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63-515: Saint Clare School was founded in 1856 by the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur and is located adjacent to Santa Clara University (formerly Santa Clara College). In 1856 the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur who came to create one of the earliest school systems in California founded St. Mary's School to educate elementary age students in the parish. It was located next to Mission Santa Clara and

126-602: A Belgian and superior of a small mission at Falmouth , felt the urgent need of schools for poor, Catholic children. He asked and obtained from the Superior of the Sisters of Notre Dame at Namur a community of six sisters, and with these he opened a small school at Penryn in Cornwall . It continued only three years, however, as the place afforded no means of subsistence for a religious house. The Redemptorists having established

189-511: A child, needs curbing, as the Philosopher states". For many Jews , Christians , and Muslims , people should restrict their acts of a sexual nature to the context of marriage . For unmarried people, chastity is equivalent to sexual abstinence . Sexual acts outside of or apart from marriage, such as adultery , fornication , masturbation , and prostitution , are considered immoral due to lust . In many Christian traditions, chastity

252-636: A coercion Allah is certainly All-Forgiving, Most Merciful ˹to them˺. Chastity is mandatory in Islam. Sex outside legitimacy is prohibited, for both men and women, whether married or unmarried. The injunctions and forbiddings in Islam apply equally to men and women. The legal punishment for adultery is equal for men and women. The prophet's prescription to the youth was: "O young people! Whoever among you can marry, should marry, because it helps him lower his gaze and guard his modesty (i.e. his private parts from committing illegal sexual intercourse etc.), and whoever

315-586: A community of eight sisters for the girls' schools in the Jesuit mission of Zambezi , Mashonaland . An academy and free school were opened later at Kronstadt , Orange River Colony , South Africa . The King of Belgium created Mother Aimee de Jesus a Knight of the Order of Leopold , and Sister Ignatia was accorded a similar honor after fourteen years of labor in the Congo. During Aimee's generalate Mother Julie Billiart

378-669: A great reward. Because the sex desire is usually attained before a man is financially capable of marriage, the love to God and mindfulness of Him should be sufficient motive for chastity: And let those who do not have the means to marry keep themselves chaste until Allah enriches them out of His bounty. And if any of those ˹bondspeople˺ in your possession desires a deed of emancipation, make it possible for them, if you find goodness in them. And give them some of Allah’s wealth which He has granted you. Do not force your ˹slave˺ girls into prostitution for your own worldly gains while they wish to remain chaste. And if someone coerces them, then after such

441-423: A man and a woman. In addition to reserving sexual intimacy for marriage, we obey the law of chastity by controlling our thoughts, words, and actions. Jesus Christ taught, "Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery: but I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart" ( Matthew 5:27–28 )." Teachings of

504-515: A new building for the junior high school was built across Washington street from the school, next door to the St. Clare convent. After more than 150 years of ministry, the Sisters transferred control of the school to lay leadership staff in 1998. Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur The Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur (Congregationis Sororum a Domina Nostra Namurcensi) is a Catholic institute of religious sisters , founded to provide education to

567-595: A new convent for the teaching sisters located across from the school at 725 Washington Street in Santa Clara, freeing up more classroom space. This building is now the St. Clare Parish Offices. As the enrollment demand increased at Saint Clare, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco authorized the opening of nearby St. Martin School in 1955 and St. Justin School in 1958. On August 7, 1958

630-691: A second English mission at Clapham , near London , and having asked again for Sisters of Notre Dame for a school, the community of Penryn was transferred there in 1848. Through the initiative of Father Buggenoms the Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus , a community in the Diocese of Northampton , about fifty in number, were affiliated in 1852 to the Institute of Notre Dame, with the consent of the Bishop of Namur and Bishop of Northampton . Scarcely had

693-531: A sign for all peoples. screening herself off from them. Then We sent to her Our angel, ˹Gabriel,˺ appearing before her as a man, perfectly formed. She appealed, “I truly seek refuge in the Most Compassionate from you! ˹So leave me alone˺ if you are God-fearing.” He responded, “I am only a messenger from your Lord, ˹sent˺ to bless you with a pure son.” She wondered, “How can I have a son when no man has ever touched me, nor am I unchaste?” Extramarital sex

