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69-500: Secret Child is a 2018 British biographical drama short film directed by Yewweng Ho and is his directing debut. The screenplay, written by Sam Hoare, is based on the memoirs from the book Secret Child by Gordon Lewis. The film stars Fiona Glascott, Austin Taylor and Aaron McCusker, and tells the story of a single mother and her eight-year-old son meeting her man from her past after nine years. Secret Child had its world premiere at

138-647: A Fairytale (2006), and Howard Stern in Private Parts (1997). In 2018, the musical biopic Bohemian Rhapsody , based on the life of Queen singer Freddie Mercury , became the highest-grossing biopic in history at the time. In 2023, it was surpassed by Oppenheimer , based on the life of J. Robert Oppenheimer and the creation of the atomic bomb in World War II. John Wayne Marion Robert Morrison (May 26, 1907 – June 11, 1979), professionally known as John Wayne and nicknamed "

207-709: A Woman starring George Gobel and Diana Dors had its Los Angeles opening. In it, Wayne had a cameo as himself. On October 2, John Huston 's The Barbarian and the Geisha , in which Wayne played the lead and clashed with his director all the way, had its New York opening. Howard Hawks 's Rio Bravo premiered on March 18, 1959. In it, Wayne plays the lead with a supporting cast including Dean Martin , Ricky Nelson , Angie Dickinson , Walter Brennan and Ward Bond . John Ford's The Horse Soldiers had its world premiere in Shreveport, Louisiana on June 18. Set during

276-815: A cattleman driving his herd on the Chisholm Trail in Red River (1948), a Civil War veteran whose niece is abducted by a tribe of Comanches in The Searchers (1956), a troubled rancher competing with a lawyer ( James Stewart ) for a woman's hand in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), and a cantankerous one-eyed marshal in True Grit (1969), for which he received the Academy Award for Best Actor . Wayne

345-612: A centurion in George Stevens 's The Greatest Story Ever Told . On April 6, he shared the screen with Kirk Douglas and Patricia Neal in Otto Preminger 's In Harm's Way . On June 13, he acted in Henry Hathaway's The Sons of Katie Elder with Dean Martin . In 1966, Wayne appeared in a cameo role for Melville Shavelson 's Cast a Giant Shadow starring Kirk Douglas. On May 24, 1967, Wayne played

414-596: A film about the crews who put out oil rig fires. Katharine Ross played a supporting role. On June 13, 1969, Henry Hathaway's True Grit premiered. For his role as Rooster Cogburn, Wayne won the Best Actor Oscar at the Academy Awards . In November of that year another film starring Wayne was released, Andrew V. McLaglen's The Undefeated with Rock Hudson . On June 24, 1970, Andrew V. McLaglen's Chisum started to play in cinemas. Wayne took

483-472: A guest on radio programs, such as: The Hedda Hopper Show and The Louella Parsons Show . He made a number of appearances in dramatic roles, mainly recreations for radio of his own film roles, on such programs as Screen Directors Playhouse and Lux Radio Theatre . For six months in 1942, Wayne starred in his own radio adventure series, Three Sheets to the Wind , produced by film director Tay Garnett . In

552-480: A huge box-office flop at the time, but came to be highly regarded by modern critics. After the commercial failure of The Big Trail , Wayne was relegated to small roles in A pictures, including Columbia's The Deceiver (1931), in which he played a corpse. He appeared in the serial The Three Musketeers (1933), an updated version of the Alexandre Dumas novel in which the protagonists were soldiers in

621-700: A man who shod horses for Hollywood studios. He was also active as a member of the Order of DeMolay . He played football for the 1924 league champion Glendale High School team. Wayne applied to the U.S. Naval Academy , but was not accepted due to poor grades. Instead, he attended the University of Southern California (USC), majoring in pre-law . He was a member of the Trojan Knights and Sigma Chi fraternities. Wayne, who stood 6 feet 4 + 1 ⁄ 2  inches (1.94 metres) tall, also played on

