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70-743: The Saint John Free Public Library consists of three branches, the central branch in the Market Square complex, East Branch in the Saint John Transit Building, and West Branch in Lancaster Mall . All of these libraries are under the Fundy Library Region , which is headquartered in Market Square. St. John Mechanics' Institute was one of a series of Mechanic's Institutes that were set up around

140-406: A 2015 detail report on UK universities, Durham academic Vikki Boliver placed Oxford and Cambridge in the first tier, and included Heriot-Watt in the second tier made of the remaining 22 Russell Group universities and 17 other "pre-92" universities. In 2020, Heriot-Watt was ranked at 314 by QS World University Rankings and at 251–300 by Times Higher Education World University Rankings in

210-677: A Masters in Strategic Project Management jointly with Politecnico di Milano ( Italy ) and Umeå University ( Sweden ). Students in the program study at all three institutions over two years and at the conclusion receive degrees issued by all three. The program ranks number 11 in the Eduniversal Bests Masters Ranking and number 25 in the QS World University Rankings worldwide. The Student Union at Heriot-Watt

280-681: A charge of blasphemy. In Australia, the first mechanics' institute was established in Hobart in 1827, followed by the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts in 1833, Newcastle School of Arts in 1835, then the Melbourne Mechanics' Institute established in 1839 (renamed the Melbourne Athenaeum in 1872 ). From the 1850s, mechanics' institutes quickly spread throughout Victoria wherever a hall, library or school

350-778: A fashion communication course. It was ranked 11th place in the UK for art and design in the 2013 Complete University Guide, produced a winner and five other finalists for the Scottish Fashion Awards Graduate of the Year in June 2012. While the Scottish Borders Campus shares some facilities and administrative functions with Edinburgh, it is largely self-contained. As well as its own library, accommodation and catering facilities, it has its own branch of

420-635: A free public library in Saint John were initiated by the President of the Mechanics' Institute . 1877: Great Saint John Fire delayed plans for library. 1879: Colonel James Domville , member of council was actively involved in the procurement of a book collection for the use of the public library and to replace the collection destroyed by the fire. 1883: First tax supported public library in Canada,

490-481: A major £65 million film studio and a £2.5 million academic partnership with the oil and gas firm Total . However, in 2017 it was also announced that a major budget shortfall and the impact of Brexit would result in Heriot-Watt shedding 100 jobs by voluntary redundancies. Heriot-Watt currently has five campuses, and also runs distance learning programmes through 53 approved learning partners to students around

560-537: A quarterly subscription fee. This new model of technical educational institution gave classes for working men, and included libraries as well as apparatus to be used for experiments and technical education. Its purpose was to "address societal needs by incorporating fundamental scientific thinking and research into engineering solutions". The school revolutionised access to education in science and technology for ordinary people. The first mechanics' institute in England

630-471: A small number of postgraduate students and is host to eight members of research staff. Heriot-Watt is divided into six schools and one institute that coordinate its teaching and research: From 1 August 2016, the former School of Life Sciences was merged with other schools, with programmes transferred to the School of Management and Languages, the School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society and

700-784: A sports centre and a postgraduate centre on the site. The institution also expanded beyond Edinburgh, merging with the Scottish College of Textiles to create a campus in the Scottish Borders in 1998, and opening a campus in Dubai in 2006 and a campus in Putrajaya , Malaysia , in 2012. In recent years, the university's campus in Edinburgh has benefited from major infrastructural projects worth £60 million, with another £68 million worth investment announced. These include

770-420: A statue of James Watt outside the institution, local jeweller J.E Vernon proposed that "[a club should be formed] whose object would be to sup together on the anniversary of the birth of James Watt…and also to promote the interests of the School, by raising a fund each year to provide prizes. " Watt Club Medals are still awarded by the organisation each year to Heriot-Watt's most highly achieving students, while

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840-484: A transitional period for the organisation, as its curriculum broadened to include several subjects beyond mathematics and the physical sciences. While the School of Arts had catered almost exclusively to working-class artisans and technical workers, the Watt Institution admitted a large number of middle-class students, whom it attracted with new subjects in the sciences, social sciences and humanities. By 1885,

