31°14′7.8″N 121°30′3.6″E / 31.235500°N 121.501000°E / 31.235500; 121.501000
41-563: Shanghai Tower is a 128-story, 632-meter-tall (2,073 ft) megatall skyscraper located in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai . It is the tallest building in China and the world's third-tallest building by height to architectural top . It is the tallest and largest LEED Platinum certified building in the world since 2015. It had the world's fastest elevators at a top speed of 20.5 meters per second (74 km/h; 46 mph) until 2017, when it
82-508: A community center for that zone of the building, with such amenities as food and beverage and conference rooms. Local zones are served by single-deck elevators throughout the tower, and the observation deck at the top of the tower is served by three ultra-high-speed shuttle elevators that travel at 18 meters per second (40 mph), the highest speed yet employed for commercial building use. These three shuttle elevators are supplemented by three fireman's elevators which will significantly increase
123-594: A meal. In masonry construction the rite celebrates the bedding of the last block or brick. In some cases a topping out event is held at an intermediate point, such as when the roof is dried-in, which means the roof can provide at least semi-permanent protection from the elements. The practice remains common in the United Kingdom and assorted Commonwealth countries such as Australia and Canada, as well as Germany , Austria , Slovenia , Iceland , Chile , Czech Republic , Slovakia , Poland , Hungary and
164-466: Is designed to catch rainwater for internal use, and to reuse a portion of its wastewater. The design of the tower's glass façade, which completes a 120° twist as it rises, is intended to reduce wind loads on the building by 24%. This reduced the amount of construction materials needed; the Shanghai Tower used 25% less structural steel than a conventional design of a similar height. As a result,
205-408: Is different from Wikidata Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2024 All articles containing potentially dated statements Topping out In building construction , topping out (sometimes referred to as topping off ) is a builders' rite traditionally held when the last beam (or its equivalent) is placed atop a structure during its construction. Nowadays,
246-4382: Is full of potential investments - CNN Video" . CNN . 21 January 2019 . Retrieved 2021-02-19 . Further reading [ edit ] Megatall Buildings and Other Future Places of Work . National Academies Press, Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2017 Symposium. 2018. ISBN 978-0-309-46604-2 . Retrieved February 12, 2018 . v t e Tallest buildings and structures History Skyscraper Storey Buildings By region Africa Asia Indian subcontinent Southeast Europe Balkans Baltic states Scandinavia Oceania The Americas North America Central America Latin America South America By country Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bangladesh Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Cambodia Canada Chile China ( Hong Kong , Macau ) Colombia Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Ecuador Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Iceland India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Kazakhstan Kenya Kosovo Kuwait Latvia Lebanon Lithuania Malaysia Malta Mexico Monaco Mongolia Morocco Myanmar Netherlands Nigeria North Korea North Macedonia Norway Panama Pakistan Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Serbia Singapore Slovenia Slovakia South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Venezuela Vietnam Zimbabwe Lists 100+ floors Architects Buildings by height to roof Cities with most skyscrapers Countries with most skyscrapers Churches Designed by women Eastern Orthodox Mosques Educational Future Hospitals Hotels Most expensive Residential Skyscrapers by floor area Twin buildings Voluntarily demolished Wood Early skyscrapers Supertall Megatall Structures (of any type) By region Africa Asia West Asia Europe former Soviet Union The Americas South America By country Afghanistan Albania Algeria Armenia Australia Austria Bahrain Belgium Bulgaria Canada China Czech Republic Denmark Egypt Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Ireland Italy Japan Kosovo Luxembourg Myanmar Netherlands New Zealand Norway Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Saudi Arabia Serbia Slovakia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan United Kingdom United States Uzbekistan Lists 300 to 400 metres 400 to 500 metres Before