690-772: A prop boy and extra. Wayne later credited his walk, talk, and persona to his acquaintance with Wyatt Earp , who was good friends with Tom Mix. Wayne soon moved to bit parts , establishing a longtime friendship with the director who provided most of those roles, John Ford. Early in this period, he had a minor, uncredited role as a guard in the 1926 film Bardelys the Magnificent . Wayne also appeared with his USC teammates playing football in Brown of Harvard (1926), The Dropkick (1927), and Salute (1929) and Columbia 's Maker of Men (filmed in 1930, released in 1931). While working for Fox Film Corporation in bit roles, Wayne

759-622: A role which Wayne had wanted, but turned down. Upon its theatrical release, it grossed $ 13,406,138 domestically. About $ 6 million were earned as US theatrical rentals . The film received positive reviews. It was named one of the Ten Best Films of 1976 by the National Board of Review. Film critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times ranked The Shootist number 10 on his list of the 10 best films of 1976. The film

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828-562: A week of basic training at the Army's Infantry Training Center at Fort Ord in northern California. Morrow noted that the instructors who worked with the cast at Fort Ord had one common request: not to act like John Wayne. "Poor John," Morrow told a reporter. "I wonder if he knows he's almost a dirty word in the Army." On February 20, 1963, Wayne acted in a segment of How the West Was Won directed by John Ford. On June 12, Wayne played

897-536: Is also remembered for his roles in The Quiet Man (1952) with Maureen O'Hara , Rio Bravo (1959) with Dean Martin , and The Longest Day (1962). In his final screen performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in The Shootist (1976). Wayne made his last public appearance at the Academy Awards ceremony on April 9, 1979, and died of stomach cancer two months later. In 1980, he

966-553: The Three Mesquiteers Westerns, whose title was a play on the Dumas classic. He was mentored by stuntmen in riding and other Western skills. Stuntman Yakima Canutt and Wayne developed and perfected stunts and onscreen fisticuffs techniques that are still in use. One of the main innovations with which Wayne is credited in these early Poverty Row Westerns is allowing the good guys to fight as convincingly as

1035-838: The American Film Institute selected Wayne as one of the greatest male stars of classic American cinema. Wayne was born in Winterset, Iowa , but grew up in Southern California . After losing his football scholarship to the University of Southern California due to a bodysurfing accident, he began working for the Fox Film Corporation . He appeared mostly in small parts, but his first leading role came in Raoul Walsh 's Western The Big Trail (1930), an early widescreen film epic that

1104-538: The French Foreign Legion in then-contemporary North Africa. He played the lead, with his name over the title, in many low-budget Poverty Row Westerns, mostly at Monogram Pictures and serials for Mascot Pictures Corporation . By Wayne's own estimation, he appeared in about 80 of these horse operas from 1930 to 1939. In Riders of Destiny (1933), he became one of the first singing cowboys of film, albeit via dubbing. Wayne also appeared in some of

1173-513: The Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides , Scotland. He was raised Presbyterian. Wayne's family moved to Palmdale, California , and then in 1916 to Glendale at 404 Isabel Street, where his father worked as a pharmacist. He attended Glendale Union High School , where he performed well in both sports and academics. Wayne was part of his high school's football team and its debating team. He

1242-720: The Office of Strategic Services (OSS), precursor to the modern CIA , but his bid was ultimately unsuccessful. Wayne toured U.S. bases and hospitals in the South Pacific for three months in 1943 and 1944, with the USO . During this trip, he carried out a request from William J. Donovan , head of the OSS, to assess whether General Douglas MacArthur , commander of the South West Pacific Area , or his staff were hindering

1311-518: The USC football team under coach Howard Jones . A broken collarbone injury curtailed his athletic career; Wayne later noted that he was too terrified of Jones' reaction to reveal the actual cause of his injury, a bodysurfing accident. He lost his athletic scholarship, and without funds, had to leave the university. As a favor to coach Jones, who had given silent Western film star Tom Mix tickets to USC games, director John Ford and Mix hired Wayne as

1380-412: The 1930s, Ford had difficulty getting financing for what was to be an A-budget film. After rejection by all the major studios, Ford struck a deal with independent producer Walter Wanger in which Claire Trevor —a much bigger star at the time—received top billing. Stagecoach was a huge critical and financial success, and Wayne became a mainstream star. Cast member Louise Platt credited Ford as saying at

