Misplaced Pages

#767232

43-650: The Scharnitz Pass lies east of the Wetterstein Mountains and west of the Karwendel . It is located in the upper valley of the River Isar between Mittenwald (923 m; Bavaria) in the north and Scharnitz (964 m; Tyrol) in the south. The Isar valley floor narrows from about 900 metres to under 300 metres as a result of the eastern flank of the Arntalköpfle (1,529 m), a subpeak of

86-677: A crown land of the Austrian Empire . From 1867, it was a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary . Today the territory of the historic crown land is divided between the Italian autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and the Austrian state of Tyrol . The two parts are today associated again in the Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion . At least since King Otto I of Germany had conquered

129-742: A part of Bavaria became a member of the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806. The Tyroleans rose up against the Bavarian authority and succeeded three times in defeating Bavarian and French troops trying to retake the country. Austria lost the War of the Fifth Coalition against France , and got harsh terms in the Treaty of Schönbrunn in 1809. Glorified as Tyrol's national hero, Andreas Hofer ,

172-881: Is a mountain group in the Northern Limestone Alps within the Eastern Alps , crossing the Austria–Germany border . It is a comparatively compact range located between Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Mittenwald , Seefeld in Tirol and Ehrwald along the border between Germany ( Bavaria ) and Austria ( Tyrol ). Zugspitze , the highest peak is at the same time the highest mountain in Germany. The Wetterstein mountains are an ideal region for mountaineers and climbers . Mountain walkers sometimes need to allow for significant differences in elevation. The proximity of

215-544: Is subject to avalanches by the gorge of Marchklamm on the state border from the west flank of the Brunnensteinspitze . When the snow reaches certain levels the road and railway line are closed and a diversion is used via Seefeld and the narrow valley of the Leutascher Ache to Mittenwald. Due to the nature reserve of Riedboden there are tight restrictions on the construction of avalanche defences and

258-599: Is very frequently climbed using various routes and the Alpspitze summit, too, is a popular destination that can be reached on several different routes. The ridge of Jubiläumsgrat is a high alpine climbing route that links these two summits. The climbing along the Blassenkamm ridge over the tops of the Innere, Mittlere and Äußere Höllentalspitze has sections that are classified as UIAA grade III-. The region around

301-767: The Arnspitze Group . East of the pass rises the Rotwandlspitze (2,192 m); to the southwest of which is the Brunnensteinspitze (2,179.8 m). The German B 2 federal highway , which approaches from Mittenwald to the north, and the Austrian Seefelder Straße ( B 177 ), which runs through Scharnitz and Seefeld (Tyrol) and continues over the Seefeld Saddle , meet at the Scharnitz Pass. Both roads are part of

344-740: The Austrian Tourist Club ) offer food, refuge and accommodation for mountaineers and hikers. The Munich Branch of the German Alpine Club has rented the Waxenstein Hut (also Alpl Hut or Aiple Hut) since 1920 and operates it as self-catered accommodation. In the Oberreintalkar lies the Oberreintal Hut , which is the meeting point for Wetterstein climbers (a self-catering hut although drinks are sold by

387-518: The Brandenburg eagle at the time when she and her husband ruled Tyrol and Brandenburg in personal union , though the Tyrolean eagle had already appeared in the 13th century. Louis V died in 1361, followed by Margaret's son Meinhard III two years later. Lacking any descendants to succeed her, she bequeathed the county to Rudolph IV of Habsburg , Duke of Austria in 1363. He was recognized by

430-475: The County of Werdenfels , the border between the County of Tyrol then being located at Schlossberg Castle north of Seefeld. The long-term aim of Tyrol was to push the state border north to the strategically important Scharnitz Pass. The Tyrolese achieved a partial success when, on 20 October 1500, Emperor Maximilian I and Prince-Bishop Philip of Freising ratified a treaty agreed the year before that moved

473-631: The E 533 European Road . Since 1912, the Mittenwald and Karwendel Railway , the line from Innsbruck over the Seefeld Saddle to Garmisch-Partenkirchen , has cut through the Scharnitz Pass. Northwest of the Scharnitz Pass lies the German nature reserve of Riedboden (NSG-No.  00157.01 ; 1.46 km²), which adjoins the nature reserve of Arnspitze ( 00158.01 ; 2.22 km²). The protected area of Wettersteingebiet einschließlich Latschengürtel bei Mittenwald ("Wetterstein region including

