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46-527: The corps was constituted May 7, 1898; on May 16, Maj. Gen. William M. Graham was assigned to the command and the troops which were to compose the corps were ordered to Camp Alger . After the declaration of war McKinley revised that arrangement and approved the organization of eight army corps, each of which was to consist of three or more divisions of three brigades each. Each brigade was to have approximately 3,600 officers and enlisted men organized into three regiments and, with three such brigades, each division

92-756: A companion of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of Foreign Wars . He died in Wardour, Maryland , on January 16, 1916, and was buried at Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C. Graham married Mary Brewerton Ricketts, daughter of Major General James Brewerton Ricketts , in 1860 at Fortress Monroe, VA. Mary was born Aroostine in honor of her Native American heritage and Aroostook County birth. Her family had her name legally changed to Mary due to her father's service in

138-560: A demonstration on the extreme left, at Aguadores, without any means of crossing the stream, and thus coming into the general engagement. The task was performed in a manner of which Shaffer afterwards said, in an interview in Detroit: "As for General Duffield, of your City, he is a soldier, every inch of him. He had a thankless job at the Battle of Aguadores , but he acquitted himself nobly." A few days afterwards at Siboney, Major General Young

184-968: A member of the Grand Army of the Republic . Duffield was born in Detroit , Wayne County, Michigan. He was a son of Rev. George Duffield and Isabella Graham (Bethune) Duffield. His father was the pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Detroit. Duffield was educated in the public schools of Detroit, graduating from the Old Capitol School in 1856. He spent one year in the University of Michigan before he transferred and graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts in 1861. In 1863 he married Frances Pitt. He

230-879: A number of political, military and social organizations. He was a member of The Union League Club of New York ; the University Club of New York ; the Army and Navy Club of Washington; the Society of the Army of the Cumberland; the Society of the Army of Santiago de Cuba ; the Society of the Spanish–American War; the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States ; Detroit Post, Grand Army of

276-702: The US Naval Academy ; and Lieutenant William Montrose Graham Jr. Henry M. Duffield Spanish–American War Henry Martyn Duffield (May 15, 1842 – July 13, 1912) was a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War , lawyer, candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan's 1st district in 1876; brigadier general of U.S. Volunteers during the Spanish–American War , presidential elector for Michigan in 1904, and

322-432: The campaign of Thomas from Chattanooga to Atlanta, Duffield was acting Provost Marshal General of the Army of the Cumberland, participating in all the hard fought battles of this Union commander, among them being Resaca , Missionary Ridge , Peach Tree Creek and Jonesboro . This campaign terminated at Atlanta, where, on October 14, 1864, Duffield was mustered out by reason of expiration of service. On returning from

368-489: The 1st Brigade were: Colonel John W. Schall , 6th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry took command by May 31, 1898. The troops assigned to the 2nd Brigade at various times were: Brigadier General Nelson D. Cole , U.S.V. took command June 20, 1898. The troops assigned to the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, were: The 3rd Division of the Corps was never fully organized. On June 7, 1898, Brigadier General Francis L. Guenther, U.S.V.,

414-628: The 4th and 5th Artillery, rising to the rank of brigadier general in the Regular Army (May 26, 1897). At the start of the Spanish–American War in May 1898, he was promoted to major general of U.S. Volunteers . After brief service in command of the Second Army Corps at Camp Alger and Camp Meade , he retired from the Regular Army on his 64th birthday, and was honorably mustered out of the volunteers on November 30, 1898. In 1898 he became

460-682: The Civil War. It was in carrying out this purpose that a commission as brigadier general was offered to Duffield and accepted, dating from May 27, 1898. On June 14, he assumed command of a separate Brigade of the Second Army Corps , composed of the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Michigan and Ninth Massachusetts Volunteers. It was the desire of the Government to reinforce General Shafter 's army which had just landed in Cuba, but only one vessel,

506-551: The Indian Wars. Graham and Mary AKA Aroostine had six children. They included Mary Ricketts Graham, who married Vice Admiral Guy Hamilton Burrage; Meeta Campbell Graham, who married Carroll Storrs Alden, head of the English, History and Government Departments at the US Naval Academy and author of several books about US naval history; Harriet Pierce Graham, who married Rear Admiral Archibald Henderson Scales , Superintendent of

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552-437: The May 18, and by the last of that month there were 18,309 officers and men in camp. On the last day of June there were 23,511 officers and men, on the last day of July there were 22,180, on the last day of August the troops present at this camp. Total number of troops that went to Camp Alger 31,195. The number of deaths at Camp Alger from May 18 to October 11, 1898, was 71. This death rate is not abnormal, and, judging from it,

