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15-528: The seafront location was part of the commune of Ollioules . In the 16th century the seigneur established a fishing village here, clustered around the medieval watchtower, under the protection of " Sanct Nazari " of Lérins Abbey . The port was constructed and the harbour deepened in the mid-16th century. The little fishing port known in the Provençal dialect of Occitan (or in Provençal if considered as

30-417: A distinct language) as Sant Nazari , later Sant Nàri , contracted later on as Sanàri , was finally granted its independence from Ollioules by Louis XIV of France on 10 July 1688. On 12 November 1890 it officially received its Francised name, Sanary , which was formalised and distinguished as " sur-Mer " ("on Sea") on 27 July 1923. As a tourist rendezvous, the village underwent a strong decade of growth in

45-535: Is in a 13th-century Romanesque tower made available by the municipality; it bills itself as an historical city of diving. Frédéric Dumas was a co-inventor with Cousteau of the aqua-lung . Sanary was the birthplace of Ernest Blanc (1923–2010), a distinguished operatic baritone who enjoyed a long international career. Sanary hosts every year during the month of May the prestigious international photography festival PHOTOMED, now also held in parallel in Beirut. With

60-466: The Auschwitz concentration camp , the memorial was inaugurated by French Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault . Elie Wiesel , Simone Veil and Serge Klarsfeld visited and praised the memorial. The Memorial also includes the sculpture, " They will never be forgotten: Serge and Beate Klarsfeld, and Marceline Kogan " by Hal Goldberg. In 1995, a movie entitled Les Milles commemorating this camp and

75-557: The Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France . It is a western suburb of Toulon . Ollioules is twinned with: This Var geographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Camp des Milles The Camp des Milles [kɑ̃ de mil] was a French internment camp , opened in September 1939, in a former tile factory near the village of Les Milles , part of

90-697: The Rhône Valley, which brings low humidity around 20%, gusts up to 130 km/h (81 mph), cool temperatures, sun and deep blue skies. Wind is near gale force or higher on average 115 days per year (storm force eight days per year), making Sanary a favourite destination for windsurfers. Jacques Cousteau had a house in Sanary, the Villa Baobab. He was a pioneer of deep sea diving equipment, which he invented and developed around Sanary. The Frédéric Dumas International Diving Museum (Musée Frédéric-Dumas)

105-973: The commune of Aix-en-Provence ( Bouches-du-Rhône ). In October 2015, the site was chosen by UNESCO as the headquarters for its new Chair of Education for Citizenship, Human Sciences and Shared Memories. The camp was first used to intern Germans and ex-Austrians living in the Marseille area, and by June 1940, some 3,500 artists and intellectuals were detained there. Inmates included men of letters such as Fritz Brugel , Lion Feuchtwanger , William Herzog, Alfred Kantorowicz , Golo Mann , Walter Hasenclever , scientists such as Nobel Prize laureate Otto Fritz Meyerhof , as well as musicians and painters such as Erich Itor Kahn , Hans Bellmer , Max Ernst , Hermann Henry Gowa , Gustave Herlich , Max Lingner , Ferdinand Springer , Franz Meyer , Jan Meyerowitz , Peter Lipman-Wulf, François Willi Wendt and Robert Liebknecht . Between 1941 and 1942 Le Camp des Milles

120-458: The liberation of France , the whole episode went ignored until the 1990s when, perhaps thanks to the increasing number of tourists from Germany, a commemorative plaque was unveiled, and literary itineraries were signposted. Sanary-sur-Mer is twinned with: Ollioules Ollioules ( French pronunciation: [ɔljul] ; Occitan : Oliulas ) is a commune in the Var department in

135-586: The 1980s. Sanary-sur-Mer's coastline has a number of small beaches; it is an active village all year round, unlike most small towns on the Mediterranean coast. Sanary-sur-Mer is one of the sunniest places in France, with an average of only 61 days of rain, mostly in winter, as well as major solar radiation (6,156 MJ/m2/yr), comparable to Sicily . It is regularly swept by the Mistral , a strong wind coming from

150-659: The events that took place in this camp at the time of the Armistice in June 1940 was made. On 8 October 2015, UNESCO launched its new Chair for Education for Citizenship, Human Sciences and Shared Memories at the Camp des Milles in the presence of French President François Hollande . The Chair will focus on research and activism centered on the history of the Holocaust, citizenship and the prevention of genocide. According to Hollande,

165-487: The family home, the nation, church and parliament, a desert and a place of pilgrimage, cradle of illusions and their cemetery... In exile, the café is the one place where life goes on." With the declaration of war in 1939, the French government treated these exiles as enemy aliens and interned some of them in camps like the concentration Camp des Milles near Aix-en-Provence, and eventually some were sent to Auschwitz . After

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180-1038: The rise of Nazism in the early 1930s, a great number of German writers and intellectuals left Germany and settled here: the playwright Bertold Brecht , Egon Erwin Kisch , Thomas Mann , Ludwig Marcuse , Joseph Roth , Franz Werfel and his wife Alma Mahler widow of Gustav Mahler at Le Moulin Gris (near the Chapelle Notre-Dame-de-Pitié), Lion Feuchtwanger at Villa Lazare then at Villa Valmer, and Arnold Zweig . Patronised by Jean Cocteau and his coterie, Sanary had already drawn Aldous Huxley , who wrote Brave New World at Villa Huley, and his wife, Maria; they attracted other English visitors, such as D. H. Lawrence and his wife, Frieda; Julian Huxley and his wife, Juliette; and others. The German expatriates clustered around Thomas Mann and his large family, his brother Heinrich and his wife (the model for Blue Angel ),

195-568: The writers Stefan Zweig and Arnold Zweig , the art critic Julius Meier-Graefe , and the artist René Schickele . Sybille von Schoenebeck (later, as Sybille Bedford , the author of A Legacy ) lived here with her mother. Ludwig Marcuse in his book "Mein Zwanzigstes Jahrhundert" (p. 160) wrote about Sanary: " Wir wohnten im Paradies – notgedrungen ", meaning "We lived in paradise – against our will". "If one lives in exile," wrote Hermann Kesten , "The café becomes at once

210-541: Was briefly re-opened in 1946 as a factory. Since 1993, the site has served as a World War II memorial. The "Fondation du camp des Milles: mémoire et éducation" (Foundation of the Camp des Milles: Memory and Education) is directed by Alain Chouraqui, a researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research . On September 10, 2012, seventy years after the last train left from Les Milles to

225-573: Was used as a transit camp for Jews, mainly men. Women were at the Centre Bompard in Marseille, while they waited for their visas and authorisations to emigrate. As emigration became impossible, Les Milles became one of the centres de rassemblement before deportation. About 2,000 of the inmates were shipped off to the Drancy internment camp on the way to Auschwitz . After the war, the site

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