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756-548: A system of instruction based upon that of St. John Baptist de La Salle for the French Brothers of the Christian Schools. Mother St. Joseph was twice re-elected superior-general, the term being at first fixed at ten years. To give greater stability to the government of the institute, a general chapter unanimously approved extension to life-tenure for the office of superior-general. In 1819 a foundation for

819-508: Is chaste refrains from sexual activity that is considered immoral or from any sexual activity, according to their state of life. In some contexts, for example when making a vow of chastity , chastity means celibacy . The words chaste and chastity stem from the Latin adjective castus ("cut off", "separated", "pure"). The words entered the English language around the middle of

882-401: Is Sister Mary Johnson. In 2011 there were about 2000 SNDdeN sisters around the world. The Sisters founded and continue to administer schools in every continent. 41°53′19.91″N 12°24′11.13″E  /  41.8888639°N 12.4030917°E  / 41.8888639; 12.4030917 Chastity Chastity , also known as purity , is a virtue related to temperance . Someone who

945-699: Is at Amersfoort, Netherlands. Later in 1850, the political situation in Europe necessitated that the Amersfoort Sisters go to Coesfeld, Germany, to train two young women, Hilligonde Wohlbring and Elizabeth Kuhling, among others, according to the rule of St. Julie. The Sisters of Notre Dame of Coesfeld spread to America where they have large schools in Cleveland, Ohio , Covington, Kentucky , Toledo, Ohio , and Thousand Oaks, California . Mother St. Joseph died on February 9, 1838. The third superior-general

1008-546: Is expected, with extramarital sex and adultery being prohibited. The teachings of Buddhism include the Noble Eightfold Path , comprising a division called right action . Under the Five Precepts ethical code, upāsaka and upāsikā lay followers should abstain from sexual misconduct, while bhikkhu and bhikkhuni monastics should practice strict chastity. The Five Precepts of

1071-536: Is forbidden. The Quran says: Do not go near adultery. It is truly a shameful deed and an evil way. ˹They are˺ those who do not invoke any other god besides Allah, nor take a ˹human˺ life—made sacred by Allah—except with ˹legal˺ right, nor commit fornication. And whoever does ˹any of˺ this will face the penalty. Their punishment will be multiplied on the Day of Judgment, and they will remain in it forever, in disgrace. As for those who repent, believe, and do good deeds, they are

1134-445: Is not able to marry, should fast, as fasting diminishes his sexual power." Chastity is an attitude and a way of life. In Islam it is both a personal and a social value. A Muslim society should not condone relations entailing or conducive to sexual license. Social patterns and practices calculated to inflame sexual desire are frowned upon by Islam, such incitements to immorality including permissive ideologies, titillating works of art, and

1197-458: Is placed opposite the deadly sin of lust, and is classified as one of seven virtues . The moderation of sexual desires is also required to be virtuous. Reason, will, and desire can harmoniously work together to do what is good. As an emblem of inward chastity, some Christians choose to wear a cord, girdle or a cincture of one of the several Confraternities of the Cord or a purity ring . The cord

1260-456: Is strictly forbidden. However, it is encouraged to marry and live as a family unit to provide and nurture children for the perpetual benefit of creation (as opposed to sannyasa or living as a monk, which was, and remains, a common spiritual practice in India). A Sikh is encouraged not to live as a recluse, beggar, monk, nun, celibate, or in any similar vein. The Jain ethical code contains

1323-448: Is synonymous with purity . The Catholic Church teaches that chastity involves, in the words of cardinal bishop Alfonso López Trujillo , "the successful integration of sexuality within the person and thus the inner unity of man in his bodily and spiritual being", which according to one's marital status requires either having no sexual relationship, or only having sexual relations with one's spouse. In Western Christian morality, chastity