287-426: Is owned by Yeti Construction and Development, a consortium of state-owned development companies which includes Shanghai Chengtou Corp., Shanghai Lujiazui Finance & Trade Zone Development Co., and Shanghai Construction Group . Funding for the tower's construction was obtained from shareholders , bank loans, and Shanghai's municipal government. The tower had an estimated construction cost of US$ 2.4 billion. In 2008,
328-648: The Baltic States . In the United States the last beam of a skyscraper is often painted white and signed by all the workers involved. In New Zealand, completion of the roof to a water-proof state is celebrated through a "roof shout", where workers are treated to cake and beer. The tradition of " pannenbier " (literally "(roof) tile beer" in Dutch ) is popular in the Netherlands and Flanders , where
369-588: The Jin Mao Tower and SWFC to form the world's first adjacent grouping of three supertall buildings. Its 258-room hotel, the J Hotel Shanghai Tower, located between the 84th and 110th floors, is operated by Jin Jiang International Hotels , and is the highest hotel in the world. The tower will also incorporate a museum. The tower's sub-levels provide parking spaces for 1,800 vehicles. The vertical transportation system of Shanghai Tower
410-1045: The 20th century Bridges Chimneys Crosses Dams Flagpoles Ferris wheels Freestanding Lighthouses Statues Towers Twin structures Related topics Additionally guyed tower Air traffic obstacle All buildings and structures Antenna height considerations Architectural engineering Construction Early skyscrapers Fires Groundscraper Height restriction laws List of visionary tall buildings and structures Oil platform Partially guyed tower Tower block v t e Structural extremes Tallest Buildings Bridges Chimneys Churches Orthodox Dams Domes Educational Flagpoles Freestanding Hospitals Hotels Lighthouses Oil platforms Residential Statues Structures Towers clock cooling Twin buildings and structures Wood Cities with
451-417: The 9th to 60th floors of the tower, which damaged a number of office equipment and electronics. The tower management said that following emergency repairs, a comprehensive inspection would be taken on the floor where the leak originated, later reporting that the leaks had been caused by equipment failure. According to Shanghai Observer, misinformation videos had circulated online alleging that the tower's ceiling
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#1732773165207492-535: The bar for the next generation of super-highrises. The principal architect of the project, Jun Xia, said: "With the topping out of Shanghai Tower, the Lujiazui trio will serve as a stunning representation of our past, our present, and China’s boundless future." Gu Jianping, general manager of the Shanghai Tower Construction Company, expressed the firm's wish "to provide higher quality office and shopping space, as well as contribute to
533-423: The building's constructors saved an estimated US$ 58 million in material costs. Construction practices were also sustainable . Though the majority of the tower's energy will be provided by conventional power systems, 270 vertical-axis wind turbines located in the facade and near the top of the tower are capable of generating up to 350,000 kWh of supplementary electricity per year, and are expected to provide 10% of
574-402: The building's electrical needs. The double-layered insulating glass façade was designed to reduce the need for indoor air conditioning , and is composed of an advanced reinforced glass with a high tolerance for temperature variations. In addition, the building's heating and cooling systems use geothermal energy sources. Furthermore, rain and waste water are recycled to flush toilets and irrigate
615-410: The ceremony is often parlayed into a media event for public relations purposes. It has since come to mean more generally finishing the structure of the building, whether there is a ceremony or not. It is also commonly used to determine the amount of wind on the top of the structure. A Scandinavian tradition of hoisting a pine tree to the top of framed out buildings had a more functional purpose: when
656-459: The city. Both layers of the façade are transparent, and retail and event spaces are provided at the tower's base. The transparent façade is a unique design feature, because most buildings have only a single façade using highly reflective glass to reduce heat absorption, but the Shanghai Tower's double layer of glass eliminates the need for either layer to be opaqued. The tower can accommodate as many as 16,000 people daily. The Shanghai Tower joins
