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237-509: Star Wars Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast is a 2002 first- and third-person shooter video game developed by Raven Software for Windows and Mac OS . Westlake Interactive ported the game to Mac OS X , while the Xbox and GameCube versions were ported by Vicarious Visions ; most versions were published by Activision and LucasArts , with only the Mac OS version published by Aspyr . The game

474-410: A FPS game engine as well as a customizable HUD , an auto-map , jumping, swimming, flying, shapeshifting with each metamorphosis featuring its own characteristics to adapt to each situation. Then it got enhanced with redbook audio narration , voiced dialogues which replaced the text boxes, two new levels, and 3D rendered cutscenes , then re-released on CD-ROM in 1994. ShadowCaster started

711-480: A National Film Board production, in which Kroitor says, "Many people feel that in the contemplation of nature and in communication with other living things, they become aware of some kind of force, or something, behind this apparent mask which we see in front of us, and they call it God". Although Lucas had Kroitor's line in mind specifically, Lucas said the underlying sentiment is universal and that "similar phrases have been used extensively by many different people for

948-427: A periscope viewfinder similar to submarine shooting arcade games such as Midway 's video game Sea Wolf (1976) and Sega 's electro-mechanical game Periscope (1966). Battlezone became the first successful mass-market game featuring a first-person viewpoint and wireframe 3D graphics , with a version later released for home computers in 1983. MIDI Maze , a first-person shooter released in 1987 for

1185-438: A sci-fi setting about a British secret agent named Blake Stone pursuing a mad scientist through his facilities like a sci-fi James Bond , a similar Wolf3D's gameplay of exploring mazes while battling various foes to find keycards required to unlock doors to reach each floor's exit all while searching every wall for secret areas filled with treasures for a higher score until each episode's last floor's boss but with

1422-598: A thesaurus to search synonyms for the word " construction ", and named his new game engine "Build". Apogee Software wanted Build since id Software went their own way and didn't want to license their new Doom engine (yet). Both Epic MegaGames and Apogee Software attempted to contract Ken Silverman who chose Apogee Software which he never explained his reasons however Epic Games expressed no regret since not relying on Ken Silverman motivated them to develop their own technologies, which paid off. Most shooters in this period were developed for IBM PC compatible computers. On

1659-527: A "Force-sensitive lineage" and suggesting that the Force can be used by anyone. Several Star Wars characters say " May the Force be with you " (or derivatives of it) and the expression has become a popular catchphrase . In 2005, "May the Force be with you" was chosen as number 8 on the American Film Institute 's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes list. May 4 is Star Wars Day , taken from

1896-412: A 14-day trial of Star Wars Galaxies in a compilation release entitled Star Wars: The Best of PC . It was released during the 2006 holiday season. A Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 port was announced on September 4, 2019; with a release date of September 24, 2019. Following Disney 's decision to close LucasArts on April 3, 2013, the developers at Raven Software released the source code for

2133-567: A SNES by itself which is why the SNES game cartridge was actually an adapter cartridge which required another licensed SNES game cartridge to be inserted into it in order to get Super 3D Noah's Ark to work despite being unlicensed. Star Wars: Dark Forces was released the 6th of February 1995 after LucasArts decided Star Wars would make appropriate material for a game in the style of Doom . However, Star Wars: Dark Forces improved on several technical features that Doom lacked, such as

2370-569: A bad side. We are part of the Force because we generate the power that makes the Force live. When we die, we become part of that Force, so we never really die; we continue as part of the Force." — George Lucas during a production meeting for The Empire Strikes Back Lucas and screenwriter Leigh Brackett decided that the Force and the Emperor would be the main concerns in The Empire Strikes Back (1980). The focus on

2607-501: A bunch of gobbledegook ". When writing The Force Awakens (2015) with Lawrence Kasdan , J. J. Abrams respected that Lucas had established midi-chlorians' effect on some characters' ability to use the Force. However, as a child, he interpreted Obi-Wan Kenobi 's explanation of the Force in Star Wars to mean that any character could use its power, and that the Force was more grounded in spirituality than science. Abrams retained

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2844-561: A character. Medal of Honor , released in 1999, gave birth to a long running proliferation of simulative first-person shooters set during World War II. Valve 's Half-Life was released in 1998, based upon Quake ' s graphics technology. Initially met with only mild anticipation, it went on to become a commercial success. While most of the previous first-person shooters on the IBM PC platform had focused on visceral gameplay with relatively weak or irrelevant plots, Half-Life placed

3081-486: A concept. Although Chris Taylor suggested fans want less detail, not more, in explaining the Force, Chris Bell argues that the introduction of midi-chlorians provided depth to the franchise and fomented engagement among fans and franchise writers. Religion expert John D. Caputo writes, "In the 'Gospel according to Lucas' a world is conjured up in which the intractable oppositions that have tormented religious thinkers for centuries are reconciled ... The gifts that

3318-504: A cult following; 1UP.com called it the "first multi-player 3D shooter on a mainstream system" and the first "major LAN action game". Id Software's Hovertank 3D pioneered ray casting technology in May 1991 to enable faster gameplay than 1980s vehicle simulators; and Catacomb 3-D introduced another advance, texture mapping , in November 1991. The second game to use texture mapping

3555-407: A durable close friendship between id Software and Raven Software as id will always share their technologies with Raven who will continuously use and upgrade them. Apogee Software , the publisher of Wolfenstein 3D , followed up its success and released another FPS game based on its engine titled Blake Stone: Aliens of Gold from another developer Jam Productions 5 December 1993 which featured

3792-401: A dystopian 3D first-person dungeon shooter, has been argued to be the first true FPS. This is due to the combination of a fully perspective-shifting 3D maze with enemies ahead, and what may be the earliest representation of weapons appearing in perspective in front of the player. A slightly more sophisticated first-person shooting mainframe game was Panther (1975), a tank simulator for

4029-482: A far bigger focus on strong narrative; the game featured no cut scenes but remained in the first-person perspective at all times. It capitalized heavily on the concepts of non-enemy characters (previously featured in many other titles, such as the Marathon series and Strife ) and wider in-game interactivity (as first introduced by the likes of Duke Nukem 3D and System Shock ) but did not employ power-ups in

4266-606: A far more believable 3D environment than Wolfenstein 3D 's levels, all of which had a flat-floor space and corridors. Doom allowed competitive matches between multiple players, termed "deathmatches", and the game was responsible for the word's subsequent entry into the video gaming lexicon. According to creator John Romero , the game's deathmatch concept was inspired by the competitive multiplayer of fighting games such as Street Fighter II and Fatal Fury . Doom became so popular that its multiplayer features began to cause problems for companies whose networks were used to play

4503-435: A far wider diversity of enemies, and added textured floors and ceilings, switches to find and to press to open new areas, traps, an auto-map , stats tracking, a grenade launcher, limited-use vending-machines , teleporters , enemies spawners, back-tracking to previous levels as well as some friendly NPCs in the form of scientists who would give the player hints and supplies provided the player didn't kill them. The game

4740-566: A former Academy student to Kyle, and senses his anger through the Force, so he requests that Kyle complete a series of trials to prove he will not succumb to the Dark Side again. Kyle passes the tests and obtains his lightsaber, before travelling to Nar Shaddaa, where Luke told him to seek out Reelo Baruk, a Rodian gangster. While searching for him, Kyle runs into Lando Calrissian, who has been imprisoned in Reelo's dungeons. Lando reveals that Reelo

4977-747: A former student of the Jedi Academy, who turned to the Dark Side after killing a fellow student and leaving the Order; Tavion ( Kath Soucie ), Desann's apprentice; Galak Fyyar ( Steve Blum ), an admiral in the Imperial Remnant and Desann's second-in-command; and Reelo Baruk ( Kevin Michael Richardson ), a crime lord with ties to the Imperial Remnant who poses as a "respectable garbage collector" on Nar Shaddaa . Throughout

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5214-510: A futuristic missions-based FPS game called CyClones . The name referred to Cybernetic Clones , the minions of aliens who had ravaged and devastated Earth . The game was in first person 3D , as was most other Raven games, so reusing the ShadowCaster engine and its tools was a natural choice. But within a short time, the team found that they wanted to do more with the game and engine than they had done before. A new, 100% in-house engine

5451-458: A greater emphasis on narrative, problem-solving and logic puzzles. In addition to shooting, melee combat may also be used extensively. In some games, melee weapons are especially powerful, as a reward for the risk the player must take in maneuvering his character into close proximity to the enemy. In other games, instead, melee weapons may be less effective but necessary as a last resort. " Tactical shooters " tend to be more realistic, and require

5688-405: A high enough midi-chlorian count to feel and use the Force. Midi-chlorians are sentient, and arguably were the first species to emerge in the Star Wars universe. The species was a foundation of all life, as some deemed life impossible without midi-chlorians, and ultimately resided in all living beings, connecting two aspects of the Force. The Living Force (also known as a spirit or life essence)

5925-487: A large scale by Doom . While its combination of gory violence , dark humor and hellish imagery garnered acclaim from critics, these attributes also generated criticism from religious groups and censorship committees, with many commentators labelling the game a "murder simulator". There was further controversy when it emerged that the perpetrators of the Columbine High School massacre were fans of

6162-532: A lengthy explanation of the Force of Others and introduces its Ashla light side and Bogan dark side. The Ashla and Bogan are mentioned 10 and 31 times, respectively, and the Force of Others plays a more prominent role in the story. In this draft, Luke Starkiller's mission is to retrieve the Kyber Crystal , which can intensify either the Ashla or Bogan powers. The film's shorter third draft has no references to

6399-429: A lightsaber combat system which requires players to wait and strike at the right moment. Jedi Outcast shipped on March 26, 2002, and was released on March 28, 2002. The game's SDK was released on April 22, 2002. This included a level editor , map compiler , model viewer, and shader editor and viewer. Since its release, hundreds of mods have been submitted to sites such as FileFront . A 66  MB demo of

6636-456: A medieval-themed/dark fantasy game using a modified version of id's Doom engine . Raven considered themselves as typical D&D fans and initially drafted the game with role-playing elements. They then took instruction from id programmer John Carmack to simply "do it like Doom , and add the fantasy flavor." Raven Software then used and upgraded the Doom engine and released Heretic

6873-575: A nearly fully destructible environment since the flamethrower could set people and environments on fire, which could make movement extremely hazardous for the player, especially since the fire randomly spread, and the grenade-launcher too could destroy any wall (with some hard coded exceptions). OBC also featured textured floors and ceilings and an auto-map like Blake Stone however, unlike BS , OBC featured more than one floor texture per level although its floors and ceilings' graphics were partially parallax meaning that they appeared to "warp" as

7110-462: A negative review, X-Play criticized the game as a "disturbance in the Force." Although reviewer Jason D'Aprile called the story "pretty good," the graphics "fantastic" and the audio effects "just right," he complained that the level design "succumbs to the Dark Side," citing "illogical and frustrating situations." He also considered the multiplayer mode "not very impressive" and gave the game 2 out of 5 stars. Eurogamer were also underwhelmed, scoring