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1386-672: Is the Training College for Catholic School-Mistresses at Mount Pleasant , Liverpool , the direction of which was confided to the Sisters of Notre Dame by the government in 1856. The sisters who ran the Training College resided in what is now known as Notre Dame Catholic College in Everton valley . At the request of the Scottish Education Department , the Sisters led by Mary Lescher opened

1449-453: Is the sister school of the Jesuit -run boys' school Santa Clara Prep, now known as Bellarmine College Preparatory . In 1924 Saint Clare moved across the street into a brand new school building that housed Kindergarten through eighth grade. A Marble Plaque on the front of the school proclaims "DEO OPTIMO MAXIMO IN HONREM SANCTAE CLARAE XXI OCTOBRIS A.D. MCMXXIV DEDICATA" which translates to "To

1512-407: Is worn as a symbol of chastity in honour of a chaste saint whom the bearer asks for intercession. The purity ring is worn before holy matrimony by those who marry or for the rest of their lives by those who stay single. In marriage, the spouses commit to a lifelong relationship that excludes sexual intimacy with other persons. A third form of chastity, often called "vidual chastity", is expected by

1575-816: The Dowanhill Training College for Catholic School-Mistresses at Glasgow in 1895. A second convent in Scotland opened at Dumbarton in 1910. Pope Paul VI canonized St. Julie Billiart in 1969. With the inspiration of the Second Vatican Council , and with ecclesiastical approval, the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur updated their Constitutions in 1984. Their charism now, as then, is to make known God's goodness. The great variety of ways they do this includes spirituality programs, legal aid, job training, and simply going around greeting people to bring them comfort and joy. In 1992,

1638-474: The Netherlands was sought by Rev. F. Wolf, S.J. , but, on account of political difficulties, Mother St. Joseph could not grant it. She offered, instead, to train aspirants to the religious life. Accordingly, two came to Namur, passed their probation, made their vows, and returned to labor in their own country. This is the origin of the congregation of Sisters of Notre Dame of Amersfoort , whose mother-house

1701-570: The Sorbonne ). The first regular schools of the Sisters were opened in August 1806, with a rush of students. The urgent need of Christian education among all classes of society in France at the time, led the foundresses to modify their original plan of teaching only the poor and to open schools for the children of the rich also. A unique feature of St. Julie's educational system was to use revenue from

1764-612: The Synod of Elvira proscribed clergy from marrying. This was unevenly enforced until the Second Lateran Council in 1139 when it found its way into canon law . Unmarried deacons promise celibacy to their local bishop when ordained. Eastern Catholic priests are permitted to marry, provided they do so before ordination and outside monastic life. Vows of chastity can be taken either as part of an organised religious life (such as Roman Catholic Beguines and Beghards in

1827-473: The post-nominal letters SNDdeN (less often SNDN or SND). These should not be confused with the School Sisters of Notre Dame (SSND) of Bavarian origin. Founders were St. Julie Billiart and Marie-Louise-Françoise Blin de Bourdon , Countess of Gézaincourt, whose name as a Sister was Mother St. Joseph. Mlle Blin de Bourdon, who had received spiritual guidance from Julie for many years, defrayed

1890-498: The 13th century. Chaste meant "virtuous", "pure from unlawful sexual intercourse" or (from the early 14th century on) as a noun, a virgin, while chastity meant "(sexual) purity". Thomas Aquinas links castus (chastity) to the Latin verb castigo ("chastise, reprimand, correct"), with a reference to Aristotle 's Nicomachean Ethics : "Chastity takes its name from the fact that reason 'chastises' concupiscence, which, like

1953-593: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints also include that sexual expression within marriage is an important dimension of spousal bonding apart from, but not necessarily avoiding, its procreative result. The most famous personal example of chastity in the Quran is the Virgin Mary (Mariam) : And ˹remember˺ the one who guarded her chastity, so We breathed into her through Our angel, ˹Gabriel,˺ making her and her son

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2016-690: The Hierarchy been re-established in England when the Government offered education to the Catholic poor. The Sisters of Notre Dame devoted themselves to this work, under the guidance of Sister Mary of St. Francis (Hon. Laura M. Petre), who was to the congregation in England what Mother St. Joseph was to the whole institute. Before her death (June 24, 1886) eighteen houses had been founded in England. By 1910 there were twenty-one. Among these English houses