697-471: The completeness of the city skyline's and the entire region's functionality". In January 2014, the tower's crown structure passed the 600-meter (2,000 ft) mark when its construction entered its final phase. The tower's crown structure was completed in August 2014, and its façade was completed shortly after. The tower's interior construction and electrical fitting-out were completed in late 2014. The opening
738-851: The most skyscrapers Largest Buildings Churches City squares Dams Domes Hindu temples Hotels Mosques Palace Power stations hydroelectric Shopping malls Urban parks Longest Buildings Bridges arched cable-stayed cantilevered continuous truss masonry arch suspension Churches Tunnels longest by type railway road subway tunnel sections Ring roads Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_megatall_skyscrapers&oldid=1259099934 " Categories : Lists of tallest buildings Lists of buildings and structures Lists of construction records Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
779-546: The most sustainably advanced tall buildings in the world." Groundbreaking and construction work on the tower began on 29 November 2008 and topped out on 4 August 2013. The exterior was completed in summer 2015, and work was considered complete in September 2014. Although the building was originally scheduled to open to the public in November 2014, the actual public-use date was shifted to February 2015. The observation deck
820-498: The needles had fallen off the tree, the builders knew the wood frame below had cured/dried out so they could enclose the building. Long an important component of timber frame building, it migrated initially to England and Northern Europe, thence to the Americas. A tree or leafy branch is placed on the topmost wood or iron beam, often with flags and streamers tied to it. A toast is usually drunk and sometimes workers are treated to
861-3883: The oblisco capitale tower in Egypt. Both towers will surpass 1000m in height when completed. All of the buildings on this list have well over 100 floors . Megatall skyscrapers [ edit ] Rank Building Image City Country Height Floors Completed Observation deck 1 Burj Khalifa [REDACTED] Dubai [REDACTED] United Arab Emirates 828 m (2,717 ft) 163 2010 555 m (1,821 ft) 2 Merdeka 118 [REDACTED] Kuala Lumpur [REDACTED] Malaysia 679 m (2,228 ft) 118 2023 502 m (1,647 ft) 3 Shanghai Tower [REDACTED] Shanghai [REDACTED] China 632 m (2,073 ft) 128 2015 562 m (1,844 ft) 4 Makkah Royal Clock Tower [REDACTED] Mecca [REDACTED] Saudi Arabia 601 m (1,972 ft) 120 2012 484.4 m (1,589 ft) Proposed megatall skyscrapers [ edit ] Building City Country Height (m) Floors Progress Sky Mile Tower Tokyo [REDACTED] Japan 1,700 m (5,600 ft) 421 Proposed Jeddah Tower Jeddah [REDACTED] Saudi Arabia 1,008 m (3,307 ft) 167 Under construction Burj Mubarak Al Kabir Madinat al-Hareer [REDACTED] Kuwait 1,001 m (3,284 ft) 234 Proposed Oblisco Capitale New Administrative Capital [REDACTED] Egypt 1,000 m (3,300 ft) 210 Under construction Tradewinds Square Kuala Lumpur [REDACTED] Malaysia 775 m (2,543 ft) 150 Proposed Burj Azizi Dubai [REDACTED] United Arab Emirates 725 m (2,379 ft) 132 Under construction Uptown Dubai Tower 1 Dubai [REDACTED] United Arab Emirates 711 m (2,333 ft) 146 Proposed Lakhta Center II Saint Petersburg [REDACTED] Russia 703 m (2,306 ft) 150 Proposed Tower M Kuala Lumpur [REDACTED] Malaysia 700 m (2,300 ft) 145 Proposed Signature Tower Jakarta Jakarta [REDACTED] Indonesia 638 m (2,093 ft) 113 Proposed See also [ edit ] List of supertall skyscrapers List of tallest buildings List of visionary tall buildings and structures List of buildings with 100 floors or more References [ edit ] ^ Günel, M. H.; Ilgin, H. E. (2014). Tall Buildings: Structural Systems and Aerodynamic Form . Taylor & Francis. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-317-69073-3 . Retrieved February 12, 2018 . ^ "Jeddah developer restarts world's tallest tower" . MEED . 2023-09-13 . Retrieved 2023-09-15 . ^ Al-Kodmany, K. (2017). Understanding Tall Buildings: A Theory of Placemaking . Taylor & Francis. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-317-60866-0 . Retrieved February 12, 2018 . ^ Burj Khalifa – The Skyscraper Center ^ Spray, S. (2018). Awesome Engineering Skyscrapers . Capstone Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-5435-1339-4 . Retrieved February 12, 2018 . ^ Shanghai Tower – The Skyscraper Center ^ Bennett, Jay (November 14, 2017). "More Skyscrapers Were Built in 2015 Than Any Other Year" . Popular Mechanics . Retrieved February 12, 2018 . ^ Makkah Royal Clock Tower – The Skyscraper Center ^ "Kingdom Holding CEO: Saudi Arabia