1449-532: The 1940s, and he had begun to wear a hairpiece by the end of the decade. He was occasionally seen in public without the hairpiece (such as, according to Life , at Gary Cooper 's funeral). During an appearance at Harvard University , Wayne was asked by a student, "Is it true that your toupée is real mohair ?" He responded: "[...] sir, that's real hair. Not mine, but real hair." A close friend, California Congressman Alphonzo E. Bell Jr. , wrote of Wayne: "Duke's personality and sense of humor were very close to what

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1518-1176: The 1983 TV miniseries Sadat . Also, some objected to the casting of Jennifer Lopez in Selena because she is a New York City native of Puerto Rican descent while Selena was Mexican American . Because the figures portrayed are actual people, whose actions and characteristics are known to the public (or at least historically documented), biopic roles are considered some of the most demanding of actors and actresses. Warren Beatty , Faye Dunaway , Ben Kingsley , Johnny Depp , Jim Carrey , Jamie Foxx , Robert Downey Jr. , Brad Pitt , Emma Thompson , Tom Hanks , Eddie Redmayne , and Cillian Murphy all gained new-found respect as dramatic actors after starring in biopics: Beatty and Dunaway as Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker in Bonnie and Clyde (1967), Kingsley as Mahatma Gandhi in Gandhi (1982), Depp as Ed Wood in Ed Wood (1994), Carrey as Andy Kaufman in Man on

1587-448: The 2009 issue of Cinema Journal . Roger Ebert defended The Hurricane and distortions in biographical films in general, stating "those who seek the truth about a man from the film of his life might as well seek it from his loving grandmother. ... The Hurricane is not a documentary but a parable ." Casting can be controversial for biographical films. Casting is often a balance between similarity in looks and ability to portray

1656-760: The Civil War, Wayne shares the lead with William Holden . Wayne notoriously portrayed Genghis Khan in The Conqueror (1956), which was panned by critics. In 1960, Wayne directed and produced The Alamo portraying Davy Crockett , with Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie . Wayne was nominated for an Oscar as the producer in the Best Picture category. That year Wayne also played the lead in Henry Hathaway 's North to Alaska also starring Stewart Granger and Ernie Kovacs . In 1961, Wayne shared

1725-654: The Duke ", was an American actor who became a popular icon through his starring roles in films which were produced during Hollywood's Golden Age , especially in Western and war movies. His career flourished from the silent era of the 1920s through the American New Wave , as he appeared in a total of 179 film and television productions. He was among the top box-office draws for three decades and appeared with many other important Hollywood stars of his era. In 1999,

1794-498: The Duke . His divorce from Esperanza Baur, a Mexican former actress, was stormy. She believed that Wayne and co-star Gail Russell were having an affair, a claim that both Wayne and Russell denied. The night the film Angel and the Badman (1947) wrapped, the usual party was held for cast and crew, and Wayne came home very late. Esperanza was in a drunken rage by the time he arrived, and she attempted to shoot him as he walked through

1863-478: The Hollyshorts Film Festival in 2018 and was nominated for Best Period Piece, and its London premiere at New Renaissance Film Festival, in which it won Best Debut Film. The film has received over 20 international awards and nominations with generally positive reviews, who praised the performances of Glascott, Taylor and McCusker, Ho's direction and Darius Shu 's cinematography of the film. At

1932-794: The Moon (1999), Downey as Charlie Chaplin in Chaplin (1992) and as Lewis Strauss in Oppenheimer (2023), Foxx as Ray Charles in Ray (2004), Thompson and Hanks as P. L. Travers and Walt Disney in Saving Mr. Banks (2013), Redmayne as Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything (2014), and Murphy as J. Robert Oppenheimer in Oppenheimer (2023). Some biopics purposely stretch

2001-565: The Sky (1953), The Wings of Eagles (1957), and Jet Pilot (1957). He appeared in nearly two dozen of John Ford's films over 20 years, including She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949), The Quiet Man (1952), and The Wings of Eagles (1957). The first movie in which he called someone "Pilgrim", Ford's The Searchers (1956), is often considered to contain Wayne's finest and most complex performance. On May 14, 1958, Hal Kanter 's I Married