2079-657: The Indians of the Oregon Territory . Five years later these sisters, at the request of the Right Reverend Joseph S. Alemany , Archbishop of San Francisco , were transferred to San Jose, California . This first establishment on the Pacific Coast was followed in the course of time by ten others, which formed a separate province from Cincinnati. For thirty years Sister Marie Cornélia directed

2142-458: The Institute's academies to defray expenses at the free schools. The community lived under a provisional religious Rule based upon that which Saint Ignatius of Loyola wrote for the Jesuits , drawn up by Mother Julie and Fr. Varin and approved in 1805 by Jean-François de Mandolx (fr), Bishop of Amiens . A more permanent Rule was adopted in 1818 and it became the basis for various versions of

2205-650: The Rocky Mountains. In her 15 years as superior she founded 14 new convents, a large novitiate in Waltham, Massachusetts, and an orphanage in San Jose, California. A Connecticut province was founded and a numerous apostolates would be pursued in Baltimore. On February 22, 1847, a colony of eight sisters under the care of Right Reverend F.N. Blanchet and Fr. Peter De Smet , S.J., left Namur to labor among

2268-702: The Rule until 1968. At that time a total revision occurred guided by changes at the Second Vatican Council . A later update occurred in 1984. The first branch house was established at St. Nicholas , near Ghent . This, along with Mother Julie's five other foundations in France, were all temporary. Later and permanent foundations were made in Belgium : Namur , 1807, which became the motherhouse in 1809; Jumet , 1808; St. Hubert , 1809; Ghent, 1810; Zele , 1811; Gembloux and Andenne , 1813; Fleurus , 1814; and Liège and Dinant , 1816. Mother St. Joseph Blin de Bourdon ,

2331-536: The Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur established Notre Dame Mission Volunteers - AmeriCorps as a non-profit volunteer organization. In 2015 at the 175th anniversary of their arrival in the United States, the sisters there numbered 800, with an additional 400 in the South American and African missions. A video presentation of their history was made for the occasion. The current Congregational Leader

2394-480: The Sisters of Notre Dame, including Trinity College , Washington, D.C. , and a provincial house and novitiate at Cincinnati, Ohio. Sister Agnes Mary (b. 1840, d. 1910) made three foundations and built the first chapel dedicated to Blessed Mother Julie in America, a beautiful Gothic structure in stone at Moylan, Pennsylvania . In 1886 Sister Julia McGroarty succeeded as superior of the order’s American houses east of

2457-597: The assumption of the crown of Belgium by Leopold of Saxe-Gotha had put an end to petty persecutions of religious. The most important work of Mother St. Joseph's generalate was the compiling and collating of the Rules and Constitution of the Sisters of Notre Dame. She left an explanation of the Rules, the particular rule of each office, and the Directory and Customs. She had preserved a faithful record of all that Mother Julie had said or written on these points. She also drew up

2520-454: The bodies of Christians to be God's temple. Many Lutheran monks and Lutheran nuns practice celibacy, though in some Lutheran religious orders it is not compulsory. In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints chastity is very important: Physical intimacy between husband and wife is a beautiful and sacred part of God's plan for His children. It is an expression of love within marriage and allows husband and wife to participate in

2583-747: The co-foundress, was elected Superior General succeeding Saint Julie. During her generalate the institute passed through the most critical period of its existence, due to the persecution of religious institutes by William of Orange-Nassau , King of the Netherlands . Some of the measures adopted to harass and destroy all teaching institutes were to compel them to remain in status quo , to hold diplomas obtained only after rigid examinations in Dutch and French by state officials, and to furnish lengthy accounts regarding convents , schools , finances, and subjects. But Mother St. Joseph's tact and zeal for souls saved

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2646-402: The creation of life. God has commanded that this sacred power be expressed only between a man and a woman who are legally married. The law of chastity applies to both men and women. It includes strict abstinence from sexual relations before marriage and complete fidelity and loyalty to one's spouse after marriage. The law of chastity requires that sexual relations be reserved for marriage between