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#1732773165207902-415: The pine needles fell off, the builders knew the wood frame below had cured/dried out so they could enclose the building. The practice of "topping out" a new building can be traced to the ancient Scandinavian religious rite of placing a tree atop a new building to appease the tree-dwelling spirits displaced in its construction. The tradition also served a functional purpose: a pine tree was used, and after
943-431: The site – previously a driving range – was prepared for construction. A groundbreaking ceremony was held on 29 November 2008, after the tower had passed an environmental impact study . The main construction contractor for the project was Shanghai Construction Group , a member of the consortium that owns the tower. A repetitive slip-forming process was used to construct the tower's core floor by floor. By late April 2011,
984-522: The three installed shuttle elevators traveled at 1230 meters/minute – the equivalent of 73.8 kilometers per hour (46 mph), the highest speed ever attained by a passenger elevator installed in a functioning building. The building also broke the record for the world's furthest-traveling single elevator, at 578.5 meters (1,898 ft), surpassing the record held by the Burj Khalifa . The Shanghai Tower's tuned mass damper , designed to limit swaying at
1025-529: The top of the structure, was the world's largest at the time of its installation. The Shanghai Tower comprises numerous green architecture components; its owners received certifications from the China Green Building Committee and the U.S. Green Building Council for the building's sustainable design. In 2013, a Gensler spokesman recounted the tower as "the greenest super high-rise building on Earth at this point in time". The building
1066-425: The tower empty; the luxury J hotel has also yet to open. The tower's floor plate has an "efficiency rate of only 50 per cent on some floors, compared with 70 per cent for a typical [skyscraper]", as the tower's "much-talked-about outer skin, which is ideal for allowing in natural light and cuts down on air-conditioning costs... means much of the floor space can’t be used." In July 2020, major water leaks broke out from
1107-562: The tower had reached 108 stories, standing over 500 meters (1,600 ft) tall and thusly exceeding the heights of its two adjacent supertall skyscrapers, the Jin Mao Tower and the Shanghai World Financial Center. Construction crews laid the final structural beam of the tower on 3 August 2013, thus topping out the tower as China's tallest, and the world's second-tallest, building. A topping-out ceremony
1148-422: The tower's 149 elevators, including three high-speed models capable of traveling 1,080 meters (3,540 ft) per minute (64.8 kilometers (40.3 mi) per hour). When they were installed (2014), they were the world's fastest single-deck elevators (18 meters per second (40 mph)) and double-deck elevators (10 meters per second (22 mph)), respectively. A 10 May 2016 Mitsubishi press release stated that one of
1189-590: The tower's green spaces. Heavenly Jin Restaurant List of megatall skyscrapers This is a list of all megatall skyscrapers , which are skyscrapers that are at least 600 m (approximately 1,968 feet) tall. As of November 2024 , only four completed buildings are 'megatall'. Although dozen of such buildings have been proposed, currently only two are under construction, Jeddah Tower in Saudi Arabia and
1230-448: The tower's steel reinforcement had risen to the 18th floor, while its concrete core had reached the 15th floor, and floor framing had been completed up to the fourth floor. By late December 2011, the tower's foundations had been completed, and its steel construction had risen above the 30th floor. In the first months of 2012, cracks began appearing in the roads near the tower's construction site. These were blamed on ground subsidence , which
1271-436: The visitor throughput to the observation deck at peak usage periods. In the event of a fire or other emergency, the building's shuttle elevators are designed to evacuate occupants from specially-designed refuge floors located at regular intervals throughout the height of the tower. In September 2011, Mitsubishi Electric announced that it had won a bid to construct the Shanghai Tower's elevator system. Mitsubishi supplied all of
