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35-466: Schöckl (also spelt Schöckel ) is a mountain in the Austrian state of Styria . It is about 14 km north of the city center of Graz , the capital of Styria. There is a cableway to the summit from the nearby health resort of St Radegund . In 1931, the rocket designer Friedrich Schmiedl began a rocket mail service here, launching rockets to St Radegund. Schöckl Transmitter is situated on

70-541: A short fight with German-Austrian paramilitary units, the current border was established, acknowledged by the provisional Styrian assembly at Graz . By December 1918, all of Lower Styria was de facto included in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes . A protest by German-speaking Marburg citizens resulted in the Marburg Bloody Sunday , when 13 people were killed and about 60 wounded. Confirmed by

105-569: A ÖVP candidate. In the 2021 municipal election in Graz, the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) surprisingly took over first place from the ÖVP, thus pushing long-time mayor Siegfried Nagl (ÖVP) out of office. The result was noted internationally. Elke Kahr led the KPÖ for a third time in the 2021 Graz local election . Despite opinion polling suggesting a victory for the ruling ÖVP, the KPÖ became

140-536: Is the Prlekija subregion, which is still widely considered part of the region. The name Štajerska disappeared from official use in 1922, when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was administratively divided into oblasts . Nevertheless, the name is still very much alive in both colloquial and media language, and it is part of established cultural and geographical terminology. It also continues to be employed in

175-560: The Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ) , failed to win seats. In subsequent elections in 2010 and 2015, the SPÖ, the ÖVP, and the KPÖ each lost between one fourth and one third of their shares of the vote relative to 2005. The FPÖ grew from 4.6 percent to 26.8 percent. The current government of Styria is a coalition of SPÖ and ÖVP. The governor, Christopher Drexler , is a representative of

210-731: The Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Yugoslavia , an expulsion of the remaining ethnic German population was carried out, regardless of their links to the Nazi regime. Between the 1950s and 1970s, many areas of the region underwent rapid industrialization. Towns like Maribor, Celje, and Velenje became among the most important industrial centers of Slovenia and Yugoslavia. Lower Styria has no official status as an administrative or statistical unit within Slovenia. In 2005,

245-545: The Habsburgs reunified Austria in 1282, Pitten was returned to Styria until the 16th century when Austria finally annexed it. During this time, Styria formed the central part of Inner Austria . Styria developed economically under Archduke John of Austria , the so-called "Styrian Prince", between 1809 and 1859. In 1918, after World War I , the Duchy of Styria was partitioned broadly along ethnic lines (, though where mixed,

280-655: The Mur River and the Slovene Hills in the north down to the Sava . Upper Styria and Central Styria, predominantly German-speaking, today form the Austrian state of Styria ( Steiermark ). The southern third, predominantly Slovene-speaking Lower Styria, became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) after World War I . After World War II , it became part of the predecessor of modern Slovenia ,

315-572: The Socialist Republic of Slovenia . Although used interchangeably at times, the term "Southern Styria" ( Südsteiermark ) refers to the southern districts of the Austrian state of Styria, whereas the term "Lower Styria" ( Spodnja Štajerska ) refers to the region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The Slovene name Štajerska is borrowed and adapted from the German name for the region, Steiermark . Both ultimately derive from Celtic , via

350-654: The Zeltweg Airfield in 1964 and then at the Osterreichring from 1970 to 1987. The sport returned to the circuit, now redesigned and rebranded as the A1-Ring, from 1997 to 2003. Formula One once again returned to the circuit, now renamed the Red Bull Ring, in 2014 and has been held at the track every year since. The COVID-19 pandemic saw the 2020 Formula One calendar massively revised, resulting in

385-413: The 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye , the border between Yugoslav and Austrian Styria mostly followed the ethnic-linguistic dividing line between Slovenes and ethnic Germans . Nevertheless, several predominantly German-speaking towns were annexed into Yugoslavia, such as Maribor ( Marburg an der Drau ) (80% German speakers), Ptuj ( Pettau ) (86%), and Celje ( Cilli ) (67%); in addition,

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420-686: The County of Maribor was formed, comprising most of the territory of Slovene Styria, plus the Prekmurje and the Međimurje regions. After the coup d'etat of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia in January 1929, the counties were abolished and replaced with nine Banates (Slovene: Banovina ). Following the reorganization implemented by the Yugoslav constitution of 1931, Slovene Styria was incorporated in