7347-458: A new standard for first-person-shooter video-games widely emulated, improved, and still applied to this day. Tom Hall originally designed it to be a first-person infiltration game including stealth, hiding dead bodies, disguises and alarms, following the legacy of its predecessors, and the game engine does include these original features, however John Romero and John Carmack wanted a simple shooter and Tom Hall had to fight hard to even include

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7584-417: A newly designed aiming system that allowed players to aim at a precise spot on the screen. Though not the first of its kind, Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six started a popular trend of tactical first-person shooters in 1998. It featured a team-based, realistic design and themes based around counter-terrorism , requiring missions to be planned before execution and in it, a single hit was sometimes enough to kill

7821-413: A number of combos , many of which are unique to the selected saber style. Force powers (such as Push, Jump, and Lightning) are available in both single-player and multiplayer modes, but more powers can be used in the latter. The use of powers is restricted by a "Force Meter", which depletes with each use and gradually refills over time. The "level" of a Force power determines the strength of that power and

8058-807: A particularly potent power-up . These match types may also be customizable, allowing the players to vary weapons, health and power-ups found on the map, as well as victory criteria. Games may allow players to choose between various classes , each with its own strengths, weaknesses, equipment and roles within a team. There are many free-to-play first-person shooters on the market now, including Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory , Apex Legends , Team Fortress 2 , PlanetSide 2 , and Halo Infinite Multiplayer . Some games are released as free-to-play as their intended business model and can be highly profitable ( League of Legends earned $ 2 billion in 2017), but others such as Warhammer 40,000: Eternal Crusade begin their life as paid games and become free-to-play later to reach

8295-428: A post on his .plan file, revealing that Rich Whitehouse had been brought onto the development team to handle development of the game's multiplayer bots. Whitehouse moved on to tackle the entirety of the game's multiplayer codebase , and was subsequently credited as the game's sole multiplayer programmer. Designer Chris Foster has stated that most members of the team had many responsibilities due to its small size. One of

8532-551: A protagonist who delivers regular one-liners , commenting upon the situation at hand. Much of the humor is derived from over-the-top, stereotypical portrayals of Asian culture . Based on the James Bond film , Rare 's GoldenEye 007 was released in 1997, and as of 2004 it was still the best-selling Nintendo 64 game in the United States. It has been the first landmark first-person shooter for console gamers and

8769-477: A reasonable level of immersion in the game world , and this type of game helped pushing technology progressively further, challenging hardware developers worldwide to introduce numerous innovations in the field of graphics processing units . Multiplayer gaming has been an integral part of the experience, and became even more prominent with the diffusion of internet connectivity in recent years. Although earlier games predate it by 20 years, Wolfenstein 3D (1992)

9006-501: A religion based on the Force. Practitioners of Jediism pray to and express gratitude to the Force. Scientists are mostly skeptical about a "real world" explanation for the Force. Astrophysicist Jeanne Cavelos says in The Science of Star Wars that explaining the Force is particularly difficult because "it does so many different things". Force powers like precognition imply the time travel of information. Cavelos explores

9243-581: A rifle, or even limiting the players to only one weapon of choice at a time, forcing them to swap between different alternatives according to the situation. In some games, there's the option to trade up or upgrade weapons, resulting in multiple degrees of customization. Thus, the standards of realism are extremely variable. The protagonist can generally get healing and equipment supplies by means of collectible items such as first aid kits or ammunition packs, simply by walking over, or interacting with them. Some games allow players to accumulate experience points in

9480-435: A role-playing game fashion, that can generally be used to unlock new weapons, bonuses and skills. First-person shooters may be structurally composed of levels , or use the technique of a continuous narrative in which the game never leaves the first-person perspective. Others feature large sandbox environments, which are not divided into levels and can be explored freely. In first-person shooters, protagonists interact with

9717-561: A secret door. It also included vertical aiming, jumping, various missions objectives as well as one of the first training modes in a FPS game. Apogee Software 's Rise of the Triad: Dark War , released the 21th of December 1994, began as a sequel to Wolfenstein 3D , but was soon altered and became a stand-alone game . The game included "ludicrous" gibs, bullet holes persisted, and sheets of glass could be shattered by shooting or running through them. Bungie Software released

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9954-602: A short extension for Wolfenstein 3D titled Spear of Destiny released the 19th of September 1992 to tease the players with the Hell to come in Doom as Spear of Destiny concluded into Hell, then two years later, Doom 2 included two secret levels featuring Wolfenstein in Hell while re-using Spear of Destiny 's Hell final level's music to close the loop. Ken Silverman decided to develop his own game engine after he played Wolfenstein 3D in 1992. His first game , that he named Walken as in "Ken's Walking simulator",

10191-429: A similar genre with a first-person perspective which uses dedicated light gun peripherals, in contrast to the use of conventional input devices. Light-gun shooters (like Virtua Cop ) often feature "on-rails" (scripted) movement, whereas first-person shooters give the player complete freedom to roam the surroundings. The first-person shooter may be considered a distinct genre itself, or a type of shooter game, in turn

10428-533: A sound effect, such as a deep rumble associated with aggressive use or a more high-pitched sound associated with benevolent use. Jedi with special training can continue to exist after death, and some interact with the living as "being[s] of light" referred to as "Force ghosts." Obi-Wan's spirit provides Luke with guidance at key moments in the original trilogy, and Yoda appears as a spirit to guide Luke in The Last Jedi . Voices of past Jedi help Rey at

10665-493: A still active community. Many sci-fi games both from Bungie themselves and from other studios have cited the Marathon trilogy as a huge influence on their stories and settings such as the series Halo , Destiny , Mass Effect and Warframe . After having provided a modified Wolfenstein 3D engine to Raven Software for ShadowCaster and being impressed by the final result, id Software requested that Raven develop

10902-562: A story which they felt was consistent with the films, and the cameos from some key Star Wars characters (namely Luke Skywalker and Lando Calrissian). Jedi Outcast was nominated for Computer Gaming World ' s 2002 "Action Game of the Year" award, which ultimately went to Medal of Honor: Allied Assault . The editors wrote, " Jedi Knight II is a blast, and the force powers and lightsaber control are perfectly executed." However, they found it too lacking in originality and consistency to win

11139-488: A subgenre of the wider action game genre. Following the release of Doom in 1993, games in this style were commonly referred to as " Doom clones "; over time this term has largely been replaced by "first-person shooter". Wolfenstein 3D, released in 1992, the year before Doom , has been often credited with introducing the genre, but critics have since identified similar, though less advanced, games developed as far back as 1973. There are occasional disagreements regarding

11376-424: A supposedly abandoned Imperial outpost on Kejim , finding it to be crawling with Imperial forces. They fight their way through the base, discovering a research center studying crystals similar to those used to power lightsabers. Tracing the crystals' origin, Kyle and Jan travel to Artus Prime , a mining colony turned into an Imperial stronghold, where the miners have been enslaved and experimented upon. Katarn thwarts

11613-488: A team of American scientists which opened a portal and connected Earth to another world from which an alien invasion started into the research facility . Corridor 7 added animated textures such as computer screens, distant shading which darkened distant areas to limit the player's sight's distance, dark areas and night vision mode to see into them, some invisible aliens and traps which could only be seen through infrared vision mode, some energy stations to recharge

11850-543: A toy, called the Force Trainer , which uses EEG to read users' beta waves to lift a training droid-themed ball with a shaft of air. The New Republic , Townhall , The Atlantic , and others have compared various political machinations to the "Jedi mind trick", a Force power used to undermine opponents' perceptions and willpower. Critic Tim Robley compared the Force to the ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz (1939), with both being entities that send

12087-442: A type of shooter game that relies on a first-person point of view with which the player experiences the action through the eyes of the character . They differ from third-person shooters in that, in a third-person shooter, the player can see the character they are controlling (usually from behind, or above). The primary design focus is combat, mainly involving firearms or other types of long range weapons. A defining feature of

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12324-417: A variety of explosives. Players have health and shield meters, each of which is replenished separately. Jedi Outcast places a strong emphasis on lightsaber combat. As in the films, lightsabers can be used to deflect shots from blasters. The game offers three lightsaber styles; fast, medium and strong, with each style differing from the others in terms of the speed of attacks and damage dealt. There are also

12561-623: A variety of multiplayer modes that differ slightly across platforms. On PC and Macintosh, multiplayer matches can be played over a local area network (LAN) or the Internet, allowing for larger, more dynamic battles. Console versions, however, limit multiplayer combat to two players. In multiplayer, players can join community-hosted dedicated servers found via the in-game server list. These servers allow hosts to customize gameplay by adding mods, maps, and character models. Standard multiplayer modes, including "Free-for-All," "Team Deathmatch," and "Capture

12798-513: A varying number of enemies. Because they take place in a 3D environment, these games tend to be somewhat more realistic than 2D shooter games, and have more accurate representations of gravity, lighting, sound and collisions. First-person shooters played on personal computers are most often controlled with a combination of a keyboard and mouse . This system has been claimed as superior to that found in console games, which frequently use two analog sticks : one used for running and sidestepping,

13035-581: A version for Mac OS X was released on October 28, 2002. The Xbox and GameCube versions were released on November 19 in North America and three days later on November 22 in Europe. On November 15, 2006, LucasArts announced that Jedi Outcast would feature with Star Wars: Battlefront , Star Wars: Empire at War , Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic , Star Wars: Republic Commando and

13272-436: A wider audience after an initially disappointing reception. Some player communities complain about freemium first-person-shooters, fearing that they create unbalanced games, but many game designers have tweaked prices in response to criticism, and players can usually get the same benefits by playing longer rather than paying. The earliest two documented first-person shooter video games are Maze War and Spasim . Maze War

13509-541: Is a sci-fi story revolving around a neural drug named Tek and the Matrix, a virtual reality (four years before the first Matrix movie ). The video-game featured FMVs, digitized live-actors and actresses, a stun gun to neutralize people in a non-lethal fashion , and gibs and dropped the player into a lively open-world future Los Angeles , making it the first FPS game which featured an open-world modern city, full of civilians, cops and enemies where civilians panicked if

13746-427: Is a video game centered on gun fighting and other weapon-based combat seen from a first-person perspective , with the player experiencing the action directly through the eyes of the main character . This genre shares multiple common traits with other shooter games , and in turn falls under the action games category. Since the genre's inception, advanced 3D and pseudo-3D graphics have proven fundamental to allow

13983-533: Is a conscious choice between good and bad, and "the world works better if you're on the good side". In 1970s San Francisco , where Lucas lived when he wrote the drafts that became Star Wars , New Age ideas that incorporated the concept of qi and other notions of a mystical life-force were "in the air" and widely embraced. Lucas used the term the Force to "echo" its use by Canadian cinematographer Roman Kroitor in Arthur Lipsett 's 21-87 (1963),