2070-624: The age of eight, Gordon (played by Austin Taylor) is introduced to a much older man called Bill (played by Aaron McCusker ) by his mother, Cathleen (played by Fiona Glascott ). In 2017, producer Gordon Lewis and director Yewweng Ho teamed up with cinematographer Darius Shu to begin principal photography of the film. Fiona Glascott ( Brooklyn , Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald ), Aaron McCusker ( Bohemian Rhapsody , Shameless ) and Austin Taylor ( My Cousin Rachel , Doctor Who ) were cast in

2139-627: The bad guys, by not always making them fight clean. Wayne claimed, "Before I came along, it was standard practice that the hero must always fight clean. The heavy was allowed to hit the hero in the head with a chair or throw a kerosene lamp at him or kick him in the stomach, but the hero could only knock the villain down politely and then wait until he rose. I changed all that. I threw chairs and lamps. I fought hard and I fought dirty. I fought to win." Wayne's second breakthrough role came with John Ford's Stagecoach (1939). Because of Wayne's B-movie status and track record in low-budget Westerns throughout

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2208-455: The breathtaking scenery, it was filmed in two versions, a standard 35 mm version and another in the new 70 mm Grandeur film process, using an innovative camera and lenses. Many in the audience who saw it in Grandeur stood and cheered, but only a handful of theaters were equipped to show the film in its widescreen process, and the effort was largely wasted at the time. The film was considered

2277-612: The characteristics of the person. Anthony Hopkins felt that he should not have played Richard Nixon in Nixon because of a lack of resemblance between the two. The casting of John Wayne as Genghis Khan in The Conqueror was objected to because of the American Wayne being cast as the Mongol warlord. Egyptian critics criticized the casting of Louis Gossett Jr. , an African American actor, as Egyptian president Anwar Sadat in

2346-706: The classic collaboration between director Budd Boetticher and star Randolph Scott , and Gun the Man Down (1956) with contract player James Arness as an outlaw. One of Wayne's most popular roles was in The High and the Mighty (1954), directed by William Wellman , and based on a novel by Ernest K. Gann . His portrayal of a heroic copilot won widespread acclaim. Wayne also portrayed aviators in Flying Tigers (1942), Flying Leathernecks (1951), Island in

2415-562: The film and television industry. Son Ethan was billed as John Ethan Wayne in a few films, and played one of the leads in the 1990s update of the Adam-12 television series. Ethan has also appeared on the History Channel show Pawn Stars to help authenticate merchandise supposedly related to his father's career. Granddaughter Jennifer Wayne, daughter of Aissa, is a member of the country music group Runaway June . In 1973, Wayne

2484-677: The film as '...beautiful" and that it was '...brought to life in a sweet yet truthful way'. Biographical film Biopic scholars include George F. Custen of the College of Staten Island and Dennis P. Bingham of Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis . Custen, in Bio/Pics: How Hollywood Constructed Public History (1992), regards the genre as having died with the Hollywood studio era , and in particular, Darryl F. Zanuck . On

2553-430: The former generally dealing with great accomplishments, the latter generally dealing with female victimization. Ellen Cheshire's Bio-Pics: a life in pictures (2014) examines UK/US films from the 1990s and 2000s. Each chapter reviews key films linked by profession and concludes with further viewing list. Christopher Robé has also written on the gender norms that underlie the biopic in his article, "Taking Hollywood Back" in

2622-403: The front door. Wayne had several high-profile affairs, including one with Merle Oberon that lasted from 1938 to 1947. After his separation from Pilar, in 1973, Wayne became romantically involved and lived with his former secretary Pat Stacy (1941–1995) until his death in 1979. Stacy published a book about her life with him in 1983, titled Duke: A Love Story . Wayne's hair began to thin in

2691-530: The lead in Burt Kennedy 's The War Wagon with Kirk Douglas as the second lead. His second movie that year, Howard Hawks's El Dorado , a highly successful partial remake of Rio Bravo with Robert Mitchum playing Dean Martin's original role, premiered on June 7. In 1968, Wayne co-directed with Ray Kellogg The Green Berets , the only major film made during the Vietnam War in support of