455-473: The German name "Steyer", a slightly modernized spelling of Steyr, was also common. The ancient link between the city of Steyr and Styria is also apparent in their nearly identical coats of arms, a white Panther on a green background. Styria is also popularly known as the "Green March", owing to it being the most forested of all the Austrian states, or as the "Iron Margraviate" for its long heritage of manufacturing and engineering. The western and eastern parts of

490-597: The German-speaking area around the village of Apače ( Abstall ) was annexed to Yugoslavia. According to the 1921 Yugoslav census, some 22,500 ethnic Germans lived in Yugoslav Lower Styria. They represented around 4.5% of the overall population of the region, and around 57% of all ethnic Germans in Slovenia. In 1931, this number dropped to around 12,500 or 2.3% of the regional population, and around 45% of all ethnic Germans in Slovenia. In 1922,

525-406: The People's Party. His deputy, Anton Lang, is a SPÖ member. Styria (Slovenia) Styria ( Slovene : Štajerska ), also known as Slovenian Styria ( Slovenska Štajerska ; German : Slowenische Steiermark ) or Lower Styria ( Spodnja Štajerska ; German : Untersteiermark ) to differentiate it from Austrian Styria , is a traditional region in northeastern Slovenia , comprising

560-539: The Red Bull Ring becoming the first circuit to host consecutive Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, with the first round running under the Austrian Grand Prix name and the second held as the Styrian Grand Prix. This continued in 2021. The federal state is divided into 13 districts ( Bezirke ), one of them a statutory city . There are 286 municipalities. The following is a list of

595-707: The country was divided into 12 statistical regions. The bulk of Lower Styria is subdivided between the Drava Statistical Region ( Slovene : podravska statistična regija ) with its seat in Maribor , and the Savinja Statistical Region ( savinjska statistična regija ) with its seat in Celje . Smaller areas of Lower Styria are included in: Nowadays, many of these peripheral areas are no longer considered part of Styria. An exception

630-465: The defeated Austrian side lost the lands in question to Yugoslavia, such as the majority German-speaking Abstall basin,) into a northern part, constituting the Austrian state of Styria, as well as the continuation of the Styrian state altogether, and a southern one, traditionally called Lower Styria , though Lower Styria does not exist as any political entity and is only a traditional term. As a result of

665-511: The demise of the Babenberg dynasty (to which Leopold belonged), Styria came briefly under the control of Hungary and later Bohemia. During this time, it lost vast parts of its territory, including the former capital Steyr (which would later form a significant part of the emerging "Duchy of Austria above the Enns" or Upper Austria), as well as Pitten (now the southeastern part of Lower Austria). When

700-618: The disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy following World War I , the Duchy of Styria was divided between the newly established states of German Austria and the Yugoslav State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs . In early November 1918, Rudolf Maister , a Slovene major of the former Austro-Hungarian Army , with about 4,000 local volunteers occupied Lower Styria and the town of Maribor and claimed it for Yugoslavia. After

735-424: The district Graz-Umgebung (literally, "Graz-surroundings") may or may not be considered parts of West and East Styria, respectively. The southern fourth of the historic Duchy of Styria , which after World War I became part of Yugoslavia and later Slovenia (except for World War II), was (and sometimes colloquially still is) referred to as " Lower Styria " ( Untersteiermark ; Slovene : Štajerska ). Styria

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770-471: The gross regional product (GRP) and is one of the highest concentrations of leading clean technology companies in Europe. The companies have an average (real) growth rate of 22 percent per year—well above the worldwide cleantech market growth of 18 percent per year. The region created roughly 2,000 additional green jobs in 2008 alone. The Formula One Austrian Grand Prix has been held in the region, first at

805-572: The largest party with 28.8% of votes and 15 seats. After the election, the KPÖ entered into coalition talks with The Greens – The Green Alternative and the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) . On November 13, 2021, the KPÖ, the Greens and the SPÖ announced their coalition: Graz gets a communist mayor with Elke Kahr. In the 2005 elections for the federal state's parliament the SPÖ under their regional chairman Franz Voves won

840-491: The majority after the ÖVP had damaged its credibility through scandals and the secession of a high-ranking party member, who took part in the 2005 elections after setting up his own party. In these elections, the KPÖ also received many votes after it had gained much popularity through its role in local politics in Graz during the preceding years. The two right-wing populist parties, the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and