14220-671: Is a sequel to 1997's Star Wars Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II , and the third main installment in the Star Wars: Jedi Knight series. The single-player campaign, set in the fictional Star Wars expanded universe two years after the Mysteries of the Sith expansion for Dark Forces II , follows returning protagonist Kyle Katarn , a mercenary working for the New Republic and former Jedi who cut his connection to

14457-528: Is an extension of Filoni's conversations with Lucas about the nature of the Force. Filoni credits the prequel films for better developing the concept of the Force, particularly the idea of a balance between the light and dark sides. Obi-Wan Kenobi describes the Force as "an energy field created by all living things" in Star Wars . In The Phantom Menace , Qui-Gon says microscopic lifeforms called midi-chlorians, which exist inside all living cells, allow some characters to be Force-sensitive; characters must have

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14694-551: Is better served on an Xbox controller than it is in the PC's typical mouse and keyboard setup." However, he too criticized the lack of Xbox Live support and the poor graphical quality of the cutscenes. Game Revolution gave the game a B+, praising the controls and atmosphere, but criticizing the AI and lack of Xbox Live support. Eurogamer were as unimpressed with the Xbox version as they had been with

14931-709: Is part of a cortosis smuggling operation in Cloud City, which has been taken over by the Empire and Reelo's men. After Kyle frees Lando, the pair make their escape in the latter's ship, the Lady Luck ; killing Reelo when he tries to stop them. On Bespin, Lando drops Kyle off at the bottom of Cloud City, and while making his way up the city structure, the latter has his first encounters with the Reborn, Desann's Force-wielding soldiers. After helping Lando's men reclaim control of

15168-624: Is preparing for a full-scale planetary assault. As Kyle boards the Doomgiver , he sees Luke fighting Desann outside the ship, but can't intervene because the Star Destroyer jumps into hyperspace . Kyle uses the ship's communications array to contact Rogue Squadron, and finds Jan in the detention block, who reveals that Desann was not specifically interested in the Valley of the Jedi, but rather

15405-647: Is sometimes referred to in terms of "dark" and "light" sides, with villains like the Sith drawing on the dark side to act aggressively while the Jedi use the light side for defense and peace. According to Filoni, Lucas believed a character's intentions when using the Force—their "will to be selfless or selfish"—is what distinguishes light and dark sides. The Force is also used by characters who are neither Jedi nor Sith, such as Leia Organa and Kylo Ren . Characters throughout

15642-470: Is the "Tome of Power" which acts as a secondary firing mode for certain weapons, resulting in a much more powerful projectile for each weapon, some of which change the look of the projectile entirely, then Raven added two more episodes and re-released it as Heretic: Shadow of the Serpent Riders the 31st of March 1996. Super 3D Noah's Ark , developed on Wolf3D engine and published by

15879-482: Is the energy generated by all living things. Through midi-chlorians, it is fed into the Cosmic Force, which bounds all things and communicates with living sentient beings. In 1981, Lucas compared using the Force to yoga , saying any character can use its power. Dave Filoni said in 2015 that all Star Wars characters are "Force intuitive": some characters, like Luke Skywalker , are aware of their connection to

16116-500: The Halo and Destiny series which took a lot from the Marathon trilogy which is no more exclusive to Mac since Bungie Software open-sourced it in 2000 then released the original trilogy as freeware in 2005, some fans have source-ported it to Windows and Linux as well as remastered them using the open-source engine Aleph One and have even been developing many new scenarios, total conversions, and multiplayer maps sustaining

16353-509: The PlanetSide series allow thousands of players to compete at once in a persistent world . Large scale multiplayer games allow multiple squads, with leaders issuing commands and a commander controlling the team's overall strategy. Multiplayer games have a variety of different styles of match. The classic types are the deathmatch (and its team-based variant) in which players score points by killing other players' characters; and capture

16590-521: The Atari ST , featured maze-based gameplay and character designs similar to Pac-Man , but displayed in a first-person perspective. Later ported to various systems—including the Game Boy and Super NES under the title Faceball 2000 —it featured the first network multiplayer deathmatches , using a MIDI interface. Despite the inconvenience of connecting numerous machines together, it gained

16827-494: The Build engine for MS DOS , but was later spun off into releases for Sega Saturn and Sony PlayStation using developer Lobotomy Software 's in-house SlaveDriver engine. While the PC version is a traditional linear first-person shooter, the console versions feature non-linear progression and unlockable player abilities reminiscent of a metroidvania . Strife , developed by Rogue Entertainment and published by Velocity Inc.

17064-664: The Doomsday engine and completely remastered by its modding community . The 12th of March 1994, the Japanese company Exact released Geograph Seal for the Sharp X68000 home computer. An obscure import title as far as the Western market is concerned, it was nonetheless an early example of a 3D polygonal first-person shooter, with innovative platform game mechanics and free-roaming outdoor environments. CyClones

17301-545: The GHOUL 2 animation system, seen in Raven's Soldier of Fortune II: Double Helix . The polygon capacity of the engine had also been doubled. The game was also on display at id's QuakeCon 2001 , where enemy AI and combat were demonstrated. LucasArts announced that the game would feature multiplayer, although due to being early in development little information was revealed. On July 17, 2001, multiplayer developer Pat Lipo made

17538-618: The Georgia Institute of Technology School of Physics suggests a fifth force would carry two types of charge—one for the light side and one for the dark—and that each would be carried by its own particle. Nepomuk Otte, also from Georgia Tech, cautions that Newton's third law of motion says telekinesis would apply a force back on the Force-wielding character. Fabien Paillusson from the University of Lincoln argues that

17775-655: The Great Jedi Purge depicted in the prequel trilogy, some characters have lost faith in the Force, and the Galactic Empire hunts down surviving Jedi and other Force-sensitive characters. By the time of the events in The Force Awakens , some characters think the Jedi and the Force are myths. Some Force-sensitive characters derive special, psychic abilities from it, such as telekinesis , mind control , and extrasensory perception . The Force

18012-636: The Macintosh side, Bungie released its first shooter, Pathways into Darkness in August 1993, which featured more adventure and narrative elements alongside first-person shooter gameplay. Pathways had been inspired by Wolfenstein 3D , and born out of an attempt to take their previous top-down dungeon exploration game Minotaur: The Labyrinths of Crete into a 3D setting. ShadowCaster , developed by Raven Software and published by Origin Systems

18249-544: The PLATO system . Atari's first-person tank shooter arcade video game Battlezone (1980), modeled closely after PLATO Panther, was released for arcades and presented using a vector graphics display , with the game designed by Ed Rotberg. It is considered to be the first successful first-person shooter video game, making it a milestone for the genre. It was primarily inspired by Atari's top-down arcade shooter game Tank (1974). The original arcade cabinet also employed

18486-479: The PlayStation console, called Jumping Flash! , which placed more emphasis on its platform elements. Witchaven , developed by Capstone Software and published by their parent company IntraCorp the 20th of September 1995, was the first commercial game licensed on Apogee Software rebranded 3D Realms ' Ken Silverman 's new Build engine to rival id Software 's John Carmack 's Doom engine and

18723-449: The SNES version was itself a mere reskin from Wolfenstein 3D's SNES version as well however the PC version did upgrade some things upon Wolfenstein 3D such as textured floors (like Blake Stone ) along with higher resolutions graphics and MIDI music, and added a new gameplay feature such as quizzes which tested the player's religious knowledge whose rewards were more ammo to keep playing

18960-466: The Soviet Union to the Galactic Empire . The Gospel According to Star Wars says that Reagan's invocation of the Force was actually perverting Star Wars ' "self-dispossessing" (or other-focused) ethos: [The] blessing "May the Force be with you" is the expression of a hope for others ("May the Force be with you "), not for ourselves as with Reagan ("The Force is with us "). Moreover,

19197-466: The christian video-games company Wisdom Tree (formerly named Color Dreams ) the 1st of January 1995, was the first non-violent FPS game along with being the first religious FPS game ( Doom was already based on christian mythology as well since the enemy was christian's Hell however unlike Super 3D Noah's Ark , it merely used it as a setting and didn't attempt to teach religion) which featured Noah from Abrahamic mythology 's Noah's Ark as

19434-428: The crosshair was not fixed at the center of the screen on which it could move freely as opposite to nowadays standard fixed aiming, CyClones 's aiming was comparable to Metroid Prime ' s years later. CyClones used the mouse not only for aiming but also for picking up objects and interacting with the environment such as doors and switches and even revealed secret doors since the crosshair changed color upon pointing

19671-416: The protagonist and re-used Wolfenstein 3D 's gameplay and level-design while replacing enemies' death animations by seemingly friendly animals falling asleep upon being hit by the player's weapon which was a slingshot shooting food to feed the unresting hungry animals aboard goats filled Noah's Ark made of the recycled original maps from Wolfenstein 3D including the same items' placements and even

19908-722: The pun "May the Fourth be with you". The expression was intentionally similar to the Christian dominus vobiscum , "the Lord be with you". President Ronald Reagan in 1985 said "the Force is with us", referring to the United States , to create the Strategic Defense Initiative (itself often nicknamed Star Wars ) to protect against Soviet ballistic missiles . Some weeks earlier, Reagan had compared

20145-420: The sci-fi FPS game Marathon the 21th of December 1994 still exclusively on Mac , which streamlined concepts from their previous game Pathways Into Darkness by eliminating role-playing elements in favor of the shooter action spurred by Doom 's success. Marathon was highly successful, leading to two sequels Marathon 2: Durandal released the 24th of November 1995 then Marathon: Infinity released

20382-417: The "slow start" and "too much puzzle-solving." However, he was very impressed with the interface, arguing "never before has melee combat in a shooter been so effectively executed," and he concluded by saying "the game's strong points - especially its combat - overshadow whatever problems Jedi Outcast may have early on," calling it "simply one of the easiest games to recommend this year." Game Over Online gave

20619-501: The "tightly written, mature plot," and wrote "not only is this one of the greatest Star Wars games I've ever played, it's one of the best action games period." He also commended the "fantastic" graphics and "intelligent" level design, although he was critical of the puzzles, the lightsaber interface, and complained that "the game starts too slowly." GameSpot also scored the game 9 out of 10 and, like IGN, also gave it an "Editor's Choice" award. Reviewer Amer Ajami echoed IGN's criticisms of

20856-560: The 15th of May 1996, was the last commercial game which used and modified the Doom engine before id released the new Quake engine the following month and it introduced some RPVG 's features into the standard FPS formula such as an actual lively open-world filled with NPCs , dialogues with choices of answers, some of them were even voiced, trade, reinforcements who engage the enemies in battle, mandatory and optional quests, character's evolution of his abilities, an intriguing plot branching into different routes and conclusions according to

21093-514: The 15th of October 1996 to form the Marathon Trilogy , and becoming the standard for FPS games on Mac which pioneered or was an early adopter of several new gameplay features such as default freelook , ammo clips and weapons reloading though not manually, forcing the player to keep an eye on their ammo clips to anticipate the next reloading, dual-wielded and dual-function weapons, a motion sensor to detect both enemies and allies in