910-434: A week in rented rooms and it had a small library of around 500 technical works. It was also oversubscribed, with admissions soon closing despite the cost of 15 shillings for a year's access to lectures and the library. The school was managed by a board of eighteen directors and primarily funded by sponsors from the middle and upper classes, including Robert Stevenson and Walter Scott . It first became associated with

980-593: Is a student-led organisation headed by individuals elected from the student population. The association has represented students both locally and nationally since its foundation in 1966, and is a member of both the Edinburgh Students' Forum and the National Union of Students (NUS). It is also responsible for running the university's Student Union, which runs events for students and supports student societies. Over 50 societies currently exist, including

1050-766: Is also home to the Edinburgh Conference Centre and Europe's oldest research park, Heriot-Watt University Research Park which opened in 1971. The university's Institute of Petroleum Engineering is based at its Edinburgh campus. Heriot-Watt's Scottish Borders Campus in Galashiels is home to the university's School of Textile and Design. The school began life in 1883 when the Galashiels Manufacturer's Corporation began running classes in practical courses for its workers. The institution gradually grew both in terms of student numbers and

1120-609: Is the combined results of the three main UK university league tables – the Good University Guide (published by The Times and The Sunday Times ), The Guardian and The Complete University Guide . In the Table of Tables 2015, Heriot-Watt was placed 27th in the UK and 3rd in Scotland. It is ranked 28th in the UK by The Complete University Guide 2018 and 26th in the UK by The Guardian University League Table 2018. In

1190-537: Is the first 'green campus' in the country. It is situated in a lakeside location of 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 acres (1.9 hectares) offering undergraduate as well as master's degree. Heriot-Watt's campus in Stromness , Orkney , is home to the International Centre for Island Technology (ICIT), part of the university's School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society. The Campus provides education to

1260-921: Is the oldest school of arts still operating and the largest institute in Australia. Others in NSW include the Moruya Mechanics' Institute and the Scone School of Arts . In South Australia , the South Australian Institute (1838, then 1847–), was the forerunner of the State Library of South Australia , the South Australian Museum , and the Art Gallery of South Australia . The first institute in

1330-688: The Andersonian Institute in Glasgow. His fourth annual lecture attracted a crowd of 500, and became an annual occurrence after his departure for London in 1804, leading to the eventual formation on 16 October 1821 of the first mechanics' institute in Edinburgh , the Edinburgh School of Arts (later Heriot-Watt University ). Its first lecture was on chemistry , and within a month it was subscribed to by 452 men who each paid

1400-543: The Australian colonies ), were educational establishments originally formed to provide adult education , particularly in technical subjects, to working men in Victorian-era Britain and its colonies . They were often funded by local industrialists on the grounds that they would ultimately benefit from having more knowledgeable and skilled employees. The mechanics' institutes often included libraries for

1470-803: The Australian colonies , Mechanics' Institutes were often called Schools of Arts, and they were more likely to be run by the middle-classes. The provision of reading rooms, museums, lectures and classes were still important, but the Australian schools were also more likely to include a social programme in their calendar of events. The earliest and most prominent institute in Tasmania was Van Diemen's Land Mechanics' Institution , also known as Hobart Town Mechanics' Institute, Hobart (1827–1871), co-founded by George Augustus Robinson . The Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts (1833), in Sydney , New South Wales ,

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1540-578: The Government of Dubai . In 2021, the university relocated its Dubai campus to Dubai Knowledge Park . The new campus was officially opened by King Charles III on 30 November 2023, accompanied by Scotland ’s First Minister , Humza Yousaf . Heriot-Watt University Malaysia's purpose-built campus opened in Putrajaya in September 2014, £35 million was invested in the Malaysian campus, which

1610-531: The Robbins Report recommended that it should be awarded university status. On 1 February 1966 the recommendation was enacted, as the institution officially became Heriot-Watt University . The first personal chair was appointed in 1974. While Heriot-Watt continued to expand in the centre of Edinburgh after attaining university status, the institution had grown big enough that relocation was felt to be desirable. In 1966 Midlothian County Council gifted