SECTION 10

#1732787209768

516-663: The Oberreintal Hut and the south side of the Schüsselkarspitze and Scharnitzspitze are well known for alpine climbing routes of all levels up the solid, limestone slabs. The south side above the Gaistal is markedly quieter than the north side. For climbers, the mountains north of Leutasch are very interesting, especially the Oberreintal-Schrofen, the Scharnitzspitze and the Schüsselkarspitze. On

559-1012: The Drahnbach stream to Seestadeln. To the south the boundary extends from Ehrwald along the Gaisbach stream and over the Ehrwalder Alm to the Gaistal valley ( Leutascher Ache ) and continues via Leutasch -Oberweidach and past the Simmelberg to the north to the Drahnbach. The saddle between the Kankerbach and the Kranzbach (the Loisach – Isar watershed) links the Wetterstein with the Bavarian Prealps. The saddle near

602-811: The Eastern Alps , the Wetterstein and the Mieming range are classed as a single group. The River Loisach forms the boundary of the range to the west and north, from the Ehrwald Basin to Garmisch-Partenkirchen . To the northeast the boundary runs from Garmisch-Partenkirchen to Mittenwald along the Kankerbach and Kranzbach streams and the Isar river. To the east the Isar forms the boundary from Mittenwald to Scharnitz . South of Scharnitz it continues along

645-483: The Ehrwalder Alm is the link between the Wetterstein and Mieming Chain. SOIUSA officially divides the Wettersteingebirge into two groups and eight subgroups: The Alpine Club Guide divides the range based on access: The 10 highest summits of the Wetterstein are: There are over 150 named summits in the Wetterstein with spot heights . Amongst the best known are (in order of height): The Zugspitze

688-688: The Ehrwalder Almbahn. Those not interested in a climbing tour or multi-day summit tour, can hike the Partnach Gorge , the Leutasch Gorge or the Höllental Gorge in a day. For many years there were discussions about a project to build a railway tunnel between the Tyrolean village of Telfs and the Bavarian town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen . The tunnel would have had a total length of 22 kilometres and would have enabled

731-654: The Empty Pockets ruled them. In 1420 he made Innsbruck the Tyrolean capital. In 1490 his son and heir Sigismund renounced Tyrol and Further Austria in favour of his cousin German King Maximilian I of Habsburg . By then Maximilian I had re-united all Habsburg lands under his rule. In 1500 he also acquired the remaining Gorizia ( Görz ) territories around Lienz and the Puster Valley . When Emperor Ferdinand I died in 1564, he bequeathed

774-721: The Hoher Saddle to Leutasch-Ahrn both variations are combined. In Ahrn the long-distance path forks into a high alpine and an easier variant. The high alpine variant runs via the Meiler Hut into the Reintal valley and continues to the summit of the Zugspitze. From there it descends to Ehrwald. The easier variant runs through the Leutascher Achental valley via the Ehrwalder Alm and also ends at Ehrwald. There are

817-633: The House of Wittelsbach in 1369. From that time onward, Tyrol was ruled by various lines of the Austrian House of Habsburg , who held the title of count . After the Habsburg hereditary lands had been divided by the 1379 Treaty of Neuberg , Tyrol was ruled by the descendants of Duke Leopold III of Austria . After a second division within the Leopoldinian line in 1406, Duke Frederick IV of

860-694: The Karolingerhof and rights of way into the Hinterautal valley. With another treaty on 28 May 1766, Tyrol's possession of Scharnitz and the Porta Claudia was confirmed as was a strip of territory "at a musket shot's distance at all existing fortification works in the direction of Mittenwald“ . Wetterstein Mountains The Wetterstein mountains ( German : Wettersteingebirge ), colloquially called Wetterstein ,

903-688: The Latschengürtel near Mittenwald", LSG-No. 391021; 86.33 km²) borders the two reserves to the north. On the east side – on the far side of the Isar, road and railway track – on the German side, lie the nature reserve of Karwendel und Karwendelvorgebirge ( 00171.01 ; 193.45 km²) and, on the Austrian side, immediately adjacent, the Ruhegebiet Eppzirl in the Natura 2000 area of Karwendel Alpine Park . The Scharnitz Pass