21330-425: The 17th of March 1995 ), a game in which the player pilots a spacecraft around caves and factory ducts, was among the earliest truly three-dimensional first-person shooters. It abandoned sprites and ray casting in favour of polygonal models and allowed movement through all of the six possible degrees of freedom . The 28th of April 1995, the Japanese company Exact released the successor to Geograph Seal for

21567-783: The 2000s, including Jedi Outcast , reached 920,000 units in the United States by August 2006. Jedi Outcast ' s computer version also received a "Silver" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom. In the German market, Jedi Knight II debuted as the best-selling full-price computer game of April 2002. It dropped to fifth place in May, 11th in June and 21st in July. In August,

21804-414: The 23th of December 1994 which introduced larger maps , vertical aiming, flying, gibs , randomized ambient sound effects, interactive environments such as rushing water and winds which push the player along, an inventory system to store and select many different items which range from health potions to the "morph ovum" which transforms enemies into chickens and one of the most notable item that can be found

22041-567: The 27th of October 1993, used a heavily modified version of Wolf3D engine made by John Carmack during summer 1992 who offered it to Raven Software after he was impressed with their first RPVG Black Crypt because he was curious about how Raven would use his game engine to make a RPVG instead of a FPSG. ShadowCaster was the first commercial game released with classic "2.5D Doom engine " improvements such as distance fogging, non-orthogonal walls, textured ceilings and floors, etc before Doom itself came out. It introduced some RPG elements into

22278-402: The 5th of May 1992 in which the player had to explore mazes while battling Nazis to find keys required to unlock doors to reach each floor's exit all while searching every wall for secret areas filled with treasures for a higher score until each episode's last floor's boss and was an instant success because of its first episode's distribution and spread as shareware whereas the second and

22515-457: The 6th of May 1996, was a sequel to the first Witchaven which set the knight from the first game onto an even more perilous quest to rescue the princess abducted by the witch 's sister seeking vengeance, still licensed on 3D Realms ' Build engine , it added dual weapons wielding or wielding a shield in the place of the second weapon as well as a map editor to let players create and share their own maps , however Capstone didn't fix

22752-640: The Ashla, but it mentions the Bogan eight times and Luke is still driven to recover the Kyber Crystal. Lucas finished the fourth and near-final draft on January 1, 1976. This version trims "the Force of Others" to "the Force", makes a single reference to the Force's seductive " dark side ", distills an explanation of the Force to 28 words, and eliminates the Kyber Crystal. Producer Gary Kurtz , who studied comparative religion in college, had long discussions with Lucas about religion and philosophy throughout

22989-477: The Emperor was later shifted to Return of the Jedi (1983), and the dark side of the Force was treated as The Empire Strikes Back ' s main villain. The Phantom Menace (1999) introduces midi-chlorians (or midichlorians ), microscopic creatures that connect characters to the Force. Lucas later requested a passage about midi-chlorians be retroactively added to notes written in August 1977 expanding on

23226-584: The Flag," can be played with other players, AI-controlled bots, or a combination of both. Server hosts can also create unique, custom game modes tailored to their preferred gameplay experiences. Players can choose a playable avatar from nearly every character in the game, as well as certain characters from the Star Wars films not seen in the single-player mode. Players can also personalize their lightsaber color. Servers can also support custom-imported avatar models, lightsaber colors, and animations. Before each match,

23463-442: The Force "a mixture of what appears to be ESP and early Christian faith." It has been studied in a religious context from an academic perspective. The Magic of Myth compares the sharp distinction between the good "light side" and evil "dark side" of the Force to Zoroastrianism , which posits that "good and evil, like light and darkness, are contrary realities". The connectedness between the light and dark sides has been compared to

23700-561: The Force . Katarn must return to his Jedi ways to stop a branch of the Imperial Remnant led by the Dark Jedi Desann from empowering their army with the Force. Jedi Outcast was developed using a more powerful game engine , id Tech 3 . The hack and slash combat introduced in Dark Forces II was heavily reworked, becoming the main focus of the gameplay instead of the shooter elements, which are prominent only during

23937-476: The Force and how it works, the more it took away from its core meaning. Kotaku suggests Rian Johnson depicted more nuance in the Force in The Last Jedi than Lucas did in his films. According to Rob Weinert-Kendt, the "Force theme" in John Williams ' score represents the power and responsibility of wielding the Force. Paranormal abilities like the Force are a common device in science fiction, and

24174-541: The Force and science-fiction tropes . These Ewok films have been described as depicting "sorcery" that is distinct from the Force powers depicted in the first six Star Wars films. Drawing from the Star Wars roleplaying game sourcebook he co-authored in 1987, Bill Slavicsek says that "The Ewoks' mystical beliefs contain many references to the Force, though it is never named as such." In his 1977 review of Star Wars , Vincent Canby of The New York Times called

24411-460: The Force can do." Johnson observed that every Star Wars movie introduces new Force powers to meet that film's story needs. Star Wars Rebels producer Dave Filoni cites several influences on how the Force is used in the show. The character Bendu —named in homage to the term Lucas originally associated with the Jedi—does not align with the franchise's normal dark-or-light duality, and this role

24648-458: The Force has been compared to the role magic plays in the fantasy genre. The Star Wars films illustrate that characters not familiar with the particulars of the Force associate it with mysticism and magic, such as when an Imperial officer alludes to the "sorcerer's ways" of Darth Vader. The depiction of the Force in Star Wars has been compared to that of magic in Harry Potter , with

24885-625: The Force of the Star Wars universe reflects our own quest for understanding the forces of the world we live in. National Geographic compared the Higgs boson 's role as "carrier" of the Higgs field to the way Jedi are "carriers" of the Force. A previsualization video highlighting the idea of "kicking someone's ass with the Force" steered LucasArts game designers toward producing The Force Unleashed (2008), which sold six million copies as of July 2009. In 2009, Uncle Milton Industries released

25122-519: The Force, which is ... Lucas's tribute to something beyond science: imagination, the soul, God in man ... It appears in various contradictory and finally nonsensical guises, a facile and perfunctory bow to metaphysics. I wish that Lucas had had the courage of his materialistic convictions, instead dragging in a sop to a spiritual force the main thrust of the movie so cheerfully ignores. The introduction of midi-chlorians in The Phantom Menace

25359-400: The Force, while characters such as Han Solo draw upon the Force unconsciously. Filoni said the most potent Force users are characters whose midi-chlorian count provides a natural affinity for using the Force and who undertake intense training and discipline. Rogue One (2016) portrays the Force more as a religion "than simply a way to manipulate objects and people". In the years following

25596-420: The Force. It's depicted as ... something supernatural within this universe, but it's not the same thing as a personal god that Christians or Jews or Muslims might believe in. It's this impersonal force that is in some ways this neutral, impersonal energy that is out there to be used for good or for evil." At one point, Francis Ford Coppola suggested to George Lucas that they use their combined fortunes to start

25833-515: The GameCube version 8.2 out of 10. As with the Xbox version, Ajami was critical of the cutscene graphics, but concluded that " Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast makes a fine addition to the Nintendo console's gradually growing list of action games." GameSpy gave the same version three-and-a-half stars out of five. Reviewer Scott Steinberg was critical of the game's slow start and the nature of some of

26070-668: The Hill, Kill the Man with the Ball, and cooperative campaign) and a map editor for players to create and share their own maps for the games. The Marathon games also had a strong emphasis on storytelling in addition to the action, which revolved around evolving relationships between the human player's character and some AIs during a surprise invasion and subsequent war against a hostile alien Empire which already conquered and enslaved some other alien species, much like Bungie's future projects such as

26307-619: The Imperial operation, but Jan is captured by the Dark Jedi Desann and his apprentice Tavion. Kyle tries to rescue her, but, having forsaken the ways of the Jedi, he is easily defeated by Desann, who orders Tavion to kill Jan before they leave. An enraged Kyle travels to the Valley of the Jedi (a major plot element in Dark Forces II ) to regain his Force powers, and then to the Jedi Academy to reclaim his lightsaber, which he had left with Luke Skywalker. Luke reveals Desann's origins as

26544-532: The Jedi and around two years after Mysteries of the Sith . As with the previous installments in the series, the player controls Kyle Katarn (voiced by Jeff Bennett ), a former Jedi who has cut his links with the Force after almost succumbing to the Dark Side. At the start of the game he is a mercenary working for the New Republic . Over the course of the game, Kyle is joined by several characters that assist him in varying measures, including his mercenary partner and love interest Jan Ors ( Vanessa Marshall );

26781-544: The Jedi Academy, which he is invading just now to harvest its Force power. After killing Fyyar and destroying the Doomgiver ' s shield reactor, which leaves the ship open for attack, Kyle escapes with Jan in a safe pod , moments before Rogue Squadron destroy the Doomgiver . Kyle and Jan arrive on Yavin IV, in the middle of the Imperial invasion, and split up: the latter goes to assist the New Republic starfighters, while

27018-439: The Jedi masters enjoy have a perfectly plausible scientific basis, even if its ways are mysterious". Characters' faith in the Force reinforces Rogue One ' s message of hope. The A.V. Club said Rian Johnson's depiction of the Force in The Last Jedi goes "beyond George Lucas' original transcendental concept". Polygon said Johnson's film "democratize[s] the Force", depicting Force sensitivity in characters from outside

27255-547: The Lenico Belt. At the base, Kyle runs into Luke, who informs him that Desann has used the Valley's energy to empower an army of Reborn which could number in the thousands. After fighting several Reborn together, Kyle and Luke split up to find the Doomgiver . Along the way, the former has his first encounter with the Shadowtroopers, and discovers that the base is actually an assault ship construction facility, which

27492-674: The PC version, scoring it 6 out of 10. Reviewer Kristan Reed found a lot of the problems with the game to be inherent to the original, not problems with the port - a slow beginning, poor AI, bad level design, repetitive puzzles. Reed called the lack of Xbox Live support "plain unacceptable" and concluded " Jedi Outcast is certainly an entertaining package when it gets things right, but it's also riddled with design flaws, technical flaws and various minor irritations that conspire to detract from your overall enjoyment. Given that it's also not Live (or even LAN) enabled, Xbox owners don't even have that crumb of comfort to elevate its status." GameSpot scored

27729-550: The Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland (VUD) presented Jedi Knight II with a "Gold" certification, for sales of at least 100,000 units across Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Despite the early success of Jedi Knight II ' s computer version in the German market, it lost momentum at retail, reaching around 150,000 units sold by May 2003. The game's distributor attributed this to widespread illegal copying . First-person shooter A first-person shooter ( FPS )

27966-455: The Whills, beings that "control the universe" and "feed off the Force." He elaborated that individuals function as "vehicles for the Whills to travel around in", and that midi-chlorians "communicate with the Whills [who] in a general sense ... are the Force." After selling Lucasfilm to Disney in 2012, Lucas said his biggest concern about the franchise's future was the Force being "muddled into