1680-557: The UAE and Malaysia . Heriot-Watt was established as the School of Arts of Edinburgh (not to be confused with Edinburgh College of Art ) by Scottish businessman Leonard Horner on 16 October 1821. Having been inspired by Anderson's College in Glasgow , Horner established the school to provide practical knowledge of science and technology to Edinburgh's working men. The institution was initially of modest size, giving lectures two nights

1750-541: The colony of Victoria was the Melbourne Mechanics' Institute , created in 1839. It was renamed The Melbourne Athenaeum in 1872, and continues to operate a library, theatres and shops in the original building. Many mechanics' institutes, athenaeums, schools of arts and related institutions in the state of Victoria are well documented by the Mechanics' Institutes of Victoria, Inc., whose members range from

1820-757: The Brewing Society which organises an annual charity beer festival . In addition, the Student Union runs many services at the Edinburgh and Scottish Borders campuses including catering facilities, a nightclub, an advice centre and a student shop. The Student Union also works closely with the Heriot-Watt University Dubai Student Council and the Heriot-Watt University Malaysia Student Association. In 2018

1890-542: The Loch Lomond Mall. 1975: East Branch relocated to Westmorland Place. 1983: The library moved into new quarters in the Market Square harbour front complex. 1998: Automated circulation services was introduced. 2000: The Millennium Artplace was opened in the library lobby. Mechanic%27s Institutes Mechanics' institutes , also known as mechanics' institutions , sometimes simply known as institutes , and also called schools of arts (especially in

1960-550: The Mechanics' Institute. He was appointed director of the institute, which he had originally endowed with the sum of £3700, and held the office till his death in 1841. The London Mechanics' Institute (later Birkbeck College ) was opened in December 1823, and the mechanics' institutes in Ipswich and Manchester (later to become UMIST ) in 1824. By the mid-19th century, there were over 700 institutes in towns and cities across

2030-437: The Mechanics' Worldwide Conference, of representatives of, or people who have an interest in, mechanics' institutes. As of 2021, there have been five such conferences: Thousands of mechanics' institutes buildings still operate throughout the world, mostly now used as libraries, parts of universities, adult education facilities, and a few still use their original names and function as a society or other type of organisation. In

2100-701: The Perth Literary Institute. In Queensland , the Brisbane School of Arts was created in 1873, in a former servants' home. The building was added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992. Over time, as local and state governments started providing libraries, community centres and other types of educational facilities, mechanics' institutes became less important in communities. (alphabetical order by town or city) In addition, each state and territory in

2170-459: The Riccarton estate north of Currie to the university, and in 1969 work began on transforming the site into a future campus. The process of relocation to Riccarton continued until 1992, with teaching and facilities divided between the new campus and the city centre until then. The university has continued to grow after completing its move to Riccarton, constructing additional student halls,

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2240-887: The Saint John Free Public Library opened in the City Market on Charlotte Street. 1885: The library moved to the Masonic Temple building on Germain Street where it remained for 19 years. 1904: Thanks to a $ 50,000 donation from the American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, a new library building opened on Hazen Avenue. 1912: The card catalogue first started being used. 1915: Story hours for children were inaugurated. 1967: West Branch opened in Lancaster Mall. 1968: East Branch opened in

2310-511: The School of Arts moved to leased accommodation on Adam Square, which it purchased in 1851 with funds raised in Watt's name. In honour of the purchase, the School changed its name to the Watt Institution and School of Arts in 1852. The statue of Watt was added in front of the Adam Square school in 1854 and has since moved as the premises moved. Heriot-Watt's time as the Watt Institution marked

2380-419: The School of Engineering and Physical Sciences. Heriot-Watt University was named International University of the Year by The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2018. Heriot-Watt is known for the strong prospects of its students, with 80% in graduate-level jobs or further study six months after leaving the institution. In 2011, Heriot-Watt was named as The Sunday Times Scottish University of

2450-526: The Student Union which runs events on the site and is home to a collection of textile records and artefacts. A new £12M student village opened at the Campus in September 2012. The entire campus is shared with Borders College , whose students make up the majority of those who study at the site. Marillion 's 1985 song Kayleigh was inspired by an SCT student, and refers to the snow and college halls of Galashiels. Heriot-Watt's Dubai campus opened in 2005. It

