly rooted in the rural areas, and this population is more reluctant to accept Western medicine. Saint Marc currently has two soccer teams playing in the Haitian professional football league Ligue Haïtienne . Baltimore Sportif Club and Tempête Football Club Commerce is the largest trade in St. Marc. Many find work as a merchant, either with their own stand in the market or at
4760-459: Is now eastern Venezuela . By the time Columbus arrived in 1492 AD, the region was under the control of Bohechio, Taíno cacique (chief) Xaragua. He, like his predecessors, feared settling too close to the coast; such settlements would have proven to be tempting targets for the Caribs , who lived on neighboring islands. Instead, the region served as a hunting ground. The population of the region
4879-444: Is one of the nation's largest centers of economy and finance. The capital exports its most widely consumed produce of coffee and sugar , and has, in the past, exported other goods, such as shoes and baseballs . Port-au-Prince has food-processing plants as well as soap , textile and cement factories. Despite political unrest, the city also relies on the tourism industry and construction companies to move its economy. Port-au-Prince
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4998-616: Is sometimes known as conservation grazing . Since then, numerous public and private agencies have hired private herds from companies such as Rent A Goat to perform similar tasks. This may be expensive and their smell may be a nuisance. This practice has become popular in the Pacific Northwest , where they are used to remove invasive species not easily removed by humans, including (thorned) blackberry vines and poison oak . Chattanooga, TN and Spartanburg, SC have used goats to control kudzu , an invasive plant species prevalent in
5117-450: Is the Boer goat , which sometimes may have up to eight teats. Goats are diploid with two sets of 30 chromosomes. Sheep and goats are closely related: both are in the subfamily Caprinae . However, they are separate species, so hybrids rarely occur and are always infertile. A hybrid of a ewe and a buck is called a sheep-goat hybrid . Visual differences between sheep and goats include
5236-417: Is the motorcycle ( mobylette ), due to the inexpensive maintenance and low gas consumption. Generally, people fit as many as four on a bike even though the mobylettes are designed for a maximum of two people. Bikes are another common source of transport. Cars are considered a luxury mode of transportation. St. Marc is known for being a blend of city and rural lifestyles. For many living in Port-au-Prince, it
5355-459: Is the birthplace of internationally known naïve artist Gesner Abelard , who was associated with the Centre d'Art . The Musée du Panthéon National Haïtien (MUPANAH) is a museum featuring the heroes of the independence of Haiti, the Haitian history and culture. On 5 April 2015, the construction of a new LDS Temple in Port-au-Prince was announced. Port-au-Prince is the only city anywhere in
5474-403: Is typically prepared on Sunday morning, the day dedicated to rest and devotion, as a weekly remembrance of the end of enslavement. It usually consists of several types of meat, potatoes, and carrots. Fresh fish, typically sole, is also consumed regularly. This fish is cooked over an open fire with a mayonnaise-based marinade mixed with various spices. ″Riz au lait″ is a common dessert, essentially
5593-399: Is unclear which prince was the honoree. A theory is that the place is named after Le Prince , a ship captained by de Saint-André which arrived in the area in 1706. However, the islets in the bay had already been known as les îlets du Prince as early as 1680, predating the ship's arrival. Furthermore, the port and the surrounding region continued to be known as Hôpital , named after
5712-511: The Chimera . The Capricorn constellation sign in the Western zodiac is usually depicted as a goat with a fish's tail. Fauns and satyrs are mythological creatures with human bodies and goats' legs. The lustful Greek god Pan similarly has the upper body of a man and the horns and lower body of a goat. A goatee is a tuft of facial hair on a man's chin , named for its resemblance to
5831-514: The Compagnie Nationale or National Railroad built a 100 km railroad north to Saint-Marc from the national capital of Port-au-Prince . The track was later extended another 30 km east to Verrettes . St. Marc is a large port town surrounded by mountains. At all times, there are many boats in the port, typically sail boats. The town was first settled in 1716, then located in the French colony of Saint-Domingue . The town