875-578: The mountain. Styria The March of Styria derived its name from the original seat of its ruling Otakar dynasty: Steyr , in today's Upper Austria , which in turn derives its name from the namesake river of Steyr, stemming from the Celtic Stiria. In the native German the area is still called "Steiermark", while in English the Latin name "Styria" is used. Until the late 19th century however,

910-586: The newly established Drava Banovina , which was more or less identical with Slovenia, with Ljubljana as its capital city. In April 1941, Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia and Slovene Styria was annexed, becoming CdZ -Gebiet Untersteiermark under Reichsgau Steiermark . A policy of violent Germanization was introduced. Public use of Slovene was prohibited, and all Slovene associations were dissolved. Members of all professional and intellectual groups, including many clergymen, were expelled. Between April 1941 and May 1942, around 80,000 Slovenes (almost 15% of

945-519: The nine largest cities and towns in Styria by population: (as of 2023) The historical population is given in the following chart: The federal state had been a stronghold of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) since 1945. Graz is markedly more left-wing than the rural districts of the federal state. The governor (Austrian political term: Landeshauptmann ) of Styria has typically been

980-499: The overall population) were expelled from Lower Styria, or resettled to other parts of the Reich. As a reaction, a resistance movement developed. Many areas of Lower Styria witnessed fierce fighting between German troops and Slovene partisan units. After World War II, Yugoslav authority over the region was established and Slovene Styria became an integral part of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia . According to prior decisions made by

1015-497: The promotion of tourism. The cultural and economic centre of Lower Styria has always been the city of Maribor . Other major towns are Brežice , Celje , Ptuj , Slovenj Gradec , Slovenska Bistrica , and Velenje . Styria is known for its white wine , especially Ljutomer Riesling , for the Pohorje ski resort, for cultural festivals and for pumpkin seed oil . It is also known as a hop-growing area producing Styrian Goldings ,

1050-664: The river Steyr . In the Middle Ages , the Lower Styrian lands were ruled by several immediate ( reichsfrei ) dynasties like the Counts of Celje , whose large possessions were not incorporated by the Habsburg dukes until the 15th century. According to the last Austro-Hungarian census of 1910, Lower Styria had around 498,000 inhabitants, of which around 82% were Slovene and around 18% German speakers. In 1918, after

1085-648: The same time, Bavarians under Frankish domination began to expand their area to the south and east, ultimately absorbing the Slavic population. Under the Otakar dynasty, Styria was made into a margraviate in 1056 and in 1180, also separated from the Duchy of Carinthia to become a Duchy of its own; Per the Georgenberg Pact , the Austrian Duke Leopold V also became Duke of Styria in 1192. After

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1120-535: The southern third of the former Duchy of Styria . The population of Styria in its historical boundaries amounts to around 705,000 inhabitants, or 34.5% of the population of Slovenia. The largest city is Maribor . In the 19th century, the Styrian duchy, which existed as a distinct political-administrative entity from 1056 to 1918, used to be divided into three traditional regions: Upper Styria ( Obersteiermark ; Zgornja Štajerska ), Central Styria ( Mittelsteiermark ; Srednja Štajerska ), and Lower Styria, stretching from

1155-543: The turbulence of two world wars, the German -speaking population of Lower Styria , which had mainly been concentrated in the cities, particularly the so-called "Festungsdreieck" (fortress-triangle) of Maribor (Marburg an der Drau), Celje (Cilli) and Ptuj (Pettau) migrated from the region or was expelled. The federal state's gross domestic product (GDP) was 49.6 billion € in 2018, accounting for 12.9% of Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power

1190-602: Was 35,400 € or 118% of the EU27 average in the same year. In 2004, Styria had the strongest economic growth rate in Austria at 3.8%—mainly due to the Graz area, which saw strong economic growth that year and has continued to grow in economic and population terms since then. Styria is home to more than 150 clean technology companies of which one dozen are world technology leaders in their field. The revenue of Styrian cleantech companies totals €2.7 billion. This equals 8 percent of

1225-891: Was inhabited by Celtic tribes. After its conquest by the Romans , the eastern part of what is now Styria was part of Pannonia , while the western one was included in Noricum . During the Barbarian invasions , it was conquered or crossed by the Visigoths , the Huns , the Ostrogoths , the Rugii , and the Lombards . Slavs under the domination of the Avars settled in the valleys around 600. At

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