28203-404: The ability to crouch, jump, or look and aim up and down. Dark Forces also was one of the first games to incorporate 3D-designed objects rendered into the game's 2.5D graphics engine. The game's success launched the Star Wars: Jedi Knight series, beginning with the direct sequel Star Wars Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II the 9th of October 1997. Descent (released by Parallax Software

28440-408: The additional support and encouragement for game modifications attracted players who wanted to tinker with the game and create their own modules. According to creator John Romero, Quake ' s 3D world was inspired by the 3D fighting game Virtua Fighter . Quake was also intended to expand the genre with Virtua Fighter influenced melee brawling , but this element was eventually scrapped from

28677-607: The amount depleted from the Force meter during its use. The multiplayer mode divides players into Light Siders and Dark Siders , pitting each side against the other in team battles. Each side has access to both shared "Neutral" Force powers, which are mostly focused on increasing speed and athletic ability. There are also numerous powers unique to both Light and Dark sides. As in the previous games, Light Side powers are mainly focused around protection and healing, while Dark Side powers are openly aggressive. Unlike previous games, however, Kyle does not exclusively select Light or Dark powers in

28914-493: The appearance of a rat running through a maze. Another crucial early game that influenced first-person shooters was Wayout . It featured the player trying to escape a maze, using ray casting to render the environment, simulating visually how each wall segment would be rendered relative to the player's position and facing angle. This allowed more freeform movement compared to the grid-based and cardinal Maze War and Spasim . Among PLATO games, Witz and Boland's 1977 Futurewar ,

29151-429: The area, gravity alterations, swimming, interactive environments such as healing stations, oxygen stations, save points , teleporters , many computer terminals spread all around the levels as plot devices which provided messages, informations, various objectives and maps to the player's character as well as friendly defense drones and non-player characters (NPCs), versatile multiplayer modes (such as King of

29388-483: The atmosphere was gripping, the aliens were more appreciated than the stereotypes of Arabian people, the AI was improved with some enemies patrolling routes and some others camouflaging into environments or being invisible and not attacking until the player was close enough to ambush them, providing an actual challenge to players, and the game was considerably more evolved than Wolfenstein 3D and Blake Stone , however it

29625-537: The award. During the 6th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards , Jedi Outcast received a nomination for " Computer Action/Adventure Game of the Year " by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences . Consoles versions received "generally positive" reviews. The Xbox version holds an aggregate score of 81 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on twenty-four reviews. The GameCube version holds scores of 75 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on seventeen reviews. The Xbox version

29862-433: The case of Portal , the 'gun' the player character carries is used to create portals through walls rather than fire projectiles). Some commentators also extend the definition to include combat flight simulators and space battle games, whenever the cockpit of the aircraft is depicted from a first-person point of view. Like most shooter games, first-person shooters involve an avatar , one or more ranged weapons , and

30099-486: The characters' relationship. Chris Taylor called the Force "largely a mystery" in Star Wars . Taylor ascribes the "more poetic, more spiritual ... and more demonstrative" descriptions of the Force in The Empire Strikes Back to Lawrence Kasdan , who co-wrote the film, but says the film does little to expand audiences' understanding of it. In 1997, Lucas said that the more detail he articulated about

30336-523: The city, Kyle finds and defeats Tavion, who, fearing for her life, reveals that Jan is alive and onboard Galak Fyyar's Star Destroyer , the Doomgiver . Jan's faked death was just a ploy to trick Kyle into going to the Valley of the Jedi, which allowed Desann to follow him there and tap its power. Kyle spares Tavion and takes her ship to infiltrate the Doomgiver , which is docked at the Cairn Installation, an Imperial base hidden on an asteroid in

30573-474: The climax of The Rise of Skywalker , and Luke's and Leia's spirits watch over her at the film's conclusion. In an early draft of Return of the Jedi , Lucas planned to resurrect Obi-Wan and Yoda at the climax, and some drafts included scenes of the two helping Luke stop the Emperor. The final arc of The Clone Wars ' sixth season reveals that Qui-Gon Jinn learned how to transition into the "cosmic Force" from entities who represent various emotions; Yoda hears

30810-493: The concept of the Force to address character and plot developments in Star Wars (1977). He also wanted to "awaken a certain kind of spirituality" in young audiences, suggesting a belief in God without endorsing any specific religion. He developed the Force as a nondenominational religious concept, "distill[ed from] the essence of all religions", premised on the existence of God and distinct ideas of good and evil . Lucas said there

31047-416: The construction of complex cinematic storylines with a well defined cast of secondary characters to interact with. Furthermore, certain puzzle or platforming games are also sometimes categorized as first-person shooters, in spite of lacking any direct combat or shooting element, instead using a first-person perspective to help players immerse within the game and better navigate 3D environments (for example, in

31284-431: The context, other first-person shooters may incorporate some imaginative variations, including futuristic prototypes, alien-technology or magical weapons, and/or implementing a wide array of different projectiles, from lasers, to energy, plasma, rockets, and arrows. These many variations may also be applied to the tossing of grenades, bombs, spears and the like. Also, more unconventional modes of destruction may be employed by

31521-722: The deceased Qui-Gon's voice in Attack of the Clones (2002), and he reveals in Revenge of the Sith that he has contact with Qui-Gon. A short story by Claudia Gray depicts Obi-Wan learning this technique from Qui-Gon in the years leading up to Star Wars . The Force plays an important role in several Star Wars plot lines. Anakin Skywalker's rise as a Jedi, descent into the Sith Lord Darth Vader, and redemption back to

31758-584: The earlier platformers Duke Nukem and Duke Nukem II ), released as shareware the 29th of January 1996, which ran on the then new Build engine developed by Ken Silverman with the support of John Carmack . Duke Nukem 3D won acclaim for its humour based around stereotyped machismo as well as its adrenalinic gameplay and graphics. However, some found the game's (and later the whole series') treatment of women to be derogatory and tasteless. Witchaven 2: Blood Vengeance , developed by Capstone Software and published by their parent company IntraCorp

31995-444: The enemy attack dogs with giant rats to allow it to be released on SNES because of their anti-violence policy. id Software released a map editor to let players create and share online their own home-made maps for the game which started the players' modding communities who blossomed with Doom and maintain their games alive continuously sustaining new content for them. During Doom 's development, id Software quickly developed

32232-832: The environment to varying degrees, from basics such as using doors, to problem solving puzzles based on a variety of interactive objects. In some games, the player can damage the environment, also to varying degrees: one common device is the use of barrels containing explosive material which the player can shoot, harming nearby enemies. Other games feature environments which are extensively destructible, allowing for additional visual effects. The game world will often make use of science fiction, historic (particularly World War II ) or modern military themes, with such antagonists as aliens , monsters , terrorists and soldiers of various types. Games feature multiple difficulty settings; in harder modes, enemies are tougher, more aggressive and do more damage, and power-ups are limited. In easier modes,

32469-657: The events of the previous game, and as such, the player has no access to a lightsaber or any Force powers. However, after the first two missions, Kyle regains his Force abilities. As the game progresses the number of powers available, and their strength, increase. Progression of Force abilities is fixed, and cannot be customized. Having previously fallen to the Dark Side, Kyle has access to both Light Side powers (such as Force Heal and Jedi Mind Trick) and Dark Side powers (such as Force Lightning and Force Grip), along with neutral ones (such as Force Speed, Force Jump, Force Pull and Force Push). Star Wars Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast offers

32706-580: The final game. Shadow Warrior , developed and published by 3D Realms the 13th of May 1997, introduced 3D voxels instead of 2D sprites for weapons and inventory items as well as weapons' secondary firing mode, climbable ladders, true room-over-room situations, transparent water, some vehicles to drive, and a brand new Asian hero named Lo Wang into a brand new Asian setting in contrast to its predecessor Duke Nukem 3D's occidental atmosphere and Shadow Warrior, just as its predecessor, features deliberately immature and politically incorrect humor, as well as

32943-403: The first few missions of the game. Players may wield blasters , lightsabers , and Force powers to engage enemies, with the latter being recommended in later stages of the game, as numerous lightsaber-wielding enemies are introduced. Jedi Outcast also features a multiplayer mode that allows players to compete in several different game modes online or over a local area network . Upon release,

33180-424: The first game's issues and it was their last game before going extinct as they were developing a Build-based sequel to their previous Wolf3D -based game Corridor 7 when their parent company IntraCorp went bankrupt . Witchaven 2 was open-sourced in 2006 then source-ported into BuildGDX by its community which fixed most of its original issues in 2018. The game PowerSlave was initially designed using

33417-420: The flag , in which teams attempt to penetrate the opposing base, capture a flag and return it to their own base whilst preventing the other team from doing the same. Other game modes may involve attempting to capture enemy bases or areas of the map, attempting to take hold of an object for as long as possible while evading other players, or deathmatch variations involving limited lives or in which players fight over

33654-430: The floor, and Ken himself voiced the protagonist and filled his game with pictures of himself which hurt the player if they dared to shoot them, which made his game personal. Epic MegaGames , then Wolfenstein 3D 's publisher Apogee Software 's main competitor, noticed it, saw potential, then signed a commercial agreement with Ken's father, as Ken was still minor. However, the original Advanced Systems' Ken's Labyrinth

33891-495: The form of up to 12 players' deathmatch and team deathmatch modes (believed to be the first FPS game to allow that many players) and 8 additional maps made specially for it. In deathmatch, the player could choose among 12 of the game 's characters both humans and aliens who had different speed and health stats, however all characters used the same weapons though. Corridor 7 was a significant improvement after Capstone's previous FPS game Operation Body Count (read above),

34128-463: The former being described as more of a "spiritual force". According to The A.V. Club , The Last Jedi depicts the Force "closer to the sorcery of fairy tales and medieval romance than it's ever been." Eric Charles points out that the television films The Ewok Adventure (1984) and Ewoks: The Battle for Endor (1985), intended for children, are "fairy tales in a science fiction setting" which feature magic and other fairy tale motifs rather than

34365-541: The former makes his way to the Jedi Academy on foot. After helping the Jedi students and Republic soldiers fend off the assault, Kyle ventures into the Academy's underground maze, and confronts Desann as he tries to absorb the power from the Force nexus at the centre. Kyle informs Desann of the Doomgiver ' s destruction and the Imperial army's defeat, and offers him the chance to rejoin the Jedi, but an enraged Desann refuses and attacks him. Kyle kills Desann and returns to

34602-401: The franchise use their Force powers in myriad ways, including Obi-Wan using a "mind trick" to undermine a stormtrooper's will, Darth Vader choking subordinates without touching them, Qui-Gon Jinn repelling several battle droids at once, Rey lifting a large pile of rocks, and Kylo Ren stopping blaster fire in mid-air. Film and television use of the Force is sometimes accompanied by