5950-596: The Presidential Palace was thrown into the first floor, and the domes skewed at a severe tilt. The seaport and airport were both damaged, limiting aid shipments. The seaport was severely damaged by the quake and was unable to accept aid shipments for the first week. The airport's control tower was damaged and the US military had to set up a new control center with generators to get the airport prepared for aid flights. Aid has been delivered to Port-au-Prince by numerous nations and voluntary groups as part of
6069-497: The Taíno . It was first incorporated under French colonial rule in 1749. The city's layout is similar to that of an amphitheater ; commercial districts are near the water, while residential neighborhoods are located on the hills above. Its population is difficult to ascertain due to the rapid growth of slums in the hillsides above the city; however, recent estimates place the metropolitan area's population at around 3.7 million, nearly
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#17327909926196188-542: The Yule goat ( Julbocken ) is a Scandinavian Christmas tradition. It originally denoted the goat that was slaughtered around Yule, now more often a goat figure made out of straw. It is used for the custom of going door-to-door singing carols and getting food and drinks in return, often fruit, cakes and sweets. The Gävle goat is a giant version of the yule goat, erected every year in the Swedish city of Gävle . In Finland
6307-466: The filibusters ' hospital. French colonial commissioner Étienne Polverel named the city Port-Républicain on 23 September 1793 "in order that the inhabitants be kept continually in mind of the obligations which the French Revolution imposed on them." It was later renamed back to Port-au-Prince by Jacques I , Emperor of Haiti. When Haiti was divided between a kingdom in the north and
6426-430: The rut , whereas rams do not. Goats are naturally curious. They are agile and able to climb and balance in precarious places. This makes them the only ruminant to regularly climb trees. These behaviours have made them notorious for escaping their pens by testing fences and enclosures. If any of the fencing can be overcome, goats almost inevitably escape. Goats are as intelligent as dogs by some studies. When handled as
6545-662: The 2010 earthquake, two hospitals remained that were operational. The University of Miami in partnership with Project Medishare has created a new hospital, L'Hôpital Bernard Mevs Project Medishare, to provide inpatient and outpatient care for those impacted by the January 2010 earthquake. This hospital is volunteer staffed and provides level 1 trauma care to Port-au-Prince and the surrounding regions. CDTI (Centre de Diagnostique et de Traitement Intégré) closed in April 2010 when international aid failed to materialize. It had been considered
6664-542: The Bible. A goat is considered a "clean" animal by Jewish dietary laws and a kid was slaughtered for an honored guest. It was also acceptable for some kinds of sacrifices. Goat-hair curtains were used in the tent that contained the tabernacle ( Exodus 25:4). Its horns can be used instead of sheep's horn to make a shofar . On Yom Kippur , the festival of the Day of Atonement, two goats were chosen and lots were drawn for them. One
6783-607: The Boer, to 20 to 27 kg (44 to 60 lb) for smaller does. Within each breed, different strains or bloodlines may have different recognized sizes. At the bottom of the size range are miniature breeds such as the African Pygmy, which stand 41 to 58 cm (16 to 23 in) at the shoulder as adults. Most goats naturally have two horns , their shape and size depending on the breed. There have been incidents of polycerate goats (having as many as eight horns), although this
6902-656: The English-speaking islands of the Caribbean , and in South Asia , the word ' mutton ' denotes both goat and sheep meat. However, some compare the taste of goat meat to veal or venison , depending on the age and condition of the goat. Its flavor is said to be primarily linked to the presence of 4-methyl octanoic and 4-methyl nonanoic acid . The meat is made into dishes such as goat curry , mutton satay , and capra e fagioli . Goats produce about 2% of
7021-821: The French language but also a secondary language in English. The State University of Haiti ( Université d'État d'Haïti in French or UEH), is located within the capital along other universities such as the Quisqueya University and the Université des Caraïbes . There are many other institutions that observe the Haitian scholastic program. Many of them are religious academies led by foreign missionaries from France or Canada . These include Institution Saint-Louis de Gonzague , École Sainte-Rose-de-Lima, École Saint-Jean-Marie Vianney, Institution du Sacré-Coeur, and Collège Anne-Marie Javouhey. The Ministry of Education