598-661: The Michigan State Constitution these funds were required to be applied to the support of a public library, but had been diverted to the payment of expenses of the courts and to other uses. Their recovery to the Board laid the foundation for the present public library system of Detroit. Starting in 1881 Duffield served two terms as city attorney, represented the city of Detroit in all its litigation during that period. Both in his official capacity, and in private practice, he had very many important cases, including, in

644-513: The Rebel forces under General N. B. Forrest at Murfreesboro, Tennessee , in July 1862. In this engagement his brother, General W. W. Duffield , then Colonel of the regiment, was twice wounded. The fighting was so severe that the wounded could not be removed from the field, and after the engagement Adj. Duffield, together with his wounded brother, was captured, but was exchanged two months later. In

690-700: The Revolutionary War. William M. Graham William Montrose Graham (September 28, 1834 – January 16, 1916) was a career soldier in the United States Army , reaching the rank of major general . He was a veteran of both the American Civil War and the Spanish–American War . Graham was born in Washington, D.C. , the son of Colonel James Duncan Graham (1799–1865) and Charlotte Meade (sister of George Gordon Meade ). His uncle and namesake, William Montrose Graham (1798–1847),

736-565: The Second Army Corps, commanded by Brigadier General George A. Garretson , left Camp Alger July 5, 1898. This brigade was instead sent to fight in the Puerto Rico Campaign in the Battle of Yauco and the Battle of Guayama . Battalion (2 companies) 2nd Regt. U. S. Vol. Engineers, Capt. A. H. Weber, Commanding, joined at Camp Meade, Pa., August 12, 1898, with a strength of 7 officers and 180 enlisted men. Capt. Weber

782-499: The Spanish–American War, Duffield continued in his practice. Duffield was a supporter of the Republican Party and often involved in politics. He was present at many city and county conventions of the party, and for a period of about fifteen years attended every Michigan Republican convention. He was Permanent Chairman of the spring Michigan Convention in 1877 and of the fall Convention at Jackson, Michigan in 1880. In 1888 he

828-565: The U.S. and Spain ending the war's fighting on August 12, 1898. The Separate Brigade, 3rd Division 2d Army Corps, under command of Brigadier General Henry M. Duffield , left Camp Alger June 15, 1898. They soon saw action in the Battle of the Aguadores , Cuba. After which the brigade was transferred to the Fifth Army Corps as a provisional brigade, where it remained until the close of the war. The Second Brigade, First Division of

874-555: The army Duffield began the study of law, and in April 1865 he was admitted to the bar. He formed a partnership with his brother, D. Bethune Duffield, which continued until 1876. He was attorney for the Board of Education of Detroit from 1867 to 1871. While in this position he carried to a successful termination suits brought to recover from the County Treasurer, moneys received from fines in the municipal courts. Under provision of

920-444: The division. Brigadier General Joseph W. Plume U.S.V. The troops assigned to the 1st Brigade, 1st Division at various times included the following: Brigadier General George A. Garretson , U.S.V. took command on June 8, 1898. The troops assigned to the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, at various times were as follows: Brigadier General John P. S. Gobin , U.S.V. took command on June 24, 1898. The troops assigned to 3rd Brigade were

966-529: The famed U.S. Horse Artillery Brigade . Graham served with the Regular Army until April 1865, when he accepted a commission as colonel of the 2nd District of Columbia Infantry Regiment . Awarded his final brevet of the war, to brigadier general in the Regular Army, he mustered out of the volunteers in September and returned to the regular service. He remained in the Army after the war, serving with

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1012-515: The following: The 13th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry , Colonel Henry A. Coursen, Commanding, joined at Camp Alger, Va., May 19, 1898, with a strength of 36 officers and 603 enlisted men. The 12th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, Colonel James B. Coryell Commanding, joined at Camp Alger, Va., May 19, 1898, with a strength of 36 officers and 603 men. The 8th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Theodore F. Hoffmann Commanding, joined at Camp Alger, Va., May 18, 1898, with

1058-557: The important battles of that campaign, including Stone River and Chickamauga , where he was wounded. During the Siege of Chattanooga , October 23, 1863, by the Confederate forces under General Braxton Bragg , he was promoted Post Adjutant. In this office, by order of Major General Thomas, he issued the orders for the establishment of Chattanooga United States cemetery , giving particular attention and direction to its purpose, and to