2760-403: The lead in his final John Ford film, Donovan's Reef , co-starring Lee Marvin . On November 13, another film starring Wayne premiered, Andrew V. McLaglen 's McLintock! , once again opposite Maureen O'Hara . In 1964, Wayne played the leading role in Henry Hathaway's Circus World with Claudia Cardinale and Rita Hayworth . On February 15, 1965, Wayne played the brief cameo role of

2829-686: The lead with Stuart Whitman in Michael Curtiz 's The Comancheros . On May 23, 1962, Wayne starred in John Ford's The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance with James Stewart. May 29 marked the premiere of Howard Hawks's Hatari! , shot on location in Africa with Wayne playing the lead capturing wild animals from the beds of trucks; all the scenes with animals in the film are real. On October 4, The Longest Day started its theatrical run, with Wayne memorably acting with an ensemble cast. Although

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2898-512: The leading role of Jimmy Ringo in The Gunfighter (1950) to Gregory Peck due to his refusal to work for Columbia Pictures because its chief, Harry Cohn , had mistreated him years before when he was a young contract player. Cohn had bought the project for Wayne, but Wayne's grudge was too deep, and Cohn sold the script to Twentieth Century Fox , which cast Peck in the role Wayne badly wanted, but for which he refused to bend. Batjac ,

2967-676: The main roles for the film. Lewis is in talks to develop Secret Child into a full-length feature or a television series with his second book Secret to Sultan coming soon. Secret Child had its world premiere at the Hollyshorts Film Festival at the Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles on August 13, 2018. The film had its London premiere at Closeup Arthouse Cinema at the New Renaissance Film Festival on August 24, 2018. Anna Mayers from Close Up Culture praised

3036-483: The name was set. Wayne was not even present for the discussion. His pay was raised to $ 105 a week. The Big Trail was to be the first big-budget outdoor spectacle of the sound era, made at a then-staggering cost over $ 2 million (over $ 32.8 million equivalent in 2021), using hundreds of extras and wide vistas of the American Southwest , still largely unpopulated at the time. To take advantage of

3105-400: The other hand, Bingham's 2010 study Whose Lives Are They Anyway? The Biopic as Contemporary Film Genre shows how it perpetuates as a codified genre using many of the same tropes used in the studio era that has followed a similar trajectory as that shown by Rick Altman in his study, Film/Genre . Bingham also addresses the male biopic and the female biopic as distinct genres from each other,

3174-430: The other top-level actors in the film accepted a token payment of only $ 10,000 each to play their roles, making the all-star cast feasible for the budget, Wayne was paid a quarter of a million dollars due to an earlier dispute with producer Darryl F. Zanuck . During this time, the cast of the television drama, Combat! , were preparing for the inaugural season. The principal cast (including Vic Morrow ) were to go through

3243-502: The plot of The African Queen along with Katharine Hepburn as his leading lady. In 1976, Wayne starred in Don Siegel 's The Shootist , also starring Lauren Bacall , Ron Howard and James Stewart . It was Wayne's final cinematic role, whose main character, J. B. Books, was dying of cancer, to which Wayne himself succumbed three years later. It contains numerous plot similarities to The Gunfighter of nearly 30 years before,

3312-611: The production company co-founded by Wayne in 1952, was named after the fictional shipping company Batjak in Wake of the Red Witch (1948), a film based on the novel by Garland Roark . (A spelling error by Wayne's secretary was allowed to stand, accounting for the variation.) Batjac (and its predecessor, Wayne-Fellows Productions) was the arm through which Wayne produced many films for himself and other stars. Its best-known non-Wayne productions were Seven Men From Now (1956), which started

3381-463: The role of an estranged father who must track down a gang who kidnapped his grandson. The film was a critically acclaimed hit. In 1972, Wayne starred in Mark Rydell 's The Cowboys . Vincent Canby of The New York Times , who did not particularly care for the film, wrote: "Wayne is, of course, marvelously indestructible, and he has become an almost perfect father figure". The same year, he

3450-506: The role of the owner of a cattle ranch, who finds out that a businessman is trying to own neighboring land illegally. On September 16, Howard Hawks ' Rio Lobo premiered. Wayne played Col. Cord McNally, who confronts Confederate soldiers who stole a shipment of gold at the end of the Civil War. This was another remake of Rio Bravo albeit without a second lead the box office caliber of Dean Martin or Robert Mitchum. In June 1971, George Sherman 's Big Jake made its debut. Wayne played