7140-637: The Lycée Français ( Lycée Alexandre Dumas ), located in Bourdon. Another school is Anís Zunúzí Bahá'í School north west of Port-au-Prince which opened its doors in 1980 which survived the 2010 Haiti earthquake and its staff were cooperating in relief efforts and sharing space and support with neighbors. A clinic was run at the school by a medical team from the United States and Canada. Its classes offered transition from Haitian Creole to
7259-489: The Spanish colonial administration, and in 1606, it decided to abandon the region. For more than 50 years, the area that is today Port-au-Prince saw its population drop off drastically, when some buccaneers began to use it as a base, and Dutch merchants began to frequent it in search of leather, as game was abundant there. Around 1650, French flibustiers , running out of room on the Île de la Tortue , began to arrive on
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#17327909926197378-515: The Spanish crown to dispatch Castilian soldiers to Hôpital to retake it. The mission proved to be a disaster for the Spanish, as they were outnumbered and outgunned, and in 1697, the Spanish government signed the Treaty of Ryswick , renouncing any claims to Hôpital. Around this time, the French also established bases at Ester (part of Petite Rivière ) and Gonaïves . Ester was a rich village, inhabited by merchants, and equipped with straight streets; it
7497-521: The airport road (Boulevard Toussaint-Louverture) and its adjoining connectors to the New ("American") Road via Route Nationale 1. This latter area in particular has been the scene of numerous robberies, carjackings, and murders. Goat Capra aegagrus hircus Linnaeus, 1758 Capra depressa Linnaeus, 1758 Capra mambrica Linnaeus, 1758 Capra reversa Linnaeus, 1758 The goat or domestic goat ( Capra hircus )
7616-943: The archaeological evidence that the wild bezoar ibex , found today in the Zagros Mountains , but formerly widespread in Anatolia , is the likely original ancestor of all or most domestic goats today. Neolithic farmers began to herd wild goats primarily for easy access to milk and meat, as well as to their dung, which was used as fuel; and their bones, hair, and sinew were used for clothing, building, and tools. The earliest remnants of domesticated goats dating 10,000 years Before Present are found in Ganj Dareh in Iran . Goat remains have been found at archaeological sites in Jericho , Choga Mami , Djeitun , and Çayönü , dating
7735-405: The area having been established, Ovando founded a settlement not far from the coast (west of Etang Saumâtre ), ironically named Santa Maria de la Paz Verdadera , which would be abandoned several years later. Not long thereafter, Ovando founded Santa Maria del Puerto . The latter was first burned by French explorers in 1535, then again in 1592 by the English. These assaults proved to be too much for
7854-549: The area such as Bohoma and Guahaba. It is understood that most of the plain area was used as hunting grounds. The Bahoruco mountain range in the north-east of Port-au-Prince was the scene of a Taino rebellion led by Enriquillo resulting in a treaty with the Spanish. Prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus , the island of Hispaniola was inhabited by the Taíno people, who arrived in approximately 2600 BC in large dugout canoes . They are believed to come primarily from what
7973-477: The bay had already been known as les îlets du Prince as early as 1680. Pirates eventually refrained from troubling the area, and various nobles sought land grants from the French crown in Hôpital; the first noble to control Hôpital was Sieur Joseph Randot. Upon his death in 1737, Sieur Pierre Morel gained control over part of the region, with Gatien Bretton des Chapelles acquiring another portion of it. By then,
8092-411: The beard of goats and the divided upper lip of sheep. Sheep tails hang down, even when short or docked , while the short tails of goats are held upwards. Sheep breeds are often naturally polled (either in both sexes or just in the female), while naturally polled goats are rare (though many are polled artificially). Males of the two species differ in that buck goats acquire a unique and strong odor during