2520-475: The Trust continued to pay Heriot-Watt a fixed sum each year, from then on the college was responsible for managing its own financial affairs. Heriot-Watt continued to expand after becoming independent, opening a new extension in 1935. Both World Wars impacted on the speed of the college's expansion. During World War I , student numbers dropped as young men joined the army, while teaching in engineering stalled as

2590-551: The UK and overseas, some of which became the early roots of other colleges and universities. For example, the University of Gloucestershire , has the Cheltenham Mechanics' Institute (1834) and Gloucester Mechanics' Institute (1840) within its history timeline. It was as a result of delivering a lecture series at the Cheltenham Mechanics' Institute that the radical George Holyoake was arrested and then convicted on

2660-460: The UK's first purpose-built graduate centre (£6 million), Scotland's elite Oriam Sports Performance Centre facility (£33 million), and the UK's first FlexBIO flexible downstream bioprocessing centre (£2 million). It is also constructing a 5,000 m Watt Innovation Building supporting Global Research, Innovation and Discovery [GRID] to boost 'creativity and ideas generation' on the university's growing Edinburgh campus. The university has plans to host

2730-563: The US has at least one land grant university that includes a college of agriculture and a college of engineering, as provided for by the Morrill Land-Grant Acts to teach agriculture, military tactics, and the mechanic arts as well as classical studies. Edinburgh School of Arts Heriot-Watt University ( Scottish Gaelic : Oilthigh Heriot-Watt ) is a public research university based in Edinburgh , Scotland . It

2800-498: The Universities (Scotland) Act of 1889. The decision to admit women was made in large part owing to pressure from local campaigner Mary Burton , who later became the institution's first female director in 1874. In 1870, the Watt Institution was forced to move when Adam Square was demolished. After a brief period on Roxburgh Place, it relocated to the newly constructed Chambers Street near its former site. The move caused

2870-485: The Watt Club Prize is awarded by The Watt Club Council to recognise student initiative and enterprise. After the establishment of Heriot-Watt as a technical college, the new management committee set about extending the institution's buildings and strengthening its academic reputation. In its new form the college was one of only three non-university institutions in the UK with the power to appoint professors, and

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2940-477: The Year 2011–2012, with the paper emphasising the employability of the institution's graduates. In 2012, it was again Scottish University of the Year 2012–2013 for the second year running, and also became UK University of the Year for student experience. The same year it came 1st in Scotland and 4th in the UK in the 2012 National Student Survey . Times Higher Education ' s 'Table of Tables'

3010-459: The adult working class , and were said to provide them with an alternative pastime to gambling and drinking in pubs. Many of the original institutes included lending libraries , and the buildings of some continue to be used as libraries. Others have evolved into parts of universities, adult education facilities, theatres, cinemas, museums, recreational facilities, or community halls. Few are still referred to as mechanics' institutes, but some retain

3080-491: The demand and need for members to use the books. Some mechanics' institutes also offered a programme from the arts; Wisbech Mechanics' institute booked Mrs Butler to give readings from Shakespeare 's plays and Milton 's Paradise Lost to audiences of nearly a thousand. G. Jefferson explains: The first phase, the Mechanics Institute movement, grew in an atmosphere of interest by a greater proportion of

3150-415: The department was used for the manufacture of shells and munitions. During World War II , student numbers dropped again and the electrical engineering department became involved in training the armed services in the use of radar . After the college introduced a postgraduate award in 1951, it offered awards equivalent to university degrees and doctorates in all practical respects. Recognising this, in 1963

3220-400: The first of these was appointed in 1887. In 1902 the college became a central institution , while in 1904 it introduced awards for graduating students which were similar to university degrees. Expansion meant that the college made increasing demands on George Heriot's Trust throughout the first part of the 20th century, which ultimately led to the independence of the two bodies in 1927. While

3290-488: The following rankings: 2nd (of 34) – Building education, 17th (of 104) – Accounting and Finance, 15th (of 81) – Art and Design, 14th (of 30) – Chemical Engineering, 23rd (of 60) – Chemistry, 1 (of 56) – Civil Engineering, 25th (of 110) – Computer Science, 22nd (of 77) – Economics, 23rd (of 68) – Electrical Engineering, 15th (of 72) – Mathematics, 14th (of 69) – Mechanical Engineering, and 25th (of 48) – Physics and Astronomy. The university has been constantly ranked among