34839-419: The game 7 out of 10. They criticized the slow start, the lightsaber interface and the AI. However, they did commend the atmosphere and some of the level design. They concluded that " Jedi Outcast is a rather patchy game, with moments of genius let down by a lack of consistency. The guns are derivative and rarely used once you get hold of your lightsaber, the melee combat clumsy and chaotic, the AI poor and some of

35076-431: The game 9.5 out of 10, with reviewer Andrew Reiner calling it "the quintessential Star Wars game and a feast for all FPS devotees." He also wrote, "without question, Jedi Outcast is the most enjoyable and accomplished Star Wars game yet." He was also extremely impressed with multiplayer, calling it "a highly addictive, over-the-top experience that all FPS players must see to believe." Brian Gee of Game Revolution gave

35313-443: The game 93%, calling it "an intriguing juxtaposition of pieces of incredibly intense FPS action that had me on the edge of my seat combined with puzzle-like sections of such opacity that they made me want to kill myself." Entertainment Weekly gave it an A, stating that "the Force is strong with this one." Maxim , however, gave it an eight out of ten and stated that "The Force is strong with this polished first-person shooter." In

35550-412: The game along with some score 's points. This is not what Wisdom Tree had originally designed though, since they originally designed a FPS game based on the horror movies Hellraiser themselves adapted from Clive Barker 's novels , until they realized that this was in contradiction with their christian social image then designed Super 3D Noah's Ark instead. A popular rumor has it that Wolf3D engine

35787-474: The game an A−. He praised how authentically ' Star Wars ' the game felt, as well as the lightsaber interface, writing "I've played a ton of Star Wars games in my time, and I don't think any of them can match the excitement and fun of lightsaber play in Jedi Outcast ." IGN were also impressed, scoring the game 9 out of 10 and giving it an "Editor's Choice" award. Reviewer Steve Butts lauded

36024-486: The game on SourceForge under GNU GPL-2.0-only . A few days after release, the source code disappeared from SourceForge without explanation. SourceForge later explained to media outlet Kotaku that Raven Software had requested its removal. Kotaku speculated this was due to the presence of licensed code, such as for the Bink Video format from Rad Game Tools , that was not intended to be made public. However, prior to

36261-499: The game received universal acclaim from critics, with its story and lightsaber combat being the main praised elements. A sequel and the final installment in the Jedi Knight series, Star Wars Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy , was released in 2003. In September 2009, the game was re-released onto Steam and Direct2Drive alongside the rest of the Jedi Knight series. A Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 port with no multiplayer mode

36498-418: The game to eventually name his black metal band after it. Witchaven was open-sourced in 2006 then source-ported into JFBuild by JonoF and into BuildGDX by its community which fixed most of its original issues in 2018. William Shatner's TekWar , developed by Capstone Software and published by SoftKey Multimedia Inc. the 30th of September 1995, barely ten days after Witchaven (read above),

36735-414: The game was on track for release later in the month. Two days later, they announced Jedi Outcast was ready for release, set to go on sale by March 29. A new trailer was also released. After the release, game programmer Mike Gummelt revealed that a request from the management led the team to disable the ability to sever the heads of non-droid enemies. He has also cited Bushido Blade as the inspiration for

36972-450: The game was released on May 10, 2002, featuring the same level shown in an incomplete form at E3 2001, which did not feature in the final version. Two patches were subsequently released: version 1.03 and 1.04. At E3 2002, LucasArts announced that Jedi Outcast would be released on the GameCube and Xbox. On May 31, 2002, LucasArts and Aspyr announced that a Macintosh version of the game would be released. Developed by Westlake Interactive,

37209-452: The game's code with him to Massachusetts Institute of Technology , where with help from Dave Lebling to create an eight-player version that could be played over ARPANET , computer-run players using artificial intelligence, customizable maps, online scoreboards and a spectator mode. Spasim had a documented debut at the University of Illinois in 1974 on the PLATO mainframe system. The game

37446-409: The game, causing frequent bandwidth reductions. Doom has been considered the most important first-person shooter ever made. It was highly influential not only on subsequent shooter games but on video gaming in general, and has been made available on almost every video gaming system since. Multiplayer gaming, which is now integral to the first-person shooter genre, was first successfully achieved on

37683-493: The game, players fight different types of enemies, including mercenaries and Imperial stormtroopers . Halfway through the story, lightsaber-wielding enemies are introduced, namely the Reborn (thugs and soldiers who have been artificially infused with the Force), and Shadowtroopers (who sport lightsaber-resistant cortosis armor that also allows them to briefly turn invisible). The game begins with Kyle Katarn and Jan Ors investigating

37920-491: The game; the families of several victims later unsuccessfully attempted to sue numerous video game companies - among them id Software - whose work the families claimed inspired the massacre. John Carmack explained how he designed his Doom engine to Ken Silverman that he considered his only equal which inspired Ken who was in the process of developing his Build engine . Operation Body Count , developed on Wolf3D engine and released by Capstone Software on 1 January 1994,

38157-480: The genre in its early days was "corridor shooter", since processing limitations of that era's computer hardware meant that most of the action had to take place in enclosed areas, such as corridors and small rooms. During the 1990s, the genre was one of the main cornerstones for technological advancements of computer graphics, starting with the release of Quake in 1996. Quake was one of the first real-time 3D rendered video games in history, and quickly became one of

38394-435: The genre is "player-guided navigation through a three-dimensional space." This is a defining characteristic that clearly distinguishes the genre from other types of shooting games that employ a first-person perspective , including light gun shooters , rail shooters , shooting gallery games , or older shooting electro-mechanical games . First person-shooter games are thus categorized as being distinct from light gun shooters,

38631-405: The graphics in the cutscenes were significantly weaker than the PC version. GameSpot scored it 8.3 out of 10, with reviewer Amer Ajami saying the port "retains the essence of what it must feel like to be an all-powerful Jedi, which was so well conveyed in the original PC game, without sacrificing much in the way of graphics, playability, or overall value. In fact, the game's complicated control scheme

38868-421: The heat of battle." He concluded "It's obvious that no work at all went into trying to get this game to properly run on GameCube. The framerate is erratic and constantly alternates between smooth and choppy, further complicating the already clunky control system [...] If you're a multi-console owner, get the superior Xbox version to see a better realized port." Nintendo World Report scored it 6 out of 10, also citing

39105-545: The idea of the Force having a light and a dark side, and some characters' seduction by the dark side helps create conflict for the story. Pablo Hidalgo of the Lucasfilm Story Group gave his "blessing" for writer-director Rian Johnson to introduce a new Force power in The Last Jedi (2017) "if the story required it and if it felt like it stretches into new territory but doesn't break the idea of what

39342-408: The inferior controls and poorer graphics than the PC and Xbox versions; " Jedi Outcast ends up being a pretty terrible port of an excellent PC title. The trick to enjoying the GameCube incarnation will be coming to terms with the control and graphic inadequacies in the game and then being able to make yourself get over the "hump" so that you can enjoy the meat and potatoes of the whole experience." It

39579-512: The lack of detail about the Force makes it "a religion for the secular age". According to Jennifer Porter, professor of religious studies at the Memorial University of Newfoundland , "the Force is a metaphor for godhood that resonates and inspires within [people] a deeper commitment to the godhood identified within their traditional faith". According to Christian Pastor Clayton Keenan, "the spirituality of 'Star Wars' has to do with

39816-464: The last 13,000 years". The first draft of Star Wars makes two references to "the Force of Others" and does not explain the concept: King Kayos utters the blessing "May the Force of Others be with you all", and he later says "I feel the Force also". The power of the Force of Others is kept secret by the Jedi Bendu of the Ashla, an "aristocratic cult" in the second draft. The second draft offers

40053-475: The light side of the Force is the main story arc for the first six Star Wars films. Yoda 's arc in the sixth season of The Clone Wars depicts him exploring "bigger questions" about the Force and taking various inspirations from the franchise's expanded universe . In The Force Awakens , Finn 's exposure to the Force helps make him question his training. Writer Rian Johnson used the Force to allow Rey and Kylo Ren to communicate in The Last Jedi , developing

40290-404: The locations derivative and poorly designed." In June 2007, GameTrailers 's list of the 10 best Star Wars games saw Jedi Outcast rank at number one, with the editorial commenting that "This was certainly not the first time players had the opportunity to play as a Jedi in a video game, it was the first time you actually felt like one." They also praised the lightsaber and Force combat systems,

40527-461: The locations visited in the game; Cloud City, Yavin IV, Smuggler's Moon and some planets original to the game. The following day at E3, LucasArts gave a demonstration of the game, showing the lightsaber and Force combat as well as the "buddy" system: in which certain NPCs would fight alongside the player. Technical details were also revealed: the game would use id Software 's Quake III Arena engine, and

40764-497: The main tools used to design levels was Radiant . On January 16, 2002, LucasArts launched a new website for Jedi Outcast featuring an overview of the game and information regarding characters, weapons and Force powers. An FAQ , screenshots , concept art , images of player models and downloadable wallpapers were also available. A teaser trailer was released on February 8, showing the game's combat, weapons, characters and environments. On March 13, 2002, LucasArts announced that

41001-573: The market as 3D Realms thanks to Ken Silverman and some personality. Doom , released the 10th of December 1993, refined Wolfenstein 3D's template by adding support for higher resolution, improved textures, variations in height (e.g., stairs and platforms the player's character could climb upon), more intricate level design ( Wolfenstein 3D was limited to a grid based system where walls had to be orthogonal to each other, whereas Doom allowed for any inclination) and rudimentary illumination effects such as flickering lights and areas of darkness, creating

41238-450: The market while a challenger Captone Software persisted at attempting to be original and compete with them and failed every time for diverse reasons where another challenger LucasArts succeeded and Bungie Software made FPS games featuring a complex plot, the modding communities who sustain life into their games blossomed starting from Doom, 2D sprites were replaced with 3D polygons starting from Descent then Quake and Apogee Software returned on

41475-530: The market, with Apogee Software/3D Realms and Epic MegaGames being their main competitors. This technological race, monopoly, and three-ways rivalry started during the Wolfenstein 3D's era from 1992 to 1993. Wolfenstein 3D was the first episodic FPS game developed by id Software , as a successor to the successful 1980s 2D infiltration video-games Castle Wolfenstein and Beyond Castle Wolfenstein from Muse Software , and published by Apogee Software

41712-436: The metaphor, saying society is the same way, says we all must get along with each other. In a rough draft of Revenge of the Sith (2005), Palpatine says he "used the power of the Force to will the midichlorians to start the cell divisions that created" Anakin Skywalker. This line was removed as the script progressed. Lucas' story treatments for a potential sequel trilogy involved "a microbiotic world" and creatures known as

41949-486: The most acclaimed shooter games of all time. Graphics accelerator hardware became essential to improve performances and add new effects such as full texture mapping , dynamic lighting and particle processing to the 3D engines that powered the games of that period, such as the iconic id Tech 2 , the first iteration of the Unreal Engine , or the more versatile Build . Other seminal games were released during