1104-685: The latter, the famous Reeder farm escheat cases, and the Stroh-WinsorHudson crooked paper case, in which he defeated the holders of the paper. He argued the case against the validity of the Miner Electoral Law, both in the Michigan and United States Supreme Courts, and was also engaged in the Detroit Street Railway cases in the higher United States Courts. With the exception of the time spent in service during

1150-446: The locality can not be considered unhealthful. The Seventh Illinois Regiment, which was encamped there during the whole time, lost but one man up to the 14th day of December, a record probably not equaled by any other regiment in the service. The establishment of Camp Alger is justifiable upon the report as to the suitableness of the site, but considering the scarcity of water and the want of facilities for bathing, we are of opinion that it

1196-463: The plan for carrying out that purpose. The plan was subsequently adopted by General Thomas, and from it grew the system of National cemeteries. When Major General Thomas was assigned to the command of the Department of the Cumberland, Colonel Duffield was appointed on his staff as Assistant Provost Marshal General of the department, in which capacity he served for the remainder of the war. During

1242-512: The rest of the brigade was sent to Cuba. On August 2, 1898, the Second Brigade was organized composed of the: The troops of the Second Brigade were returned to their states for muster out September 7 and 8. (see Camp Haskell below) Camp Alger was established May 18, 1898, near Falls Church, Virginia , and about 1 1 ⁄ 2 miles from Dunn Loring . General Graham arrived May 19 and assumed command. The troops commenced arriving

1288-541: The spring of 1862 Duffield was detailed Assistant Adjutant General of the Twenty-third Brigade, Army of the Cumberland . In the campaign from Nashville to Chattanooga, 1863, he was attached to the headquarters of General George H. Thomas , and given command of the mounted Provost Guard of the Eleventh Army Corps , the members of which he was allowed to select, and took an active part in all

1334-415: The strength of 41 officers and 770 men. The 15th Regiment Minnesota, Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Harry A. Leonhaeuser, Commanding, joined at Camp Meade, Pa., September 18, 1898, with a strength of 46 officers and 1,256 enlisted men. Brigadier General George W. Davis , U. S. Vols. took Command May 29, 1898. Brigadier General Mark W. Shaefe , U.S. Vols. took command June 30, 1898. The troops assigned to

1380-579: The transport Yale, was then available, and that could carry only one brigade. There were two brigades in Camp Alger , and it was determined to take the one which should first report in readiness to move. Duffield's brigade was then on a practice march to the Potomac, but it returned to camp, won in the test and was dispatched to Santiago. In the Battle of July 1, Duffield was assigned to the duty of making

1426-490: The troops at Camp Alger about the 15th of May, 1898, was assigned to the Command of the 1st Division. Being absent on sick leave at the time of the arrival of Major General Matthew C. Butler , U.S.V., Brigadier General Guenther was relieved from the Command of the 1st Division and assigned to the Command of the 3rd Division. On September 15, 1898, Samuel B.M. Young , Major General of United States Volunteers took command of

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1472-495: The troops were moved to camps in the South, General Young making his headquarters at Augusta, Ga., the distribution being as follows: Camp McKenzie, Augusta, Georgia , was originally named Camp S.B.M. Young, after Major General Samuel B.M. Young, U.S. Vols, Commanding Second Army Corps, who had a leadership role in the operations around Santiago . He was to be the camp's commanding officer. Camp Fornance, Columbia, South Carolina ,

1518-475: Was 64. In November Camp Meade was discontinued and the troops not mustered out, distributed to the various camps in the South. The Second Army Corps was directed to hold itself in readiness to proceed to the island of Cuba, with headquarters at Habana; First and Second Divisions at Habana; Third Division at Mariel. This order for service in Cuba was not carried out. General Graham was relieved November 2, 1898, by Maj. Gen. Samuel B.M. Young , U. S. Volunteers, and

1564-773: Was Chairman of the State Central Committee of the Republican Party and was delegate both to the State and National Conventions. He was also Chairman of Michigan's delegation in the Minneapolis Republican Convention in 1892, when he cast the vote of nineteen of the delegates for William McKinley. He ran for Congress in 1892 running in the Michigan First District, which at the time was a Detroit based district. He lost to incumbent Democrat J. Logan Chipman . Duffield

1610-550: Was assigned to the command of the 3rd Division, but he was absent sick since May 25, 1898, and never exercised the command. On June 9 the separate brigade was assigned as the First Brigade, Third Division. Brigadier General Henry M. Duffield , U.S.V. took Command June 15, 1898. The troops assigned to the Separate Brigade were: Recruit Detachment of the Separate Brigade, Camp Alger, Va., June 27, 1898, after