3360-418: The inadequate old apprentice system and threw into relief the connection between material advancement and the necessity of education to take part in its advantages. Across the world, there is a move to sustain and revive mechanics' institutes and related institutions as subscription libraries , sometimes incorporating or expanding their earlier functions. There have been several worldwide conferences, known as

3430-438: The institution for 2022–23 was £259.5 million of which £33 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £266.7 million. Known for its focus on science as well as engineering, it is one of the 23 colleges that were granted university status in the 1960s, and it is sometimes considered a plate glass university , like Lancaster and Warwick . The university has three campuses in Scotland and one each in

3500-424: The institution severe financial difficulties, which were compounded by a combination of declining funds from subscribers and increased costs from its growing student body. In 1873, the directors turned to George Heriot 's Trust for support and agreed to a merger of the Trust's endowment with the institution's own. The proposed merger was provisional to changes in the structure of the Watt Institution, which would see

3570-554: The inventor and engineer James Watt in 1824, as a means of raising funds to secure permanent accommodation. Justifying the association, School Director Lord Cockburn said: "[The building] shall be employed for the accommodation of the Edinburgh School of Arts; whereby the memory of Watt may forever be connected with the promotion, among a class of men to which he himself originally belonged, of those mechanical arts from which his own usefulness and glory arose. " In 1837,

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3640-483: The name and focus as centre of intellectual and cultural advancement. A 21st-century movement, originating in Victoria, Australia , has organised a series of conferences known as Mechanics' Institutes Worldwide Conferences, at which information and ideas for the future of mechanics' institutes are discussed. The foundations of the movement which created mechanics' institutes were in lectures given by George Birkbeck at

3710-465: The number of courses it offered, and it ultimately became known as the Scottish College of Textiles in 1968. In 1998 the college merged with Heriot-Watt, leading to the creation of the School of Textiles and Design in its modern form. The school is one of the few fashion schools in the world which offers a menswear course at bachelor's degree level, and the only school in Scotland to offer

3780-568: The number of students to study for a Heriot-Watt degree in the city. In April 2019, Heriot-Watt's Dubai campus was crowned 'Best University' in the Middle East at the first ever Forbes Middle East Higher Education Awards. The campus received a five-star rating for three consecutive years in 2019, 2020 and 2021 from the Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA), the supreme educational quality assurance and regulatory authority of

3850-402: The organisation become a technical college with representatives of the Trust in management positions. Accepting these changes, the Watt Institution officially became Heriot-Watt College in 1885 and was subsequently on far firmer financial ground. The Watt Club was founded at the Watt Institution on 12 May 1854, and is today the oldest alumni organisation in the UK. Following the unveiling of

3920-433: The population in scientific matters revealed in the public lectures of famous scientists such as Faraday. More precisely, as a consequence of the introduction of machinery a class workmen emerged to build, maintain and repair, the machines on which the blessing of progress depended, at a time when population shifts and the dissolving influences of industrialization in the new urban areas, where these were concentrated, destroyed

3990-429: The skilled working class were no longer the majority in an institution that had been created explicitly for them. A shifting class make-up was not the only demographic change to affect the student body: in 1869 women were permitted to attend lectures for the first time. This move put the Watt Institution some way ahead of Scottish universities , who were only permitted to allow women to graduate 20 years later following

4060-664: The top 10 universities in UK for Building education since 2010. As of February 2017, approximately 13,700 students are enrolled at one of Heriot-Watt's campuses: 66.6% in Scotland, 24.2% in Dubai and 9.2% in Malaysia. In the Scotland campus, the university has a female:male ratio of 41:59. Under the framework of the European Education system and as part of the Erasmus Mundus program Heriot-Watt University offers

4130-442: The university is ranked highly for Planning and Building education. In 2019, the university was ranked 4th in UK and 1st in Scotland for Town & Country Planning and Landscape Design by The Complete University Guide . It was also ranked 9th in UK and 1st in Scotland for Building and Town & Country Planning by The Guardian in the same year. In the 2019 The Complete University Guide national subject rankings Heriot-Watt had