Shanghai Tower - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-475: The world, beating out the Burj Khalifa's observation deck at 555m (1823 ft). The J Hotel Shanghai Tower, opened on the 120th floor in 2021, became the world's highest luxury hotel. Planning models for the Lujiazui financial district dating back to 1993 show plans for a close group of three supertall skyscrapers. The first of these, the Jin Mao Tower , was completed in 1999; the adjacent Shanghai World Financial Center (SWFC) opened in 2008. The Shanghai Tower
1353-529: Was collapsed using footage from a shopping center in Nanning in a 2016 incident. On June 19, 2021, the J Hotel Shanghai Tower, a luxury hotel owned and operated by Jin Jiang International, a major Chinese hotel and tourism company, opened for business. Occupying the topmost 120th floor of the tower with 165 rooms, it became the "highest hotel in the world" according to CNN. In December 2022, it
1394-450: Was designed by an American consultant, Edgett Williams Consulting Group, with principal Steve Edgett as a primary consultant. Working closely with Gensler's design and technical teams to create a highly efficient core, Edgett created an elevator system in which office floors are served via 4 sky lobbies each served by double-deck shuttle elevators. Access to the hotel is through a 5th sky lobby at levels 101/102. Each 2-level sky lobby serves as
1435-585: Was designed by the American architectural firm Gensler , with Shanghainese architect Jun Xia leading the design team. The tower takes the form of nine cylindrical buildings stacked atop each other that total 128 floors, all enclosed by the inner layer of the glass facade . Between that and the outer layer, which twists as it rises, nine indoor zones provide public space for visitors. Each of these nine areas has its own atrium , featuring gardens, cafés, restaurants and retail space, and providing panoramic views of
1476-478: Was gradually introduced during the summer of 2015. Until June 2017, the tower faced problems attracting tenants due to the absence of all the necessary permits from the local fire department, and consequent impossibility of obtaining the official occupancy permit. Following a report in June 2017, approximately 60% of its office space has been leased, but only 33% of those tenants have moved in, leaving entire floors of
1517-444: Was held at the site of the last beam. During the ceremony, Gensler co-founder Art Gensler stated: The Shanghai Tower represents a new way of defining and creating cities. By incorporating best practices in sustainability and high-performance design, by weaving the building into the urban fabric of Shanghai and drawing community life into the building, Shanghai Tower redefines the role of tall buildings in contemporary cities and raises
1558-539: Was likely caused by excessive groundwater extraction in the Shanghai area, rather than by the weight of the Shanghai Tower. By May 2012, the tower's core stood 250 meters (820 ft) high, while floors had been framed to a height of 200 meters (660 ft). By early September 2012, the core had reached a height of 338 meters (1,109 ft). By the end of 2012, the tower had reached the 90th floor, standing approximately 425 meters (1,394 ft) tall. By 11 April 2013,
1599-472: Was opened to visitors in July 2016; the period from July through September 2018 was termed a "test run" or "commissioning" period. Since April 26, 2017, the sightseeing decks on the 118th and 119th floors (546m and 547m high respectively) has been fully open to the public. By 2020, the opening of a further deck, dubbed the "Top of Shanghai" on the 121st floor at 562m (1844 ft), made it the highest observation deck in
1640-475: Was reported that, following its initial pre-pandemic tenancy issues, the tower had reached office space occupancy rates of 80% and commercial space occupancy rates of 98%. The tower management disclosed that 41% of its leased space were to foreign company tenants, which included JPMorgan, CNG Paribas and Allianz, and 30% were to Fortune 500 companies. Current tenants of the tower also include Alibaba , Intesa Sanpaolo and AllBright Law Offices . The Shanghai Tower
1681-918: Was surpassed by the Guangzhou CTF Finance Center , with its top speed of 21 meters per second (76 km/h; 47 mph). Designed by the international design firm Gensler and owned by the Shanghai Municipal Government, it is the tallest of the world's first triple-adjacent supertall buildings in Pudong , the other two being the Jin Mao Tower and the Shanghai World Financial Center . Its tiered construction, designed for high energy efficiency, provides nine separate zones divided between office, retail and leisure use. The US-based Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat cites it as "one of