3519-505: The role throughout the series' run on NBC . Director Robert Rossen offered the starring role in All the King's Men (1949) to Wayne, but he refused, believing the script to be un-American in many ways. Broderick Crawford , who was eventually cast in the role, won the 1949 Oscar for best male actor, ironically beating out Wayne, who had been nominated for Sands of Iwo Jima (1949). He lost

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3588-451: The series, an international spy/detective show, Wayne played Dan O'Brien, a detective who used alcoholism as a mask for his investigatory endeavors. The show was intended by Garnett to be a pilot of sorts for a film version, though the motion picture never came to fruition. No episodes of the series featuring Wayne seem to have survived, though a demonstration episode with Brian Donlevy in the leading role does exist. Wayne, not Donlevy, played

3657-637: The time that Wayne would become the biggest star ever because of his appeal as the archetypal "everyman". America's entry into World War II resulted in a deluge of support for the war effort from all sectors of society, and Hollywood was no exception. Wayne was exempted from service due to his age (34 at the time of Pearl Harbor ) and family status (classified as 3-A – family deferment). Wayne repeatedly wrote to John Ford saying he wanted to enlist, on one occasion inquiring whether he could get into Ford's military unit. Wayne did not attempt to prevent his reclassification as 1-A (draft eligible), but Republic Studios

3726-474: The truth. Confessions of a Dangerous Mind was based on game show host Chuck Barris ' widely debunked yet popular memoir of the same name, in which he claimed to be a CIA agent. Kafka incorporated both the life of author Franz Kafka and the surreal aspects of his fiction. The Errol Flynn film They Died with Their Boots On tells the story of Custer but is highly romanticized. The Oliver Stone film The Doors , mainly about Jim Morrison ,

3795-442: The war. Wayne wanted to make this movie because at that time Hollywood had little interest in making movies about the Vietnam War. During the filming of The Green Berets , the Degar or Montagnard people of Vietnam's Central Highlands, fierce fighters against communism, bestowed on Wayne a brass bracelet that he wore in the film and all subsequent films. Also that year, Wayne played the lead in Andrew V. McLaglen's Hellfighters ,

3864-457: The work of the OSS. Donovan later issued Wayne an OSS Certificate of Service to memorialize Wayne's contribution to the OSS mission. By many accounts, his failure to serve in the military later became the most painful part of his life. His widow later suggested that his patriotism in later decades sprang from guilt, writing: "He would become a 'superpatriot' for the rest of his life trying to atone for staying home." Wayne's first color film

3933-441: Was The Shepherd of the Hills (1941), in which he co-starred with his longtime friend Harry Carey . The following year, he appeared in his only film directed by Cecil B. DeMille , the Technicolor epic Reap the Wild Wind (1942), in which he co-starred with Ray Milland and Paulette Goddard ; it was one of the rare times he played a character with questionable values. Like most Hollywood stars of his era, Wayne appeared as

4002-474: Was a box office failure. In 1974, Wayne took on the role of the eponymous detective in John Sturges 's crime drama McQ . On March 25, 1975, Douglas Hickox 's Brannigan premiered. In it, Wayne played a Chicago police lieutenant named Jim Brannigan on the hunt in London for an organized-crime leader. On October 17, Rooster Cogburn started its theatrical run; Wayne reprised his role as U.S. Marshal Reuben J. "Rooster" Cogburn with strong elements of

4071-419: Was a box-office failure. He played leading roles in numerous B movies during the 1930s, most of them also Westerns, without becoming a major name. John Ford 's Stagecoach (1939) made Wayne a mainstream star, and he starred in 142 motion pictures altogether. According to biographer Ronald Davis, "John Wayne personified for millions the nation's frontier heritage." Wayne's other roles in Westerns included

4140-431: Was also the president of the Latin Society and contributed to the school's newspaper sports column. A local fireman at the station on his route to school in Glendale started calling him "Little Duke" because he never went anywhere without his huge Airedale Terrier , Duke. He preferred "Duke" to "Marion", and the nickname stuck. Wayne attended Wilson Middle School in Glendale. As a teen, he worked in an ice-cream shop for