8211-509: The capital of newly independent Haïti. When Jean-Jacques Dessalines was assassinated in 1806, Port-au-Prince became the capital of the mulatto -dominated south (Cap-Haïtien was the capital of the black -dominated north). It was re-established as the capital of all of Haiti when the country was unified again in 1820. During the American occupation of Haiti (1915–1934) , Port-au-Prince, garrisoned by American Marines and Haitian gendarmes ,
8330-399: The capital. Port-au-Prince has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Aw ) and relatively constant temperatures throughout the course of the year. Port-au-Prince's wet season runs from March through November with rainfall peaking from April to May and from August to October, with the city experiencing a relative break in rainfall during the months of June and July. The city's dry season covers
8449-458: The celebration, the cemetery becomes packed with people. Those who are celebrating make sacrifices of food for the spirits (mange lwa) and pour liquor on the gravestones among other festivities. The mayor of Port-au-Prince is Lucsonne Janvier, who succeeded Ralph Youri Chevry in July 2020. In 2023, Janvier's City Hall employees protested lack of salaries. The city's separate districts (primarily
8568-553: The center's domed roof. Another popular destination in the capital is the Hotel Oloffson , a 19th-century gingerbread mansion that was once the private home of two former Haitian presidents . It has become a popular hub for tourist activity in the central city. The Cathédrale de Port-au-Prince is a famed site of cultural interest and attracts foreign visitors to its Neo-Romantic architectural style. The Musée d'Art Haïtien du Collège Saint-Pierre contains work from some of
8687-475: The coast, and established a colony at Trou-Borded. As the colony grew, they set up a hospital not far from the coast, on the Turgeau heights. This led to the region being known as Hôpital . Although there had been no real Spanish presence in Hôpital for well over 50 years, Spain retained its formal claim to the territory, and the growing presence of the French flibustiers on ostensibly Spanish lands provoked
8806-428: The colonial administration was convinced that a capital needed to be chosen, in order to better control the French portion of Hispaniola ( Saint-Domingue ). For a time, Petit-Goâve and Léogâne vied for this honor, but both were eventually ruled out for various reasons. Neither was centrally located. Petit-Goâve's climate caused it to be too malarial , and Léogane's topography made it difficult to defend. Thus, in 1749,
8925-446: The country's crops were lost, according to reliefweb.org. Then, in 2012, Hurricane Sandy , while not making direct impact, resulted in 75 deaths, $ 250 million in damage and a resurgence of cholera that was estimated to infected 5,000 people. In 2016, Hurricane Matthew caused catastrophic damage across Haiti, and over 500 deaths were associated with the storm in Haiti alone, along with at least $ 3 billion in damages. The storm also caused
9044-693: The country's most talented artists, and the Musée National is a museum featuring historical artifacts such as King Henri Christophe 's actual suicide pistol and a rusty anchor that museum operators claim was salvaged from Christopher Columbus 's ship, the Santa María . Other notable cultural sites include the Archives Nationales, the Bibliothèque Nationale (National Library) and Expressions Art Gallery . The city
9163-419: The country's premiere hospital. The culture of the city lies primarily in the center around the National Palace as well as its surrounding areas. The National Museum is located in the grounds of the palace, established in 1938. The National Palace was one of the early structures of the city but was destroyed and then rebuilt in 1918. It was destroyed again by the earthquake on 12 January 2010 which collapsed
9282-561: The current developer. It is the site of a noted "Zombie hole", a 200-meters-deep reef that features large "Elephant Ears" fan coral , sponge tubes, black coral, blue tang, sea urchins, and many more. Near the beach are some of the region's noted historical sites, such as: the Palace with 365 doors and 52 windows in Petite Rivière de l'Artibonite ; the forts in Marchand Dessalines; the pilgrimage site of Saut d’Eau; and
9401-532: The devil is sometimes depicted as a goat. The Modern English word goat comes from Old English gāt "goat, she-goat", which in turn derives from Proto-Germanic * gaitaz (cf. Dutch / Frisian / Icelandic / Norwegian geit , German Geiß , and Gothic gaits ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰaidos meaning "young goat" (cf. Latin haedus "kid"). To refer to the male goat, Old English used bucca (cf. Dutch / Frisian bok , modern English buck ) until ousted by hegote , hegoote ('he-goat') in