42186-590: The nature of the Force. Lucas based the concept on symbiogenesis , calling midi-chlorians a "loose depiction" of mitochondria . He further said: [Mitochondria] probably had something ... to do with the beginnings of life and how one cell decided to become two cells with a little help from this other little creature who came in, without whom life couldn't exist. And it's really a way of saying we have hundreds of little creatures who live on us, and without them, we all would die. There wouldn't be any life. They are necessary for us; we are necessary for them. Using them in

42423-469: The only way to get rid of some invulnerable enemies, water fountains which slowly restored health (much like in Duke Nukem 3D three years later), changed the goal from the original's merely escaping the labyrinth to rescue the player's abducted dog Sparky and save the world, added the requirement to have Sparky follow the player to the exit of each floor to be able to reach the next floor, which made

42660-439: The other for looking and aiming . It is common to display the character's hands and weaponry in the main view, with a heads-up display showing health, ammunition and location details. Often, it is possible to overlay a map of the surrounding area. First-person shooters generally focus on action gameplay, with fast-paced combat and dynamic firefights being a central point of the experience, though certain titles may also place

42897-403: The playable character, such as flames, electricity, telekinesis or other supernatural powers, and traps. In the early era of first-person shooters, often designers allowed characters to carry a large number of different weapons with little to no reduction in speed or mobility. More modern games started to adopt a more realistic approach, where the player can only equip a handheld gun, coupled with

43134-495: The player can succeed through reaction times alone; on more difficult settings, it is often necessary to memorize the levels through trial and error. First-person shooters may feature a multiplayer mode, taking place on specialized levels. Some games are designed specifically for multiplayer gaming, and have very limited single player modes in which the player competes against game-controlled characters termed "bots". Massively multiplayer online first-person shooters like those in

43371-537: The player drew a weapon who they begged to not shoot while holding their hands up and ran away for their life whereas cops drew their gun onto the player and ordered him to drop their weapon and enemies shot him on sight from everywhere without the cops ever reacting whereas they shot the player if he dared to shoot back at the enemies, which is the main issue with this game: everyone is allowed to shoot you but you are not allowed to shoot anyone. Some civilians were actually kamikaze androids who self-destructed when close to

43608-468: The player have to pay attention to another character beside their own, and commercialized Ken's Labyrinth v2 still as shareware the 21st of March 1993. All versions of Ken's Labyrinth got to be source-ported many times and even onto Nintendo Switch by a fan. As soon as id Software showed off some previews of Doom in the middle of its development, Ken Silverman started to develop his own game engine to rival with John Carmack once again, used

43845-524: The player is an unnamed mercenary (sometimes referred to as the Strifeguy) who joins the Front to fight the Order's oppressive rule while being remotely assisted by a Front's radio operative woman nicknamed Blackbird who occasionally comments with humor the situations that the player encounters. However despite all of its innovations, Strife went relatively unnoticed because it was released right between

44082-466: The player moved around. Despite some of its original ideas , it was badly made, the terrorists were stereotypes of Arabian people, the AI was not smart enough to make nor the enemies pose any challenge nor the squad's teammates be actually useful, and being based on Wolf3D engine after Doom was released made it already technologically outdated and "doomed" from the start as opposite to Blake Stone which did enjoy one week of glory before Doom

44319-451: The player though. During the Doom & Quake's era from 1993 to 1997, FPS games were still all about their game engines as original and innovative games were ignored for the only reason that their game engine was outdated. FPS games were simplistic shoot them all without any complex plot however their gameplay started to evolve and the combo id Software & Raven Software still dominated

44556-531: The player to find other weapons and save the strongest weapons for the strongest foes, evolving stats from earned experience where each level up unlocked new spells and abilities such as lockpicking in the form of an unlocking spell as well as dual wielding some weapons. The campaign involved a knight on an epic quest to defeat a witch who cast a curse of never-ending darkness onto his land. In order to complete this quest, he had to battle hordes of minions with both medieval weapons and magical spells to reach

44793-425: The player's approach, weather effects, some destructible objects, scripted environmental changes such as earthquakes, different character classes to allow different playstyles as well as interconnected maps through hub maps instead of the standard linear succession of maps which granted a taste of open-world in a FPS game. Apogee Software , then renamed 3D Realms , followed up with Duke Nukem 3D (sequel to

45030-492: The player's choices and actions, some burning effects as well as some infiltration gameplay such as stealth, disguises and alarms. The plot takes place in a medieval world struck by a comet which released a virus which wiped out almost all life on the planet and corrupted most of the remaining people who created a high-tech theocratic new world order known as "The Order" whereas the few remaining free people organized into an underground resistance known as "The Front" and

45267-459: The player, taking them into their explosion . Half of the game also took place into the Matrix. William Shatner's TekWar was the worst of Capstone's FPS games however it still got to be source-ported into BuildGDX. Raven Software upgraded the Doom engine further and released Hexen: Beyond Heretic the 30th of October 1995 which added jumping, more immersive environments with effects such as swirling leaves or scattering bats upon

45504-583: The players to use teamwork and strategy in order to succeed; the players can often command a squad of characters, which may be controlled by the A.I. or by human teammates, and can be given different tasks during the course of the mission. First-person shooters typically present players with a vast arsenal of weapons, which can have a large impact on how they will approach the game. Some games offer realistic reproductions of actual existing (or even historical) firearms, simulating their rate of fire, magazine size, ammunition amount, recoil and accuracy. Depending on

45741-399: The possibility of brain implants or sensors being used to detect users' intent and manipulate energy fields, and compares such discipline to contemporary patients learning to control prosthetics . A scientific explanation of the Force would require new discoveries in physics, such as unknown fields or particles or a fifth force beyond the four fundamental interactions . Flavio Fenton of

45978-418: The protagonist on a quest. In her 1980 Washington Post review of The Empire Strikes Back , Judith Martin described the Force as "a mishmash of current cultic fashions without any base in ideas. It doesn't seem to be connected with ethics or a code of decent behavior, either." John Simon wrote in his 1977 review of Star Wars for New York magazine: And then there is that distressing thing called

46215-474: The puzzles. Of the port, he wrote "This game was an award-winning game on a prior platform, so you'd be in the right to demand more. But from the perspective of a GameCube owner just getting your first taste of the galactic goodie that is the Jedi Knight series, things could have been a lot worse [...] Jedi Knight II: Outcast stands as a respectable effort, but disappointing reminder that when you swap content from platform to platform, something often gets lost in

46452-446: The range of all weapons at once, also replaced the original final boss with Ken himself, added diverse monsters, temporary power-ups such as reflecting enemies' projectiles, kill enemies on contact, and invincibility, as well as treasures for buying these power-ups from vending-machines and for paying doors' toll, slot-machines to win coins instead of finding treasures in secret areas, death-traps such as holes in floors which were

46689-512: The relationship between yin and yang in Taoism , although the balance between yin and yang lacks the element of evil associated with the dark side. Taylor identifies other similarities between the Force and a Navajo prayer, prana , and qi . It is a common plot device in jidaigeki films like The Hidden Fortress (1958), which inspired Star Wars , for samurai who master qi to achieve astonishing feats of swordsmanship. Taylor added that

46926-437: The release of Duke Nukem 3D , id Software released the much anticipated Quake the 22nd of June 1996. Like Doom , Quake was influential and genre-defining, featuring fast-paced, gory gameplay, within a completely 3D game environment, and making use of real-time rendered polygonal models instead of sprites. It was centered on online gaming and featured multiple match types still found in first-person shooter games today. It

47163-761: The removal a fork called "OpenJK" was created on GitHub with the problematic code parts already excised. The goal of the OpenJK community project is to "maintain and improve Jedi Academy + Jedi Outcast released by Raven Software." This includes the unification of the Jedi Outcast and Jedi Academy engines, maintaining the compatibility of previous releases, and providing source ports for Mac and Linux . Daily builds for Windows and early Linux builds are also available. Star Wars Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast received "universal acclaim" from critics. The PC version holds an aggregate score of 89 out of 100 on Metacritic , based on thirty-five reviews. Game Informer scored

47400-441: The same color within the floor whereas some computers were traps which triggered an alarm which attracted nearby enemies to the player. Capstone Software released Corridor 7 first as floppy disks , then as a CD-ROM the 6th of May 1995 which featured a different soundtrack , randomization of placements within floors, and added 10 more levels into the alien homeworld with new weapons and alien types along with multiplayer in

47637-618: The same in Catacomb 3-D . Catacomb 3-D also introduced the display of the protagonist's hand and weapon (in this case, magical spells) on the screen, whereas previously aspects of the player's avatar were not visible. The experience of developing Ultima Underworld would make it possible for Looking Glass to create the Thief and System Shock series years later. From Wolfenstein 3D to Quake, FPS games were all about their game engines. id Software & Raven Software completely dominated

47874-399: The secret areas. Despite its violent themes, Wolfenstein largely escaped the controversy generated by the later Doom , although it was banned from Germany due to the use of Nazi iconography which is a sensitive topic there where Wolfenstein has been forbidden until 2022 and Nintendo too required id Software to remove blood , gore, and all Nazi iconography as well as replace

48111-423: The server specifies game rules, including the "Force ranking" system, which allocates points that players can assign to different Force powers, allowing them to build a character suited to their playstyle. Servers can also restrict matches to lightsabers only, removing traditional weapons for a more immersive Jedi combat experience. The single-player story is set in 12 ABY, eight years after the events of Return of

48348-404: The single-player, instead receiving a selection of both. The single-player campaign follows Kyle Katarn as he moves through the levels in a linear manner, meeting friendly and hostile non-player characters (NPCs). Friendly NPCs will occasionally assist the player in combat. In addition to combat, the campaign features a variety of puzzles. When the game starts, Kyle has forsaken The Force after

48585-490: The sophisticated administrator of Cloud City , Lando Calrissian ( Billy Dee Williams ); and Jedi Grandmaster and leader of the Jedi Academy on Yavin IV , Luke Skywalker ( Bob Bergen ). The player also receives help from other Jedi and New Republic soldiers, while Mon Mothma ( Carolyn Seymour ), Chief-of-State of the New Republic, assigns Kyle and Jan missions during the early stages of the game. The story features four major antagonists and bosses : Desann (Mark Klastorin),

48822-534: The specific design elements which constitute a first-person shooter. For example, titles like Deus Ex or BioShock may be considered as first-person shooters, but may also fit into the role-playing games category, as they borrow extensively from that genre. Other examples, like Far Cry and Rage , could also be considered adventure games , because they focus more on exploration than simple action, they task players with multiple different objectives other than just killing enemies, and they often revolve around

49059-459: The surface, where he reunites with Jan, as the New Republic arrests the surviving Imperial forces. Later, Luke thanks Kyle and Jan for their assistance, and offers to safeguard the former's lightsaber once more, but Kyle politely refuses, saying he is not ready to forsake the Force again. On May 17, 2001, at E3 2001 , LucasArts announced that Raven Software were developing a third game in the Jedi Knight series. Some plot details were given, such as