2709-502: The failure to inculcate sound moral principles in the young. At the heart of such a view of human sexuality lies the conviction that the notion of personal freedom should never be misconstrued as the freedom to flout God's laws by overstepping the bounds which, in his infinite wisdom, he has set upon the relations of the sexes. Chastity is highly prized in the Baháʼí Faith . Similar to other Abrahamic religions, Baháʼí teachings call for

2772-417: The following year. In 1841 Mother Constantine (Marie-Jeanne-Joseph-Collin, b. 1802, d. 1875) was elected. She governed the institute for thirty-three years. Her term of office was marked by the papal approbation of the Rule in 1844, the first mission to England in 1845, to California in 1851, and to Guatemala in 1859. Under Mother Aloysie (Therese-Joseph Mainy, b. 1817, d. 1888), fifth superior-general,

2835-411: The greatest and best God in honor of St. Clare. Dedicated October 21st, 1924." The following year Saint Clare Parish is built on the site of the original brick school next to Sodality Hall (later renamed St Clare Hall). Unfortunately, a fire in 1926 destroyed the original 96-year-old Mission Santa Clara. The school continued to grow and was in dire need of space. In 1952 school raised $ 138,000 to build

2898-726: The immediate expenses of founding the Congregation. At Amiens, August 5, 1803, they took a house in Rue Neuve. In the chapel of this house, at Mass on February 2, 1804, the two foundresses and their postulant , Catherine Duchatel of Reims , made or renewed their vow of chastity , to which they added that of devoting themselves to the Christian education of girls , further proposing to train religious teachers who would go wherever their services were requested. Victoire Leleu (Sister Anastasie) and Justine Garçon (Sister St. John) joined

2961-556: The indigenous Amazonian people in their struggle against the logging companies who took their land. Notre Dame Health Care Center in Worcester, Massachusetts , with roots dating back to 1900, has long been a leading health care facilitator. Peace and justice work has increasingly become a part of the sisters' efforts. It was through the Redemptorists that the Sisters of Notre Dame first went to England. Father de Buggenoms,

3024-560: The institute in America, failing health caused Sr. Louise's recall to Namur, where she worked until her death in 1866. The superiors who followed Louise found themselves after 1845 in charge of other houses founded east of the Rocky Mountains . Every year the sisters were asked for in some part of the country, and the mother-house of Namur gave generously of sisters and funds until the convents in America were able to supply their own needs. In this period fifteen houses were founded by

3087-738: The institute the same year. The Fathers of the Faith (a group founded for Jesuits during the Suppression of the Society of Jesus ) who were giving missions in Amiens sent to the sisters women and girls to be prepared for the sacraments . St. Julie assisted the Fathers in the neighboring towns. In Amiens, Mother St. Joseph Blin trained the novices and sisters with the assistance of (former Jesuit) Frs. Varin, Enfantin, and Thomas (a former professor in

3150-495: The institute. During his tour in 1829, King William visited the establishment at Namur and was so pleased that he gave the Mother General Dutch citizenship. She founded houses at Thuin , 1817; Namur Orphanage, 1823; Hospital St. Jacques, 1823; Verviers , 1827; Hospital d'Harscamp ; and Bastogne , 1836 – which had been for the past thirty years a state normal school; Philippeville , 1837. The Revolution of 1830 and

3213-489: The ones whose evil deeds Allah will change into good deeds. For Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. In a list of commendable deeds the Quran says: Surely ˹for˺ Muslim men and women, believing men and women, devout men and women, truthful men and women, patient men and women, humble men and women, charitable men and women, fasting men and women, men and women who guard their chastity, and men and women who remember Allah often—for ˹all of˺ them Allah has prepared forgiveness and

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3276-554: The past) or on an individual basis: as a voluntary act of devotion, or as part of an ascetic lifestyle (often devoted to contemplation ), or both. Some Protestant religious communities, such as the Bruderhof , take vows of chastity as part of the church membership process. Chastity is a central and pivotal concept in Roman Catholic praxis . Roman Catholic teaching regards chastity as essential in maintaining and cultivating