9520-443: The different West African religions brought by slaves; the word Vodou is derived from an African word meaning spirit. It is the most widely practiced and considered the official religion of Haiti. Although a few devout Catholics denounce it, the majority of Haitians practice both religions simultaneously. Catholicism is syncretic and has absorbed elements of Vodou. The latter is often referred to for explaining and treating illness. Vodou
9639-475: The districts of Delmas , Carrefour , and Pétion-Ville ) are all administered by their own municipal councils. The seat of the state, the Presidential Palace , is located in the Champ de Mars, square plaza of the city. The PNdH ( Police Nationale d’Haïti ) is the authority governing the enforcement of city laws. The national police force as of recently, have been increasing in number. However, because of its ailing ineffectiveness and insufficient manpower,
9758-490: The doe will have a sunken area around the tail and hip, as well as heavy breathing. She may have a worried look, become restless and display great affection for her keeper. The mother often eats the placenta , which gives her much-needed nutrients, helps stanch her bleeding, and parallels the behavior of wild herbivores , such as deer, to reduce the lure of the birth scent for predators. Freshening (coming into milk production) usually occurs at kidding, although milk production
9877-502: The domestication of goats in Western Asia at between 8,000 and 9,000 years ago. DNA evidence suggests that goats were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Historically, goat hide has been used for water and wine bottles in both traveling and transporting wine for sale, and to produce parchment . Each breed of goat has specific weight ranges, which vary from more than 140 kg (310 lb) for bucks of larger breeds such as
9996-417: The fall as with the does' heat cycles. Bucks of equatorial breeds may show seasonal reduced fertility, but as with the does, are capable of breeding at all times. Rut is characterized by a decrease in appetite and obsessive interest in the does. A buck in rut displays flehmen lip curling and urinates on his forelegs and face . Sebaceous scent glands at the base of the horns add to the male goat's odor, which
10115-498: The homestead or village, while others are kept penned and fed in a 'cut-and-carry' system. This involves cutting grasses, maize or cane for feed rather than allowing the animal access to the field. The system is well suited for crops like maize that are sensitive to trampling. In 2022, there were more than 1,100 million goats living in the world, led by India with 150 million and China with 132 million, and followed by Nigeria with 88 million and Pakistan with 82.5 million. Over 93% of
10234-519: The household and especially leftover alcohol. In Finland the Nuuttipukki tradition is kept alive in areas of Satakunta , Southwest Finland and Ostrobothnia . Nowadays the character is usually played by children and involves a happy encounter. The goat is one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac . Several mythological hybrid creatures contain goat parts, including
10353-492: The lactation, the doe will "dry off", typically after she has been bred. Occasionally, goats that have not been bred and are continuously milked will continue lactation beyond the typical 305 days. Male lactation sometimes occurs in goats. Goats are reputed to be willing to eat almost anything. They are browsing animals, not grazers like cattle and sheep, and (coupled with their highly curious nature) will chew on and taste anything resembling plant matter to decide whether it
10472-457: The late 12th century. Nanny goat (adult female) originated in the 18th century, and billy goat (adult male) in the 19th century. Castrated males are called wethers . While the words hircine and caprine both refer to anything having a goat-like quality, hircine is used most often to emphasize the distinct smell of domestic goats. Goats are among the earliest animals to have been domesticated by humans. A genetic analysis confirms
10591-426: The meat of the goats, but takes care that all bones remain whole. Then he wraps the remains up, and in the morning, the goats always come back to life to pull the chariot. When a farmer's son who is invited to share the meal breaks one of the goats' leg bones to suck the marrow, the animal's leg remains broken in the morning, and the boy is forced to serve Thor as a servant to compensate for the damage. Possibly related,