SECTION 20

#1732787209768

946-870: The Wetterstein mountains with overnight accommodation: the Münchner Haus (2,962 m), the Meiler Hut (2,366 m), the Knorr Hut (2,052 m), the Kreuzeckhaus (also: Adolf Zoeppritz Haus, 1,652 m), the Höllentalanger Hut (1,379 m) and the Reintalanger Hut (1,366 m). In addition, are the privately run Schachenhaus (1,866 m) and the Wiener Neustädter Hut (2,209 m, maintained by

989-549: The border of Tyrol to within a kilometre south of Scharnitz. In 1633 Tyrol was granted the right to build a castle, Porta Claudia , at the Scharnitz Pass on Werdenfels territory in order to protect themselves from the advancing Swedish Army in the Thirty Years' War . By a treaty of 29 October 1656, Scharnitz and the region around the Porta Claudia were swapped for a strip of land around the Kienleithenkopf including

1032-615: The construction of a road tunnel straight through the Arntalköpfle exiting on the German side west of the Isar was not possible. After years of discussion over various options and costings an avalanche gallery will now be built on the German side for a cost of 8.5 million euros;, the planned tunnel to the Scharnitz bypass exits on the Austrian side still in the avalanche zone. Under the Roman emperor, Septimius Severus (193–211),

1075-653: The estates of Trent from the North Italian March of Verona and vested the bishops of Trent with comital rights. In 1027 Henry's Salian successor, Emperor Conrad II , granted the Trent bishops further estates around Bozen and in the Vinschgau region; at the same time, he vested the bishop of Brixen with the suzerainty in the Etschtal and Inntal , part of the German stem duchy of Bavaria under

1118-410: The following Klettersteigs (sometimes abbreviated Steig ) in the Wetterstein: Several large cable cars and lifts link to the summit regions and high skiing areas: The Bavarian Zugspitze Railway (a metre gauge rack railway from Garmisch to the Zugspitzplatt), the Eibsee Cable Car (from the Eibsee to the Zugspitzplatt), the Tyrolean Zugspitze Cable Car (from Ehrwald to the Zugspitzplatt) and

1161-407: The former Lombard Kingdom of Italy in 961 and had himself crowned Holy Roman emperor in Rome , the principal passes of the Eastern Alps had become an important transit area. The German monarchs regularly traveled across the Brenner or Reschen Pass on their Italian expeditions aiming at papal coronation or the consolidation of Imperial rule. In 1004 King Henry II of Germany separated

1204-450: The journey time of trunk services between Munich Central Station and Innsbruck Central Station to be cut to 90 minutes. The project was assessed in 2013 to cost €2.2 billion to build. A tunnel through the Wetterstein would save trains one hour in travelling between Munich and Landeck or Vorarlberg and relieve both the line from Munich via Rosenheim to Innsbruck and the route from Munich to Lindau. By bypassing Garmisch and moving

1247-400: The leader of the uprising, was executed in 1810 in Mantua . His forces had lost a fourth and final battle against the French and Bavarian forces. Tyrol remained under Bavaria and the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy for another four years. In 1814, by decisions of the Congress of Vienna , Tyrol was reunified and returned to Austria. It was integrated into the Austrian Empire. From 1867 onwards, it

1290-513: The old mule track from the Inn valley over the Seefeld Saddle to Mittenwald was consolidated into a Roman road that, as the Via Raetia ran through Partenkirchen , Oberau and Murnau to Augsburg . In the Roman road map Tabula Peutingeriana , Scarbia ( Scharnitz ) and Partanum ( Partenkirchen ) are shown as rest places and guard stations. From the Middle Ages the road has been an important trade route between Venice and Augsburg/Nuremberg ( Via Imperii ). The Scharnitz Pass belonged then to

1333-421: The proprietor). In winter the Stuiben Hut is used as a self-catering hut for ski tourers and snowshoe trekkers. In addition there are several privately owned huts in the Wetterstein mountains. Of these, the Kreuzjochhaus stands out because of its idyllic setting, which offers one of the best panoramas in the Bavarian Alps in the summer and is located in the middle of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen ski region in

Scharnitz Pass - Misplaced Pages Continue

1376-422: The range to the south German centres of population, the scenic landscape and its good network of cable cars and lifts mean that the mountains are heavily frequented by tourists for most of the year. There are, however, places in the Wetterstein that are rarely or never visited by people. The Wetterstein borders on the following other mountain ranges of the Alps: In the AVE , the Alpine Club classification of