4200-426: The well-resourced Melbourne Athenaeum to the tiny Moonambel Mechanics' Institute in Moonambel . In the following decades, almost every town in Victoria had a mechanics' institute, usually including a hall, library and reading rooms, games facilities, and both educational programs and entertainment. The first Western Australian institute was the Swan River Mechanics' Institute , established in 1851, later renamed

4270-427: The world after being popularized in Britain. It housed a subscription library that allowed members who paid a fee to borrow books. The Mechanic's Institutes libraries eventually became public libraries after the establishment of free libraries. 1811: New Brunswick's very first library opened in Saint John in 1811 operated on a subscription basis with a fee being charged for the use of the collections. 1874: Plans for

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4340-424: The world. Beyond a lending library , mechanics' institutes also provided lecture courses, laboratories, and in some cases contained a museum for the members' entertainment and education. The Glasgow Institute, founded in 1823, not only had all three, it was also provided free light on two evenings a week from the local gas light company . The London Mechanics' Institute installed gas illumination by 1825, revealing

4410-403: The world. Heriot-Watt's main campus is located in Riccarton in South West Edinburgh on 380 acres (150 hectares) of parkland. The campus consists of: academic buildings, student residences, a postgraduate centre, shops, several library collections, childcare, healthcare, a chaplaincy, a variety of recreational and sports facilities, and a museum, as well as the Student Union's main premises. It

4480-539: The world. It was ranked 243rd in the world for engineering and technology by QS Rankings in 2019. It was ranked 143rd in the world for technical sciences in 2018 by Round University Ranking . In 2017, Business Insider ranked Heriot-Watt the 3rd best UK university to study economics. It was ranked among 201-250 globally for Business and Economics by Times in 2019. In 2018, ARWU ranked Heriot-Watt globally among 51–75 for Telecom Engineering and 101–150 for Civil Engineering, Mathematics and Oceanography. Nationally,

4550-406: Was established in 1821 as the School of Arts of Edinburgh, the world's first mechanics' institute , and was subsequently granted university status by royal charter in 1966. It is the eighth-oldest higher education institution in the United Kingdom . The name Heriot-Watt was taken from Scottish inventor James Watt and Scottish philanthropist and goldsmith George Heriot . The annual income of

4620-423: Was needed. Over 1200 mechanics' institutes were built in Victoria and just over 500 remain today, and only six still operate their lending library services. The Industrial Revolution created a new class of reader in Britain by the end of the 18th century, "mechanics", who were civil and mechanical engineers in reality. The Birmingham Brotherly Society was founded in 1796 by local mechanics to fill this need, and

4690-545: Was opened at Liverpool in July 1823. The second institute in Scotland was incorporated in Glasgow in November 1823, built on the foundations of a group started by Birkbeck. Under the auspices of the Andersonian Institute , where Birkbeck had been chair of natural philosophy from 1799 to 1804 and instituted free lectures on arts, science and technical subjects from 1800. This mechanics' class continued to meet after he moved to London in 1804, and in 1823 they decided to formalise their organisation by incorporating themselves as

4760-468: Was the Birmingham Artisans' Library, formed in 1823. Some mechanics' libraries lasted only a decade or two, and many eventually became public libraries or (in the United States) were given to local public libraries after the Public Libraries Act 1850 passed. Though use of the mechanics' libraries was limited, the majority of the users were favourable towards the idea of free public libraries. However, by 1900 there were over 9,000 mechanics institutes around

4830-418: Was the first British university to set up in Dubai International Academic City. Offering a range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses similar to those found in Scotland, the campus facilitates student exchanges between Britain and the Gulf Emirates . It has facilities including a library, computer laboratory, cafes and restaurants. An expanded campus opened in the city on 3 November 2011, allowing double

4900-465: Was the forerunner of mechanics' institutes, which grew in England to over seven hundred in number by 1850. Small tradesmen and workers could not afford subscription libraries, so for their benefit, benevolent groups and individuals created mechanics' institutes that contained inspirational and vocational reading matter, for a small rental fee. Later popular non-fiction and fiction books were added to these collections. The first known library of this type

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