10710-505: The metropolitan area estimated at a population of 2,618,894. The metropolitan area is defined by the IHSI as including the communes of Port-au-Prince, Delmas , Cité Soleil , Tabarre , Carrefour , and Pétion-Ville . The city of Port-au-Prince is on the Gulf of Gonâve : the bay on which the city lies, which acts as a natural harbor, has sustained economic activity since the civilizations of
10829-415: The mid-1990s. Goats are used to provide milk and specialty wools, and as meat and goatskin . Some charities provide goats to impoverished people in poor countries, in the belief that having useful things alleviates poverty better than cash. The cost of obtaining goats and then distributing them can however be high. The taste of goat kid meat is similar to that of spring lamb meat; in fact, in
10948-573: The murder rate in Port-au-Prince was 60.9 murders per 100,000 residents in February 2012. In the 22 months after the end of the President Aristide era in 2004, the murder rate for Port-au-Prince reached a high of 219 murders per 100,000 residents per year. High-crime zones in the Port-au-Prince area include Croix-des-Bouquets , Cité Soleil , Carrefour , Bel Air , Martissant, the port road (Boulevard La Saline), urban route Nationale 1,
11067-581: The neck. Goats have horizontal, slit-shaped pupils , allowing them to see well by both night and day, and giving them a wide field of vision on either side to detect predators, while avoiding being dazzled by sunlight from above. Goats have no tear ducts. Goats are ruminants . They have a four-chambered stomach consisting of the rumen , the reticulum , the omasum , and the abomasum . As with other mammal ruminants, they are even-toed ungulates. The females have an udder consisting of two teats, in contrast to cattle, which have four teats. An exception to this
11186-651: The population could not survive. Port-au-Prince has several upscale districts in which crime rates are significantly lower than in the city center. Port-au-Prince has a tourism industry. The Toussaint Louverture International Airport (referred to often as the Port-au-Prince International Airport) is the country's main international gateway for tourists. Tourists often visit the Pétion-Ville area of Port-au-Prince, with other sites of interest including gingerbread houses . There are
11305-504: The port of Saint-Marc. An experienced diver has described the diving at Amani-y as follows: The diving at Amani-y is remarkable and unique. On the east end of the beach, walking out to chest -high water brings you to a dramatic drop-off, a wall going down hundreds of meters. At about 120 feet, a series of giant sponges begins. Making this dive easy is the fact that to the immediate west, a gradual slope takes you up to 30 feet, then 15-20, then ten feet or less, so decompression can be done in
11424-588: The power to fill itself with whatever its owner wanted, making it the cornucopia or horn of plenty . The ancient city of Ebla in Syria contains a tomb with a throne decorated with bronze goat heads, now called "The Tomb of the Lord of the Goats". According to Norse mythology , the god of thunder, Thor , has a chariot that is pulled by the goats Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr At night when he sets up camp, Thor eats
11543-452: The region a more attractive target for marauding buccaneers . In order to protect the area, in 1706, a captain named de Saint-André sailed into the bay just below the hospital, in a ship named Le Prince . It is said that M. de Saint-André named the area Port-au-Prince (meaning "Port of the Prince"), but the port and the surrounding region continued to be known as Hôpital , but the islets in
11662-412: The region became a real French colony, the colonial administration began to worry about the continual presence of these pirates. While useful in repelling foreign pirates , they were relatively independent, unresponsive to orders from the colonial administration, and a potential threat to it. Therefore, in the winter of 1707, Choiseul-Beaupré , the governor of the region sought to get rid of what he saw as
11781-404: The remaining three months. Port-au-Prince generally experiences warm and humid conditions during the dry season and hot and humid conditions during the wet season. The population of the area was 1,234,742. The majority of the population is of African descent, but a prominent biracial minority controls many of the city's businesses. There are sizable numbers of residents, Asians , as well as
11900-448: The rumen soon increases in size and in its capacity to absorb nutrients. The adult size of a particular goat is a product of its breed (genetic potential) and its diet while growing (nutritional potential). As with all livestock , increased protein diets (10 to 14%) and sufficient calories during the prepuberty period yield higher growth rates and larger eventual size than lower protein rates and limited calories. Large-framed goats, with