3339-477: The poor. The institute was founded in Amiens , France , in 1804, but the opposition of the local bishop to missions outside his diocese led to the moving of headquarters to Namur (in present-day Belgium ), in 1809 (then occupied by Napoleon ), from which it spread to become a worldwide organization. The Sisters now have foundations in five continents and in 20 countries. Members of the order are identified by

3402-604: The processes for the canonization of Mother Julie and Mother St. Joseph were begun in 1881; twenty houses of the institute were established – in Belgium, England, and America. Under Aloysie's successor, Mother Aimee de Jesus (Elodie Dullaert, b. 1825, d. 1907), the Sisters of Notre Dame, at the request of Leopold II of Belgium , took charge of the girls' schools in the Jesuit missions of the Congo Free State , where three houses were established. She also sent from England

3465-530: The province. In 1851 two foundations were made in Guatemala , Central America , under government auspices and with such an outburst of welcome and esteem from the people as reads like a romance. Twenty years later the forty-one Sisters of Notre Dame laboring there were expelled by the government. And each February the Sisters remember Sister Dorothy Stang who was assassinated in Brazil in 2005, for standing with

3528-546: The recently built Santa Clara College (1851) founded by the Jesuits . St. Mary's was later renamed Notre Dame Academy. The school started in the Forbes house located on the city block bordered by Lexington St, Santa Clara St, Lafayette St. and Washington St. The sisters also founded the College of Notre Dame, which split to become the present-day Notre Dame High School and Notre Dame de Namur University . Notre Dame High School

3591-462: The restriction of sexual activity to that between a wife and husband in Baháʼí marriage , and discourage members from using pornography or engaging in sexually explicit recreational activities. The concept of chastity is extended to include avoidance of alcohol and mind-altering drugs, profanity, and gaudy or immodest attire. Hinduism 's view on premarital sex is rooted in its concept of ashrama or

3654-537: The society for a period after the woman's husband dies. For example, Anglican Bishop Jeremy Taylor defined five rules in Holy Living (1650), including abstaining from marrying "so long as she is with child by her former husband" and "within the year of mourning". In the Roman Catholic Church, members of the consecrated life vow or promise celibacy as one of the evangelical counsels . In 306,

3717-455: The stages of life. The first of these stages, known as brahmacharya , roughly translates as chastity. Celibacy and chastity are considered the appropriate behavior for both male and female students during this stage, which precedes the stage of the married householder ( grihastha ). Sanyasis and Hindu monks or sadhus are also celibate as part of their ascetic discipline. In Sikhism , premarital or extramarital sex

3780-550: The unity of body with spirit and thus the integrity of the human being. It is also fundamental to the practise of the Catholic life because it involves an apprenticeship in self-mastery . By attaining mastery over one's passions, reason, will, and desire can harmoniously work together to do what is good. The theology of the body of the Lutheran Churches emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit , who sanctified

3843-408: The vow of brahmacarya (meaning "pure conduct"), which prescribes the expectations for Jains concerning sexual activity. Brahmacarya is one of the five major and minor vows of Jainism, prescribing slightly different expectations for ascetics and laypeople, respectively. Complete celibacy is expected only of Jain ascetics (who are also referred to as monks and nuns). For laypeople, chastity

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3906-405: Was Mother Ignatius (Therese-Josephine Goethals, b. 1800; d. 1842). Her services during the persecution under King William had been invaluable. Excessive toil, however, took their toll and she died in the fourth year of her generalate, but not before she had sent the first group of sisters to America in 1840. She was succeeded by Mother Marie Therese who, on account of ill-health, resigned her office

3969-566: Was solemnly beatified by Pius X , May 13, 1906. Mother Marie Aloysie was elected superior general in January 1908. In 1840 the first foundation in America was made at Cincinnati, Ohio , at the request of the Right Reverend John B. Purcell , then Bishop and later the first Archbishop of Cincinnati . Sister Louise de Gonzague was appointed superior of the eight sisters who arrived for this foundation. After firmly establishing

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