1656-515: Was authorized. In mid-May the volunteers were moved to a few large unfinished camps in the South, and when they arrived only seven instead of the eight projected army corps were organized. Two army corps, the Fourth and Fifth consisted of regulars and volunteers, while the others like the Second Corps were made up of volunteers . Before the new army completed its organization and training, it

1702-600: Was called "the fighting parson," and a price of fifty pounds sterling was put upon his head. He was subsequently associated with Bishop White as joint chaplain of the Continental Congress. Duffield enlisted in August 1861, as a private in the Ninth Regiment, Michigan Volunteers . He was made First Lieutenant and Adjutant of the regiment October 12 of the same year. He participated in the engagement with

1748-823: Was killed during the Mexican–American War while commanding the 11th U.S. Infantry at Molino del Rey . Graham was commissioned into the 1st Regiment of Artillery in 1855, and earned two rapid promotions to captain with the outbreak of the Civil War. During the war, he was cited for gallantry during the Peninsula Campaign , for actions at Antietam , and for his actions at Gettysburg . Graham earned multiple brevet (honorary) promotions for these actions, including major (July 1, 1862, Malvern Hill ), lieutenant colonel (September 17, 1862, Antietam), and colonel (July 3, 1863, Gettysburg). His unit, 1st U.S. Light Artillery, Battery K , was, from 1863, part of

1794-412: Was made Acting Chief Engineer of the 2nd Army Corps September 17, 1898. The 2nd U. S. V. Engineers also built Camp McKenzie, Augusta, Georgia before being sent to Cuba on November 23, 1898. Camp Meade was established August 24, 1898, near Middletown , Pennsylvania . Early in September the remainder of the corps was transferred to the camp. The number of deaths in this Camp Meade to October 11, 1898,

1840-527: Was named for Captain James Fornance of the 13th United States Infantry Regiment who was mortally wounded on July 1, 1898, near Santiago, Cuba , and died of his wounds on July 3. The Camp was abandoned in March 1899. Third Brigade, Second Division, 1st Rhode Island, 2nd Tennessee, 1st Delaware Camp Marion, Summerville, South Carolina , was named after Brigadier General Francis "Swamp Fox" Marion of

1886-625: Was on the staffs successively of Governors Bagley, Croswell, Jerome and Alger, and kept up a lively interest in the Detroit Light Guard with which he had long been connected. When the call came for volunteers in the Spanish-American War, although the general officers were taken mostly from the Regular Army, it was determined to select some from among the men who had already seen service in the volunteer army, account being taken of their age, condition of health and record in

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1932-573: Was taken ill, and the command of his division was turned over to Duffield, who was in turn attacked with yellow fever , went into hospital, and later in the month was sent north as a convalescent. He joined his family and spent several weeks with them on the coast of Maine, regaining his health. His last act in connection with the war was as one of the speakers at the Peace Jubilee in Chicago, October 18, 1898. Duffield had associations with

1978-597: Was the brother of General William Ward Duffield . His paternal great grandfather, Rev. George Duffield, was, on July 6, 1776, appointed by Governor Morton, Chaplain to the Pennsylvania forces in the Revolutionary Army. On the Sunday following he dismissed his congregation with these words: "I hope the women will worship here in silence on the next Sabbath, and the men will be with me in Washington's Army." He

2024-548: Was thrust into combat. About two-thirds of Fifth Army Corps , in the form of one dismounted cavalry division and two infantry divisions, sailed for Cuba in June 1898. Expeditions also were mounted for Puerto Rico and the Philippine Islands, in which partial army corps provided the troops. The following troops were attached to Second Corps Headquarters: Brigadier General Francis L. Guenther , U.S. Vols., who had joined

2070-404: Was to total about 11,000 officers and men. Thus the division was to be about the same size as the division of 1861, but army corps were to be larger. The division staff initially was to have an adjutant general, quartermaster, commissary, surgeon, inspector general, and engineer, with an ordnance officer added later. The brigade staff was identical except that no inspector general or ordnance officer

2116-454: Was very undesirable, and was not abandoned too soon. On August 2, 1898, the 2nd Division of the Second Corps marched to Thoroughfare Gap , 80 miles distant, and remained in camp there for about one month. The number of deaths and at Thoroughfare Gap was 34. Only two brigades of the 2d Army Corps saw combat in the Spanish–American War. They left for Santiago de Cuba to reinforce Gen. Shafter's army. An armistice having been reached between

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