12019-539: The régime headed by Anacaona. He invited her and other tribal leaders to a feast, and when the Amerindians had drunk a good deal of wine (the Spaniards did not drink on that occasion), he ordered most of the guests killed. Anacaona was spared, only to be hanged publicly some time later. Through violence, introduced diseases and murders, the Spanish settlers decimated the native population. Direct Spanish rule over
12138-480: The southeastern United States. Some countries' militaries use goats to train combat medics . In the United States, goats have become the main animal species used for this purpose after the Pentagon phased out using dogs for medical training in the 1980s. While modern mannequins used in medical training are quite efficient in simulating the behavior of a human body, trainees feel that "the goat exercise provide[s]
12257-454: The struggling country. Some observers think the struggle for survival for most families works against joint goals for the city and nation. Going to the beach is a popular activity for families and friends on the weekend. The most popular time to go is on Sunday after church. The most important beaches in St. Marc are Grosse Roche and Amani-y. Amani-y beach is a white sandy beach. It was abandoned for more than 25 years before being acquired by
12376-409: The surface. The soft hairs are the ones valued by the textile industry ; the material goes by names such as down, cashmere and pashmina . The coarse guard hairs are of little value as they are too coarse, difficult to spin and to dye. The cashmere goat produces a commercial quantity of fine and soft cashmere wool , one of the most expensive natural fibers commercially produced. It is harvested once
12495-466: The town on OpenStreetMap , a free, editable online map. There is a metal skeleton lighthouse located on Pointe de Saint-Marc, which was built in 1924. The way to get from the capital of Port-au-Prince through St. Marc is by means of Route Nationale # 1 (Haiti Highway 1), which extends all the way up to the coastal towns of Montrouis and Gonaïves, before reaching its terminus at the northern port of Cap-Haïtien. The most prevalent mode of transportation
12614-417: The tradition of Nuutinpäivä — St. Knut's Day , January 13—involves young men dressed as goats (Finnish: Nuuttipukki ) who visit houses. Usually the dress was an inverted fur jacket, a leather or birch bark mask, and horns. Unlike the analogues Santa Claus , Nuuttipukki was a scary character (cf. Krampus ). The men dressed as Nuuttipukki wandered from house to house, came in, and typically demanded food from
12733-748: The week. The Boulevard area houses a large flea market, with a variety of mostly second-hand items sold, including clothing, electronic equipment, shoes, toys, bicycles, etc. Many people from Port-au-Prince come to the markets in St. Marc because of the inexpensive costs. Retail bricks and mortar (or wooden) stores also exist in St. Marc. These include: pharmacies that sell medicinal products, open-air markets (marché) that sell food and many other types of goods, bakeries with wheat and cassava bread and various sweet baked goods, convenience stores, and magazins or specialty shops for such items as fabric, hardware, beauty salons and car parts. According to ARCHIVE Research: In general, people from St. Marc are classified as
12852-663: The wild (become feral) if given the opportunity. Feral goats have established themselves in many areas: they occur in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, the Galapagos and many other places. When feral goats reach large populations in habitats that provide unlimited water supply and do not contain sufficient large predators or are otherwise vulnerable to goats' aggressive grazing habits, they may have serious effects, such as removing native scrub and trees. Feral goats are extremely common in Australia, with an estimated 2.6 million in
12971-577: The world to have a main avenue named for American abolitionist hero John Brown . Another is named for another abolitionist hero, Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner . There is a celebration of Bawon Samdi and Gran Brigi called Fet Gede, which takes place from the Day of the Dead on 1 November through the third day of the month. This occurs in the national cemetery of Haiti. While celebrating, people wear Vodou white cotton clothing and purple headscarves. During