1419-463: The region and came to surpass the power of the bishops, who were nominally their feudal lords. After the deposition of the Welf Duke Henry X of Bavaria in 1138, the counts of Tyrol strengthened their independence. When Henry the Lion was again enfeoffed with the Bavarian duchy by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa at the 1154 Imperial Diet in Goslar , his possessions no longer comprised the Tyrolean lands. The counts maintained that independence under

1462-440: The rising Bavarian Wittelsbach dynasty . In 1210, Count Albert IV of Tyrol also took over the Vogt office in the Bishopric of Brixen, prevailing against the rivalling counts of Andechs . In 1253 Count Meinhard of Gorizia (Görz) inherited the Tyrolean lands by his marriage to Adelheid, daughter of the last Count Albert IV of Tyrol. When their sons divided their estate in 1271, the elder Meinhard II took Tyrol, for which he

1505-435: The rule of Conrad's son Henry III . Especially the Brixen bishops remained loyal supporters of the Salian rulers in the Investiture Controversy and in 1091 also received the Puster Valley from the hands of Emperor Henry IV . Documented from about 1140 onwards, the comital dynasty residing in Tyrol Castle near Meran held the office of Vogts (bailiffs) in the Trent diocese. They extended their territory over much of

1548-418: The rule over Tyrol and Further Austria to his second son Archduke Ferdinand II . Both territories thereafter fell to the younger sons of the Habsburg Emperors: Archduke Matthias in 1608 and Maximilian III in 1612. After the death of Archduke Sigismund Francis in 1665, all Habsburg lands were again under the united rule of the Emperor Leopold I . From the time of Maria Theresa (1740−1780) onward, Tyrol

1591-566: The south faces of these three border mountains are alpine climbing routes aplenty. In recent years several alpine classics were renovated by Heinz Zak. This has attracted ever more climbers to the region. The combination of alms and rugged rocky terrain is not only unique in the German Alpine region, but also offers habitats for several species of animal, such as chamois , Alpine marmots , Alpine choughs , Alpine salamanders , adders , golden eagles and many species of marten . The German Alpine Club maintains six managed Alpine Club huts in

1634-428: The south of the medieval Tyrol county, the present-day province of South Tyrol . Italy thus took control of the strategically important Alpine water divide at the Brenner Pass and over the south of Tyrol proper with its large German-speaking majority. Since 1949 both parts form the autonomous Italian Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region. The northern part of Tyrol retained by the First Austrian Republic today forms

1677-452: The south portal of the tunnel east of Telfs-Sagl, the tunnel would be just under 25 kilometres in length. County of Tyrol Timeline The ( Princely ) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg . In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised prince-bishoprics of Trent and Brixen , became

1720-403: The winter. The Via Alpina , a cross-border long-distance path with five stages through the whole of the Alps, also runs through the Wetterstein. The Red Way of the Via Alpina ( Rote Weg der Via Alpina ) runs through the Wetterstein in three stages: Stage 15 of the North Alpine long-distance path 01 (Limestone Alp Way) runs through the Wetterstein in two route variations. From Scharnitz over

1763-409: Was a Kronland (Crown Land) of Cisleithania . After World War I , the victors settled border changes. The Treaty of Saint-Germain of 1919 ruled according to the 1915 London Pact , that the southern part of the Austrian crown land of Tyrol had to be ceded to the Kingdom of Italy , including the territory of the former Trent bishopric, roughly corresponding to the modern-day Trentino , as well as

Scharnitz Pass - Misplaced Pages Continue

1806-418: Was governed by the central government of the Habsburg monarchy at Vienna in all matters of major importance. In 1803 the lands of the Bishoprics of Trent and Brixen were secularised and incorporated into the county. Following defeat by Napoleon in 1805, Austria was forced to cede Tyrol, which was split between the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Kingdom of Italy in the Peace of Pressburg . Tyrol as

1849-532: Was recognized as an immediate lordship. He supported the German king Rudolph of Habsburg against his rival King Ottokar II of Bohemia . In reward, he received the Duchy of Carinthia with the Carniolan march in 1286. In 1307 Meinhard's son Henry was elected King of Bohemia , After his death, he had one surviving daughter, Margaret Maultasch , who could gain the rule only over Tyrol. In 1342 she married Louis V of Wittelsbach , then Margrave of Brandenburg . The red eagle in Tyrol's coat of arms may derive from

#767232