49296-413: The third available after registration; and the three last prequel episodes available as a separate mission pack, to the point that it has since been credited for having single-handedly invented the concept of first-person-shooter as a genre of video-games. It was built on John Carmack 's ray casting technology already experimented into id's previous games Hovertank One and Catacomb 3D to create

49533-447: The traditional sense, making for a somewhat more believable overall experience. The game was praised for its artificial intelligence , selection of weapons and attention to detail and "has since been recognized as one of the greatest games of all time" according to GameSpot. Its sequel, Half-Life 2 , (released in 2004), was less influential though "arguably a more impressive game". Dark side (Star Wars) George Lucas created

49770-457: The transition." IGN scored it 7.2 out of 10, with reviewer Aaron Boudling arguing that the graphics and controls were significantly poorer than in either the PC or Xbox versions. Of the controls, Boulding wrote "While the Xbox version allows you to map your favorite moves to the black and white buttons for quick access, GameCube owners are out of luck and will have to fumble around with the D-Pad in

50007-456: The two other overwhelmingly popular games Duke Nukem 3D and Quake which made the Doom engine already outdated by then. Still, players who discovered it many years after its original release appreciated its originality for its time and even compared it to Deus Ex and Marathon . Doom 's modding community source-ported Strife into GZDoom to update and upgrade it from its original version to modern standards. Shortly after

50244-435: The visor's battery, some aliens who camouflaged into the environments (like Blake Stone: Planet Strike released half a year later), screen jumpscares whenever the player was idle for 10 seconds, body armors , limited-use healing chambers, force fields which hurt the player if they walked into them, mines to trap corridors, maps of the floors, and replaced keys with security computer screens which unlocked all doors of

50481-504: The witch on her volcanic island . It featured digitized graphics , however the characters made of clay didn't appeal to everyone and the environments were empty, as well as adjustable level of gore, the same Corridor 7 's trick to spawn a screen jumpscare whenever the player is idle, and it is known for game logic issues, dumb AI , hazardous map triggers and game physics that cause slippery player movement, sudden deaths, and faulty hit detection. That didn't stop an original fan of

50718-407: The writing process. Kurtz told Lucas he was unhappy with drafts in which the Force was connected with the Kyber Crystal, and he was also dissatisfied with the early Ashla and Bogan concepts. "The act of living generates a force field, an energy. That energy surrounds us; when we die, that energy joins with all the other energy. There is a giant mass of energy in the universe that has a good side and

50955-418: The years, with Marathon enhancing the narrative and puzzle elements, Duke Nukem 3D introducing voice acting, complete interactivity with the environment, and city-life settings to the genre, and games like Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six and Counter-Strike starting to adopt a realistic and tactical approach aimed at simulating real life counter-terrorism situations. GoldenEye 007 , released in 1997,

51192-467: Was Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss , a March 1992 action role-playing game by Looking Glass Technologies that featured a first-person viewpoint and an advanced graphics engine. In October 1990, id developer John Romero learned about texture mapping from a phone call to Paul Neurath. Romero described the texture mapping technique to id programmer John Carmack , who remarked, "I can do that.", and would feel motivated by Looking Glass's example to do

51429-524: Was Capstone's first FPS game, was all about a terrorist attack on the UNO tower, and was an early attempt at making a tactical FPS game since the player was in command of an anti-terrorist squad that they could order around and even switch to any of their body at any time as long as they were not dead and featured some digitized graphics , transparent textures such as breakable glass, randomization of enemies and items' placement, body armors , booby-traps , and

51666-446: Was a medieval fantasy First Person Slasher game as in a melee -focused FPS game, reminiscent of Raven Software 's Heretic including an inventory system, both a single-player campaign and multiplayer, but far harder as it was far more tactical , making use of environmental hazards such as magma and traps against enemies, while implementing more of a RPG gameplay such as weapons' durability which broke after many uses, requiring

51903-483: Was a landmark first-person shooter for home consoles , while the critical and commercial success of later titles like Perfect Dark , Medal of Honor and the Halo series helped to heighten the appeal of this genre for the consoles market, straightening the road to the current tendency to release most titles as cross-platform, like many games in the Far Cry and Call of Duty series. First-person shooters are

52140-498: Was a rudimentary space flight simulator for up to 32 players, featuring a first-person perspective. Both games were distinct from modern first-person shooters, involving simple tile-based movement where the player could only move from square to square and turn in 90-degree increments. Such games spawned others that used similar visuals to display the player as part of a maze (such as Akalabeth: World of Doom in 1979), and were loosely called "rat's eye view" games, since they gave

52377-502: Was a runner-up for GameSpot ' s annual "Best Shooter on GameCube" award, which went to TimeSplitters 2 . In the United States, Jedi Outcast ' s computer version sold 390,000 copies and earned $ 17 million (~$ 24.7 million in 2023) by August 2006. At the time, this led Edge to declare it the country's 39th-best-selling computer game, and best-selling Jedi Knight computer title, released since January 2000. Combined sales of all Jedi Knight computer games released during

52614-460: Was begun in February 1994 and published by Raven Software the 1st of November 1994, marking the beginning of a new period for Raven who split into two groups: One which worked with id 's new DOOM engine to create Mage , a fantasy action game, which would eventually evolve into the game Heretic . The other team started on a project that was to use the engine from ShadowCaster to create

52851-662: Was close to Wolf3D engine . Then he improved his game with his friend Andrew Cotter, added narration to each floor , renamed it Ken's Labyrinth , and released it on Internet as shareware under his brother's company Advanced Systems on 1 January 1993. The game was about escaping a bizarre dream labyrinth full of people shooting projectiles at the player while projectiles were more balls than bullets, meaning they had limited range and were slow enough to dodge them as opposite to Wolfenstein 3D whose weapons were hitscan firearms , some walls reflected projectiles, killed enemies vanished without any death animation nor remnant body on

53088-442: Was controversial, with Evan Narcisse of Time writing that the concept ruined Star Wars for him and a generation of fans because "the mechanisms of the Force became less spiritual and more scientific". Film historian Daniel Dinello called midi-chlorians "anathema to Star Wars fanatics who thought they reduced the Force to a kind of viral infection." Referring to "midi-chlorians" became a screenwriting shorthand for over-explaining

53325-480: Was created that could handle moving platforms, catwalks, sloped areas, and transparent textures. The engine, by Carl Stika, was nicknamed STEAM. A small budget was granted for full-motion video sequences to be created for the game, to be presented between missions as briefings. CyClones allowed to use the mouse to aim without moving, as opposite to other FPS games from the time which bound the mouse to both aiming and moving simultaneously, and without turning either, as

53562-569: Was described as "truly fantastic" by the Official Xbox Magazine , who scored it 9 out of 10. IGN were also impressed, scoring it 8.8 out of 10 and calling it "the best Star Wars experience on the Xbox". Reviewer Aaron Boudling praised how the controls had been mapped onto the Xbox Controller , but was highly critical of the game's lack of support for Xbox Live , and the absence of an online multiplayer mode. He also felt

53799-474: Was given to Wisdom Tree by id Software as a kind of " revenge " against Nintendo for all the censorship that Wolfenstein 3D had to go through to be on the Super Nintendo. However, there's no proof of this, and Wisdom Tree bought a license for the game engine like everybody else instead of having it "given" to them. The SNES version was not licensed by Nintendo and therefore couldn't be played on

54036-457: Was highly acclaimed for its atmospheric single-player campaign and well designed multiplayer maps. It featured a sniper rifle , the ability to perform head-shots, and the incorporation of stealth elements (all of these aspects were also included in the game's spiritual sequel, Perfect Dark ) as well as some Virtua Cop -inspired features such as weapon reloading, position-dependent hit reaction animations, penalties for killing innocents, and

54273-484: Was initially well-received but sales rapidly declined in the wake of the success of id's Doom , released a week later. It still got a sequel Blake Stone: Planet Strike the 28th of October 1994 which integrated the auto-map into the HUD as a rotating mini-map which revealed secret doors at the cost of consuming auto-mapper charges and added some enemies who camouflaged into the environment or were cloaked to surprise

54510-404: Was made from Ken and Andrew's limited resources to the point that Ken made the sound effects with his mouth, therefore Epic MegaGames made use of their resources to revamp the game, replaced the projectiles balls with bubble gum balls , starbursts which bounced off walls, and homing missiles , while collecting more of the same weapon increased their range and collecting thunderbolts increased

54747-414: Was originally developed in 1973 by Greg Thompson, Steve Colley and Howard Palmer, high-school students in a NASA work-study program trying to develop a program to help visualize fluid dynamics for spacecraft designs. The work became a maze game presented to the player in the first-person, and later included support for a second player and the ability to shoot the other player to win the game. Thompson took

54984-539: Was released in September 2019. In 2021, Jedi Outcast was made backwards compatible on Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S . Jedi Outcast allows the player to wield a variety of firearms from the Star Wars franchise, as well as lightsabers and Force powers. The player can choose whether to use first or third-person perspective for each weapon, including the lightsaber. Combat is standard for the shooter genre, offering players an array of energy and projectile weapons, plus

55221-484: Was released. OBC still got to be source-ported into GZDoom and remastered by its modding community eventually though. Corridor 7: Alien Invasion , developed and published by Capstone Software the 1st of March 1994, was their second attempt to make a FPS game. Still based on Wolf3D engine , the plot reminds strikingly of Half-Life 's, four years later, since it was about scientific experiments with gamma beam on an alien artifact brought from Mars by

55458-414: Was still based on the then outdated Wolf3D engine after Doom was released and therefore was "doomed" from the start too even if it did better than its predecessor, it was still not technologically on par with Doom and Capstone moved onto another new game engine after this game. Still, Corridor 7 was so appreciated that it got to be source-ported only five years after its original release into

55695-468: Was the first FPS game to gain a cult following of player clans (although the concept had existed previously in MechWarrior 2 ' s Netmech , with its Battletech lore as well as amongst MUD players), and would inspire popular LAN parties and events such as QuakeCon . The game's popularity and use of 3D polygonal graphics also helped to expand the growing market for video card hardware; and

55932-407: Was the highest-profile archetype upon which most subsequent first-person shooters were based. One such game, considered the progenitor of the genre's mainstream acceptance and popularity, was Doom (1993), often cited as the most influential game in this category; for years, the term "Doom clone" was used to designate this type of game, due to Doom ' s enormous success. Another common name for

56169-452: Was the second commercial game licensed on Apogee Software rebranded 3D Realms ' Ken Silverman 's new Build engine to rival id Software 's John Carmack 's Doom engine and was a FPS game adapted from William Shatner 's TekWar novels and TV series who personally contributed to the video-game to the point of live-acting the player's boss during briefings and debriefings. William Shatner's TekWar , both novels, TV series and video-game,

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