4209-413: Was emphatically resistant to losing him, since he was their only A-list actor under contract. Herbert J. Yates , president of Republic, threatened Wayne with a lawsuit if he walked away from his contract, and Republic Pictures intervened in the Selective Service process, requesting Wayne's further deferment. U.S. National Archives records indicate that Wayne, in fact, did make an application to serve in

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4278-440: Was encouraged by Pilar, an avid tennis player, to build the John Wayne Tennis Club in Newport Beach, California. In 1995, the club was sold to Ken Stuart , former general manager, and became the Palisades Tennis Club . In The Quiet Man (1952), Wayne tells Michaeleen "Óge" Flynn (portrayed by Barry Fitzgerald ) that he is six feet "four and a half" (194 cm), an assertion corroborated by Pilar's book John Wayne: My Life With

4347-483: Was given on-screen credit as " Duke Morrison " only once, in Words and Music (1929). Director Raoul Walsh saw him moving studio furniture while working as a prop boy and cast him in his first starring role in The Big Trail (1930). For his screen name, Walsh suggested "Anthony Wayne", after Revolutionary War General "Mad" Anthony Wayne . Fox Studios chief Winfield Sheehan rejected it as sounding "too Italian". Walsh then suggested "John Wayne". Sheehan agreed, and

4416-676: Was highly praised for the similarities between Jim Morrison and actor Val Kilmer , look-wise and singing-wise, but fans and band members did not like the way Val Kilmer portrayed Jim Morrison, and a few of the scenes were even completely made up. In rare cases, sometimes called auto biopics , the subject of the film plays themself. Examples include Jackie Robinson in The Jackie Robinson Story (1950), Muhammad Ali in The Greatest (1977), Audie Murphy in To Hell and Back (1955), Patty Duke in Call Me Anna (1990), Bob Mathias in The Bob Mathias Story (1954), Arlo Guthrie in Alice's Restaurant (1969), Fantasia in Life Is Not

4485-646: Was nominated for an Oscar, a Golden Globe , a BAFTA film award , and a Writers Guild of America award. Wayne was married three times and divorced twice. His wives included one of Spanish American descent, Josephine Alicia Saenz, and two from Latin America, Esperanza Baur and Pilar Pallete . He had four children with Josephine: Michael Wayne (1934–2003), Mary Antonia "Toni" Wayne LaCava (1936–2000), Patrick Wayne (born 1939), and Melinda Wayne Munoz (1940–2022). He had three more children with Pilar: Aissa Wayne (born 1956), John Ethan Wayne (born 1962), and Marisa Wayne (born 1966). Several of Wayne's children entered

4554-400: Was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the highest civilian honor of the United States. Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26, 1907, at 224 South Second Street in Winterset, Iowa . The local paper, Winterset Madisonian , reported on page 4 of the edition of May 30, 1907, that Wayne weighed 13 lb (around 6 kg) at birth. Wayne claimed his middle name

4623-456: Was selected in the last round of the NFL draft by the Atlanta Falcons for his past football experience, though the pick was disallowed by league officials as he was 64 years old at the time. On February 7, 1973, Burt Kennedy's The Train Robbers opened; Wayne appeared alongside Ann-Margret , Rod Taylor and Ben Johnson . On June 27, Andrew V. McLaglen's Cahill U.S. Marshal premiered, with Wayne, George Kennedy and Gary Grimes . It

4692-468: Was soon changed from Robert to Michael when his parents decided to name their next son Robert, but extensive research has found no such legal change, although it might have been changed informally or the documentation may have been lost. Wayne's legal name apparently remained Marion Robert Morrison his entire life although to this day his original name is almost always referred to as Marion Michael Morrison. Wayne's father, Clyde Leonard Morrison (1884–1937),

4761-474: Was the son of American Civil War veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison (1845–1915). Wayne's mother, the former Mary "Molly" Alberta Brown (1885–1970), was from Lancaster County, Nebraska . Wayne had Scottish , Scotch-Irish , English , and Irish ancestry. His great-great-grandfather Robert Morrison (b. 1782) left County Antrim , Ireland, with his mother, arriving in New York in 1799 and eventually settling in Adams County, Ohio . The Morrisons were originally from

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