13090-564: The world's goats live in Africa and Asia. The top producers of goat milk in 2022 were India (6.25 million metric tons), Bangladesh (0.91 million metric tons), and South Sudan (0.52 million metric tons). As of 2015 , India slaughters 41% of 124.4 million goats each year. The 0.6 million metric tonnes of goat meat make up 8% of India's annual meat production. Approximately 440 million goats are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide, yielding 6.37 million metric tons of meat. Goats readily revert to
13209-413: The world's total annual milk supply. Dairy goats produce an average of 540 to 1,180 kg (1,200 to 2,600 lb) of milk during an average 284-day lactation . The milk can contain between around 3.5% and 5% butterfat according to breed. Goat milk is processed into products including cheese and Dulce de leche . Most goats have soft insulating hairs nearer the skin, and long guard hairs on
13328-685: The world. Milk from goats is often turned into cheese . In 2022, there were more than 1.1 billion goats living in the world, of which 150 million were in India. Goats feature in mythology, folklore, and religion in many parts of the world, including in the classical myth of Amalthea , in the goats that pulled the chariot of the Norse god Thor , in the Scandinavian Yule goat , and in Hinduism's goat-headed Daksha . In Christianity and Satanism,
13447-481: The years, such as Les Formidables. This group is no longer together as most members live overseas, but the group's music lingers in the culture. Virtuose is a very popular group in St. Marc. BC and Gwoup 703 are other popular Haitian groups. RapCreole is an emerging popular style among the youth. Typically this kind of rap uses rhythms typical of Haitian folk or popular music. Popular ‘RapKreyol’ artists include BC (Barikad Crew), Skwardy, Izolan, Fantom. Sebastien Pierre
13566-554: Was approximately 400,000 at the time, but the Taínos were gone within 30 years of the arrival of the Spaniards. With the arrival of the Spaniards, the Amerindians were forced to accept a protectorate , and Bohechio, childless at death, was succeeded by his sister, Anacaona , wife of the cacique Caonabo . The Spanish insisted on larger tributes. Eventually, the Spanish colonial administration decided to rule directly, and in 1503, Nicolas Ovando , then governor, set about to put an end to
13685-636: Was attacked twice by caco rebels . The first battle , which took place in 1919, was a victory of the American and Haitian government forces, as was the second attack in 1920. On 12 January 2010, a 7.0 earthquake struck Port-au-Prince, devastating the city. Most of the central historic area of the city was destroyed, including Haiti's prized Cathédrale de Port-au-Prince , the capital building, Legislative Palace (the parliament building), Palace of Justice (Supreme Court building), several ministerial buildings, and at least one hospital. The second floor of
13804-445: Was brought by the French colonists who settled Saint-Domingue; missionary priests and others worked to convert enslaved Africans. Some 60% of Haitians are practicing Catholics, sometimes combining it with elements of Vodou. Evangelical Protestant and Baptist churches are also common in St. Marc. The majority of residents are very involved in their church as centers of community and cultural identity. Vodou developed from combining of
13923-409: Was here that the governor lived. On the other hand, the surrounding region, Petite-Rivière, was quite poor. Following a great fire in 1711, Ester was abandoned. Yet the French presence in the region continued to grow, and soon afterward, a new city was founded to the south, Léogâne . While the first French presence in Hôpital, the region later to contain Port-au-Prince was that of the flibustiers ; as
14042-433: Was once a popular place for cruises, but has lost nearly all of its tourism, and no longer has cruise ships coming into port. Unemployment in Port-au-Prince is high, and compounded further by underemployment. Levels of economic activity remain prominent throughout the city, especially among people selling goods and services on the streets. Informal employment is believed to be widespread in Port-au-Prince's slums, as otherwise
14161-407: Was sacrificed and the other allowed to escape into the wilderness, symbolically carrying with it the sins of the community. From this comes the word " scapegoat ". In Matthew 25:31–46, Jesus said that like a shepherd he will separate the nations, rewarding the sheep, those who have shown kindness, but punishing the goats. The devil is sometimes depicted, like Baphomet , as a goat, making the animal
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